WO2011125556A1 - 銀メッキ銅微粉及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
銀メッキ銅微粉及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011125556A1 WO2011125556A1 PCT/JP2011/057439 JP2011057439W WO2011125556A1 WO 2011125556 A1 WO2011125556 A1 WO 2011125556A1 JP 2011057439 W JP2011057439 W JP 2011057439W WO 2011125556 A1 WO2011125556 A1 WO 2011125556A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/20—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silver-plated copper fine powder and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a silver-plated copper fine powder useful for conductive pastes for through holes, via holes, MLCC internal electrodes and external electrodes, and a method for producing the same.
- Silver-plated copper fine powder with a silver layer coated on it is processed into a conductive paste and applied to circuit formation of printed wiring boards using screen printing methods, various electrical contacts, etc., and used as a material for ensuring electrical continuity Has been.
- silver-plated copper fine powder is more excellent in electrical conductivity than copper fine powder when compared with normal copper fine powder that does not cover the surface with a silver layer.
- a conductive paste made of copper fine powder plated with silver which is superior in conductive properties, has a great merit that a low-resistance conductor can be manufactured at low cost.
- Patent Document 1 a surface treatment process is introduced before and after the silver plating reaction, and a silver layer is formed on the surface of the copper fine powder by electroless displacement plating and reduction plating.
- the silver-plated copper fine powder has excellent tap reproducibility and has the same tap density as the raw copper fine powder. Specifically, silver-plated copper fine powder having an average particle diameter of 1 to 30 ⁇ m, a tap density of 2.4 g / cm 3 or more, and a specific surface area of 0.9 m 2 / g or less is described.
- Patent Document 1 as a method for producing this silver-plated copper fine powder, the copper fine powder is washed with an organic solution on the surface of the copper fine powder in an alkaline solution and washed with water, and then the oxide on the surface of the copper fine powder is pickled in an acidic solution. After washing with water, a reducing agent is added to the acidic solution in which the copper fine powder is dispersed to adjust the pH to prepare a copper fine powder slurry, and a silver ion solution is continuously added to the copper fine powder slurry.
- a method for producing silver-plated copper fine powder is described in which a silver layer is formed on the surface of the copper fine powder by electrolytic displacement plating and reduction-type electroless plating.
- Patent Document 2 in an aqueous medium containing an additive of a natural resin, a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof for the purpose of rapidly and efficiently producing a fine copper fine powder.
- a method for producing fine copper powder by a disproportionation reaction in which a cuprous oxide is added to prepare a slurry, and a 5 to 50% aqueous acid solution is added to the slurry at once within 15 minutes to perform a disproportionation reaction Is described.
- the method for producing silver-plated copper fine powder described in Patent Document 1 is certainly effective, but if the silver-plated copper fine powder is further refined, it will be advantageous from the viewpoint of fine pitch.
- the present inventor initially anticipated that this problem would be solved if the method described in Patent Document 1 was applied after obtaining fine copper fine powder by the method described in Patent Document 2, but silver plating was performed. It has been found that as the particle size of the copper fine powder before application decreases to less than 1 ⁇ m, aggregation tends to occur and it is difficult to obtain fine silver-plated copper fine powder.
- the present inventors have conducted filtration washing and dehydration of the copper fine powder obtained by the disproportionation reaction to form dry copper fine powder. I found it easy to progress. Then, after obtaining the slurry-like copper fine powder by disproportionation reaction, when continuously moving to the silver plating process while maintaining the wet conditions, the dispersion of the copper fine powder is maintained in the plating solution, causing aggregation. We found that ultra-thin silver plating is possible without any problems. Furthermore, when the average particle diameter (D50) of the copper fine powder was less than 0.4 ⁇ m, it was found that it was not sufficient, and it was necessary to perform silver plating while irradiating with ultrasonic waves.
- D50 average particle diameter
- D50 particle size at which the cumulative weight by laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measurement is 50%.
- the silver-plated copper fine powder according to the present invention is a copper fine powder having a surface plated with silver, and the weight of silver is 1 to 25% by mass.
- the silver-plated copper fine powder according to the present invention has a D50 of 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m and a silver plating film thickness of 0.2 nm to 0.05 ⁇ m.
- the silver-plated copper fine powder according to the present invention has a BET specific surface area of 3.0 to 10.0 m 2 / g.
- the tap density is larger than the apparent density, the apparent density is 1.0 to 3.0 g / cm 3 , and the tap density is 2.0. -4.0 g / cm 3 .
- the silver-plated copper fine powder according to the present invention has a particle diameter (D50) of 0 to 50% in the cumulative weight by laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measurement of the copper fine powder before silver plating is performed. .05 to 0.9 ⁇ m.
- a slurry is prepared by adding cuprous oxide to an aqueous medium containing an additive of a natural resin, polysaccharide or derivative thereof, and an acidic aqueous solution is added to the slurry within 16 minutes.
