WO2011074493A1 - アントラセン誘導体および発光素子 - Google Patents
アントラセン誘導体および発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011074493A1 WO2011074493A1 PCT/JP2010/072235 JP2010072235W WO2011074493A1 WO 2011074493 A1 WO2011074493 A1 WO 2011074493A1 JP 2010072235 W JP2010072235 W JP 2010072235W WO 2011074493 A1 WO2011074493 A1 WO 2011074493A1
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- 0 CC(C)(C)c1ccc(C2N=C(c3ccc(C(C)(C)C)cc3)N=C(C(CC3)=CC=C3c(cccc3)c3-c3c(c(*)c(*)c(**)c4*)c4c(-c(cccc4)c4-c(cc4)ccc4-c4nc(-c5ccc(C(C)(C)C)cc5)nc(-c5ccc(C(C)(C)C)cc5)n4)c4c3c(*)c(*)c(*)c4*)[N-]2)cc1 Chemical compound CC(C)(C)c1ccc(C2N=C(c3ccc(C(C)(C)C)cc3)N=C(C(CC3)=CC=C3c(cccc3)c3-c3c(c(*)c(*)c(**)c4*)c4c(-c(cccc4)c4-c(cc4)ccc4-c4nc(-c5ccc(C(C)(C)C)cc5)nc(-c5ccc(C(C)(C)C)cc5)n4)c4c3c(*)c(*)c(*)c4*)[N-]2)cc1 0.000 description 3
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- ZRXJUGTVUNAZCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(C)OB(c(cc2)cc3c2-c2ccccc2C32c3cc(S4OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O4)ccc3-c3ccccc23)OC1(C)C Chemical compound CC1(C)OB(c(cc2)cc3c2-c2ccccc2C32c3cc(S4OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O4)ccc3-c3ccccc23)OC1(C)C ZRXJUGTVUNAZCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEMNEGNHZREUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc2c(-c(cccc3)c3O)c(cccc3)c3c(-c(cccc3)c3O)c2c1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc2c(-c(cccc3)c3O)c(cccc3)c3c(-c(cccc3)c3O)c2c1 LEMNEGNHZREUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDYUTHUEYPYLQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)ccc1-c1nc(-c(cc2)ccc2-c(cc23)ccc2-c2ccccc2C32c(cc(cc3)-c(cc4)ccc4-c4nc(-c5ccccc5)nc(-c5ccccc5)n4)c3-c3ccccc23)nc(-c2ccccc2)n1 Chemical compound c(cc1)ccc1-c1nc(-c(cc2)ccc2-c(cc23)ccc2-c2ccccc2C32c(cc(cc3)-c(cc4)ccc4-c4nc(-c5ccccc5)nc(-c5ccccc5)n4)c3-c3ccccc23)nc(-c2ccccc2)n1 IDYUTHUEYPYLQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
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- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
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- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- C09K2211/1059—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing three nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
Definitions
- the present invention is an anthracene derivative which can be used for fluorescent materials, light emitting materials, host materials, hole and electron carrier transport materials and carrier injection materials for organic electroluminescent (hereinafter referred to as organic EL) elements and displays,
- organic EL organic electroluminescent
- the present invention relates to an organic EL element using them.
- An organic EL element has a solid or liquid light emitting layer containing a fluorescent and / or phosphorescent organic light emitting material in one layer between opposing electrodes, and emits light by applying a voltage between the electrodes. It is.
- an element having a solid organic light emitting layer is referred to as an organic EL element
- an element having a liquid light emitting layer is referred to as an organic electroluminescent element or an organic electrochemiluminescent element.
- an element in which an organic light emitting material emits light by electric energy is referred to as an organic EL element, and a liquid light emitting layer element may be included.
- a general organic EL element having a solid light-emitting layer has a light-emitting layer made of a low-molecular or high-molecular organic material having high fluorescence or phosphorescence emission efficiency at least between an anode and a cathode.
- the light emitting layer is sandwiched between a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer, and further sandwiched between an anode and a cathode.
- the anode has a large ionization potential (hereinafter abbreviated as Ip) or indium zinc complex oxide (hereinafter referred to as IZO) having a large ionization potential (hereinafter abbreviated as Ip) in order to reduce the energy barrier for hole injection into the organic light emitting layer.
- Ip large ionization potential
- IZO indium zinc complex oxide
- Ip large ionization potential
- a transparent conductive film such as abbreviated
- oxides such as tungsten, vanadium, molybdenum, ruthenium, and titanium are sometimes provided on the anode surface or mixed in the transparent conductive film material.
- a metal layer containing a low ionization potential alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or rare earth with a low electron injection barrier is used, but there is a problem that strict sealing is required because it is easily corroded by moisture.
- a normal organic EL element has a rectifying property, and when a direct current voltage is applied, holes from the anode and electrons from the cathode are transported to the light emitting layer through the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer, respectively, and are regenerated in the light emitting layer. Emits light when bonded. During AC driving, light is emitted during forward bias.
- the luminous efficiency of the organic EL element is increased by equalizing the carrier balance between injected holes and electrons. In addition, it is effective for preventing deterioration of the organic layer and extending the life of the organic layer not to accumulate carriers at the interface and inside the organic layer. Therefore, the thickness of each layer, the carrier transport capability, and the energy barrier between layers are adjusted, and an organic EL element with high efficiency and long life is produced.
- the light emission mechanism of an organic EL device using a solution as a light emitting layer is based on the fact that the radical anion of the light emitting material produced by injecting electrons from the cathode and the radical cation of the light emitting material produced by the electron removal from the anode are caused by diffusion in the solution. Collisions result in an excited state of the luminescent material and light emission. Although luminance of several hundreds to several thousand cd / m 2 has been obtained, there is a problem that the response speed is slow for use in a display because of conduction by diffusion of ions.
- the electroluminescent organic EL element has the advantage that a stable metal can be used as the electrode material, but there are also the effects of oxygen, moisture, and impurities dissolved in the solution, and side reactions with the supporting electrolyte, making it an all-solid-state organic EL element. There was a problem that the life was shorter than that. However, improvements have been made such as using an ionic liquid that does not easily volatilize as a medium or making it a solid electrolyte to prevent deterioration, making the electrode porous, increasing the surface area, and increasing the brightness.
- Non-patent Document 3 a life of white that exceeds half-6000 hours at an initial luminance of 100 cd / m 2 (Non-patent Document 3).
- a transparent anode on a transparent substrate such as glass, a hole injection layer, an electron block hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole block electron transport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a cathode, etc.
- the layers are constructed in order and are hermetically sealed.
- ⁇ Red, blue and green light emission can be easily obtained by changing the molecular structure of the organic material of the light emitting layer.
- the method of obtaining white light emission is a method of obtaining a broad spectrum by doping a yellowish orange light emitting material into a blue green light emitting material, a method of laminating two light emitting layers of blue green and yellow, or each color of red, green and blue There are a method of laminating constituent units of a light emitting layer through a carrier generation layer, a method of superimposing blue-green monomer light emission and yellow to red excimer light emission using an excimer light emitting material.
- the organic EL element can be color-displayed by applying red, blue, and green for each pixel, or by overlapping red, blue, green, and white color filters on a white light emitting element, or by blue or ultraviolet light.
- a film made of a polymer EL material or the like is formed on a light emitting element, and green or red light is obtained as a fluorescence conversion film (Non-patent Document 4).
- Low molecular materials are generally deposited by vacuum deposition, but for materials with high solubility and wet deposition properties, coating and printing methods similar to those performed with polymer materials are also applicable.
- a mask vapor deposition method is used as a pixel coating method when using a low molecular material.
- the mask vapor deposition method uses a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the mask and glass, an error in attaching the mask to the frame of the mask, the deflection of the substrate and the mask due to gravity, etc. There is a problem. Therefore, in order to improve alignment accuracy, a laser transfer method including a laser thermal transfer method or a laser sublimation transfer method has been attempted.
- the laser thermal transfer method includes a LITI (Laser-Induced-Thermal-Imaging) method (Non-Patent Document 5) performed by 3M and Samsung.
- Laser sublimation transfer methods include RIST (Radiation Induced Sublimation Transfer) (Non-Patent Document 6) performed at Eastman Kodak and LIPS (Laser Induced Pattern wise Sublimation) (Non-patent Document). 7).
- a donor film formed by vapor deposition or application of a transfer material composed of a low molecular weight and a high molecular EL material is brought into close contact with a display substrate, and laser transfer is performed for each color according to a predetermined pixel to perform thermal transfer.
- Prototypes of 302ppi 2.65 inch high-definition display and 17-inch display have been made.
- a polymer EL material with high film strength causes a problem that the film is not cut easily and burrs are likely to occur.
- a low-molecular material that is soluble and has good wet film forming properties is also added.
- a low molecular organic EL material is deposited on a donor film by vapor deposition, and the donor film deposition surface and the display substrate are opposed to each other with a small distance in a vacuum, and then the back surface of the donor film. Then, a laser is irradiated in accordance with pixels of a predetermined color, and sublimation or evaporation is performed on the display substrate for transfer.
- Non-Patent Document 8-11 In the case of a low-molecular material or polymer material that is soluble in a solvent and can be formed into a wet film, an inkjet method (Non-Patent Document 8-11), a continuous nozzle printing method (Non-Patent Document 12-13), a relief printing method (Non-Patent Document) 14) etc., it is possible to paint high-definition pixels.
- the ink-jet method is a method that can be applied separately with a low-cost apparatus even if the substrate becomes large, and generally a polymer EL material is used.
- Polymer blue light-emitting materials include fluorene and phenoxazine copolymers, polyphenylene copolymers, etc. having a large Eg of about 3 eV or more between the ionization potential and the electron affinity (hereinafter abbreviated as Eg). Used for base. Green and red polymer light-emitting materials are synthesized by copolymerizing a monomer having a small Eg capable of emitting green and red based on a blue light-emitting material. Addition of a low-molecular phosphorescent material with high luminous efficiency and introduction into a side chain are also performed.
