WO2012093880A2 - 슈퍼커패시터용 나노다공성 전극 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
슈퍼커패시터용 나노다공성 전극 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012093880A2 WO2012093880A2 PCT/KR2012/000137 KR2012000137W WO2012093880A2 WO 2012093880 A2 WO2012093880 A2 WO 2012093880A2 KR 2012000137 W KR2012000137 W KR 2012000137W WO 2012093880 A2 WO2012093880 A2 WO 2012093880A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- porous metal
- porous
- metal
- supercapacitor
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007783 nanoporous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004832 voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XCEAGAJKBRACAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ru] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ru] XCEAGAJKBRACAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 and the like Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZNKMCMOJCDFGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Au] ZNKMCMOJCDFGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001258 titanium gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/12—Electroforming by electrophoresis
- C25D1/14—Electroforming by electrophoresis of inorganic material
- C25D1/16—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/02—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process with inorganic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/22—Servicing or operating apparatus or multistep processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nanoporous electrode for a supercapacitor and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, by forming a pore on the surface or the inside of the electrode by using an electroplating method with hydrogen generation, by increasing the specific surface area of the electrode capacitor
- the present invention relates to a nanoporous electrode for a supercapacitor capable of improving charge / discharge capacity, energy density, power density, and the like, and a method of manufacturing the same.
- An electrochemical capacitor is an energy storage device that stores and supplies electrical energy by using a capacitor behavior caused by an electrochemical reaction between an electrode and an electrolyte.
- the electrochemical capacitor has a much higher energy density and output density than conventional electrolytic capacitors and secondary batteries. Recently, it has received much attention as a new concept of energy storage power source capable of storing or supplying energy rapidly.
- Electrochemical capacitors are expected to be used as a back-up power source for electronic devices, pulse power sources for portable mobile communication devices, and high power power sources for hybrid electric vehicles due to their ability to supply a large amount of current in a short time.
- Metal oxides or conductive polymers are mainly used as electrode materials for supercapacitors, and most of them are transition metal oxide materials that are attracting the most attention as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Especially, ruthenium oxide is very high in aqueous electrolytes. Most research is being carried out due to its capacity, long operating time, high electrical conductivity and excellent high rate characteristics.
- a method for manufacturing a composite electrode of a carbon-based material and a metal oxide includes a carbon material / metal oxide prepared by mixing a carbon-based material in the synthesis of a metal oxide in a paste form by mixing a conductive material and a binder.
- a metal oxide, a conductive material, and a binder, which are already synthesized are mixed with a carbon material to form a paste, and then applied to a current collector.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 199-198461 manufactured a porous metal electrode for a capacitor by forming an aluminum layer using electroplating on a porous conductive substrate, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 1993-045947 to a foamed resin. Electroplating and heat treatment of the foamed resin to produce a porous structure electrode for the capacitor, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-066819 discloses a capacitor electrode by sequentially laminating a nickel plating layer and a chromium plating layer on a porous nonwoven fabric. However, all of them have a disadvantage in that the electrode is manufactured by plating the substrate on which the pores are already formed, and the specific surface area is limited and the specific surface area cannot be controlled.
- the present inventors have made diligent efforts to solve the problems of the prior art, and when manufacturing a nanoporous electrode for a supercapacitor using an electroplating method with hydrogen generation, it is possible to control the specific surface area by a simple method, specific surface area It was also confirmed that it can increase, and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention comprises the steps of (a) preparing a conductive metal substrate; And (b) electroplating a metal-containing electrolyte solution on the conductive metal substrate to form a porous metal structure or a porous metal oxide structure on the conductive metal substrate.
- the present invention also provides a porous metal structure or a porous metal oxide structure containing a metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, nickel, cobalt, tin, lead, ruthenium, and alloys thereof is formed. It provides a pseudo-capacitor comprising a nanoporous electrode for a supercapacitor and a nanoporous electrode for the supercapacitor.
- 1 is a manufacturing process of the nanoporous electrode for the supercapacitor according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a SEM image of the porous manganese / copper and manganese / tin electrode according to the present invention, (a) is a porous manganese / copper electrode image at x250 magnification, (b) manganese / copper at x25,000 magnification Dendrite structure image, (c) is a porous manganese / tin electrode image at x250 magnification, and (b) is a manganese / tin dendrite structure image at x25,000 magnification.
- FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the porous nickel / tin electrode according to the present invention, (a) is a porous electrode image at x250 magnification, and (b) is a dendrite structure image at x25,000 magnification.
- FIG. 4 is an SEM image of the porous cobalt / tin electrode according to the present invention, (a) is a porous electrode image at x250 magnification, and (b) is a dendrite structure image at x5,000 magnification.
- FIG. 5 is an SEM image of a porous tin electrode according to the present invention, (a) is a porous electrode image at x150 magnification, and (b) is a dendrite structure image at x3,000 magnification.
- FIG. 6 is an SEM image of a porous lead electrode according to the present invention, (a) is an image of a porous electrode at x250 magnification, (b) is a dendrite structure image at x5,000 magnification, and (c) is annealing Needle structure image at x25,000 magnification after processing.
- FIG. 7 is an SEM image of a porous ruthenium / copper electrode according to the present invention, (a) is a porous electrode image at x250 magnification, (b) is a surface structure image at x15,000 magnification, and (c) is copper Changed structural image at x20,000 magnification after removal process.
- FIG. 8 is a graph of cyclic voltammetry test results of a porous ruthenium / copper electrode according to the present invention.
- Figure 9 is a graph of the charge / discharge test results of the porous ruthenium / copper electrode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a graph of specific capacitance results of the porous ruthenium / copper electrode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing cyclic voltammetry test results of a porous ruthenium / copper electrode and a ruthenium electrode in a film form according to the present invention.
- adhesion layer 8 conductive metal
- the present invention in one aspect, (a) preparing a conductive metal substrate; And (b) electroplating a metal-containing electrolyte on the conductive metal substrate to form a porous metal structure or a porous metal oxide structure on the conductive metal substrate. .
- the supercapacitor electrode is manufactured by using hydrogen generated during electrodeposition as a template by the electroplating method, so that the specific surface area is improved and the strength is excellent by electroplating.
- Supercapacitor electrodes can be manufactured firmly, and pseudocapacitors capable of achieving higher capacitance, energy density, power density, etc. can be manufactured as the specific surface area of the electrodes increases.
- the method of manufacturing a nanoporous electrode for a supercapacitor firstly prepares a conductive metal substrate 5 serving as a working electrode during electroplating.
- a conductive metal substrate 5 serving as a working electrode during electroplating.
- (5) may use platinum, silver, copper, gold titanium, nickel, ruthenium, and the like, and carbon materials such as graphite, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes may also be used.
- substrate containing the conductive metal 8 it can use without a restriction.
- the conductive metal 8 is selected from platinum, silver, copper, gold and the like.
- the conductive metal substrate 5 may be manufactured using an elastic material such as silicon, glass, or the like.
- the conductive metal substrate 5 forms an adhesive layer 7 by applying an adhesive such as titanium or chromium in order to increase the adhesive strength, and then, platinum, copper, or the like.
- the conductive metal 8 layer may be formed and prepared.
- the substrate 6 can be used as long as silicon, glass, polyimide film, other flexible film, and the like.
- the conductive metal substrate 5 is electroplated from the metal-containing electrolyte to form the porous metal structure 20 or the porous metal oxide structure (not shown) on the conductive metal substrate 5.
- the metal-containing electrolyte may be used as long as it is a metal that can be used as an electrode for pseudocapacitors in an aqueous solution, and is preferably prepared by containing ruthenium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, tin, lead, and alloys thereof in an aqueous solution. .
- a conductive metal substrate 5 is provided on the cathode, and a platinum plate (not shown) is provided on the anode, and the electrolysis reaction is performed by applying a power source.
- Metals such as nickel, cobalt, tin, lead, ruthenium, and alloys thereof and hydrogen 25 are precipitated or generated on the conductive metal substrate 5 as a cathode.
- a porous metal structure or a porous metal oxide structure is formed by using a conductive electrode (5) as a working electrode, a platinum plate as a counter electrode, and a reference electrode according to the material to be plated. Make.
- the metal particles deposited on the conductive metal substrate 5 may be formed of the porous metal structure 20 or the porous metal in which pores 30 are formed in or on the surface of the metal particles due to hydrogen generated at the same time during electroplating.
- An oxide structure (not shown) can be obtained.
