CN110467436A - 一种废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵的方法 - Google Patents

一种废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵的方法 Download PDF

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CN110467436A
CN110467436A CN201910705167.0A CN201910705167A CN110467436A CN 110467436 A CN110467436 A CN 110467436A CN 201910705167 A CN201910705167 A CN 201910705167A CN 110467436 A CN110467436 A CN 110467436A
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alumina
magnesia
carbon brick
discarded
spinel
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罗旭东
刘晓楠
陈娜
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University of Science and Technology Liaoning USTL
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石‑尖晶石质匣钵的方法，是以废弃镁铝碳砖颗粒、废弃镁碳砖细粉、镁铝尖晶石、特级矾土、刚玉为原料，经混炼、成型、干燥、烧成等工序，得到利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石‑尖晶石质匣钵。由于废弃镁铝碳砖中有氧化镁、氧化铝和石墨，价格便宜。本发明利用镁铝碳砖中石墨在煅烧过程中的发热效应促进烧结，使废弃镁铝碳砖中氧化镁、氧化铝在烧结作用下形成方镁石‑尖晶石质匣钵，方镁石主要成分是氧化镁，是一种高温相，尖晶石主要成分是氧化镁、氧化铝，也是一种高温相，该复相匣钵具有熔点高、热稳定性好等特点。

