WO2012060325A1 - プラズマアニール方法及びその装置 - Google Patents
プラズマアニール方法及びその装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012060325A1 WO2012060325A1 PCT/JP2011/075068 JP2011075068W WO2012060325A1 WO 2012060325 A1 WO2012060325 A1 WO 2012060325A1 JP 2011075068 W JP2011075068 W JP 2011075068W WO 2012060325 A1 WO2012060325 A1 WO 2012060325A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02524—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02532—Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02296—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer
- H01L21/02299—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer pre-treatment
- H01L21/02312—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer pre-treatment treatment by exposure to a gas or vapour
- H01L21/02315—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer pre-treatment treatment by exposure to a gas or vapour treatment by exposure to a plasma
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02656—Special treatments
- H01L21/02664—Aftertreatments
- H01L21/02667—Crystallisation or recrystallisation of non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials, e.g. regrowth
- H01L21/02689—Crystallisation or recrystallisation of non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials, e.g. regrowth using particle beams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/324—Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/326—Application of electric currents or fields, e.g. for electroforming
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film manufacturing method for changing the crystal structure of a constituent material of a film by plasma and a plasma annealing apparatus used therefor.
- An amorphous inorganic structure formed by a method such as chemical vapor deposition depends on its bonding state, and conduction electrons are scattered in electron conduction and become resistance with respect to its movement behavior, that is, the bonding state of the structure is the structure. This greatly affects the properties of electron transfer. For this reason, it is possible to greatly improve the electron transfer behavior by aligning the bonds between atoms and crystallizing them.
- an amorphous film formed on a substrate by a vapor deposition method or the like is subjected to a high-temperature heat treatment using an electric furnace or the like (direct heating method)
- An amorphous structure film is converted into a polycrystalline film by a method of heating by irradiating a laser beam (laser annealing method).
- the film and the entire substrate material on which the film is formed are heated.
- the heating and baking temperature is limited by the heat-resistant temperature.
- the laser annealing method uses a laser with a specific wavelength, so that the temperature does not increase almost at the base material that does not absorb the laser beam. For this reason, for example, by selecting a laser beam having a wavelength that has absorption for the film and no absorption for the substrate, the laser is irradiated with almost no increase in the temperature of the substrate, and the film is bonded. It is expected that the state can be changed.
- a high-capacity high-capacity substrate that can accommodate an amorphous silicon film can be accommodated.
- An airtight chamber is provided, and after the impurity gas is exhausted by evacuating the chamber, a process of replacing the chamber with an inert gas or the like is performed (Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 the above-described method for controlling the gas atmosphere in the entire chamber requires an expensive vacuum chamber, a large-scale exhaust device, and the like, and there is a problem that the apparatus cost and running cost are increased.
- it is necessary to increase the size of the vacuum chamber that accommodates the entire substrate in accordance with the size of the substrate there is a problem that the entire apparatus is increased in size particularly when a large substrate is processed.
- the uniformity of the crystal has a great influence on its electrical properties, so that the shape of the laser beam is devised.
- the intensity of the center of a circular laser beam is exponentially increased, so that when the laser beam is directly irradiated onto an inorganic structure, only the irradiation center is preferentially crystallized.
- spot laser light is passed through a cylindrical lens to form rectangular laser light, and then the laser intensity is made uniform using a homogenizer, and the rectangular laser light with uniform intensity is scanned against the inorganic structure.
- Patent Document 2 A technique of performing crystallization by adopting the method is employed (Patent Document 2). However, even in the laser annealing apparatus having the above-described configuration, it is still necessary to perform the laser annealing treatment at a high temperature, and further, the problem of non-uniformity of crystallization has not been improved.
- Patent Document 3 Although there is no structural change, a plasma deposition method has been proposed in which plasma is generated after introducing an amorphous silicon deposition gas under high vacuum to form an amorphous silicon film on a substrate ( Patent Document 3).
- JP 2002-164543 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-100652 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-173044
- the semiconductor film can be crystallized stepwise by irradiating two stages of laser beams with different irradiation energies, and the crystallinity defects observed in laser annealing without conventional preliminary irradiation. This is because various problems following abrupt phase change such as uniformity, generation of crystal grain boundaries, and concentration of stress can be alleviated. Moreover, the effect of this stepwise irradiation can be further enhanced by increasing the number of times and making it multistage. By these two methods, the uniformity of the laser irradiation effect can be considerably improved.
- the laser processing time is doubled and the throughput is reduced, and the equipment for performing the two-stage irradiation method is more complicated than the case where only one stage is irradiated.
- the equipment for performing the two-stage irradiation method is more complicated than the case where only one stage is irradiated.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and can easily change the crystal structure of a film by processing a film (film) on a substrate with a simple configuration, and has excellent productivity.
- An object is to provide a plasma annealing apparatus.
- a method for producing a film characterized by changing the crystal structure of a constituent material of the film including the step (A) of irradiating the film on the substrate with atmospheric pressure plasma,
- step (A) plasma is generated under atmospheric pressure by energizing at a frequency of 10 to 100 megahertz and a voltage of 60 to 1 million volts, and the generated plasma is directly applied to the substrate.