- Polymer materials are likely to generate long-wavelength excimer light emission by heating or EL driving during the device fabrication process, and special attention is required for molecular design to suppress the decrease in color purity of EL light emission. Moreover, since the polymer material cannot be purified by sublimation, high purity is difficult. Since the molecular weight changes under the influence of moisture and impurities in the monomer, there are problems such as difficulty in stabilizing the quality depending on the lot.
- Non-Patent Document 15 As low-molecular blue light-emitting materials, Toppan Printing's Ito (Patent Document 2), Kodak's Jianmin Shi and Ching W. Tang, etc. (Non-Patent Document 15) are ambipolar 9,10-di (based on anthracene). 2-Naphthyl) -anthracene derivatives have been developed. These derivatives were used as blue light emitting layer host materials for displays such as MP3 players, personal multiplayers, and digital cameras.
- TBDNA 9,10-di (2-naphthyl) -2-tertiary butylanthracene
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- Tg glass transition temperature
- crystallization occurs at 222 ° C. or higher, and melting starts at 285 ° C.
- TBDNA can also be wet-formed by spin coating from toluene or the like.
- the molecular weight is as low as 486, the film gradually sublimates even under vacuum drying at a relatively low temperature of about 130 ° C., resulting in insufficient heat resistance. There was a problem.
- the driving method in the case of a small low-definition display with a low display capacity, the driving method was a passive matrix driving method, and the structure was a bottom emission type in which light was extracted from the transparent substrate side. .
- the display has a large display capacity such as a high-definition color television, a large current flows when dots of each pixel emit light in the passive matrix driving method. Therefore, a normal organic EL material having a Tg of about 100 ° C. to 150 ° C. has a problem that heat resistance is insufficient and long time driving cannot be performed.
- the aperture ratio can be widened by adopting a top emission method in which an organic EL element is formed on an insulating film on a drive circuit, and a transparent counter electrode is formed on the opposite side of the substrate to extract light.
- low current density driving is possible.
- the top emission method strongly enhances a specific wavelength of the EL emission spectrum by utilizing the micro interference (microcavity) effect generated between the reflective film on the transparent anode side sandwiching the organic EL medium layer and the semitransparent cathode. It can be taken out.
- higher color purity can be achieved by stacking color filters (Patent Document 3).
- the top emission method has a problem of high manufacturing cost.
- TBBPA 9,10-di (biphenyl-2-yl) -2-t-butylanthracene
- Non-patent Document 16 a material having high amorphousness and high solubility in an organic solvent could be obtained by introducing asymmetry into the molecule.
- Non-patent Document 16 an asymmetric structure is introduced in an anthracene blue light emitting material, and development of a coating type EL element using a low molecular weight material has been attempted.
- many materials have a solubility in toluene of 2 wt% or less, and even high materials are about 5 wt% (Patent Documents 5-7).
- the lifetime is short compared with a vapor deposition type EL element.
- JP 2002-324401 A Japanese Patent No. 3588978 JP 2007-080906 A Japanese Patent No. 3769934 JP 2008-124156 A JP 2008-270557 A JP 2009-33146 A
- An object of the present invention is to provide a compound for an organic EL material having a high glass transition temperature and being dissolved in an organic solvent and having a high film forming property in various printed film formation.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a composition for printing ink containing the compound of the present invention having high solubility in an organic solvent.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a donor substrate for transfer produced by applying a printing ink containing the compound of the present invention.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting device using the compound of the present invention.
- X represents a residue or a single bond derived from an optionally substituted aryl ring or heteroaryl ring.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group or A heteroaryl group
- Ar 3 is a group having 60 or less carbon atoms in which 1 or 6 or less substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl rings are conjugated to each other, or 9 or 10 position on the anthracene ring X and the substituents on Ar 1 to Ar 3 and R 1 to R 12 are hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trimethylsilyl group, carbon number of 15 or less.
- R is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- an ink composition comprising at least one or more of the above compounds in a medium that is liquid at room temperature.
- an ink composition comprising the above compound as a light-emitting dopant, and at least one host material having an energy difference between an ionization potential and an electron affinity greater than that of the dopant. Is done.
- a solid or liquid comprising a compound represented by the following formula (10) and at least one compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
- a composition of is provided:
- R is an alkyl group
- n is an integer of 0 to 3 representing the number of substituents
- a donor substrate for transfer in which a film containing the above compound is laminated on a substrate or sheet on which a layer that absorbs light energy and generates heat is formed.
- a seventh aspect of the present invention in a light emitting device including a light emitting layer containing a light emitting material in at least one layer between opposing electrodes or between an anode and a cathode, there is provided a light emitting device characterized in that at least one layer formed between the layers contains the above compound.
- the present invention relates to a light emitting dopant material for a light emitting layer which is made of a fluorescent small molecule which is dissolved in an organic solvent and can be applied to form a film and has high Tg and high heat resistance, a host material for a light emitting layer for fluorescent and phosphorescent light emitting materials, holes And an electron carrier transport layer material.
- the compounds represented by the formulas (1) to (3) of the present invention have a skeleton of 9,10-diarylanthracene having a high blue light emission color purity.
- the compounds represented by the formulas (1) to (3) of the present invention have a large and rigid substituent derived from a diphenyltriazine derivative group at one or both of the 9th and 10th positions of the anthracene ring, It can be expected to suppress the deterioration due to the dimerization of the anthracene ring due to the close proximity of the anthracene rings between the molecules due to the hindrance, suppress the concentration quenching, and suppress the decrease in the color purity due to the generation of the long wavelength excimer luminescence.
- the compound of the present invention can be used to obtain a high emission intensity even in a high concentration solution, it can be used as a wet type light emitting material for an electroluminescent element.
- the compounds represented by the formulas (1) to (3) of the present invention cannot rotate freely around the anthracene ring due to steric hindrance in which one or both of the 9th and 10th positions of the anthracene ring are large. Rotamers (atropisomers) may exist. Furthermore, depending on the positions of the substituents R 1 to R 8 , a mixture of optical isomers may be produced even if the 9-position and 10-position substituents are the same. Therefore, it is considered that the film in which they are mixed is more difficult to crystallize.
- the compounds represented by the formulas (1) to (3) of the present invention have a large rigid substituent at one or both of the 9th and 10th positions of the anthracene ring, the whole molecule becomes steric and rigid.
- a compound that enables a high Tg of 200 ° C. or higher can be easily synthesized, and is effective in improving the heat resistance of the organic EL device.
- the compounds of the formulas (1) to (3) of the present invention have a blue fluorescence caused by an anthracene ring when adjacent groups of R 1 to R 8 on the anthracene ring are not linked to form a condensed ring. Is obtained.
- adjacent groups of R 1 to R 8 are connected to form a condensed ring, for example, a benzoanthracene ring or a dibenzoanthracene ring is formed, the emission spectrum becomes longer and green or red light emission may be obtained. it can. Therefore, the compound of the present invention is also useful as a light emitting material for a full color display.
- the compounds of the formulas (1) to (3) of the present invention have an electron transporting property because they contain a triazine ring that increases the electron affinity at one or both of the 9th and 10th positions of the anthracene ring.
- the compound of the present invention further substituted with a heteroaryl group such as a nitrogen-containing oxadiazole ring, thiadiazole ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, triazine ring or benzimidazole ring has a higher electron affinity and can be used as an electron transport material. Become useful.
- the substituents on the compounds of formulas (1) to (3) of the present invention include deuterium, fluorine, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trimethylsilyl group, alkyl group having 15 or less carbon atoms, alkoxy It can be independently selected from the group consisting of groups and polyoxyalkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl and heteroaryl groups, and crosslinkable substituents.
- the energy level of the compound can be adjusted by substituting a substituent in the compound with a strong electron-withdrawing group selected from fluorine, trifluoromethyl group, and cyano group. At that time, the dipole moment is canceled by substituting with an even number of groups for positions that are symmetric with respect to the anthracene ring at the center of the molecule or symmetric with respect to the center of each aromatic ring, and carrier mobility of holes and electrons It is possible to increase the Ip of the compound and the electron affinity (hereinafter abbreviated as Ea) without causing an increase in the polarizability of the molecule that leads to a decrease in the molecular weight.
- Ea electron affinity
- Examples of symmetrical substitution include R 2 and R 6 or R 3 and R 7 on the anthracene ring of formulas (1) to (3), or R 2 , R 3 , R 6 and R 7 .
- Examples thereof include a compound substituted by a set of 4 positions or a set of positions of R 11 and R 15 in the formula (2).
- R 1 to R 8 of the anthracene ring in the formulas (1) to (3) can be substituted with deuterium to form a CD bond.
- the thermal vibration is suppressed more than in the case of C—H bond, the thermal deactivation of the excited state is suppressed, and the fluorescence intensity may increase, but conversely, the intersystem crossing to the triplet by the substitution of heavy atoms. May be promoted and the fluorescence intensity may decrease.
- the compound of the present invention to which a crosslinkable group is added is doped as a light emitting material in a host material that can be crosslinked by light or heat, and when irradiated with light or laser through a photomask, it crosslinks with the host material to form an insoluble film. Become. By repeating exposure and development for each color, a multicolor fine light-emitting array pattern can be obtained, which can also be used for manufacturing a full-color display.
- a substituent in the compound of the present invention By appropriately selecting a substituent in the compound of the present invention, high solubility can be imparted to an aromatic organic solvent, and it can be applied to an organic solvent used for printing such as toluene, xylene, anisole, and tetralin. It is possible to synthesize a compound that can be dissolved to a concentration of about 1 to 3 wt% or more, which is usually used as a printing ink solution.
- the solution viscosity suitable for the printing method can also be adjusted by mixing the compound of the present invention with a polymer compound having a high degree of polymerization and a high viscosity and dissolving it in an organic solvent.