Description

一种废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无机化工技术领域，具体涉及一种废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵的方法。
背景技术
耐火材料广泛应用于冶金、玻璃、水泥、石油化工、环保等各个行业。我国每年消耗900多万吨。我国每年产生400多万吨用后耐火材料，国内仅有约20%得到了粗糙的利用，大多数用后耐火材料作为工业垃圾被废弃和淹埋。这对于国家是一笔巨大的资源浪费。若能作为二次资源得到充分的利用，不但为我国节约大量的资源，提高社会效益将超过60 亿元/年。特别对改善和保护环境起到重要的作用。因此，对用后耐火材料进行再利用研究是非常有意义的。钢铁工业炼钢过程产生大量废弃镁铝碳砖，废弃镁铝碳砖中有氧化镁、氧化铝和石墨，价格便宜，利用镁铝碳砖中的石墨在煅烧过程中的发热效应促进烧结，使废弃镁铝碳砖中氧化镁、氧化铝通过烧结作用形成方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵，方镁石主要成分是氧化镁，是一种高温相，尖晶石主要成分是氧化镁、氧化铝，也是一种高温相，该复相匣钵具有熔点高、热稳定性好等特点。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵的方法，以废弃镁铝碳砖为主要原料，与镁铝尖晶石、特级矾土、刚玉，经拣选、细磨、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成等工序，得到利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵。
为实现上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵的方法，其特征在于，以废弃镁铝碳砖为主要原料，与镁铝尖晶石、特级矾土和刚玉经拣选、细磨、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成，得到利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵，其具体操作步骤如下：
步骤一，对废弃镁铝碳砖进行人工拣选，剔除粘渣部分和粘附的金属；利用破碎机进行破碎，随后进行筛分，筛上料作为后续阶段的骨料，筛下料用球磨机进行磨细，并经化学分析确定并调整筛下料MgO含量为65-85%、Al2O3含量为5-10%，C含量为10-20%；
步骤二，将调整好的物料在球磨机中磨细至粒径小于0.074mm；
步骤三，以重量百分比计，取50-60%粒径为5-0.074mm的镁铝碳砖颗粒、10-20%粒径小于0.074mm的镁铝碳砖细粉、10%粒径小于0.074mm的镁铝尖晶石、15%粒径小于0.074mm的特级矾土、5%粒径小于0.074mm的刚玉为原料，在混炼机中预混5-10分钟，得预混物料；外加入预混物料总质量5-8％的结合剂，继续混炼10-20分钟，得混炼后的泥料，并将其置于开放环境中，困料5-8小时；
步骤四，经困料后的泥料采用400吨压机压制成型；
步骤五，成型试样于110℃干燥24小时；将干燥后的试样以2℃/min的升温速率升至900-1100℃，保温2-6小时，再以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1400-1600℃，保温2-6小时，随炉自然冷却后取出，即得到利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵。
所述步骤三中所用结合剂可为沥青、热固树脂和树脂粉的任一种。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：1）本发明制备的方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵所用原料为废弃镁铝碳砖，变废为宝，提高耐火材料利用率，节约资源；2）利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备的方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵具有良好的抗热震稳定性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的制备方法做进一步说明：
实施例1：
一种废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵的方法，以废弃镁铝碳砖为主要原料，与镁铝尖晶石、特级矾土、刚玉，经拣选、细磨、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成，得到利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵，其具体操作步骤如下：
步骤一，对废弃镁铝碳砖进行人工拣选，剔除粘渣部分和粘附的金属；利用破碎机进行破碎，随后进行筛分，筛上料作为后续阶段的骨料，筛下料用于球磨机的磨细，并经化学分析确定并调整筛下料中MgO含量为72%、Al2O3含量为8%，C含量为20%。
步骤二，将调整好的物料在球磨机中磨细至粒径小于0.074mm。
步骤三，取粒径为5-0.074mm的镁铝碳砖颗粒50kg、粒径小于0.074mm的镁铝碳砖细粉20kg、粒径小于0.074mm的镁铝尖晶石10kg、粒径小于0.074mm的特级矾土15kg、粒径小于0.074mm的刚玉5kg为原料，在混炼机中预混5分钟，得预混物料；外加入5kg热固树脂，继续混炼10分钟，得混炼后的泥料，并将其置于开放环境中，困料5小时；
步骤四，经过困料后的泥料采用400吨压机压制成型；
步骤五，成型试样于110℃干燥24小时；将干燥后的试样以2℃/min的升温速率升至900℃，保温2小时，再以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1400℃，保温2小时，随炉自然冷却后取出，即得到利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵。
按GB/T 2997-2000 测试样的显气孔率、体积密度；按GB/T 3001-2000 测试样的常温抗折强度；按GB/T 3997.2-1998 测试样的常温耐压强度。抗热震性试验是将试样直接放入1100℃炉膛内保温20 min，取出放在常温循环水中保持3min 后取出自然放置5min。上述过程重复直至试样断裂或出现大的掉块。以试样3次热震后的残余抗折强度作为试样抗热震性的评价指标，测定试样在1100℃下的抗折强度。其残余抗折强度为3.8MPa，残余耐压强度为16.2MPa。
实施例2：
一种废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵的方法，以废弃镁铝碳砖为主要原料，与镁铝尖晶石、特级矾土、刚玉，经拣选、细磨、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成，得到利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵，其具体操作步骤如下：
步骤一，对废弃镁铝碳砖进行人工拣选，剔除粘渣部分和粘附的金属；利用破碎机进行破碎，随后进行筛分，筛上料作为后续阶段的骨料，筛下料用于球磨机的磨细，并经化学分析确定并调整筛下料中MgO含量为75%、Al2O3含量为10%，C含量为15%。
步骤二，将调整好的物料在球磨机中磨细至粒径小于0.074mm。
步骤三，取粒径为5-0.074mm的镁铝碳砖颗粒55kg、粒径小于0.074mm的镁铝碳砖细粉15kg、粒径小于0.074mm的镁铝尖晶石10kg、粒径小于0.074mm的特级矾土15kg、粒径小于0.074mm的刚玉5kg为原料在混炼机中预混7分钟，得预混物料；外加入6kg热固树脂，继续混炼10分钟，得混炼后的泥料，并将其置于开放环境中，困料6小时；
步骤四，经过困料后的泥料采用400吨压机压制成型；
步骤五，成型试样于110℃干燥24小时；将干燥后的试样以2℃/min的升温速率升至1000℃，保温2.5小时，再以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1500℃，保温2.5小时，随炉自然冷却后取出，即得到利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵。
按GB/T 2997-2000 测试样的显气孔率、体积密度；按GB/T 3001-2000 测试样的常温抗折强度；按GB/T 3997.2-1998 测试样的常温耐压强度。抗热震性试验是将试样直接放入1100℃炉膛内保温20 min，取出放在常温循环水中保持3min 后取出自然放置5min。上述过程重复直至试样断裂或出现大的掉块。以试样3次热震后的残余抗折强度作为试样抗热震性的评价指标，测定试样在1100℃下的抗折强度。其残余抗折强度为4.1MPa，残余耐压强度为17.5MPa。
实施例3：
一种废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵的方法，以废弃镁铝碳砖为主要原料，与镁铝尖晶石、特级矾土、刚玉，经拣选、细磨、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成，得到利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵，其具体操作步骤如下：
步骤一，对废弃镁铝碳砖进行人工拣选，剔除粘渣部分和粘附的金属；利用破碎机进行破碎，随后进行筛分，筛上料作为后续阶段的骨料，筛下料用于球磨机的磨细，并经化学分析确定并调整筛下料中MgO含量为80%、Al2O3含量为10%，C含量为10%。
步骤二，将调整好的物料在球磨机中磨细至粒径小于0.074mm。
步骤三，取粒径为5-0.074mm的镁铝碳砖颗粒60kg、粒径小于0.074mm的镁铝碳砖细粉10kg、粒径小于0.074mm的镁铝尖晶石10kg、粒径小于0.074mm的特级矾土15kg、粒径小于0.074mm的刚玉5kg为原料，在混炼机中预混10分钟，得预混物料；外加入7kg热固树脂，继续混炼20分钟，得混炼后的泥料，并将其置于开放环境中，困料7小时；
步骤四，经过困料后的泥料采用400吨压机压制成型；
步骤五，成型试样于110℃干燥24小时；将干燥后的试样以2℃/min的升温速率升至1100℃，保温3小时，再以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1600℃，保温3小时，随炉自然冷却后取出，即得到利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵。
按GB/T 2997-2000 测试样的显气孔率、体积密度；按GB/T 3001-2000 测试样的常温抗折强度；按GB/T 3997.2-1998 测试样的常温耐压强度。抗热震性试验是将试样直接放入1100℃炉膛内保温20 min，取出放在常温循环水中保持3min 后取出自然放置5min。上述过程重复直至试样断裂或出现大的掉块。以试样3次热震后的残余抗折强度作为试样抗热震性的评价指标，测定试样在1100℃下的抗折强度。其残余抗折强度在为4.5MPa ，残余耐压强度为22.3MPa。