- the method for producing a film according to the first aspect which is a step of irradiating the film
- the frequency is 10 to 100 megahertz
- the voltage is 60 to 1 million volts
- the high voltage electrode of the discharge tube is energized, or one of the two counter electrodes is applied.
- the discharge tube used for a process (A) consists of an inorganic dielectric material, an organic polymer, or a metal, The manufacturing method of the film
- the method for producing a film according to the third aspect wherein the two counter electrodes used in the step (A) are made of a plate dielectric or a plate metal,
- the plate dielectric used in the step (A) is made of an inorganic dielectric material or an organic polymer, and the method for producing a film according to the fifth aspect,
- the plasma generating gas used in the step (A) is helium, argon, krypton, xenon, hydrogen, nitrogen
- a method for producing the membrane according to claim in the step (A), the method for producing a film according to any one of the first aspect to the eighth aspect, wherein the plasma is irradiated while heating the film on the substrate.
- a method for changing a crystal structure of a constituent material of a film including the step (A) according to any one of the first to ninth aspects
- a plasma generator used in the film manufacturing method of step (A) according to any one of the first aspect to the ninth aspect As a twelfth aspect, the electronic device is manufactured through the step (A) described in any one of the first aspect to the ninth aspect.
- the film manufacturing method of the present invention only the portion where the plasma particles collide with the film can be gradually crystallized in the plasma irradiation apparatus (plasma annealing apparatus).
- plasma irradiation apparatus plasma annealing apparatus
- atmospheric pressure plasma thermal non-equilibrium type plasma
- the plasma density can be controlled by the frequency and voltage of the power supply to be applied or the gas concentration of the plasma generating gas, and the degree of crystallization and the crystallization time can be controlled by controlling them.
- crystallization can be performed while controlling at low temperature.
- the film manufacturing method of the present invention by using a high purity gas, for example, in a film where oxidation is a problem, the oxygen concentration around the irradiation region where the plasma is irradiated to the film of the substrate is extremely low. It becomes possible to keep. As a result, the film irradiated with plasma can be converted into a high-quality film with uniform crystal grain size and surface roughness, with uniform surface orientation, without the influence of oxygen. .
- the film manufacturing method of the present invention since a highly airtight chamber or the like for keeping the entire substrate in a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere is not required, the configuration of the plasma irradiation apparatus (plasma annealing apparatus) is simplified and the cost is reduced. As well as being able to achieve light weight and downsizing, the labor required for maintenance can be greatly reduced, and the running cost can be reduced and the productivity can be improved. Of course, when oxygen is disliked, it is possible to perform gas replacement using a highly airtight chamber, but even in that case, a conventional high vacuum chamber is not required.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an apparatus using a discharge tube, which is a plasma irradiation apparatus used in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a plasma irradiation apparatus used in the present invention and using a plate electrode (counter electrode).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the plasma discharge spectrum.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of Raman spectrum measurement of an amorphous silicon film formed by CVD.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of Raman spectrum measurement of a film obtained by plasma-irradiating an amorphous silicon film formed by CVD with the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the Raman spectrum measurement results of the film before and after plasma irradiation, and is an explanatory diagram showing the verification results of the present invention from these differences.
- a film manufacturing method targeted by the present invention provides the following plasma annealing method and apparatus used therefor. That is, the film manufacturing method of the present invention is characterized by changing the crystal structure of the film by irradiating the film formed on the substrate with atmospheric pressure plasma. (Annealing apparatus) can be used.
- a stage on which a substrate on which a film is formed is placed, and a discharge tube or a high-voltage flat plate electrode (counter electrode) for irradiating plasma toward the substrate are installed on the stage.
- a high frequency high voltage is applied while flowing a plasma generating gas through the discharge tube.
- the plasma generating gas is retained between the substrate on which the film is formed and the flat plate electrode to increase the plasma. It is characterized by being formed in the vicinity of atmospheric pressure.
- the plasma is not particularly limited, but glow discharge is desirable for stable annealing.
- a film manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings together with a plasma irradiation apparatus (plasma annealing apparatus).
- plasma irradiation apparatus plasma annealing apparatus
- the present embodiment is specifically described for better understanding of the gist of the invention, and does not limit the invention unless otherwise specified.
- a method of converting an amorphous silicon film on a substrate into a polysilicon film by a CVD method is illustrated, but of course, the manufacturing method of the present invention is an object.
- the film to be used is not limited to a silicon film.
- the present invention is a film manufacturing method including the step (A) of irradiating a film on a substrate with atmospheric pressure plasma, and changing a crystal structure of a constituent material of the film.
- Atmospheric pressure plasma refers to plasma generated under atmospheric pressure (760 Torr). However, when the plasma is generated under atmospheric pressure, the pressure in the system may change due to the inflow and discharge of the plasma generating gas, and may change from 760 Torr up and down by about 100 Torr.
- the constituent material of the film refers to a component that forms the film, for example, silicon (silicon) in the case of an amorphous silicon film.