- the compound of the present invention is suitable for coating printing methods such as letterpress printing methods, screen printing methods, ink jet printing methods, continuous nozzle printing methods and the like, which are excellent in mass productivity, and coating methods such as slit coating, capillary coating, and roll coating. Can be applied, and is effective in reducing the manufacturing cost of a large-area organic EL panel.
- the compound of the present invention can be used for a transfer method useful for producing a large-area organic EL panel.
- a light-emitting material composed of a compound of the present invention and a polymer binder such as polystyrene or polyvinyl naphthalene that maintains the shape of the film during transfer or peeling and imparts thermal transfer properties, and a low molecular hole transport material or electron transport material.
- a donor substrate is formed by applying, printing, and forming a film containing ink, and overlaid on the display substrate on which the pixel drive circuit is formed, and heated by means such as a heat bar or laser beam to thermally transfer the film and form a light emitting layer can do.
- a donor base material coated with ink composed only of a low-molecular material containing the compound of the present invention and printed is prepared, and sublimation transfer is performed while sequentially moving it on a large-area display substrate on which a pixel driving circuit is formed.
- a light emitting layer can be formed even on a display substrate having a large area.
- the compound of the present invention When the compound of the present invention is used for a donor substrate for sublimation transfer by coating film formation, it is preferable to use a compound having a molecular weight of about 650 to 1300.
- a material having a molecular weight of less than 650 may begin to sublime at a temperature of about 200 ° C. during vacuum drying of the coating film.
- the molecular weight exceeds 1300, the sublimation temperature becomes about 500 ° C., and the decomposition and modification of organic substances are likely to occur.
- a sublimation film with high composition uniformity can be obtained by mixing and applying a dopant material having a difference in molecular weight within plus or minus 10%, preferably within 5% with respect to the host material.
- compounds having different molecular weights can be mixed and used.
- a low molecular hole transport material having a molecular weight of 10% or more smaller than that of the low molecular host material or light emitting dopant material of the light emitting layer is mixed, the low molecular hole transport material in the light emitting layer on the electron block hole transport layer side
- the concentration can be increased, the concentration of the hole transport material in the light emitting layer on the cathode side can be lowered, the resistance of the film can be lowered, and the luminous efficiency can be increased.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H-NMR chart of Compound 1 according to an example of the present invention.
- the enlarged view of the NMR chart of FIG. 2A. 1 shows fluorescence spectra of compounds 1 to 3 according to examples of the present invention.
- 1 is a 1 H-NMR chart of isomer component 1 of compound 2 according to an example of the present invention.
- the enlarged view of the NMR chart of FIG. 4A. 1 is a 1 H-NMR chart of isomer component 2 of compound 2 according to an example of the present invention.
- the enlarged view of the NMR chart of FIG. 5A. 1 is a 1 H-NMR chart of Compound 3 according to an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H-NMR chart of Compound 1 according to an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 6B is an enlarged view of the NMR chart of FIG. 6A.
- the fluorescence spectrum chart measured about the film
- X represents a residue or a single bond derived from an optionally substituted aryl ring or heteroaryl ring.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group or A heteroaryl group
- Ar 3 is a group having 60 or less carbon atoms in which 1 or 6 or less substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl rings are conjugated to each other, or 9 or 10 position on the anthracene ring X and the substituents on Ar 1 to Ar 3 and R 1 to R 12 are hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trimethylsilyl group, carbon number of 15 or less.
- the residue derived from an aryl ring or heteroaryl ring which may have a substituent represented by X is, for example, derived from an optionally substituted benzene ring, pyridine ring or the like. Means a divalent residue.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 have a structure having a phenyl group or a heteroaryl group such as a pyridyl group or a carbazolyl group as a skeleton, and optionally having a substituent in the skeleton.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 15 or less carbon atoms include methyl group, isopropyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, pentyl group, octyl group and the like.
- Examples of the alkoxy group having 15 or less carbon atoms include methoxy group, isopropyloxy group, methoxyethyloxy group, 2-ethylhexyloxy group, 3,7-dimethyloctyloxy group and the like.
- Examples of the polyoxyalkylene group having 15 or less carbon atoms include a 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy group having excellent solubility in a polar solvent, which is suitable for use in an electroluminescent organic EL device.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 15 or less carbon atoms include phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, mesityl group, biphenyl group, naphthyl group and the like.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 15 or less carbon atoms include pyridyl group, bipyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, 2-t-butylpyrimidin-5-yl group, phenanthryl group, 2,4-diaryl-1, Examples include 3,5-triazin-6-yl group, carbazol-9-yl group, 6-methylbenzothiazol-2-yl group, N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl group, etc. Can be mentioned.
- crosslinkable group having 15 or less carbon atoms examples include a group having an alkenyl group such as vinyl group, trifluorovinyl group, acrylic group, methacryl group, pentenyl group, maleimide group, epoxy ring or oxetane ring at the end of the group, alkoxy group A group having silane or alkoxy titanium, a group having a thiol group, a hydroxyl group or an amino group, and the like are exemplified, but the invention is not particularly limited to these examples.
- alkenyl group such as vinyl group, trifluorovinyl group, acrylic group, methacryl group, pentenyl group, maleimide group, epoxy ring or oxetane ring at the end of the group
- R 1 to R 12 may be formed by connecting adjacent substituents to form an aliphatic ring or an aromatic ring such as a cyclohexane ring, a benzene ring, or a phenanthrene ring.
- substituent A in the synthetic reaction formula is selected from iodine, bromine, chlorine, or triflate.
- Substituent B represents a group having boron at the time of Suzuki Miyaura coupling, boronic acid, boronic acid ester of boronic acid and bis (pinacolato) diboron, or boron trifluoride salt such as potassium trifluoroboron, etc. Chosen from.
- X, Ar 1 to Ar 3 , R 1 to R 12 , and n are as defined in the above formula (1).
- Synthetic reaction formula (1) is an example of a synthetic route in the case of asymmetric synthesis using the 9th and 10th substituents of anthracene as separate groups, and a material having a low molecular weight is obtained to facilitate sublimation and vapor deposition.
- it is effective because a substituent having a small molecular weight can be selected for one group.
- the number of synthesis steps increases and the cost increases. Therefore, even if the 9-position and the 10-position are the same substituents, an amorphous material having sufficient solubility for the wet process and a high glass transition temperature can be obtained by selecting the substituents. There is no need to synthesize different asymmetric compounds.
- R 1 to R 44 are hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trimethylsilyl group, alkyl group having 15 or less carbon atoms, alkoxy group and polyoxyalkylene group, 15 or less carbon atoms
- R 1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 or 1.
- R 1 to R 8 are hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trimethylsilyl group, alkyl group having 15 or less carbon atoms, alkoxy group and polyoxyalkylene group, and having 15 or less carbon atoms. Independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted aryl and heteroaryl groups, and crosslinkable substituents having 15 or less carbon atoms.) The compound represented by these is mentioned.
- Synthetic reaction formula (2) is an example of a synthesis method by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling using a 9,10-dibromoanthracene derivative as a starting material.
- Synthetic reaction formulas (3) and (4) show an anthraquinone derivative as a starting material. This is an example of the synthesis method.
- R 1 to R 8 are as defined in the compound of the above formula (3).
- the substituent A in the synthesis reaction formula is selected from iodine, bromine, chlorine, triflate and the like
- the substituent B represents a group having boron in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, boronic acid, or It is selected from boronic acid esters of boronic acid and bis (pinacolato) diboron or the like, or boron trifluoride salts such as potassium trifluoroboron, etc.
- A is a group having boron
- B is The reverse combination of couplings with halogens is also possible.
- an ink composition comprising at least one compound of the present invention in a medium that is liquid at room temperature.
- Solvents for dissolving the compounds of the present invention include aromatic organic solvents having a boiling point of 80 ° C. to 250 ° C. such as benzene, dichlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, anisole, and tetralin, and halogen solvents such as dichloroethane, alone or in combination. Used.
- a polymer compound with a high degree of polymerization may be added to adjust the ink viscosity to suit the coating and printing process.
- high polymer compounds having a high degree of polymerization include cyclic compounds such as polystyrene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl naphthalene, poly (9-vinylcarbazole), ethylene-norbornene copolymer, and ethylene-tetracyclododecene copolymer.
- examples include olefin copolymers, poly (tetrahydrofuran), and polymers having a molecular weight of 100,000 to 2,000,000, which are used as an interlayer material or a light emitting material of a polymer organic EL device.
- the compound of the present invention When used as a light emitting dopant, it is used in an amount of 0.5 to less than 50 wt% in terms of solid content. In the case of a low concentration of less than 0.5 wt%, light emission is weak or energy transfer from the host material is not performed sufficiently, and it may not function sufficiently as a light emitting dopant. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50 wt%, the fluorescence intensity may decrease due to concentration quenching. Therefore, it is more preferably used at a concentration of about 5 to 10 wt%.
- the concentration in the solid content is about 50 to 99.5 wt%.
- the ink composition of the present invention may contain a carrier transporting material and the like.
- the ratio of the solid content to the solvent can be selected and used in the range of about 0.1 to 30 wt% depending on the film forming method and the solubility of the material.
- the Eg of the host material is used to cause efficient energy transfer from the excited state of the host material to the luminescent dopant and to obtain strong light emission from the luminescent dopant material. Is preferably more than a dopant material.
- a low molecular weight host material preferable when the compound of the present invention is used as a light emitting dopant, 2,2′-bis (4- (2,4-bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,5 -Triazin-6-yl) phenyl) -9,9'-spirobifluorene (hereinafter abbreviated as BTrSBF) and the like, but a polymer material or a compound of the present invention is used as a host material, and Eg is smaller.
- the compound of this invention and another compound can also be used as a luminescent dopant.
- transfer such as laser thermal transfer or laser sublimation transfer in which a transfer layer containing the compound of the present invention is laminated on a substrate or sheet on which a layer that absorbs light energy and generates heat is formed.