- Step 1 for producing a copper fine powder slurry having a particle size (D50) of 50 to 50% and a cumulative weight of 0.05 to 0.9 ⁇ m, and the copper fine powder slurry are made alkaline
- the process 2 which removes the organic substance on the copper fine powder surface by treating with the solution
- the process 3 which treats the copper fine powder with the acidic solution to remove the oxide on the copper fine powder surface, and the copper fine powder is dispersed in the reducing agent.
- Step 4 for preparing a copper fine powder slurry having a pH of 3.5 to 4.5, and by adding a silver ion solution continuously to the copper fine powder slurry, the surface of the copper fine powder by electroless displacement plating and reduction type electroless plating Forming a silver layer on the surface
- a method for producing a silver-plated copper fine powder comprising performing the steps 6 to solid-liquid separation of silver-plated copper fine powder slurry obtained in the step 5 in this order.
- the method for producing a silver-plated copper fine powder according to the present invention produces a copper fine powder slurry having a cumulative particle weight (D50) of less than 0.4 ⁇ m in Step 1 and having a cumulative weight of less than 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the ultrasonic wave is irradiated during the addition of the silver ion solution.
- step 5 ultrasonic irradiation is continued for 10 minutes or more even after the addition of the silver ion solution is completed.
- the oscillation frequency of the ultrasonic wave to be irradiated is 16 to 50 kHz.
- the present invention is a conductive paste containing the silver-plated copper fine powder according to the present invention.
- a silver-plated copper fine powder in which an ultrathin silver-plated layer is formed on the surface of an ultrafine copper fine powder having an average particle diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Step 1 Preparation of spherical copper fine powder>
- a copper fine powder having a cumulative particle weight of 50% (herein also referred to as “average particle diameter” or “D50”) is 0.05 to 0.9 ⁇ m.
- D50 average particle diameter
- spherical copper fine powder having a D50 of 0.05 to 0.3 ⁇ m can be used. This is to increase the packing density as much as possible when used as a conductive paste application.
- Copper fine powder can be spherical.
- the term “spherical” means that the ratio of the minor axis to the major axis of each copper particle is 150% or less on average, particularly 120% or less on average. Therefore, the ratio of the minor axis to the major axis exceeding 150% on average has a flat shape, which is not called spherical.
- the average of the ratio between the minor axis and the major axis is given as an average value of 20 particles or more by directly measuring the minor axis and major axis of the copper particle image obtained from the SEM photograph. The diameter of the smallest circle that can surround each particle was the major axis, and the diameter of the largest circle that was surrounded by the particles was the minor axis.
- the spherical copper fine powder itself having an average particle diameter in this range is known and can be produced by, for example, the method described in WO2009 / 001710 (Patent Document 2), which will be briefly described below.
- Spherical copper fine powder can be produced by a disproportionation reaction between cuprous oxide and acid. Specifically, a slurry in which cuprous oxide is dispersed in water is prepared, and an aqueous acid solution is added thereto to obtain a spherical copper fine powder slurry, which is produced by solid-liquid separation.
- the particle size of the obtained spherical copper fine powder can be reduced. This is because these additives have a function of suppressing particle growth as a protective colloid and a function of reducing the contact frequency between particles.
- natural rubbers or gelatins can be used. Specifically, rosin, gelatin, glue, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, dextrin, gum arabic, casein and the like are effective.
- the particle size can be reduced by shortening the addition time of the acid aqueous solution added to the cuprous oxide slurry. For example, it can be added all at once within 20 minutes, further within 15 minutes, further within 3 minutes, and even within 1 minute.
- the slurry of spherical copper fine powder obtained by a wet method is preferably used as it is in the silver plating step without being dried. This is because the step of once filtering or drying the spherical copper fine powder can be omitted, and the copper fine powder can be connected to the step 2 without being exposed to the air, and the progress of oxidation can be prevented. Moreover, it is because it is easy to ensure the dispersibility of copper fine powder and can suppress aggregation by performing silver plating continuously on wet conditions.
- Step 2 Alkali treatment of copper fine powder>
- the copper fine powder is treated with an alkaline solution to remove organic substances on the surface of the copper fine powder.
- the alkaline solution is not particularly limited as long as it is an alkaline solution that can reliably remove organic substances adhering to the copper fine powder surface.
- sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium phosphate An aqueous solution may be mentioned. Among these, when stronger basicity is required for hydrolysis or the like, it is preferable to use an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.
- an alkaline solution having a concentration of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass can be used in an amount of 50 to 500 ml with respect to 100 g of copper powder.
- a specific method for the alkali treatment is not particularly limited as long as the copper fine powder and the alkaline solution are sufficiently contacted.
- a certain time for example, 10 ( ⁇ 20 minutes)
- the method of stirring is simple and reliable.
- the liquid temperature may be room temperature. It is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing oxidation of copper fine powder that the copper fine powder slurry produced by the wet method is used as it is in the step 2 without making it dry.
- ⁇ Process 3 Pickling treatment of copper fine powder>
- the copper fine powder is treated with an acidic solution to remove oxides on the surface of the copper fine powder.
- the acidic solution is not particularly limited as long as it can reliably remove the copper oxide on the surface of the copper fine powder, and examples thereof include sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid-chromic acid, and sulfuric acid-hydrochloric acid.