- changing the crystal structure of the constituent material of the film means changing the crystal structure of the silicon from amorphous silicon to polysilicon, for example.
- metal oxides, metal sulfides, dopant-containing silicon, compound semiconductors, and the like can be used as constituents of the film.
- the metal oxide include silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, nickel oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, and cobalt oxide.
- Examples of the metal sulfide include zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, titanium sulfide, cobalt sulfide, and iron sulfide.
- Examples of the dopant-containing silicon include silicon doped with boron or phosphorus.
- Examples of the compound semiconductor include gallium arsenide, aluminum gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, and gallium nitride.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a plasma irradiation apparatus (plasma annealing apparatus) used in the present invention, and is a schematic view of a plasma jet annealing apparatus using a discharge tube.
- the plasma annealing refers to a plasma irradiation process that is performed, for example, while changing the crystal of amorphous silicon into polysilicon.
- a plasma irradiation (plasma annealing) apparatus 5 includes a stage 4 on which a substrate 3 coated with a film as a workpiece is placed, and a discharge tube 1 that irradiates plasma toward the substrate 3. , Provided on the stage 4 with a space.
- a power source 2 is connected to the high voltage electrode 1-a provided at the tip of the discharge tube 1.
- the stage 4 is configured to be movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction within the plane of the stage 4 by the stage moving means.
- the plasma irradiation position is fixed, and the entire surface of the substrate 1 placed on the stage 4 can be irradiated with the plasma by moving the stage 4 in a plane in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. It has a structure. In some cases, irradiation may be performed by moving three-dimensionally in the Z-axis direction which is perpendicular to the stage 4 in addition to the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- plasma is jetted from the tip of the discharge tube.
- the plasma has a plasma particle temperature necessary for converting a film formed on one surface of the substrate 1, for example, an amorphous silicon film into a polysilicon film.
- the plasma density can be controlled by controlling the voltage and frequency of the power source 2 connected to the high voltage electrode 1-a of the discharge tube and the gas flow rate of the plasma generating gas as plasma parameters. Thereby, the state of the film can be freely changed.
- the processing time plasma irradiation time
- the plasma density can be changed by changing the installation height of the discharge tube 1 of the plasma irradiation device (plasma annealing device) 5.
- the discharge tube 1 used in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is not particularly limited.
- a dielectric such as glass
- a high voltage electrode 1-a is installed at the tip of the discharge tube to supply power 2.
- a plasma jet can be generated easily.
- the plasma to be generated is a dielectric barrier type plasma, so that it becomes a thermal non-equilibrium plasma, thereby suppressing an increase in ambient temperature.
- a plasma irradiation apparatus plasma annealing apparatus
- it can be formed using a counter plate electrode as shown in FIG.
- the plasma jet type apparatus as shown in FIG. 1 is basically suitable for causing a local structural change, but is not suitable for a large area process. For this reason, a large area process is attained by using the apparatus which produces
- FIG. 2 shows a plasma generation apparatus using a counter plate electrode.
- the distance between the counter electrodes 6 can be used as one parameter to change the plasma density.
- the high voltage electrode 8 is normally connected to the upper electrode 6 a
- the power supply 7 is connected to the high voltage electrode 8
- the ground is connected to the lower electrode 6 b, but it is not particularly necessary to connect the ground.
- a plasma generating gas is caused to flow between the counter electrodes 6.
- a gas chamber is preferably used in order to avoid unstable plasma generation due to the gas flow.
- it is not necessary to use a reduced pressure state and plasma in various states is generated from atmospheric pressure to reduced pressure. be able to.
- the film formed on the substrate is placed between the electrodes and subjected to plasma treatment for a predetermined time.
- the present invention applies high voltage electricity at a low frequency while flowing a plasma generating gas in a discharge tube in which a high voltage electrode is attached to a metal tube or an insulator tube under a pressure of atmospheric pressure (near atmospheric pressure).
- a plasma generating gas in which a high voltage electrode is attached to a metal tube or an insulator tube under a pressure of atmospheric pressure (near atmospheric pressure).
- atmospheric pressure near atmospheric pressure
- a ground may be attached before and after the high voltage electrode (keep a distance that does not contact the high voltage electrode, and a distance that does not cause arc discharge).
- the atmosphere can be grounded like a metal tube.
- the material of the nozzle part of the discharge tube used for plasma discharge is composed of simple elements included in Groups 4 to 14 of the periodic table or their compounds, and a high voltage electrode is connected to this, and the ground side is the atmosphere.
- an ionized gas and a radical gas generated by applying a low-frequency high voltage while flowing a gas can be used.
- the plasma irradiation apparatus is not particularly required to be a plasma jet (FIG. 1) radiated from a pencil-shaped nozzle, and an alternating electric field is applied to two opposing plate electrodes, and a gas (plasma) that can be a plasma gas in this gap.
- Gas for generation Although it is not particularly limited, it is possible to generate a stable atmospheric pressure plasma by flowing, for example, helium gas (see below), etc., and processing can be performed by leaving a processing substrate in this gap. (FIG. 2).