- a donor substrate is provided.
- the glass or film is used as the substrate or sheet.
- the film containing the compound of the present invention on the donor substrate for transfer can be formed by applying or vapor-depositing an ink composition containing the compound of the present invention.
- a sheet substrate whose peelability is adjusted by surface treatment is mainly used, and the shape of the film at the time of transfer is maintained, and adhesion to the display substrate during heating
- polystyrene, a polymer material having carrier transportability, or the like is added to the transfer layer.
- the pattern of the transfer layer corresponding to the light irradiation pattern can be formed by peeling the donor sheet.
- composition of the compound of the present invention and the composition of the heat generating layer between the layer containing the compound of the present invention and the substrate can be appropriately selected from materials that absorb light and generate heat according to the wavelength of the heating light source.
- Materials, metal oxides such as chromium-based oxides and molybdenum-based oxides can be used.
- a solid or liquid light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting material is provided in at least one layer between opposed electrodes or between an anode and a cathode, and between the opposed electrodes or between the anode and the cathode, There is provided a light emitting device in which at least one layer formed between the layers contains the compound of the present invention.
- an organic EL light emitting element having a solid light emitting layer As an example of such a light emitting element, a case where an organic EL light emitting element having a solid light emitting layer is manufactured will be described below with reference to FIG.
- a hole injection transport layer 3, an electron block hole transport layer 4, a light emitting layer 5, a hole block electron transport layer 6, an electron injection transport are formed on an anode 2 on a substrate 1.
- a case where the layer 7 and the cathode 8 are configured in this order will be described.
- the hole injecting and transporting layer 3 is composed of two layers of a hole injecting layer (not shown) in contact with the anode 2 and a hole transporting layer (not shown).
- the electron block hole transport layer 4 may also be used as a single layer.
- the hole block electron transport layer 6 and the electron injection transport layer 7 may be used in combination, or may be composed of either one.
- the electron block hole transport layer 4 When the balance between the number of injected holes and the number of carriers of electrons is dominated by holes, the electron block hole transport layer 4 is not used, and conversely, when electrons are dominated, the hole block electron transport layer 6 is not used. Configuration is also possible.
- the structure In order to suppress the change in chromaticity of EL light emission and increase the light emission efficiency and the luminance life, the structure should be such that the carrier balance is as equal as possible and the hole and electron carriers are not accumulated at the local interface. preferable.
- a passivation layer 9 made of an inorganic film and having a high barrier property of water vapor and oxygen is formed on the element, and further, a desiccant sheet 10 in an inert gas as necessary. Is adhered and sealed with an adhesive 12 having a high barrier property against oxygen or water vapor.
- the anode 2 When the organic EL element is caused to emit light, the anode 2 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply 14 and the cathode terminal portion 13 is connected to the negative electrode via the wiring 15 to apply light and emit light.
- an alternating voltage When an alternating voltage is applied, light is emitted while a positive voltage is applied to the anode 2 and a negative voltage is applied to the cathode terminal portion 13.
- the substrate 1 a transparent glass plate that is insulating and excellent in gas barrier properties is usually used, but a flexible substrate in which a metal foil such as a plastic film or stainless steel is insulated may be used. In some cases, a silicon substrate on which a minute driving circuit is formed or a sapphire substrate having excellent heat dissipation is used. When an opaque substrate is used, light can be extracted by making the counter electrode of the electrode on the substrate light transmissive.
- the anode 2 is made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO (indium tin composite oxide) or IZO (indium zinc composite oxide), a highly conductive semitransparent metal thin film made of gold or platinum, a highly conductive polythiophene or polyaniline system.
- a transparent conductive film such as ITO (indium tin composite oxide) or IZO (indium zinc composite oxide)
- ITO indium tin composite oxide
- IZO indium zinc composite oxide
- a conductive polymer film or the like is used.
- a typical transparent conductive film such as ITO used for the anode has an Ip of about 5 eV, and a blue light emitting material having a large Eg has a material of about 6 eV. Therefore, holes are directly generated from the transparent conductive film to the light emitting layer. When injecting, there is Eg of about 1 eV. Therefore, in order to reduce the Eg, increase the hole injection efficiency from the anode to the light emitting layer, and smooth the anode surface, surface treatment of the anode and lamination of the hole injection transport layer are performed.
- the electrode surface Ip can be increased by plasma treatment with argon gas or oxygen gas, ultraviolet irradiation ozone treatment, surface treatment with a fluorine-based silane coupling agent, or the like.
- the hole injecting and transporting layer 3 is used by laminating one or more layers with a thickness of about 0.5 to 100 nm on the anode.
- the hole injection material an organic or inorganic semiconductor material having an Ip or Ea of about 5 to 6 eV or the like is used alone or in combination.
- the hole injecting and transporting layer needs not to be dissolved by the organic solvent at the time of film forming after the hole injecting and transporting layer. Therefore, a film of aqueous poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polystyrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT: PSS), which is not dissolved in a solvent such as toluene or xylene, or a polyaniline-based conductive polymer A coating film from an aqueous dispersion of the material is widely used for smoothing the anode surface.
- an organic pigment-based vapor-deposited film such as copper phthalocyanine that is hardly soluble in a toluene-based organic solvent, or an Ea value such as hexadecafluorocopper phthalocyanine having an Ea of about 5.4 eV is equal to the Ip value of the anode and the light-emitting layer.
- a vapor deposition film or the like of the material in between can be used.
- films using vacuum deposition methods such as vacuum deposition, ion plating and sputtering of n-type inorganic semiconductors such as titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, and nickel oxide with large Ip, and films using sol-gel methods, etc. are also used. it can.
- a hole injecting and transporting layer can be formed by coating an organic solvent soluble film.
- an aromatic tertiary amine compound such as 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris [2-naphthyl (phenylamino)] triphenyl-amine and the like, which has a hole transport capability and a high film-forming property such as a starburst type A film or a coating film can be used.
- the compound of the present invention can be used because the layer is not dissolved by the solvent even when the compound of the present invention is used for the hole injection transport layer. is there.
- a material having a molecular weight of 1300 or less and a conductive oxide material having an Ip of about 5.8 eV such as titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, and tungsten oxide in the compound of the present invention, It can be set as a positive hole injection transport layer.
- a compound 30 having no substituent such as an alkyl group on the ring is used when a solvent that does not dissolve the compound of the present invention is used.
- a solvent that does not dissolve the compound of the present invention is used in the case of co-evaporating with a conductive oxide material using the compound of the present invention which is relatively hardly soluble as shown in the above, it may be possible to use the compound of the present invention for the hole injecting and transporting layer.
- the electron block hole transport layer 4 is provided between the hole injection transport layer 3 and the light emitting layer 5 with a thickness of about 5 to 30 nm, promotes hole transport from the anode 2 to the light emitting layer 5 and emits light. It has a function of preventing electrons injected into the layer 5 from leaking to the anode.
- the electron block hole transport layer 4 is preferably a low molecular vapor deposition film containing an aromatic tertiary amine having a high hole transport capability or a film made of a crosslinked polymer hole transport material that can be insolubilized in a solvent.
- the Ip of the electron block hole transport layer is between the Ip value of the hole injection transport layer and the Ip value of the light emitting layer, and no holes accumulate at the interface between the electron block hole transport layer and the light emitting layer.
- the Ip difference between the hole injecting and transporting layer and the light emitting layer is preferably less than about 0.3 eV. Further, it is preferable to use a material whose Ea of the electron block hole transport layer is 0.3 eV or less smaller than the value of Ea of the light emitting layer in order to confine electrons in the light emitting layer.
- Ea of the electron block hole transport layer is the same as that of the light emitting layer, it can be used as an electron block hole transport layer when a material having a hole mobility higher than the electron mobility is used.
- a material having a hole mobility higher than the electron mobility can be used.
- a material in which a dopant serving as an electron trap is added and the electron mobility is slower than the hole mobility can be used.
- a minimum excited triplet level larger than the lowest excited triplet level of the phosphorescent material is used to prevent quenching by the electron block hole transport layer in contact with the light emitting layer.
- a material having a large Eg is used.
- a solvent-soluble material can be used as the electron block hole transport layer.
- the compound of the present invention obtained by removing the conductive oxide from the compound of the present invention used for the hole injecting and transporting layer may be used by coating or vapor deposition.
- a film containing a fluorescent or phosphorescent light emitting material is formed on the hole transport layer with a thickness of about 5 to 100 nm.
- the light emitting layer 5 is formed of a single material or a host material is doped with a light emitting dopant material. When doped, it is more preferable because the concentration quenching and excimer emission of the light emitting dopant material are suppressed and the emission intensity is increased.
- known materials having various EL emission colors such as red, blue, green, and white can be used alone or doped in the host material.
- low molecular and high molecular fluorescent materials such as anthracene derivatives, benzoanthracene derivatives, dibenzoanthracene derivatives, styryl derivatives, carbazole derivatives, fluorene oligomers, polyfluorene copolymers, polyphenoxazine copolymers, iridium and platinum , Phosphorescent complexes containing heavy atoms such as osmium and rhenium can be used.
- the anthracene derivative compounds represented by the compounds 1 to 7, the compound 14 to the compound 16, the compound 20 to the compound 27, the compound 30 and the anthracene derivative compounds represented by the formulas (4) to (7) are blue. It is preferable as a light emitting material, and can also be used as a blue, green and red light emitting layer host material. Further, the benzoanthracene derivative compounds represented by Compound 8 and Compound 28 are preferable as a green light emitting material, and can also be used as green and red light emitting layer host materials.
- dibenzoanthracene derivative compounds represented by Compound 9 to Compound 12 and Compound 29 of the present invention are preferably orange to red light emitting materials, and can also be used as red to infrared light emitting layer host materials.
- the Eg of the host material of the light-emitting layer is preferably larger than the Eg of the light-emitting dopant material, and the overlap between the emission spectrum of the host material and the absorption spectrum of the light-emitting dopant is preferably large.