- sulfuric acid is preferable because it is used at the time of producing copper fine powder in the previous step and is available at a relatively low cost. It should be noted that the acid type and concentration to be selected should not excessively dissolve the copper fine copper itself.
- the pH of this acidic solution is desirably in the acidic range of 2.0 to 5.0. If the pH exceeds 5.0, the oxide of the copper fine powder cannot be sufficiently dissolved and removed, and if the pH is lower than 2.0, the copper powder is dissolved and the aggregation of the copper fine powder itself easily proceeds.
- a specific method of pickling treatment is not particularly limited as long as the copper fine powder and the acidic solution are sufficiently contacted.
- the copper fine powder is dispersed in the acidic solution and then stirred for a certain time. Is simple and reliable.
- the alkaline solution is separated from the copper fine powder by decantation treatment, and then washed with water by decantation treatment as appropriate, and then the copper fine powder slurry dispersed in water is used in Step 3.
- Decantation treatment is also called a gradient method, which means an operation in which a liquid containing a precipitate is allowed to stand and a solid matter is allowed to settle, and then the container is gently tilted and only the supernatant liquid is poured away. Thereby, it becomes possible to shift to the next step (here, from step 2 to step 3) without bringing the copper fine powder into contact with the atmosphere.
- Step 4 Dispersion of copper fine powder in reducing agent> After step 3, a copper fine powder slurry having a pH of 3.5 to 4.5 in which the copper fine powder is dispersed in a reducing agent is prepared.
- a specific method for dispersing there is a method of stirring the copper fine powder in the reducing agent for a certain time (for example, 10 to 20 minutes).
- the liquid temperature may be room temperature.
- various reducing agents can be used.
- a preferred reducing agent is a weak reducing agent.
- a weak reducing agent that can be used in the present invention is a reducing organic compound.
- examples of such a reducing agent include carbohydrates, polyvalent carboxylic acids and salts thereof, and aldehydes. Specific examples include glucose (glucose), malonic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, sodium potassium tartrate (Rochelle salt), formalin and the like.
- sodium potassium tartrate (Rochelle salt) is preferable. Since it has a mild reducing action, it is often used as a reducing agent when performing electroless plating of silver.
- a reducing agent aqueous solution having a concentration of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass can be used with respect to 100 g of copper powder.
- a preferred pH is 3.7 to 4.3.
- the pH can be adjusted appropriately with acid or alkali.
- the acid is not particularly limited as long as it is an acidic solution that can reliably remove the copper oxide on the surface of the copper fine powder.
- sulfuric acid hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid -Chromic acid, sulfuric acid-hydrochloric acid.
- sulfuric acid is preferable because it is used in the copper fine powder of the previous step and is available at a relatively low cost.
- the alkali is not particularly limited as long as it is an alkaline solution that can reliably remove organic substances adhering to the copper fine powder surface.
- potassium hydroxide is preferable when stronger basicity is required for hydrolysis or the like.
- step 3 the acidic solution is separated from the copper fine powder by decantation treatment, and then appropriately washed with water by decantation treatment and then dispersed in water. It is preferred to use the slurry in step 4 in order to avoid contact with the atmosphere as well.
- ⁇ Step 5 Formation of silver layer>
- a silver layer is formed on the surface of the copper fine powder by electroless displacement plating and reduction type electroless plating.
- the silver ion solution may be any known solution as a silver plating solution, but a silver nitrate solution is preferable.
- the silver nitrate concentration can be 20 to 300 g / L, preferably 50 to 100 g / L.
- the silver nitrate solution is preferably provided as an ammoniacal silver nitrate solution because complex formation is easy and relatively inexpensive.
- the liquid temperature may be room temperature.
- the speed of the silver ion solution added to the copper fine powder slurry is 200 mL / min or less, preferably 100 mL / min or less.
- the addition time of the silver ion solution can be set to 10 to 60 minutes in accordance with the silver plating coating amount, and is preferably set so that the addition is completed in 20 to 40 minutes. If the addition of the silver ion solution is fast, there is a concern that the silver coating becomes non-uniform and the variation among particles becomes large. Further, when the addition of the silver ion solution is slow, there is no problem in the reaction, but the time required for the process becomes long, which is disadvantageous economically. As a result, when the silver plating coating amount is large, the silver ion solution addition rate is high, and conversely, when the silver plating coating amount is small, the silver ion solution addition rate is low.
- the particle size of the copper fine powder before silver plating is 0.4 ⁇ m or more, a thin silver plating film can be obtained without irradiating ultrasonic waves at the time of silver plating. Aggregation is likely to occur at the time of plating, and silver plating must be performed while irradiating with ultrasonic waves in order to obtain fine and uniform silver-plated copper fine powder. If the oscillation frequency of the ultrasonic wave is too low, the effect is insufficient. On the other hand, if it is too high, the silver plating film is difficult to grow into copper powder, and therefore it is preferably 16 to 50 kHz, more preferably 25 to 45 kHz. From the viewpoint of preventing aggregation, it is desirable to continue irradiation for 10 minutes or more, preferably 20 minutes or more, for example, 10 to 40 minutes after the addition of ultrasonic waves during addition of the silver ion solution.