- the pore size of the porous metal structure 20 or the porous metal oxide structure is made different depending on the plating time and the distance from the conductive substrate.
- the hydrogen bubbles 25 move away from the conductive substrate, the pores change in size due to coalescence and coalescence of the hydrogen bubbles 25.
- the hydrogen bubbles 25 are generated from the cathode reaction on the conductive metal substrate 5 and are continuously generated from the conductive substrate to the electrolyte while plating is performed.
- the structure is not made in the portion, and the porous metal structure 20 or the porous metal oxide structure is formed between the hydrogen bubbles in the conductive metal substrate. 5) is formed on the phase.
- the pores may be variously formed according to the metal material contained in the electrolyte, the concentration of the metal material, and the like, the size of the pores may be formed from several tens of nanometers to several tens of micrometers, and preferably the average diameter is 10 nm to 10
- the pores having a diameter and the average size are formed in the dendrite structure of 5nm ⁇ 1 ⁇ m, the thickness of the porous metal structure or porous metal oxide structure is 10 ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
- porous metal structure or a porous metal oxide structure using an electrolyte solution containing an alloy of a metal such as manganese, nickel, cobalt, tin, lead, ruthenium, etc. It is possible to produce a porous metal structure or a porous metal oxide structure having a dendrite structure such as a branch shape.
- Electrodes having porous metal structures or porous metal oxide structures of the present invention have numerous pores and
- the structure of the electrode is composed of numerous dendrites of different types depending on the material, and has a specific surface area that is incomparable with that of a metal film in the form of a single layer, thereby improving the charge / discharge capacity, energy density, and output density of the capacitor. You can.
- the pore size and the size of the dendrite structure of the porous metal structure 20 or the porous metal oxide structure may be contained. It can be easily controlled by adjusting the metal concentration of the electrolyte and the conditions selected from the group consisting of the metal type of the metal-containing electrolyte, and also the additives such as the temperature of the electrolyte during the plating, the magnitude of the applied voltage, sulfuric acid and ammonium chloride It can be controlled by concentration and can be used as a means of developing new electrodes for capacitors.
- the pores of the porous metal structure 20 or the porous metal oxide structure has a longer plating time, or the distance from the conductive metal substrate 5 increases the pore size due to coalescence and coalescence of hydrogen bubbles. As it becomes larger, the size of the pores can be controlled by adjusting the plating time or the generation of hydrogen bubbles and their adhesion / coalescence positions.
- the metal contained in the electrolyte is tin
- the porous metal structure or the surface of the porous metal structure is precipitated into a protrusion structure, and in the case of lead, it is precipitated into a needle structure, and in the case of copper, a number of amorphous particles are aggregated together.
- an annealing step or a plasma ion implantation step is further performed as a process for forming a metal oxide layer (not shown) for use as an electrode for a supercapacitor.
- the porous metal oxide structure refers to a structure in which the surface and / or the inside of the porous metal structure is oxidized.
- the method of manufacturing a nanoporous electrode for a supercapacitor according to the present invention can produce a porous metal structure or a porous metal oxide structure in which nano-sized pores are formed by uniformly dispersing by using an electroplating method that is accompanied by hydrogen generation.
- a porous electrode that can be controlled in a variety of pores and shapes compared to the prepared electrode when using a conventional porous substrate.
- a porous metal structure or a porous metal oxide structure containing a metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, nickel, cobalt, tin, lead, ruthenium, and alloys thereof is formed.
- the present invention relates to a nanoporous electrode for a supercapacitor.
- the porous metal structure 20 or the porous metal oxide structure is preferably a porous metal structure 20 or a porous metal oxide formed using an alloy thereof, rather than a single metal such as manganese, nickel, cobalt, tin, lead, ruthenium, or the like. Since the structure is formed in a composite layer structure, it can be used more stably.
- the present invention relates to a pseudo capacitor comprising the nanoporous electrode for the supercapacitor.
- the pseudocapacitor may be manufactured by a method known to those skilled in the art except for using the nanoporous electrode for the supercapacitor prepared in the present invention.
- nanoporous electrode for the supercapacitor according to the present invention may be applied to energy devices and various sensors such as solar cells, fuel cells, secondary batteries, in addition to the supercapacitor.