- the host material has an Ip equal to or higher than the Ip of the luminescent dopant material and uses a host material having an Ea equal to or lower, thereby increasing the probability of trapping holes and electrons in the luminescent dopant molecule. it can.
- the host material for the blue light emitting layer is preferably a material that does not absorb blue EL light emission with good color purity of about 400 to 450 nm, and Eg of about 3 eV or more is required.
- the blue host material 2,2′-bis (4- (2,4-bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazin-6-yl) represented by Compound 31 is used.
- Phenyl) -9,9′-spirobifluorene (hereinafter abbreviated as BTrSBF) or the like can be used.
- the material used for an electron block hole transport layer and the hole block electron transport layer mentioned later can also be used as a light emitting layer host material.
- a hole transport material and an electron transport material may be mixed in the light emitting layer for adjusting the balance between the electron transport property and the hole transport property.
- one or both of the hole blocking electron transport layer 6 and the electron injection transport layer 7 is provided on the light emitting layer 5 with a thickness of about 5 to 50 nm on the cathode side in contact with the light emitting layer.
- the hole-blocking electron transport layer 6 has a hole transport capability of the light-emitting layer 5 higher than that of the electron transport, and when the light-emitting region is near the cathode, leakage of holes to the cathode and diffusion of excitons to the cathode Can be prevented and the luminous efficiency can be increased.
- the material of the hole block electron transport layer is preferably a material having a large Eg that has an Ip that is 0.3 eV or more larger than the light emitting material and an Ea that is about 0.1 eV smaller and does not absorb EL light emission from the light emitting layer.
- a material having Eg of 3 eV or more is preferable.
- the electron injecting and transporting layer 7 can also be laminated on the hole block electron transporting layer 6 or the light emitting layer 5.
- the electron injection / transport layer 7 is provided with a thickness of about 0.5 to 50 nm in order to reduce the energy barrier and electric resistance of electron injection from the cathode 8 to the hole block electron transport layer 6 or the light emitting layer 5.
- the resistance of the electron injecting and transporting layer can be further reduced by doping to reduce the driving voltage of the organic EL element.
- an alkali metal such as Cs, Na, Li, or Ba having a low ionization energy
- an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, or a compound containing them is doped or mixed into the electron injecting and transporting layer by a method such as co-evaporation to form a host compound.
- the carrier density can be increased and the resistance can be lowered.
- materials for the hole blocking electron transport layer 6 and the electron injection transport layer 7 include 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives such as bathocuproine and bathophenanthroline, 1,3,5-tris (N-phenylbenzimidazole-2- Yl) benzimidazole derivatives such as benzene (abbreviated as TPBI), bis (10-benzoquinolinolato) beryllium complex, 8-hydroxyquinoline Al complex, bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinato) -4-phenylphenolate aluminum
- TPBI 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives such as bathocuproine and bathophenanthroline
- TPBI 1,3,5-tris (N-phenylbenzimidazole-2- Yl) benzimidazole derivatives such as benzene (abbreviated as TPBI), bis (10-benzoquinolinolato) beryllium complex, 8-hydroxyquinoline Al complex, bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinato) -4-pheny
- Aromatic phosphine compounds such as 1,1'-binaphthalene can also be used.
- a compound having a nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group as a substituent, or a compound such as compound 16 in which Ip and Ea are increased by fluorine substitution is selected according to the energy level of the light emitting layer, and is formed by vacuum deposition or coating. Can be used.
- the cathode 8 is usually a vapor deposited film of a metal such as Al or Ag having a low resistance and a high light reflectance.
- a transparent electrode material or the like is laminated and used on a metal cathode of about 10 nm or less.
- a layer made of an alkali metal such as Li, Ba and Cs having a low work function of 3 eV or less, a rare earth such as alkaline earth metal and Yb, or a compound thereof is formed at the interface between the cathode and the organic layer. It is good to form in thickness below several nanometers. For this reason, when there is moisture, a local battery is formed, which is likely to be corroded and a non-light-emitting spot is likely to be generated. Therefore, strict sealing is performed.
- an ionic liquid or salt is added to the cathode or the organic layer at the cathode interface to form an electric double layer at the cathode interface, thereby reducing the electron injection barrier.
- a vacuum vapor deposition method using a low molecular organic material excellent in thin film thickness controllability and uniformity is usually used.
- a single coating layer made of a polymer or a coating type low molecule having a good step coverage and a high smoothing effect there is an effect of making it difficult to cause an electrical short circuit of the device.
- Adopting a combined process is advantageous for applications such as large-area light-emitting displays and lighting.
- an electroluminescent organic EL device having a liquid light emitting layer containing the compound of the present invention having high solubility in an organic solvent will be described.
- the compound of the present invention is dissolved in an organic solvent such as orthodichlorobenzene and toluene at a concentration of 5 to 10 wt%, and a supporting electrolyte such as about 0.1 wt% LiCF 3 SO 3 is added, or 1, 1 as a cation conduction assist dopant.
- 2-Diphenoxyethane is added to form a luminescent layer solution.
- a light emitting layer solution is sandwiched between opposing electrode plates to produce a device with a gap of several microns or less, or a light emitting layer by a cover glass facing a substrate on which a comb electrode is formed
- An organic EL element is produced by sandwiching the solution.
- organic EL elements can be electroluminescent by applying a continuous or pulsed current of direct current or alternating current to the light emitting layer.
- reaction mixture was poured into water, extracted with methylene chloride, washed with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Further, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane-methylene chloride (1: 1) as an eluent to obtain 9,10-bis (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 , 3,2-dioxaboran-2-yl) -anthracene was obtained. Yield 24.1%.
- reaction mixture was poured into water, extracted with methylene chloride, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off, and silica gel was eluted with hexane: methylene chloride (3: 1).
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of FIG. 2A.
- the characteristics of Compound 1 are shown below. ⁇ Thermal analysis> The glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting point (Tm) of Compound 1 were measured by raising the temperature at 20 ° C./min using an EXSTAR6000 series DSC6200 manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo. In the first temperature increase, there is no endotherm or exotherm from room temperature to 300 ° C., and Tg in the vicinity of 300 ° C. to 330 ° C., Tc in the vicinity of 333 ° C. to 360 ° C., or two substitutions at the 9th and 10th positions.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Tc crystallization temperature
- Tm melting point
- FIG. 3 shows the fluorescence spectra of the spin coat films of Compound 1 to Compound 3 on the transparent conductive glass with ITO film, measured by Shimadzu RF-5300PC fluorescence spectrophotometer.
- Compound 1 was blue with an excitation wavelength of 330 nm and a fluorescence peak wavelength of 448 nm.
- reaction mixture was poured into water, and the deposited yellow precipitate was extracted with methylene chloride.
- organic layer was separated, washed with an aqueous sodium carbonate solution and then with water, and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
- the reaction mixture was poured into an aqueous ammonium chloride solution. Extraction with methylene chloride was performed, and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine. After drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off, and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane-methylene chloride (2/1) as an eluent to obtain 2,2- (2-methyl 2.75 g of anthracene-9,10-diyl) bis (2,1-phenylene) bis (trifluoromethanesulfonate) was obtained. Yield 80.6%.
- reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ether.
- organic layer was separated and washed with water, and then the solvent was distilled off.
- the obtained residue was washed with a mixed solvent consisting of acetone and methanol, and then hexane-methylene chloride (8/1 to 1/1).
- FIG. 4A shows a 1 H-NMR chart (400 MHz, d-CDCl 3 ) of isomer component 1 of the compound represented by Compound 2 of the present invention (CHCl 3 : 7.26 ppm, water: 1.55 ppm).
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 5A shows a 1 H-NMR chart (400 MHz, d-CDCl 3 ) of isomer component 2 of the compound represented by Compound 2 of the present invention.
- the characteristics of Compound 2 are shown below. ⁇ Thermal analysis> The glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting point (Tm) of the isomer component 1 of Compound 2 were measured by raising the temperature at 20 ° C./min using an EXSTAR6000 series DSC6200 manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo.
- the isomeric component 1 of Compound 2 is dissolved in 1 ml of toluene at room temperature at a concentration of 34 mg, and can be applied to the carrier transport layer, the light emitting layer host for each color, and the ink for forming each layer of organic EL as a blue light emitting dopant. did it.
- FIG. 3 shows the fluorescence spectrum of the spin coat film of Compound 2 on ITO transparent conductive glass measured by Shimadzu RF-5300PC fluorescence spectrophotometer. It was blue with an excitation wavelength of 340 nm and a fluorescence peak wavelength of 454 nm.
- the main component was purified by silica gel column chromatography using a mixed solvent of hexane: methylene chloride (4/1) as an eluent, and 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis ⁇ 4- [2,4- 0.23 g of bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazin-6-yl] biphenyl-2′-yl ⁇ -anthracene (15.5%: yield from 2-t-butylanthraquinone ) Was obtained with a HPLC purity of 97.1%.
- FIG. 6A shows a 1 H-NMR chart (400 MHz, d-CDCl 3 ) of the compound represented by Compound 3 of the present invention (Rf value: 0.34).
- FIG. 6B is an enlarged view of FIG. 6A.
- the characteristics of Compound 3 are shown below. ⁇ Thermal analysis> The glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting point (Tm) of Compound 3 were measured using EXSTAR6000 series DSC6200 manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo. The temperature was raised at 20 ° C./min, rapidly cooled from 337 ° C. to 0 ° C., and then again raised at 20 ° C./min. Except for showing Tg from 205 ° C. to 219 ° C. There was no peak, and it was thermally stable.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Tc crystallization temperature
- Tm melting point
- Compound 3 was dissolved at a concentration of 150 mg in 1 ml of toluene at room temperature, and could be applied and formed into a film for use in an ink for forming each layer of organic EL as a carrier transport layer, a light emitting layer host for each color, and a blue light emitting dopant.