- This device has a structure in which two flat dielectrics or flat metals face each other, a high voltage electrode is connected to one of them, and the other is connected to the ground without connecting a ground, or is connected to a ground electrode. Then, two plate dielectrics or metal plates are placed in the atmospheric pressure, and a high voltage is applied at a low frequency to convert the introduced gas (plasma generating gas) into a plasma, thereby converting the obtained plasma into a processing substrate. Can be irradiated. Alternatively, two plate dielectrics or metal plates are placed in a decompression vessel, the introduced gas is flowed after decompression, and the introduced gas is turned into plasma by applying a high voltage at a low frequency under a low gas pressure. Can also be used as a processing substrate.
- the shape of the electrode is not particularly limited, but in order to stabilize the discharge, it is preferable to use a material that can concentrate the electric field as much as possible, such as a copper mesh. This is to prevent abnormal discharge from a specific weak point on the electrode surface, and is important for maintaining stable glow discharge at a pressure near atmospheric pressure.
- an electrode material an inorganic dielectric material, an organic polymer, and a metal can be used regardless of whether a discharge tube or a counter electrode is used.
- any metal tube or metal electrode in which a gas flow path is formed such as aluminum, stainless steel, copper, iron, brass or the like, can be used.
- the organic polymer as the insulator is not particularly limited, but general-purpose plastic, engineering plastic, super engineering plastic, and the like can be used.
- General-purpose plastics include polyethylene (high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene), polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin (ABS resin), and acrylonitrile styrene resin (AS). Resin), acrylic resin, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like.
- the engineering plastic is not particularly limited.
- polyamide polyamide, nylon, polyacetal, polycarbonate, modified polyphenylene ether (m-PPE, modified PPE), polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate glass resin (PET). -G), cyclic polyolefin, glass fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (FRP) and the like.
- the super engineering plastic is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, amorphous polyarylate, liquid crystal polyester, polyetheretherketone, polyamideimide, polyimide, and polyamide.
- an inorganic dielectric material can be used as the insulator.
- these include, but are not limited to, glass, silicon, zirconia, ceramics, alumina, titania, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and the like.
- AC high voltage power supply is used as the power supply necessary for plasma generation.
- AC indicates a frequency of 10 Hz to 100 MHz, preferably 50 Hz to 100 kHz, more preferably 5 kHz to 20 kHz.
- the AC voltage can generate plasma in the range of 60 to 1,000,000 V, preferably 1,000 to 20,000 V, more preferably 5,000 to 10,000 V.
- the plasma irradiation time for the film on the substrate is usually several minutes to several hours. For example, plasma irradiation for about 5 minutes to 24 hours, 5 minutes to 10 hours, 10 minutes to 2 hours, or 20 minutes to 1 hour is performed. It can be carried out.
- the film on the substrate can be irradiated with plasma at room temperature (about 20 ° C.), but it is also possible to irradiate the plasma while heating the substrate, that is, heating the film.
- the heating temperature is about 50 to 450 ° C., or about 100 to 250 ° C.
- the plasma generating gas used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but any gas that can be ionized can be used.
- the gas introduced into the discharge tube or between the flat plate electrodes as a plasma generating gas is a group 18 element (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon). ), Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide), nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide), ammonia, halogen, hydrogen halide, sulfur disulfide, hydrogen sulfide, water vapor, silane, At least one gas selected from the group consisting of GeH 4 , PH 4 , AsH 3 , and B 2 H 6 is used. Usually, helium gas is used for stable plasma generation under atmospheric pressure.
- helium is ionized and then forms a metastable state (metastable) when returning to the ground state, thereby enabling stable plasma generation.
- ionization of gas is possible with nitrogen and oxygen as well, but in this case as well, stable plasma can be generated by mixing helium.
- helium alone gas or a mixed gas of helium and at least one gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide gas, carbon monoxide, fluorine, and chlorine is used as a plasma generating gas.
- the mixed gas is 10 volumes or less, preferably 0.1 volumes of at least one gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide gas, carbon monoxide, fluorine, and chlorine with respect to 1 volume of helium. In the following, it can be more preferably 0.001 volume or less.
- the mixed gas does not need to be two kinds, and can be used by mixing three or more kinds of gases.
- Mixing two or more kinds of plasma generating gases can change the state of the generated plasma and its secondary product radicals, which can be observed in the emission spectrum of the plasma.
- the ionization energy of helium excites nitrogen molecules, thereby extracting energy corresponding to ultraviolet light (see FIG. 3).
- various radicals and ion species derived from nitrogen gas are generated by ionizing helium in nitrogen gas.
- the flow rate of the gas used is a factor that affects the plasma parameters, but generally the flow rate is 1 ml / second or more and can be used in the range of 1,000 ml / second or less. Preferably, it can be used at 10 ml / second or more and 500 ml / second or less, more preferably 30 ml / second or more and 100 ml / second or less.
- the form (crystal structure) of the constituent material of the film can be changed by irradiating the film with the generated plasma.