- Silver-plated spherical copper fine powder is obtained by solid-liquid separation of the silver-plated copper fine powder slurry obtained in step 5 by any known means.
- the solid-liquid separation method include a method in which the plating solution and silver-plated spherical copper fine powder are separated by decantation treatment, and then the silver-plated spherical copper fine powder is dispersed in water and washed, followed by filtration and drying. .
- the silver-plated spherical copper fine powder obtained by the above method can have the following characteristics.
- the silver-plated spherical copper fine powder according to the present invention has a silver thickness of 0.1 nm to 0.2 ⁇ m, preferably 0.2 nm to 0.05 ⁇ m, for example, 0.01 to 0.05 ⁇ m. is there.
- the weight of silver is 1 to 25% by mass.
- the filler for electrically conductive paste excellent in electroconductivity and oxidation resistance is obtained.
- the content is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 2 to 15% by mass.
- the weight ratio of silver contained in the silver-plated spherical copper fine powder is measured with an ICP emission spectroscopic analyzer.
- the silver-plated copper fine powder according to the present invention has a particle diameter (D50) of 50% cumulative weight by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement of less than 1 ⁇ m, typically 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 0 .9 ⁇ m or less.
- D50 particle diameter
- the D50 of the silver-plated spherical copper fine powder is preferably 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 0.3 ⁇ m. D50 measured here is the average particle size of the secondary particles.
- the silver-plated copper fine powder according to the present invention has a BET specific surface area of 1.0 to 10.0 m 2 / g.
- a BET specific surface area of 1.0 to 10.0 m 2 / g.
- the silver-plated copper fine powder according to the present invention has a tap density larger than an apparent density, an apparent density of 1.0 to 3.0 g / cm 3 , and a tap density of 2.0 to 4. 0 g / cm 3 .
- a powder having a higher tap density is advantageous because it can increase the packing density during paste production and firing.
- the tap density is preferably 2.5 to 4.0 g / cm 3 , more preferably 3.0 to 4.0 g / cm 3 .
- the apparent density is measured by the method of JISZ2504.
- the tap density is measured by the method of JISZ2512.
- a conductive paste can be produced by adding a resin and a solvent to the silver-plated copper fine powder according to the present invention and kneading it into a paste. Since this conductive paste has a dense interface between copper and silver, it is excellent in conductivity (volume specific resistance value (specific resistance value)).
- Example 1 (no ultrasonic irradiation) 8 g of gum arabic was dissolved in 7 liters of pure water, 1000 g of cuprous oxide was added and suspended while stirring, and the cuprous oxide slurry was kept at 7 ° C.
- the concentration of cuprous oxide in the slurry is about 143 g / L, and the concentration of gum arabic in the slurry is about 1.14 g / L.
- 2000 cc of dilute sulfuric acid (concentration 24 mass%: 9 N, molar ratio (acid aqueous solution / slurry): 1.3) maintained at 7 ° C. was added over 16 minutes with stirring, and stirring was continued for 10 minutes after the addition was completed. Continued.
- the stirring speed was 500 rpm and no ultrasonic irradiation was performed. It was confirmed by FE-SEM observation that the produced copper powder was spherical. A portion of the produced spherical copper powder slurry was sampled, and the average particle size (D50) was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model SALD-2100). The average particle size was 0.79 ⁇ m. The yield of spherical copper fine powder is estimated to be 440 g.
- quaternary decantation treatment was performed, and 2200 mL of 1% sodium potassium tartrate solution was added and stirred for several minutes to form a copper slurry.
- a dilute sulfuric acid or potassium hydroxide solution was added to the copper slurry to adjust the pH of the copper slurry to 3.5 to 4.5.
- Substitution reaction treatment while adding 880 mL of silver nitrate ammonia solution (added 77.0 g of silver nitrate to water and adjusting to 880 mL) to copper slurry with adjusted pH, slowly adding over 30 minutes. Then, a reduction reaction treatment was performed, and stirring was further performed for 30 minutes to obtain a slurry of silver-plated copper fine powder.
- the fifth decantation process was performed, 3500 mL of pure water was added, and it stirred for several minutes. Further, a sixth decantation treatment was performed, 3500 mL of pure water was added, and the mixture was stirred for several minutes. Then, the silver-plated copper fine powder and the solution were separated by suction filtration, and the silver-plated copper fine powder was dried at a temperature of 90 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the silver-plated spherical copper fine powder was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus (model SALD-2100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and found to be 0.85 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 (without ultrasonic irradiation) 8 g of glue was dissolved in 7 liters of pure water, 1000 g of cuprous oxide was added and suspended while stirring, and the cuprous oxide slurry was kept at 7 ° C.
- the cuprous oxide concentration in the slurry is about 143 g / L
- the glue concentration in the slurry is about 1.14 g / L.
- 2000 cc of dilute sulfuric acid concentration 24 mass%: 9 N, molar ratio (acid aqueous solution / slurry): 1.3
- a portion of the produced spherical copper powder slurry was sampled, and the average particle size (D50) was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model SALD-2100).