- FIG. 3 shows the fluorescence spectrum of the spin coat film of Compound 3 on the ITO transparent conductive glass measured by Shimadzu RF-5300PC fluorescence spectrophotometer. It was blue with an excitation wavelength of 330 nm and a fluorescence peak wavelength of 453 nm.
- HPLC analysis conditions An HPLC column manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd., Mightycil RP-18GP (particle size 5 microns, diameter 4.6 mm, length 150 mm), and an eluent of acetonitrile / tetrahydrofuran (80/20) at a flow rate of 1.5 ml / min. Run and detected with UV at 254 nm, a single peak with a retention time of 23.64 minutes was obtained (purity 100.0%).
- the main peak (M + ) of 1155.72 was obtained by ESI-Ms mass spectrometry, which coincided with the calculated molecular weight of the target product (C 83 H 74 N 6 : 1155.52).
- FIG. 7A A 1 H-NMR chart (400 MHz, d-CD 2 Cl 2 ) of the compound represented by Compound 31 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 7B is an enlarged view of FIG. 7A.
- the characteristics of compound 31 are shown below. ⁇ Thermal analysis> The glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting point (Tm) of Compound 31 were measured using EXSTAR6000 series DSC6200 manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo. The temperature was raised at 20 ° C./min, rapidly cooled from 350 ° C. to 0 ° C., and then again raised at 20 ° C./min. Tg was shown from 238 ° C. to 257 ° C. In addition to this, there was no peak of endothermic or exothermic heat up to 350 ° C., and it was a thermally stable glassy substance.
- Compound 31 was extremely amorphous and was dissolved at a high concentration of 0.4 g in 1 ml of toluene at room temperature. In addition, it is easily soluble in various aromatic solvents such as xylene, anisole, 4-methylanisole and tetralin, and high viscosity cycloalcohol solvents such as cycloheptanol and cyclooctanol. It can also be dissolved in various mixed solvents that match the viscosity of various printing methods.
- aromatic solvents such as xylene, anisole, 4-methylanisole and tetralin
- high viscosity cycloalcohol solvents such as cycloheptanol and cyclooctanol. It can also be dissolved in various mixed solvents that match the viscosity of various printing methods.
- Compound 31 is dissolved at a desired concentration in a solvent having a viscosity suitable for various coating printing methods such as spin coating method, die coating method, capillary coating method, ink jet method, continuous nozzle printing method, relief printing method, gravure printing method, An amorphous film can be formed. Therefore, it can be used as a host material for a carrier transport layer such as a hole blocking layer or an electron transport layer in an organic EL device or the like, or a light emitting layer such as red, blue, or green.
- a carrier transport layer such as a hole blocking layer or an electron transport layer in an organic EL device or the like
- a light emitting layer such as red, blue, or green.
- Example 5 Ink having a composition dissolved in toluene using a carrier transporting host material BTrSBF having an ionization potential of 6.2 eV, an electron affinity of 3.0 eV, and an Eg of 3.2 eV, and a compound 2 having a concentration of 5 to 20 wt% as a luminescent dopant.
- BTrSBF carrier transporting host material
- a spin coat film of the ink was prepared on ITO transparent conductive glass, and the fluorescence spectrum intensity was measured at an excitation wavelength of 340 nm using a Shimadzu RF5300PC fluorescence spectrophotometer.
- FIG. 8 shows a case where the isomer component 1 of the compound 2 is doped into the compound 31 (the content of the compound 2 is 0, 5, 10, 20, 100 wt%, and the content of the compound 31 at this time is 100, 95, 90, respectively. , 80, 0 wt%) (excitation wavelength: 340 nm).
- FIG. 8 shows that the compound 2 (Eg is about 2.9 eV) of the present invention is doped from the host to the dopant efficiently by doping about 5 to 20 wt% in the host material BTrSBF having a larger Eg (3.2 eV). It was found that a light-emitting film that can move and suppress concentration quenching and exhibits strong blue light emission from the dopant can be obtained.
- the single film of the isomer component 1 of Compound 2 is 450 nm.
- the BTrSBF single film decreased to 64% of the initial film, whereas the film doped with 5 wt% of Compound 2 in BTrSBF retained the initial 74% of the film. Effective in suppressing photodegradation of fluorescence intensity.
- Example 6 Synthesis of Compound 31 Analogue (Compound 32) Intermediate K was synthesized in the same manner as in Intermediate Synthesis Example 1, except that 4-methylbenzonitrile was used instead of 4-tert-butylbenzonitrile. The intermediate K was used in place of intermediate A in the synthesis example of compound 31, and compound 32 (HPLC purity 100.0%) was synthesized in the same manner.
- HPLC analysis conditions An HPLC column manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd., Mytisil RP-18GP (particle size 5 microns, diameter 4.6 mm, length 150 mm), and an eluent of acetonitrile / tetrahydrofuran (80/20) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml / min. Run and detected with UV at 254 nm, a single peak with a retention time of 16.34 minutes was obtained (purity 100.0%).
- FIG. 9A A 1 H-NMR chart (400 MHz, d-CD 2 Cl 2 ) of the compound represented by Compound 32 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 9A.
- FIG. 9B is an enlarged view of FIG. 9A.
- Compound 32 was soluble at a concentration of 6 mg in 1 ml of toluene at room temperature. Furthermore, when gradually added and dissolved while heating on a hot plate, 34 mg was dissolved when the temperature was returned to room temperature.
- the compound 32 can be used as an electron transporting carrier transporting material, and can be applied to an ink for forming each layer of organic EL by dissolving in an organic solvent such as toluene, xylene, anisole, tetralin, etc. to form a coating film. .
- FIG. 10 shows a fluorescence spectrum chart (solid line) of the compound 32 and a fluorescence spectrum chart (broken line) when the compound 32 is doped with the compound 2.
- a fluorescence spectrum was obtained when the solution of the compound 32 was spin-coated on ITO transparent conductive glass at a thickness of 41 nm and excited at 340 nm (solid line in FIG. 10). The measurement was performed with a Shimadzu RF-5300PC fluorescence spectrophotometer. Blue light emission with a fluorescence peak wavelength of 424 nm was obtained.
- the fluorescence spectrum when a compound 32 was doped with 5 wt% of compound 2 to form a film in the same manner as described above was measured in the same manner as described above. The result is shown by the broken line in FIG.
- the fluorescence peak wavelength was 453 nm, and pure blue light emission enhanced as compared with the case where Compound 2 was not doped was obtained.
- ⁇ Vacuum deposition temperature> When 20 mg of compound 32 is placed in a Mobbu Bu-6 made by Nihon Bucks Metal and set in a vacuum evaporation system, and the temperature is raised while measuring the temperature with a thermocouple under a pressure of 1E-5 Torr or less, the boat temperature is 480 ° C. , The film formation rate on the quartz substrate placed 30 cm apart and above was 0.1 nm / s.
- Example 7 A method for producing a donor substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the transparent low thermal expansion coefficient substrate 16 made of Vycor glass or glass ceramic is etched to form a spacer partition wall 19 having a height of about 2 ⁇ m corresponding to the spacing of stripe lines such as blue, red, and green forming pixels on the display substrate.
- a light-absorbing film made of CrOx or MoOx (x is an arbitrary number) having a thickness of 100 to 200 nm is formed between the barrier ribs by sputtering, and the resist is removed to remove the light-absorbing layer. 17 is formed.
- aluminum is deposited to a thickness of 50 to 100 nm to form the light reflecting layer 18.
- an ink for a blue light emitting layer obtained by mixing Compound 1 having a molecular weight of 1169.5 obtained in Example 1 as a dopant material in a proportion of 5 wt% with respect to a host material composed of Compound 31 having a molecular weight of 1155.5 and dissolving in toluene. And is formed on the light absorption layer by a continuous nozzle printing method.
- the substrate is vacuum-dried at 200 ° C. to obtain a blue light emitting layer laser transfer donor base material having a blue light emitting layer transfer layer 20 having a thickness of 60 nm.
- Example 8 A green light-emitting layer ink was prepared by mixing Compound 8 having a molecular weight of 1219.6 as a dopant material in a proportion of 10 wt% with the host material made of Compound 3 having a molecular weight of 1225.6 obtained in Example 3 and dissolving in toluene.
- the donor substrate for laser transfer which has the transfer layer 20 for green light emitting layers of thickness 60nm similarly to 7 is obtained.
- Example 9 A red light-emitting ink was prepared by mixing Compound 11 having a molecular weight of 1269.7 as a dopant material in a proportion of 10 wt% with the host material made of Compound 3 having a molecular weight of 1225.6 obtained in Example 3, and dissolving it in toluene. Similarly, a donor substrate for laser transfer having the transfer layer 20 for the red light emitting layer is obtained.
- Compound 33 had Tg of 240 ° C., Tc of 323 ° C., and Tm of 403 ° C.
- ⁇ Energy level> The ionization potential obtained by the surface analyzer AC-1 manufactured by Riken Keiki was 6.2 eV, and the electron affinity obtained by subtracting the optical energy gap from the ionization potential was 2.8 eV.
- Example 11 A method for manufacturing an EL element according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- An ITO film having a thickness of 150 nm is formed on a glass substrate having a thickness of 0.7 mm by a sputtering method, and a striped ITO film pattern is formed by wet etching by a conventional method.
- This substrate is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning with an alkaline detergent, further cleaned with pure water, dried, and plasma cleaned with oxygen or argon gas to obtain a substrate for an EL element or display.
- molybdenum trioxide is ion-plated on the ITO film serving as the light emitting region to form a hole injection transport layer having a thickness of 3 nm.