- Titanium was sputtered on the silicon substrate to form a 10 nm titanium layer. Then, a platinum layer was formed on the titanium layer, and a conductive platinum substrate having a 200 nm platinum layer was used as the conductive metal substrate.
- the conductive platinum substrate was used as a working electrode and a platinum plate as a counter electrode, and the distance between the cathode and the anode was maintained at 2 cm. Ag / AgCl was used.
- MnSO 4 H 2 O and NH 4 Cl were used as the electrolyte. At this time, the concentration of the electrolyte solution was MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O0.2M and NH 4 Cl1M, copper and tin 0.01M was added.
- the conductive platinum substrate is supported on 20 ml of the electrolytic solution prepared as described above, and electrolytic plating is performed for 1 minute by applying a voltage of -3 volt to form a porous manganese, a porous manganese / copper and a porous manganese / tin structure on the conductive platinum substrate. It precipitated (FIG. 2).
- Example 2 Nanoporous Electrode Fabrication Using Nickel Oxide and Alloy
- the conductive platinum substrate was used as a working electrode and a platinum plate as a counter electrode, and the distance between the cathode and the anode was maintained at 2 cm.
- Ag / AgCl was used as a reference electrode.
- the electrolyte NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, SnCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O, and H 2 SO 4 were used. At this time, the concentration of the electrolyte solution is NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O0.2M, SnCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O0.01M and H 2 SO 4 1M.
- the conductive platinum substrate is supported on 20 ml of the electrolytic solution prepared as described above, and electrolytic plating is performed for 2 minutes by applying a voltage of -3 volt to deposit a nickel / tin structure on the conductive platinum substrate to form a porous nickel / tin electrode. Prepared (FIG. 3).
- Example 3 Nanoporous Electrode Fabrication Using Cobalt Oxide and Alloy
- Example 2 Perform the same method as in Example 2, the electrolyte solution using CoSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O, SnCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O and H 2 SO 4 , wherein the concentration of the electrolyte solution is CoSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O0.2M, SnCl 2
- a porous electrode having a porous cobalt / tin structure was prepared using 2H 2 O0.2M and H 2 SO 4 1M, and the prepared porous electrode was annealed (oxidized) at 300 ° C.
- Example 4 Nanoporous Electrode Fabrication Using Tin Oxide and Alloy
- Example 2 The same method as in Example 2, except that the electrolyte solution using SnCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O or SnCl 2 ⁇ 5H 2 O and H 2 SO 4 , wherein the concentration of the electrolyte solution is SnCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O0.1M or SnCl 2
- a porous electrode having a porous tin structure was prepared using 5H 2 O0.1M and H 2 SO 4 1M.
- Example 5 Nanoporous Electrode Fabrication Using Lead Oxide and Alloy
- a porous electrode having a porous lead structure was prepared using Pb (ClO 4 ) 2 0.01M, HClO 4 1.2M, and Sidium Citrate 0.01M.
- Cyclic voltammetry was measured using an ruthenium oxide nanoporous electrode prepared in Example 6 (Eelectrochemical Impedance Analyzer, ZAHNER). The measurement method was based on different scanning rates in 0.1MH 2 SO 4 electrolyte using a porous metal structure working electrode, platinum plate counter electrode and Ag / AgCl reference electrode. Measured according to
- the oxidation peak appeared at 0.4V and the reduced peak appeared in the potential region of about 0.3V, indicating that the electrode used for the measurement was ruthenium.
- Charge / discharge performance was measured (Eelectrochemical Impedance Analyzer, ZAHNER) using the ruthenium oxide nanoporous electrode prepared in Example 6.
- the measuring method is based on different current values in 0.1MH 2 SO 4 electrolyte using a porous metal structure, working electrode, platinum plate counter electrode, and Ag / AgCl reference electrode. 1 A / g to 10 A / g).
- the specific capacitance performance of the ruthenium oxide nanoporous electrode prepared in Example 6 was measured by calculating the discharge time of the specific capacitance and the value of the applied current through a graph measured in cyclic voltametry.
- the ruthenium-copper porous metal structure had a specific storage capacity of 1100 F / g, and after charging and discharging for 3000 cycles, a specific storage capacity of about 750 to 800 F / g was obtained. It was found that it was maintained.
- Cyclic voltammetry was measured by a method that can compare the ruthenium oxide nanoporous electrode prepared in Example 6 and the electrode of Comparative Example 1 in a single step. The measuring method was performed by the same method as Experimental Example 1.