- the plasma irradiation unit is not particularly limited.
- the plasma irradiation unit is scanned by placing the film-formed substrate on the XY stage and scanning the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction while fixing the plasma jet. The binding state of can be changed.
- the shape change before and after plasma irradiation can be traced by Raman scattering.
- Raman scattering a bond derived from broad amorphous silicon is initially observed from 200 nm to 600 nm.
- the peak position is gradually shifted while the polycrystalline silicon sharpens beside the broad peak. The peak of appears.
- the broad peak of amorphous silicon disappears, and only the peak of polycrystalline silicon is observed.
- the discharge tube is irradiated with a thermal non-equilibrium type plasma using a dielectric
- the temperature of the substrate itself does not rise, so only the form of the amorphous silicon film changes, the deformation of the substrate, etc. It can be said that it is a big feature not to be accompanied.
- the change in the shape of amorphous silicon is a technique that is generally required in the semiconductor industry, it is hated that an oxide film is formed during the change in shape.
- it does not specifically limit, it is possible to suppress oxide film formation by the plasma processing in the environment which shielded oxygen, such as a glove box.
- the plasma density can be increased by using a metal tube as the discharge tube material. In this case, the ambient temperature can be slightly increased as compared with the plasma using the above-described dielectric as a discharge tube. As a result, the crystallization speed of amorphous silicon is improved.
- the movement of the irradiation unit on the XY stage limits the working time of the process, and the processing time for a large area becomes very long. Therefore, it is possible to easily convert the structure of a large-area film by generating plasma between flat electrodes using flat electrodes, placing a substrate with a film between the flat electrodes, and irradiating with plasma. is there.
- the electrode material is not particularly limited as described above, but, as in the case of the plasma jet, a structure in which a high voltage electric wire is attached to a dielectric with a conductive tape or the like and the dielectrics are opposed to each other. Alternatively, the metal electrodes may face each other as they are.
- the processing substrate is installed between the counter electrodes, but may be directly on the lower electrode.
- the plasma annealing apparatus of the present invention is cheaper than the conventional laser annealing apparatus, and does not require a high temperature as in the prior art, and can form a semiconductor film by processing at a low temperature. This is a very useful technology for plasticizing devices.
- Example 1 The amorphous silicon film formed by the CVD method was irradiated with a plasma jet by a plasma irradiation apparatus using a metal discharge tube (stainless steel tube), and the change in the crystalline state was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Film formation and plasma irradiation were performed in the same apparatus.
- SiH 4 having a flow rate of 200 sccm and He having a flow rate of 200 sccm were flowed as film forming gases into the glow discharge decomposition apparatus.
- sccm is an abbreviation for standard cc / min, and means cc (cm 3 ) per minute.
- This gas is introduced into the reaction furnace from the gas inlet and ejected to the substrate surface.
- the substrate is set to 250 ° C. by a heater, and glow discharge is performed at a high frequency power of 200 W between the substrate support pair and the electrode plate for 5 hours.
- an amorphous silicon film having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m was formed.
- FIG. 4 shows the Raman spectrum of the obtained amorphous silicon film.
- the Raman spectrum was measured at a wavelength of 532 nm using a micro laser Raman SENTERRA manufactured by Bruker Optics. From the measurement results, a broad peak was observed from 200 nm to 600 nm.
- this film was irradiated with the generated plasma at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes using a metal discharge tube (stainless steel tube) as a discharge tube in the plasma irradiation apparatus.
- the voltage applied at this time was 10 kilovolts, and the frequency was 10 kHz.
- the Raman spectrum measurement result after plasma irradiation is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 the Raman spectrum measurement results of the silicon film before plasma irradiation (10) and after plasma irradiation (11) are shown superimposed.
- the full width at half maximum is narrower after the plasma irradiation (11, the spectrum of FIG. 5) than that before the plasma irradiation (10, the spectrum of FIG. 4). It was confirmed that the crystal structure changed from amorphous silicon to polysilicon.