- the isomer component 1 of the compound 2 obtained in Example 2 having a solid content ratio of 5 wt% as the blue light emitting dopant material and the solid content as the hole transporting material in BTrSBF indicated by the compound 31 as the light emitting layer host material The blue fluorescent ink composition of the present invention, in which a compound represented by a compound 33 having a ratio of 5 wt% is mixed and dissolved in toluene by 1.5 wt%, is applied onto the crosslinked film of polymer 1 by spin coating, and is unnecessary on the terminals and the like. The part is wiped off and dried by heating under reduced pressure for 90 minutes to obtain a light emitting layer having a thickness of about 60 nm.
- compound 31 and lithium are co-deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate ratio of 100: 4 to a thickness of 10 nm to form an electron injecting and transporting layer.
- LiF is vacuum-deposited with a thickness of 0.5 nm
- Al is vapor-deposited with a thickness of 150 nm to form a cathode.
- Example 12 The same procedure as in Example 11 is performed until the hole injection / transport layer is formed.
- a polymer 1 film is formed by a slit coat method with a thickness of 20 nm, and a 365 nm ultraviolet light is passed through a filter through a 4 W low-pressure mercury lamp in an inert atmosphere through a photomask having an opening corresponding to the light emitting portion. Irradiated for 60 seconds to insolubilize the bridge. Thereafter, rinsing with toluene is performed to remove a film of an unnecessary portion such as a terminal portion, followed by drying to form an electron block hole transport layer.
- poly (9-vinylcarbazole) having a weight average molecular weight of 1,100,000 serving as a thickener and a hole transporting polymer host material is 33 wt% in solid content
- compound 31 is used as an electron transporting host material in solid content.
- the proportion of the isomer component 1 of the compound 2 obtained in Example 2 as a blue light emitting dopant material was 5 wt% in the solid content
- the compound represented by the compound 33 as the hole transport material was a ratio of 10 wt% in the solid content.
- this ink After applying this ink to an anilox roll by slit coating, it is transferred onto the convex part of a relief printing plate having a convex part corresponding to the pixel pattern, and rolled onto a glass substrate on which an electron block hole transport layer is formed. Printing is performed, and the film is dried to form a light emitting layer having a thickness of about 60 nm.
- compound 31 and lithium are co-deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate ratio of 100: 4 to a thickness of 5 to 10 nm to form an electron injecting and transporting layer.
- Al is deposited to a thickness of 150 nm to form a cathode.
- Example 13 The same procedure as in Example 11 is performed until the cross-linked insolubilized electron block hole transport layer of polymer 1 is formed.
- poly (2-vinylnaphthalene) with a weight average molecular weight of 1,200,000 as a thickener is a solid content ratio of 33 wt%
- an electron transporting host material is Compound 31 as a solid content ratio of 52 wt%
- a blue light emitting dopant material The isomer component of Compound 3 having an Rf value of 0.34 obtained in Example 3 was mixed at a ratio of 5 wt% in the solid content, and the compound represented by Compound 33 as a hole transport material was mixed at a ratio of 10 wt% in the solid content.
- an anisole solution ink having a total solid content ratio of about 12 wt% and a viscosity of 40 to 80 mPa ⁇ s is prepared.
- This ink is applied to an anilox roll by roll coating, rolled onto a roll in a cylindrical shape, transferred onto the convex portion of a relief printing plate, and further transferred onto a glass substrate on which an electron block hole transport layer is formed and dried.
- a glass substrate on which an electron block hole transport layer is formed and dried.
- compound 31 and lithium are co-deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate ratio of 100: 4 to a thickness of 5 to 10 nm to form an electron injecting and transporting layer.
- Al is deposited to a thickness of 150 nm to form a cathode.
- Example 14 A method for forming a light emitting layer by a laser sublimation transfer method using a donor substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- Example 11 The display substrate 21 is manufactured in the same manner. Next, when the blue light emitting layer transfer donor base material produced in Example 7 is superposed on the EL display substrate in a vacuum, the portion of the donor base material corresponding to the light emitting region is scanned and irradiated with the laser beam 22 and heated. The compound of the transfer layer 20 formed on the donor substrate is sublimated, and the light emitting layer 5 is formed on the display substrate 21. In the case of transfer to the display substrate 21 larger than the donor base material, the superposition transfer is repeated on the display substrate while changing the position of the donor base material.
- the compound 19 and the Li oxine complex are co-evaporated on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate ratio of 10: 1 to a thickness of 20 nm to form an electron injecting and transporting layer.
- LiF is vacuum-deposited with a thickness of 0.5 nm through a vapor deposition mask having stripe-shaped holes in a direction perpendicular to the ITO stripe line, and further Al is vapor-deposited with a thickness of 150 nm to form a cathode.
- each of the blue, green, and red light emitting layers formed at the intersection of the anode ITO line and the cathode line. It emits EL with color.
- Example 15 The same procedure as in Example 11 is performed until an electron block hole transport layer insoluble in toluene of polymer 1 is formed.
- an ink is prepared by mixing a crosslinkable compound 21 in a xylene solution of polymer 2 with a solid content ratio of 10 wt%, and spin coating is performed on the electron block hole transport layer of the organic EL element substrate at a thickness of 60 nm. .
- the region corresponding to the light emitting part is exposed to 365 nm UV light from a 4 W low-pressure mercury lamp through a filter through a photomask for 60 seconds, rinsed with toluene, removed unnecessary film and unreacted compound 21, dried and insoluble in toluene.
- a light emitting layer is exposed to 365 nm UV light from a 4 W low-pressure mercury lamp through a filter through a photomask for 60 seconds, rinsed with toluene, removed unnecessary film and unreacted compound 21, dried and insoluble in toluene.