- a nanoporous electrode for a supercapacitor according to the present invention, is manufactured by using hydrogen generated by electroplating as a template, thereby greatly minimizing the amount of metal used and greatly reducing the electrode manufacturing cost.
- the specific surface area is also increased, thereby improving the charge / discharge capacity, energy density / output density, and the like of the capacitor.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- 다음 단계를 포함하는 슈퍼커패시터용 나노 다공성 전극의 제조방법:(a) 도전성 금속기질을 준비하는 단계; 및(b) 상기 도전성 금속기질상에 금속함유 전해액을 전해도금시켜 상기 도전성 금속기질상에 다공성 금속구조체 또는 다공성 금속산화물 구조체를 형성시키는 단계.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 도전성 금속기질은 백금, 은, 구리, 금, 타이타늄, 니켈, 루테늄, 탄소물질 및 이들의 혼합물로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 금속을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 슈퍼커패시터용 나노 다공성 전극의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 다공성 금속구조체 또는 다공성 금속산화물 구조체의 다공은 전해도금 과정에서 발생되는 수소에 의해 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 슈퍼커패시터용 나노 다공성 전극의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 금속함유 전해액은 망간 함유 전해액, 니켈 함유 전해액, 코발트 함유 전해액, 주석 함유 전해액, 납 함유 전해액, 루테늄 함유 전해액 및 이들의 합금 함유 전해액으로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 슈퍼커패시터용 나노 다공성 전극의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전해도금은 -0.3Volt. ~ -4.0Volt.의 전압을 인가하여 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 슈퍼커패시터용 나노 다공성 전극의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 다공성 금속구조체 또는 다공성 금속산화물 구조체는 평균 직경이 10nm ~ 10㎛인 기공이 형성되어 있고, 두께가 10 ~ 100㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 슈퍼커패시터용 나노 다공성 전극의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 다공성 금속구조체 또는 다공성 금속산화물 구조체의 기공 크기는 금속 함유 전해액의 금속농도, 금속 함유 전해액의 금속종류, 도금시 전해액의 온도, 인가되는 전압크기, 첨가물의 농도로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 것을 조절하여 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하는 슈퍼커패시터용 나노 다공성 전극의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계는 커패시터용으로 사용하기 부적절한 물질의 제거와 비표면적 증대를 위해 다공성 금속구조체 또는 다공성 금속산화물 구조체를 형성시킨 다음, 에칭 단계 및/또는 전기화학 분리법(de-alloy) 단계를 추가로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 슈퍼커패시터용 나노 다공성 전극의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계에서 상기 다공성 금속구조체에 금속산화물층을 형성시키기 위해 다공성 금속구조체를 형성시킨 다음, 어닐링 단계 및/또는 플라즈마 이온주입 단계를 추가로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 슈퍼커패시터용 나노 다공성 전극의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계의 다공성 금속구조체 또는 다공성 금속산화물 구조체는 돌기형, 바늘형 및 이들의 혼합형태로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 형태인 것을 특징으로 하는 슈퍼커패시터용 나노 다공성 전극의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항의 제조방법으로 제조되고, 상기 도전성 금속기질에 망간, 니켈, 코발트, 주석, 납, 루테늄 및 이들의 합금으로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 금속이 함유된 다공성 금속구조체 또는 다공성 금속산화물 구조체가 형성되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 슈퍼커패시터용 나노 다공성 전극.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 다공성 금속구조체 또는 다공성 금속산화물 구조체는 평균 직경이 10nm ~ 10㎛인 기공이 형성되어 있고, 평균 크기가 5nm ~ 1㎛의 덴드라이트 구조로 형성되어 있으며, 두께가 10 ~ 100㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 슈퍼커패시터용 나노 다공성 전극.
- 제11항의 슈퍼커패시터용 나노다공성 전극을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 의사 커패시터.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103503101A (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
US9847183B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 |
JP5714724B2 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
WO2012093880A3 (ko) | 2012-10-26 |
WO2012093880A9 (ko) | 2012-09-07 |
KR20120092758A (ko) | 2012-08-22 |
US20130321983A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
JP2014508399A (ja) | 2014-04-03 |
KR101199004B1 (ko) | 2012-11-07 |
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