- the average particle size was 0.53 ⁇ m.
- the yield of spherical copper fine powder is estimated to be 440 g.
- silver plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the average particle size (D50) of the silver-plated spherical copper fine powder was 0.68 ⁇ m as measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model SALD-2100).
- spherical copper fine powder By obtaining spherical copper fine powder by disproportionation reaction, filtering and washing the spherical copper fine powder, and continuously silver plating in the slurry state without suction dehydration, it is almost the same as the spherical copper fine powder which is the original powder efficiently Silver-plated spherical copper fine powder having the same particle size (about 128% with respect to the original powder) can be obtained.
- the apparent density was 2.08 g / cm 3
- the tap density was 2.79 g / cm 3
- the BET specific surface area was 3.96 m 2 / g.
- the mass% of silver was 10.1 mass%.
- Example 3 (with ultrasonic irradiation) 8 g of glue was dissolved in 7 liters of pure water, 1000 g of cuprous oxide was added and suspended while stirring, and the cuprous oxide slurry was kept at 7 ° C.
- the cuprous oxide concentration in the slurry is about 143 g / L
- the glue concentration in the slurry is about 1.14 g / L.
- 2000 cc of dilute sulfuric acid concentration 24 mass%: 9 N, molar ratio (acid aqueous solution / slurry): 1.3
- a portion of the produced spherical copper powder slurry was sampled, and the average particle size (D50) was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model SALD-2100). The average particle size was 0.10 ⁇ m.
- the yield of spherical copper fine powder is estimated to be 440 g.
- silver plating was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ultrasonic irradiation was performed at a total oscillation time of 40 kHz for a total of 60 minutes including a continuous addition time of 30 minutes for the silver nitrate ammonia solution and a subsequent stirring time of 30 minutes.
- the average particle size (D50) of the silver-plated spherical copper fine powder was measured by a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model SALD-2100) and found to be 0.12 ⁇ m.
- a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model SALD-2100
- spherical copper fine powder By obtaining spherical copper fine powder by disproportionation reaction, filtering and washing the spherical copper fine powder, and continuously silver plating in the slurry state without suction dehydration, it is almost the same as the spherical copper fine powder which is the original powder efficiently Silver-plated spherical copper fine powder having the same particle size (about 120% with respect to the original powder) can be obtained.
- the apparent density was 2.23 g / cm 3
- the tap density was 3.09 g / cm 3
- the BET specific surface area was 6.05 m 2 / g.
- a portion of the produced spherical copper powder slurry was sampled, and the average particle size (D50) was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model SALD-2100). The average particle size was 0.10 ⁇ m. The yield of spherical copper fine powder is estimated to be 440 g. Thereafter, silver plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The average particle size (D50) of the silver-plated spherical copper fine powder was measured by a laser diffraction type particle size distribution analyzer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model SALD-2100) and found to be 0.78 ⁇ m.
- the spherical copper fine powder that is the original powder is efficiently obtained.
- a silver-plated spherical copper fine powder having a considerably large particle size (about 780% with respect to the original powder) can be obtained.
- the apparent density was 1.65 g / cm 3
- the tap density was 2.44 g / cm 3
- the BET specific surface area was 11.06 m 2 / g.
- the mass% of silver was 9.0 mass%.
- the thickness of the silver plating was a value obtained by subtracting the average particle diameter of the spherical copper fine powder from the average particle diameter of the silver plated spherical copper fine powder.
- the average particle diameter of the raw spherical copper fine powder is about 0.4 ⁇ m or more, the surface of the ultrafine copper fine powder having an average particle diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m by continuous silver plating under wet conditions It is possible to provide a silver-plated copper fine powder in which a very thin silver-plated layer is formed. However, when the average particle size is less than about 0.4 ⁇ m, the degree of agglomeration becomes high, and it is understood that continuous silver plating under wet conditions and ultrasonic irradiation treatment during silver plating are required.