- the method of the present invention it is possible to provide a plasma annealing method and apparatus capable of changing a crystal structure of a film by treating a film (film) on a substrate and having excellent productivity.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a plasma annealing apparatus using a counter-plate electrode. 10 Raman spectrum of an amorphous silicon film formed by CVD. 11 Raman spectrum of a film obtained by plasma irradiation of an amorphous silicon film formed by CVD using the method of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
これに対して、レーザーアニール法は特定波長のレーザーを用いるため、レーザー光を吸収しない基材ではほとんど温度上昇が起こらない。このため、例えば膜に対して吸収を持ち、基材に対して吸収をもたない波長のレーザー光を選択することにより、基材の温度をほとんど上昇させることなくレーザーを照射し、膜の結合状態を変えることができることが期待される。
但し、レーザーアニール法によって例えばアモルファスシリコン膜をポリシリコン膜に変換する工程では、レーザー光の照射領域に酸素などの不純物ガスが存在すると、これら不純物ガスがシリコン膜中に取り込まれ、不純物の混入による特性劣化、アモルファスシリコン膜から変換されるポリシリコン膜の結晶の大きさや表面粗さの低減、面方位の均等化を阻害するなどを引き起こす虞がある。このため、レーザー光の照射領域に不純物ガスを存在させないようにすることが重要である。
しかしながら、上述したようなチャンバー内全体のガス雰囲気を制御する方法では、高価な真空チャンバー、大規模な排気装置などが必要になり、装置コストやランニングコストが高くなるという課題があった。また、基板の大きさに合わせて、基板全体を収容する真空チャンバーも大型化する必要があるため、特に大型の基板を処理する場合には、装置全体が大型化してしまうという課題もあった。
このため、一般にスポットレーザー光をシリンドリカルレンズを通し、矩形形レーザー光にしたのち、ホモジナイザーを用いてそのレーザー強度を均一にし、強度が均一となった矩形形レーザー光を無機構造体に対してスキャンさせることによって結晶化を行う手法が採用されている(特許文献2)。
しかしながら、上述したような構成のレーザーアニール装置においても、依然として高温でレーザーアニール処理を行う必要があり、さらに結晶化の不均一性という不具合を改善できるに至っていない。
1つの方法として、スリットを介すことにより、ビームのエネルギー分布の形状を矩形にできるだけ近づけて、線状ビーム内のばらつきを小さくする方法がある。
上記方法に加え、不均一性をさらに緩和させるために、強いパルスレーザー光の照射の前に、それよりも弱いパルスレーザー光の予備的な照射をおこなうと、均一性が向上することが報告されている。
この予備的照射を行うことによる効果は非常に高く、半導体デバイスの特性を著しく向上させることができる。これは、照射エネルギーが異なる2段階のレーザー光を照射することで、半導体膜の結晶化を段階的に行うことができ、従来の予備的照射を行わないレーザーアニールでみられた結晶性の不均一性や結晶粒界の生成、さらには応力の集中といった急激な相変化に従う種々の問題を緩和できるからである。また、この段階的な照射は、さらにその回数を増やし多段階とすることで、その効果をより高めることができる。
そしてこれら2つの方法によって、レーザー照射効果の均一性をかなり向上させることができる。
また、レーザー照射効果の均一性も、かなり向上させることができたといっても、十分満足であると言えるものには程遠く、生産性・性能面の双方をさらに改善できる方法が求められている。
第2観点として、工程(A)が、周波数が10ヘルツ~100メガヘルツ、電圧が60ボルト~100万ボルトで通電することにより大気圧下でプラズマを生成させ、生成したプラズマを直接に基板上の膜に照射する工程である、第1観点に記載の膜の製造方法、
第3観点として、工程(A)が、周波数が10ヘルツ~100メガヘルツ、電圧が60ボルト~100万ボルトで、放電管の高電圧電極に通電するか又は2枚の対向電極のどちらか一方に通電するとともに、前記放電管の内部に又は前記2枚の対向電極間にプラズマ発生用ガスを流すことにより大気圧下でプラズマを生成させ、生成したプラズマを直接に基板上の膜に照射する工程である、第1観点に記載の膜の製造方法、
第4観点として、工程(A)に用いられる放電管が、無機誘電体材料、有機高分子、又は金属からなる、第3観点に記載の膜の製造方法、
第5観点として、工程(A)に用いられる2枚の対向電極が、平板誘電体又は平板金属からなる、第3観点に記載の膜の製造方法、
第6観点として、工程(A)に用いられる平板誘電体が、無機誘電体材料又は有機高分子からなる、第5観点に記載の膜の製造方法、
第7観点として、工程(A)に用いられるプラズマ発生用ガスが、ヘリウム、アルゴン、クリプトン、キセノン、水素、窒素、酸素、二硫化硫黄、硫化水素、水蒸気、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、アンモニア、窒素酸化物、ハロゲン、ハロゲン化水素、シラン、GeH4、PH4、AsH3、及びB2H6からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のガスである、第3観点乃至第6観点のいずれか1項に記載の膜の製造方法、
第8観点として、前記プラズマ発生用ガスとして酸素を用いない場合、工程(A)が酸素濃度100ppm以下に保たれているチャンバー内で行われる、第3観点乃至第7観点のいずれか1項に記載の膜の製造方法、
第9観点として、工程(A)において、基板上の膜を加熱しながらプラズマを照射する、第1観点乃至第8観点のいずれか1項に記載の膜の製造方法、