Claims (2)

1.一种废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵的方法，其特征在于，以废弃镁铝碳砖为主要原料，与镁铝尖晶石、特级矾土、刚玉经拣选、细磨、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成，得到利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵，其具体操作步骤如下：
步骤一，对废弃镁铝碳砖进行人工拣选，剔除粘渣部分和粘附的金属；利用破碎机进行破碎，随后进行筛分，筛上料作为后续阶段的骨料，筛下料用球磨机进行磨细，并经化学分析确定并调整筛下料MgO含量为65-85%、Al2O3含量为5-10%，C含量为10-20%；
步骤二，将调整好的物料在球磨机中磨细至粒径小于0.074mm；
步骤三，以重量百分比计，取50-60%粒径为5-0.074mm的镁铝碳砖颗粒、10-20%粒径小于0.074mm的镁铝碳砖细粉、10%粒径小于0.074mm的镁铝尖晶石、15%粒径小于0.074mm的特级矾土、5%粒径小于0.074mm的刚玉为原料，在混炼机中预混5-10分钟，得预混物料；外加入预混物料总质量5-8％的结合剂，继续混炼10-20分钟，得混炼后的泥料，并将其置于开放环境中，困料5-8小时；
步骤四，经困料后的泥料采用400吨压机压制成型；
步骤五，成型试样于110℃干燥24小时；将干燥后的试样以2℃/min的升温速率升至900-1100℃，保温2-6小时，再以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1400-1600℃，保温2-6小时，随炉自然冷却后取出，即得到利用废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种废弃镁铝碳砖制备方镁石-尖晶石质匣钵的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤三中所用结合剂可为沥青、热固树脂和树脂粉的任一种。
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