Abstract
Description
本発明に係る銀メッキ銅微粉の原材料として、累積重量が50%となる粒子径(ここでは、“平均粒径”又は“D50”ともいう。)が0.05~0.9μmである銅微粉を使用することができ、その中でも微細化を目的とする場合には、D50が0.05~0.3μmの球状の銅微粉を使用することができる。これは、導電ペースト用途として使用する時に、できるだけ充填密度を高めるためである。
工程1の後、銅微粉をアルカリ性溶液で処理して銅微粉表面の有機物を除去する。これにより銅微粉表面の防錆被膜や不純物成分を除去でき、より効果的に次工程の酸洗処理を行なえる。アルカリ性溶液としては、銅微粉表面に付着している有機物を確実に除去できるアルカリ性溶液であれば特に制限はないが、例えば水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウムの水溶液が挙げられる。その中でも、加水分解などでより強い塩基性が必要とされる場合は、水酸化カリウム水溶液を使用することが好ましい。例えば、濃度0.1~5.0質量%のアルカリ溶液を銅粉100gに対して、50~500ml使用することができる。
工程2の後、該銅微粉を酸性溶液で処理して銅微粉表面の酸化物を除去する。これにより、清浄な銅表面が得られ、均一な厚みでの銀めっきが可能になる。酸性溶液としては、銅微粉表面の銅酸化物を確実に除去できる酸性溶液であれば特に制限はないが、例えば硫酸、塩酸、リン酸、硫酸-クロム酸、硫酸-塩酸が挙げられる。その中でも、前工程の銅微粉製造時に使用していること及び比較的安価に入手可能であることから、硫酸が好ましい。なお、選択する酸の種類や濃度は過剰に銅微粉の銅自体を溶解しないように留意すべきである。
工程3の後、当該銅微粉を還元剤中に分散させたpH3.5~4.5の銅微粉スラリーを調製する。分散させるための具体的な方法としては、還元剤中の銅微粉を一定時間(例えば、10~20分)攪拌する方法が挙げられる。液温は室温でよい。
この発明において用いることができる還元剤として、種々の還元剤を用いることができる。好ましい還元剤は、弱い還元剤である。これは、銀イオン添加による置換析出により銀被膜が形成されるが、その置換反応の副生成物として酸化物(CuO、Cu2O、AgO、Ag2O)が生成し、これを還元する必要があるからであるが、銅の錯イオンまでも還元させないためである。
この発明で用いることができる弱い還元剤として還元性有機化合物があり、そのようなものとして、例えば、炭水化物類、多価カルボン酸およびその塩類、アルデヒド類等を用いることができる。具体的には、ブドウ糖(グルコース)、マロン酸、コハク酸、グリコール酸、乳酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、シュウ酸、酒石酸ナトリウムカリウム(ロッシェル塩)、ホルマリンなどが挙げられる。
還元剤の中でも、酒石酸ナトリウムカリウム(ロッシェル塩)が好ましい。穏和な還元作用をもつため、銀の無電解めっきを行う場合に還元剤としてよく用いられる。
例えば、濃度0.1~5.0質量%の還元剤水溶液を銅粉100gに対して、100~1000ml使用することができる。
工程4で得られた銅微粉スラリーに対して、銀イオン溶液を連続的に添加することにより、無電解置換メッキと還元型無電解メッキにより銅微粉表面に銀層を形成する。銀イオン溶液としては、銀メッキ液として公知の任意の溶液で構わないが、硝酸銀溶液が好ましい。硝酸銀濃度は20~300g/Lとすることができ、好ましくは50~100g/Lである。また、硝酸銀溶液は錯形成が容易で比較的安価であることから、アンモニア性硝酸銀溶液として与えられるのが好ましい。液温は室温でよい。
また、銀イオン溶液添加時間は、銀めっき被覆量に合わせて10~60分とすることができ、好ましくは20~40分で添加が終わるように設定する。銀イオン溶液の添加が速いと銀被膜が不均一になること、粒子間でのバラツキが大きくなることが懸念される。また、銀イオン溶液の添加が遅いと反応上は問題ないが、工程所要時間が長くなり、経済的に不利となる。結果として、銀めっき被覆量が多いと、銀イオン溶液添加速度は速くなり、逆に、銀めっき被覆量が少ないと、銀イオン溶液添加速度は遅くなる。
工程5で得られた銀メッキ銅微粉スラリーを公知の任意の手段で固液分離することで、銀メッキ球状銅微粉が得られる。固液分離の方法としては、例えばメッキ液と銀メッキ球状銅微粉をデカンテーション処理によって分離し、次いで、銀メッキ球状銅微粉を水中に分散させて洗浄後、ろ過及び乾燥を行う方法が挙げられる。
上記の方法によって得られた銀メッキ球状銅微粉は、以下のような特性を有することができる。
本発明においては、見掛密度はJISZ2504の方法によって測定される。
本発明においては、タップ密度はJISZ2512の方法によって測定される。
7リッターの純水に、アラビアゴムを8g溶解させ、攪拌しつつ亜酸化銅1000gを添加して懸濁させ、亜酸化銅スラリーを7℃で保持した。スラリー中の亜酸化銅濃度は約143g/L、スラリー中のアラビアゴム濃度は約1.14g/Lである。
次いで7℃に保持した希硫酸(濃度24質量%:9N、モル比(酸水溶液/スラリー):1.3)2000ccを、攪拌しながら16分かけて添加し、添加終了後も攪拌を10分間続けた。攪拌速度は500rpmとし、超音波照射は行わなかった。生成した銅粉が球状であることは、FE-SEM観察で確認した。生成した球状銅微粉のスラリーの一部を採取し、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置((株)島津製作所製、型式SALD-2100)で平均粒径(D50)を測定したところ、球状銅微粉の平均粒径は0.79μmであった。球状銅微粉の収量は440gと推定される。
この球状銅微粉スラリー440gを1%水酸化カリウム水溶液880mLに加えて20分間攪拌し、続いて一次デカンテーション処理を行い、さらに純水880mLを加えて数分間攪拌した。
その後、二次デカンテーション処理を行い、硫酸濃度15g/Lの硫酸水溶液2200mLを加えて30分間攪拌した。
さらに、三次デカンテーション処理を行い、純水2200mLを加えて数分間攪拌した。