第10観点として、第1観点乃至第9観点のいずれか1項に記載の(A)工程を含む膜の構成物質の結晶構造を変化させる方法、
第11観点として、第1観点乃至第9観点のいずれか1項に記載の(A)工程の膜の製造方法に用いられるプラズマ発生装置、
第12観点として、第1観点乃至第9観点のいずれか1項に記載の(A)工程を経て製造された電子デバイスである。
特に本発明で用いる大気圧プラズマ(熱非平衡型のプラズマ)の場合、周囲温度を上げることなく、照射領域の構造体の形態や結合状態を変化させることができ、即ち低温での結晶化が可能である。また、プラズマ密度は印加する電源の周波数、電圧もしくはプラズマ発生用ガスのガス濃度でコントロールすることができ、それらを制御することで結晶化の度合い、結晶化時間をコントロールすることができる。このように、大気圧中で制御されるプラズマでは、結晶化を低温にて制御しながら行うことができる。
すなわち、本発明の膜の製造方法は、基板に形成された膜に大気圧プラズマを照射することによって膜の結晶構造を変化させる点を特徴とするものであって、プラズマ照射にあたり、プラズマ照射装置(アニール装置)を用いることができる。
上記膜の構成物質として、シリコン以外にも金属酸化物、金属硫化物、ドーパント含有シリコン、化合物半導体等を用いることができる。
金属酸化物としては、例えば酸化珪素、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ニッケル、酸化鉄、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、酸化コバルト等が挙げられる。
金属硫化物は例えば硫化亜鉛、硫化カドニウム、硫化チタン、硫化コバルト、硫化鉄等が挙げられる。
ドーパント含有シリコンは例えばホウ素やリンがドープされたシリコンが挙げられる。
化合物半導体としては例えばヒ化ガリウム、ヒ化アルミニウムガリウム、インジウムリン、窒化ガリウム等が挙げられる。
また本装置において、ステージ4のY軸方向に向かって所定の線速度でスキャンさせることで、加工時間(プラズマ照射時間)を制御できる。
さらに、プラズマ密度は、プラズマ照射装置(プラズマアニール装置)5の放電管1の設置高さを変化させることによっても変えることが可能である。
放電管として金属管を用いる場合には高電圧電極のみを金属管に接続し、グラウンドは大気とする(図1)。また、放電管としてプラスチック管等の絶縁体管を用いる場合には、高電圧電極の前後(高電圧電極とは接触しない距離を保つ、またアーク放電しない距離以上はなす。)にアースを取り付けることもできるが、金属管同様に大気をグランドにすることもできる。
そして、2枚の平板誘電体又は平板金属を大気圧中に設置し、低周波数で高電圧を印加して導入ガス(プラズマ発生用ガス)をプラズマ化させることにより、得られたプラズマを処理基板に照射させることができる。或いは、2枚の平板誘電体又は平板金属を減圧容器中に設置し、減圧後に導入ガスを流し、低ガス圧下、低周波数で高電圧を印加して導入ガスをプラズマ化させ、得られたプラズマを処理基板に用いることもできる。
これは、電極表面にある特定の弱点からの異常放電をさけるためであり、大気圧近傍の圧力において、安定なグロー状放電を維持するために重要である。
通常、大気圧下安定にプラズマ生成する場合ヘリウムガスが用いられる。これはヘリウムは電離した後、基底状態に戻る際に準安定状態(メタステーブル)を形成し、これにより安定にプラズマ生成することができるためである。
一方、窒素や酸素に関しても同様に気体の電離は可能であるが、この場合もヘリウムを混合するほうが安定なプラズマを生成することができる。
このとき、プラズマジェットを用いる場合、特に限定するものではないが、膜を形成した基板をXYステージに乗せ、プラズマジェットを固定したままX軸方向又はY軸方向にスキャンすることで、プラズマ照射部の結合状態を変化させ得る。プラズマの照射対象がアモルファスシリコン膜の場合、プラズマ照射前後の形態変化をラマン散乱により追跡することができる。ラマン散乱によると、はじめはブロードなアモルファスシリコン由来の結合が200nmから600nmにかけて観察されるが、これがプラズマ照射されるに従い、そのピーク位置をシフトさせながら徐々にブロードなピークの横に鋭い多結晶シリコンのピークが現れるようになる。最終的にアモルファスシリコンのブロードなピークは消失し、多結晶シリコンのピークのみが観察されるようになる。
このとき、特に放電管に誘電体を用いた熱非平衡型のプラズマを照射した場合、基材自身の温度は上昇しないため、アモルファスシリコン膜の形態のみが変化するにとどまり、基材の変形等は伴わないのが大きな特徴といえる。また、アモルファスシリコンの形態変化は一般に半導体産業で多く必要とされる技術であることから、形態変化中に酸化皮膜が形成されることを嫌う。このため、特に限定するものではないがグローブボックス等酸素を遮断した環境下でのプラズマ処理により酸化膜形成を抑制することが可能である。
なお、放電管材料に金属管を用いることにより、プラズマ密度を上げることができる。この場合、先述の誘電体を放電管に用いたプラズマに比べ、その周囲温度を若干上げることができる。これによりアモルファスシリコンの結晶化速度は向上することとなる。
そこで平面電極を用いた平板電極間にプラズマを生成し、膜を付加した基材をこの平板電極間に設置し、プラズマ照射することによって、大面積の膜を容易に構造変換することが可能である。
この場合、電極材料は前述したように特に限定するものではないが、前記プラズマジェットのとき同様、誘電体に導電テープ等で高電圧電線を取り付けた電極で、その誘電体同士を対向させた構造でもよいし、また金属電極をそのまま対向させてもよい。
処理基板はこの対向電極間に設置するが、そのまま下部電極上においてもかまわない。
CVD法により形成したアモルファスシリコン膜に対して、金属放電管(ステンレス管)を用いたプラズマ照射装置によりプラズマジェットを照射し、その結晶状態の変化をラマン分光法により解析した。なお同一装置内で成膜とプラズマ照射を行った。
測定結果から200nmから600nmにかけてブロードなピークが観測された。
半値幅はプラズマ照射前(10、図4のスペクトル)に比較して、プラズマ照射後(11、図5のスペクトル)には狭くなっていることから、膜の構成物質の結合状態が変化し、アモルファスシリコンからポリシリコンに結晶構造が変化していることが確認された。
1-a 高電圧電極
2 電源
3 基板