次いで、四次デカンテーション処理を行い、1%酒石酸ナトリウムカリウム溶液2200mLを加えて数分間攪拌し、銅スラリーを形成させた。
該銅スラリーに希硫酸又は水酸化カリウム溶液を加えて、銅スラリーのpHを3.5~4.5になるように調整した。
pHを調整した銅スラリーに硝酸銀アンモニア溶液880mL(硝酸銀77.0gを水に添加してアンモニア水を加え、880mLとして調整したもの)を、30分間の時間をかけてゆっくりと添加しながら置換反応処理及び還元反応処理を行い、さらに30分間の攪拌をして銀メッキ銅微粉のスラリーを得た。
その後、五次デカンテーション処理を行い、純水3500mLを加えて数分間攪拌した。
さらに六次デカンテーション処理を行い、純水3500mLを加えて数分間攪拌した。そして、吸引ろ過することで銀メッキ銅微粉と溶液とを濾別し、銀メッキ銅微粉を90℃の温度で2時間の乾燥を行った。
この銀メッキ球状銅微粉の平均粒径(D50)をレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置((株)島津製作所製、型式SALD-2100)で測定したところ、0.85μmであった。不均化反応により球状銅微粉を得て、球状銅微粉を濾過洗浄、吸引脱水することなくスラリー状態のまま連続して銀メッキをすることにより、効率的に元粉である球状銅微粉とほぼ同一粒径(元粉に対して約107%)である銀めっき球状銅微粉を得ることができる。見掛密度は2.35g/cm3、タップ密度は3.51g/cm3、BET比表面積は1.68m2/gであった。銀の質量%は10.4質量%であった。
7リッターの純水に、ニカワを8g溶解させ、攪拌しつつ亜酸化銅1000gを添加して懸濁させ、亜酸化銅スラリーを7℃で保持した。スラリー中の亜酸化銅濃度は約143g/L、スラリー中のニカワ濃度は約1.14g/Lである。
次いで7℃に保持した希硫酸(濃度24質量%:9N、モル比(酸水溶液/スラリー):1.3)2000ccを、16分で添加した。生成した球状銅微粉のスラリーの一部を採取し、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置((株)島津製作所製、型式SALD-2100)で平均粒径(D50)を測定したところ、球状銅微粉の平均粒径は0.53μmであった。球状銅微粉の収量は440gと推定される。
以下、実施例1と同様に銀メッキを行った。
この銀メッキ球状銅微粉の平均粒径(D50)をレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置((株)島津製作所製、型式SALD-2100)で測定したところ、0.68μmであった。不均化反応により球状銅微粉を得て、球状銅微粉を濾過洗浄、吸引脱水することなくスラリー状態のまま連続して銀メッキをすることにより、効率的に元粉である球状銅微粉とほぼ同一粒径(元粉に対して約128%)である銀めっき球状銅微粉を得ることができる。見掛密度は2.08g/cm3、タップ密度は2.79g/cm3、BET比表面積は3.96m2/gであった。銀の質量%は10.1質量%であった。
7リッターの純水に、ニカワを8g溶解させ、攪拌しつつ亜酸化銅1000gを添加して懸濁させ、亜酸化銅スラリーを7℃で保持した。スラリー中の亜酸化銅濃度は約143g/L、スラリー中のニカワ濃度は約1.14g/Lである。
次いで7℃に保持した希硫酸(濃度24質量%:9N、モル比(酸水溶液/スラリー):1.3)2000ccを、5秒で添加した。生成した球状銅微粉のスラリーの一部を採取し、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置((株)島津製作所製、型式SALD-2100)で平均粒径(D50)を測定したところ、球状銅微粉の平均粒径は0.10μmであった。球状銅微粉の収量は440gと推定される。
以下、硝酸銀アンモニア溶液の連続添加時間30分とその後の攪拌時間30分を合わせた計60分間、発振周波数を40kHzとして超音波照射をしたこと以外は実施例1と同様に銀メッキを行った。
この銀メッキ球状銅微粉の平均粒径(D50)をレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置((株)島津製作所製、型式SALD-2100)で測定したところ、0.12μmであった。不均化反応により球状銅微粉を得て、球状銅微粉を濾過洗浄、吸引脱水することなくスラリー状態のまま連続して銀メッキをすることにより、効率的に元粉である球状銅微粉とほぼ同一粒径(元粉に対して約120%)である銀めっき球状銅微粉を得ることができる。見掛密度は2.23g/cm3、タップ密度は3.09g/cm3、BET比表面積は6.05m2/gであった。銀の質量%は10.2質量%であった。
7リッターの純水に、ニカワを8g溶解させ、攪拌しつつ亜酸化銅1000gを添加して懸濁させ、亜酸化銅スラリーを7℃で保持した。スラリー中の亜酸化銅濃度は約143g/L、スラリー中のニカワ濃度は約1.14g/Lである。
次いで7℃に保持した希硫酸(濃度24質量%:9N、モル比(酸水溶液/スラリー):1.3)2000ccを、5秒で添加した。生成した球状銅微粉のスラリーの一部を採取し、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置((株)島津製作所製、型式SALD-2100)で平均粒径(D50)を測定したところ、球状銅微粉の平均粒径は0.10μmであった。球状銅微粉の収量は440gと推定される。
以下、実施例1と同様に銀メッキを行った。
この銀メッキ球状銅微粉の平均粒径(D50)をレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置((株)島津製作所製、型式SALD-2100)で測定したところ、0.78μmであった。不均化反応により球状銅微粉を得て、球状銅微粉を濾過洗浄、吸引脱水することなくスラリー状態のまま連続して銀メッキをすることにより、効率的に元粉である球状銅微粉に対してかなり大きな粒径(元粉に対して約780%)である銀めっき球状銅微粉を得ることができる。見掛密度は1.65g/cm3、タップ密度は2.44g/cm3、BET比表面積は11.06m2/gであった。銀の質量%は9.0質量%であった。
Claims (11)