4 ステージ
5 放電管を用いるプラズマジェット型アニール装置の概略図
6 対向電極
6a 上部電極 6b 下部電極
7 電源
8 高電圧電極を取り付けた上部電極板
9 対向平板電極を用いるプラズマアニール装置の概略図
10 CVDにより成膜したアモルファスシリコン膜のラマンスペクトル
11 CVDにより成膜したアモルファスシリコン膜に、本発明の方法でプラズマ照射して得られた膜のラマンスペクトル
Claims (12)
- 基板上の膜に大気圧プラズマを照射する工程(A)を含む、膜の構成物質の結晶構造を変化させることを特徴とする膜の製造方法。
- 工程(A)が、周波数が10ヘルツ~100メガヘルツ、電圧が60ボルト~100万ボルトで通電することにより大気圧下でプラズマを生成させ、生成したプラズマを直接に基板上の膜に照射する工程である、請求項1に記載の膜の製造方法。
- 工程(A)が、周波数が10ヘルツ~100メガヘルツ、電圧が60ボルト~100万ボルトで、放電管の高電圧電極に通電するか又は2枚の対向電極のどちらか一方に通電するとともに、前記放電管の内部に又は前記2枚の対向電極間にプラズマ発生用ガスを流すことにより大気圧下でプラズマを生成させ、生成したプラズマを直接に基板上の膜に照射する工程である、請求項1に記載の膜の製造方法。
- 工程(A)に用いられる放電管が、無機誘電体材料、有機高分子、又は金属からなる、請求項3に記載の膜の製造方法。
- 工程(A)に用いられる2枚の対向電極が、平板誘電体又は平板金属からなる、請求項3に記載の膜の製造方法。
- 工程(A)に用いられる平板誘電体が、無機誘電体材料又は有機高分子からなる、請求項5に記載の膜の製造方法。
- 工程(A)に用いられるプラズマ発生用ガスが、ヘリウム、アルゴン、クリプトン、キセノン、水素、窒素、酸素、二硫化硫黄、硫化水素、水蒸気、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、アンモニア、窒素酸化物、ハロゲン、ハロゲン化水素、シラン、GeH4、PH4、AsH3、及びB2H6からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のガスである、請求項3乃至請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の膜の製造方法。
- 前記プラズマ発生用ガスとして酸素を用いない場合、工程(A)が酸素濃度100ppm以下に保たれているチャンバー内で行われる、請求項3乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の膜の製造方法。
- 工程(A)において、基板上の膜を加熱しながらプラズマを照射する、請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の膜の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の(A)工程を含む膜の構成物質の結晶構造を変化させる方法。
- 請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の(A)工程の膜の製造方法に用いられるプラズマ発生装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の(A)工程を経て製造された電子デバイス。
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KR101391939B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-05-07 | 주식회사 다원시스 | 플라즈마 이온 주입에 의한 비결정질 반도체 박막을 결정화하는 방법 및 장치 |
JP2014232699A (ja) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-11 | 学校法人文理学園 | プラズマ処理装置及びプラズマ処理方法 |
WO2019065544A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-04 | 株式会社Kokusai Electric | 半導体装置の製造方法、基板処理装置及び記録媒体 |
CN110870047A (zh) * | 2017-09-28 | 2020-03-06 | 株式会社国际电气 | 半导体器件的制造方法、衬底处理装置及记录介质 |
JPWO2019065544A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-28 | 2020-04-30 | 株式会社Kokusai Electric | 半導体装置の製造方法、基板処理装置及び記録媒体 |
US11664275B2 (en) | 2017-09-28 | 2023-05-30 | Kokusai Electric Corporation | Method of manufacturing semiconductor device, substrate processing apparatus, and recording medium |
CN110870047B (zh) * | 2017-09-28 | 2024-03-05 | 株式会社国际电气 | 半导体器件的制造方法、衬底处理装置及记录介质 |
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US20130224396A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
KR20140067956A (ko) | 2014-06-05 |
JPWO2012060325A1 (ja) | 2014-05-12 |
JP6328882B2 (ja) | 2018-05-23 |
TW201239951A (en) | 2012-10-01 |
KR102192283B1 (ko) | 2020-12-17 |
US11511316B2 (en) | 2022-11-29 |
KR20190070998A (ko) | 2019-06-21 |
TWI579900B (zh) | 2017-04-21 |
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