- 表面に銀メッキが施された銅微粉であって、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定による累積重量が50%となる粒子径(D50)が1μm未満であり、銀メッキ膜の厚みが0.1nm~0.2μmである銀メッキ銅微粉。
- 表面に銀メッキが施された銅微粉であって、銀の重量が1~25質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の銀メッキ銅微粉。
- D50が0.05~0.5μmであり、銀メッキ膜の厚みが0.2nm~0.05μmである請求項1又は2に記載の銀メッキ銅微粉。
- BET比表面積が3.0~10.0m2/gである請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の銀メッキ銅微粉。
- タップ密度は見掛密度よりも大きく、見掛密度が1.0~3.0g/cm3であり、タップ密度が2.0~4.0g/cm3である請求項1~4何れか一項に記載の銀メッキ銅微粉。
- 銀メッキが施される前の銅微粉のレーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定による累積重量が50%となる粒子径(D50)が0.05~0.9μmである請求項1~5何れか一項に記載の銀メッキ銅微粉。
- 天然樹脂、多糖類又はその誘導体の添加剤を含む水性媒体中に、亜酸化銅を添加してスラリーを作製し、このスラリーに酸性水溶液を16分以内で添加して、不均化反応を行うことで、累積重量が50%となる粒子径(D50)が0.05~0.9μmである銅微粉スラリーを製造する工程1と、当該銅微粉スラリーをアルカリ性溶液で処理して銅微粉表面の有機物を除去する工程2と、当該銅微粉を酸性溶液で処理して銅微粉表面の酸化物を除去する工程3と、当該銅微粉を還元剤中に分散させたpH3.5~4.5の銅微粉スラリーを調製する工程4と、当該銅微粉スラリーに銀イオン溶液を連続的に添加することにより、無電解置換メッキと還元型無電解メッキにより銅微粉表面に銀層を形成する工程5と、工程5で得られた銀メッキ銅微粉スラリーを固液分離する工程6とを順に実施することを含む銀メッキ銅微粉の製造方法。
- 工程1において、累積重量が50%となる粒子径(D50)が0.4μm未満である銅微粉スラリーを製造し、工程5において、銀イオン溶液の添加中に超音波を照射する請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 工程5において、銀イオン溶液の添加終了後にも10分以上超音波照射を継続する請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 照射する超音波の発振周波数が16~50kHzである請求項8又は9に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~6何れか一項に記載の銀メッキ銅微粉を含有する導電性ペースト。
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JP6549924B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-23 | 2019-07-24 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 銀コート銅粉及びその製造方法 |
TWI609381B (zh) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-12-21 | 國立成功大學 | 可在空氣中燒結高導電率奈米銀包銅厚膜膏之製備方法 |
JP6811080B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-03 | 2021-01-13 | Dowaエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 銀被覆銅粉およびその製造方法 |
WO2018062527A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-05 | Jx金属株式会社 | レーザー焼結用表面処理金属粉 |
CN106925774B (zh) * | 2017-03-16 | 2019-06-07 | 重庆云天化瀚恩新材料开发有限公司 | 一种银包铜粉的制备方法 |
TWI792540B (zh) * | 2020-09-15 | 2023-02-11 | 日商Jx金屬股份有限公司 | 銅粉及銅粉之製造方法 |
CN113814396A (zh) * | 2021-10-18 | 2021-12-21 | 苏州卡睿杰新材料科技有限公司 | 一种异质结太阳电池低温浆料用亚微米级镀银铜粉及其制备方法 |
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WO2014084021A1 (ja) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-05 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 銀コート銅粉及びその製造方法 |
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KR20120116004A (ko) | 2012-10-19 |
TW201139012A (en) | 2011-11-16 |
JP2011214080A (ja) | 2011-10-27 |
JP5571435B2 (ja) | 2014-08-13 |
KR101424369B1 (ko) | 2014-07-31 |
CN102811830B (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
CN102811830A (zh) | 2012-12-05 |
TWI468241B (zh) | 2015-01-11 |
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