- Example 16 A method for manufacturing an EL element having a liquid light emitting layer according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- SYMBOLS 1 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Substrate, 2 ... Anode, 3 ... Hole injection transport layer, 4 ... Electron block hole transport layer, 5 ... Light emitting layer, 6 ... Hole block electron transport layer, 7 ... Electron injection transport layer, 8 ... Cathode, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 ... Passivation layer, 10 ... Desiccant sheet, 11 ... Sealing plate, 12 ... Adhesive material, 13 ... Cathode terminal part, 14 ... Power supply, 15 ... Wiring, 16 ... Transparent sheet or board
Abstract
Description
発光層は、正孔輸送層と電子輸送層に挟まれ、さらに陽極と陰極で挟まれた構成を取る場合が多い。
低分子材料を用いた際の画素塗り分け法は、一般的にはマスク蒸着法が用いられている。
そこで、アライメント精度改良のため、レーザー熱転写法、またはレーザー昇華転写法からなるレーザー転写法が試みられている。
また、R1からR12は隣接する置換基同士が連結し環を形成しても良い。
nは0または1の整数である。)
の構造で示されることを特徴とした化合物が提供される。
また、R1からR12は隣接する置換基同士が連結し環を形成しても良い。
nは0または1の整数である。)
の構造で示されることを特徴とした以下の化合物が提供される。
で表される化合物が挙げられる。
で表される化合物が挙げられる。
有機EL素子の基本的な構成例として、基板1上の陽極2上に、正孔注入輸送層3、電子ブロック正孔輸送層4、発光層5、正孔ブロック電子輸送層6、電子注入輸送層7、陰極8の順に構成されている場合について説明する。
基板1は、絶縁性でガスバリア性に優れ透明なガラス板が通常用いられるが、プラスチックフィルムや、ステンレス等の金属箔に絶縁コートしたフレキシブル基板が用いられる場合もある。また、微細な駆動回路を形成したシリコン基板や放熱性に優れたサファイア基板が用いられる場合もある。
不透明な基板を用いた場合は、基板上の電極の対向電極を光透過性にすることにより光を取り出すことができる。
また、化合物8、化合物28で示すベンゾアントラセン誘導体化合物は、緑色発光材料として好ましく、緑、赤色の発光層ホスト材料としても用いることができる。
青色用ホスト材料の具体例としては、化合物31で示す2,2’-ビス(4-(2,4-ビス(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-6-イル)フェニル)-9,9’-スピロビフルオレン(以下BTrSBFと略す)等を用いることができる。
また、電子輸送性と正孔輸送性のバランス調整のため、正孔輸送材料と電子輸送材料が発光層に混合されても良い。
電子注入輸送層7は、陰極8から正孔ブロック電子輸送層6または発光層5への電子注入のエネルギー障壁や電気抵抗を低下させるために、0.5~50nm程度の厚さで設ける。電子注入輸送層をドーピングによりさらに低抵抗化し有機EL素子を低駆動電圧化することもできる。例えば低イオン化エネルギーのCs、Na、Li、Ba等のアルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属または希土類金属、またはそれらを含む化合物を共蒸着等の方法で電子注入輸送層中にドープまたは混合しホスト化合物へ電子を与えアニオン化することによりキャリア密度を増し低抵抗化することができる。
本発明の化合物をオルトジクロロベンゼンやトルエン等の有機溶媒に5~10wt%の濃度で溶かし、0.1wt%程度のLiCF3 SO3 等の支持電解質を加えるか、陽イオン伝導アシストドーパントとして1,2-ジフェノキシエタンを加えて発光層溶液とする。
少なくとも一方が透光可能な基板を用い、対向する電極板間に発光層溶液を挟み数ミクロン以下のギャップの素子を作製するか、または櫛型電極を形成した基板と対向するカバーガラスにより発光層溶液を挟み有機EL素子を作製する。
9,10-ビス{4-[2,4-ビス(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-6-イル]ビフェニル-2’-イル}アントラセン(化合物1)の合成
(中間体合成例1)
2,4-ビス(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-6-(4-ブロモフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン(中間体A)の合成
2,4-ビス(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-6-[4-(4,4,5,5-テトラメチル-1,3,2-ジオキサボラン-2-イル)-フェニル]-1,3,5-トリアジン(中間体B)の合成
<熱分析>
化合物1のガラス転移温度(Tg)、結晶化温度(Tc)、融点(Tm)を、セイコー電子工業製EXSTAR6000シリーズDSC6200により20℃/minで昇温し測定した。1回目の昇温では、室温から300℃までは吸熱および発熱を示さず、300℃~330℃付近のTgに続いて333℃~360℃付近にTc、または9位、10位の2つの置換基の回転により生じるSyn型からAnti型への転移によると思われる発熱ピーク(ピーク温度351℃)を示した。Tmは493℃~513℃(ピーク504℃)であった。
化合物1は室温でトルエン1mlに1.3mgの濃度で溶解し、発光ドーパントとして青色発光層用インクに用い塗布成膜することができた。
1.3mgの化合物1を1mlのトルエンに溶解した溶液をITO透明導電ガラス上にスピンコートし、理研計器製表面分析装置AC-1でイオン化ポテンシャルを測定した結果、5.9eVであった。吸収端エネルギーを差し引き電子親和力は2.9eVであった。
図3に、島津RF-5300PC蛍光分光光度計で測定したITO膜付き透明導電ガラス上の化合物1から化合物3のスピンコート膜の蛍光スペクトルを示す。化合物1は、励起波長330nmで蛍光ピーク波長448nmの青色であった。
2-メチル-9,10-ビス{4-[2,4-ビス(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-6-イル]ビフェニル-2’-イル}-アントラセン(化合物2)の合成
(中間体合成例5)
9,10-ビス(2-メトキシフェニル)-2-メチル-9,10-ジヒドロアントラセン-9,10-ジオール(中間体E)の合成
DI-Mass分析で405(M+-34~Ms測定中に脱OH)を得、C29H26O4 に対する計算値438.51と一致。
収量5.39g(収率38.9%)
DI-Mass 分析で405(M+)のメインピークを得、計算値:C29H24O2 に対する計算値404.50と一致。
1H NMR(400MHz, d-CDCl3):δ2.38(s、3H)、3.65(s、3H)、3.66(s、3H)、7.12~7.21(m、4H)、7.25~7.29(m、3H→溶媒CHCl3と重なる)、7.33~7.36(m、3H)、7.52~7.61(m、5H)。
収量4.46g(収率32.2%)
DI-Mass測定で 405(M+)のメインピークを得、C29H24O2 に対する計算値404.50と一致。
1H NMR(400MHz, d-CDCl3):δ2.38(s、3H)、3.65(s、3H)、3.66(s、3H)、7.12~7.20(m、4H)、7.25~7.30(m、5H→溶媒CHCl3と重なる)、7.36(br、1H)、7.51~7.61(m、5H)。
1H NMR(400MHz, d-CDCl3):δ2.43(s、3H)、4.63(br、2H)、7.17~7.22(m、4H)、7.29(d、J=1.8Hz、1H)、7.30~7.33(m、2H)、7.39~7.42(m、2H)、7.47(br、1H)、7.47~7.54(m、2H)、7.66(d、J=8.7Hz、1H)、7.69~7.74(m、2H)。
1H NMR(400MHz, d-CDCl3):δ2.42(s、3H)、7.22~7.26(m、1H)、7.29(br、1H)、7.34~7.40(m、2H)、7.46~7.72(m、11H)。
HPLC純度 100.0%。収量0.23g(収率12.4%)
HPLC条件(column:Mightysil RP-18 GP 150-4.6(粒子径5μm)、 UV:254nm、 eluent:CH3CN/THF(80/20))
質量分析ESI-Massにより1206.97(M++Na)、1222.91(M++K)のピークを得、目的物の計算値:C85H78N6 1183.57と一致した。
δ1.17(s、36H)、2.17(s、1H)、2.30(s、2H)、7.02(t、 1H)、 7.16(d、J=8.0Hz、8H)、7.2-7.8(m、9H)、7.83(d、J=7.4Hz、2H)、8.32(dd、J=6.4Hz、J=1.8Hz、8H)、8.63(dd、J=8.24Hz、J=2.8Hz、3H)。
HPLC純度92%。収量約0.2g(粗精製物)。
質量分析ESI-Massにより1206.84(M++Na),1222.79(M++K)のピークを得、計算値:C85H78N6 1183.57と一致。
δ1.38(s、36H)、2.17(s、2H)、2.37(s、1H)、6.99-7.7(m、 28H)、8.30(d、J=14.2Hz、J=5.96Hz、3H)、8.59(dd、J=19.72Hz、J=8.72Hz、8H)。
<熱分析>
化合物2の異性体成分1のガラス転移温度(Tg)、結晶化温度(Tc)、融点(Tm)を、セイコー電子工業製EXSTAR6000シリーズDSC6200により20℃/minで昇温し測定した。
化合物2の異性体成分1は室温でトルエン1mlに34mgの濃度で溶解し、キャリア輸送層、各色の発光層ホスト、青色発光ドーパントとして有機ELの各層を形成するインクに用い塗布成膜することができた。
10mgの化合物2の異性体成分1を1mlのトルエンに溶解した溶液をITO透明導電ガラス上にスピンコートし、理研計器製表面分析装置AC-1でイオン化ポテンシャルを測定した結果、5.9eVであった。吸収端エネルギーを差し引き電子親和力は2.9eVであった。
図3に島津RF-5300PC蛍光分光光度計で測定したITO透明導電ガラス上の化合物2のスピンコート膜の蛍光スペクトルを示す。励起波長340nm、蛍光ピーク波長454nmの青色であった。
2-tert-ブチル-9,10-ビス{4-[2,4-ビス(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-6-イル]ビフェニル-2’-イル}-アントラセン(化合物3)の合成
(中間体合成例9)
2-tert-ブチル-9,10-ビス{4-[2,4-ビス(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-6-イル]ビフェニル-2’-イル}-9,9,10,10-テトラヒドロアントラセン-9,10-ジオール(中間体I)の合成
本発明の化合物3で示す化合物(Rf値0.34)の1H-NMRチャート(400MHz, d-CDCl3)を図6Aに示す。また、図6Bは図6Aの拡大図である。
<熱分析>
化合物3のガラス転移温度(Tg)、結晶化温度(Tc)、融点(Tm)を、セイコー電子工業製EXSTAR6000シリーズDSC6200により測定した。20℃/minで昇温し337℃から0℃まで急冷し再度、20℃/minで昇温したところ、205℃から219℃にTgを示した以外、400℃以上まで他に吸熱、発熱等のピークは無く熱的に安定であった。
化合物3は室温でトルエン1mlに150mgの濃度で溶解し、キャリア輸送層、各色の発光層ホスト、青色発光ドーパントとして有機ELの各層を形成するインクに用い塗布成膜することができた。
10mgの化合物1を1mlのトルエンに溶解した溶液をITO透明導電ガラス上にスピンコートし、理研計器製表面分析装置AC-1でイオン化ポテンシャルを測定した結果、5.9eVであった。吸収端エネルギーを差し引き電子親和力は3.0eVであった。
図3に、島津RF-5300PC蛍光分光光度計で測定したITO透明導電ガラス上の化合物3のスピンコート膜の蛍光スペクトルを示す。励起波長330nm、蛍光ピーク波長453nmの青色であった。
2,2’-ビス(4-(2,4-ビス(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-6-イル)フェニル)-9,9’-スピロビフルオレン(BTrSBF;化合物31)の合成
(中間体合成例10)
2,2’-ビス(4,4,5,5-テトラメチル-1,3,2-ジオキサボロラン-2-イル)-9,9’-スピロビフルオレン(中間体J)の合成
2,2’-ビス(4-(2,4-ビス(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-6-イル)フェニル)-9,9’-スピロビフルオレン(化合物31)の合成
アルゴン雰囲気下、2,2’-ビス(4,4,5,5-テトラメチル-1,3,2-ジオキサボロラン-2-イル)-9,9’-スピロビフルオレン(中間体J)1.0g(1.76mmol)、2,4-ビス(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-6-(4-ブロモフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン1.76g(中間体A)(3.52mmol)、2M Na2CO3 3.5mL、およびDMF50mLからなる混合物を室温で脱酸素した後、ここに、Pd(PPh3)4(テトラキストリフェニルフォスフィンパラジウム;0価)0.41g(0.35mmol)を加え、85℃で48時間攪拌した。
<熱分析>
化合物31のガラス転移温度(Tg)、結晶化温度(Tc)、融点(Tm)を、セイコー電子工業製EXSTAR6000シリーズDSC6200により測定した。20℃/minで昇温し、350℃から0℃まで急冷した後、再度20℃/minで昇温したところ、238℃から257℃にTgを示した。それ以外に350℃までの間に吸熱、発熱等のピークは無く、熱的に安定なガラス状物質であった。
化合物31は極めてアモルファス性が高く、室温でトルエン1mlに0.4gの高濃度で溶解した。その他、キシレン、アニソール、4-メチルアニソール、テトラリン等の各種芳香族溶媒、シクロヘプタノールやシクロオクタノール等の高粘度のシクロアルコール溶媒にも易溶である。また、各種印刷方式の粘度に合わせた各種混合溶媒にも溶解させることができる。
10mgの化合物31を1mlのトルエンに溶解した溶液を、ITO透明導電ガラス上にスピンコートし、理研計器製表面分析装置AC-1でイオン化ポテンシャルを測定した結果、6.2eVであった。吸収端エネルギーを差し引き、電子親和力は3.0eVであった。
ITO透明導電ガラス上における、化合物31のスピンコート膜の蛍光スペクトルを測定した。その結果は、図8の0wt%のグラフに対応する。測定は、島津RF-5300PC蛍光分光光度計にて行い、蛍光ピーク波長422nmの青色発光が得られた。
化合物31で示すイオン化ポテンシャル6.2eV、電子親和力3.0eV、Egが3.2eVのキャリア輸送性ホスト材料BTrSBFと、5~20wt%の濃度の化合物2を発光ドーパントとしてトルエンに溶かした組成のインクを作製した。ITO透明導電ガラス上に前記インクのスピンコート膜を作製し、島津RF5300PC蛍光分光光度計により蛍光スペクトル強度を励起波長340nmで測定した。
化合物31類似化合物(化合物32)の合成
中間体合成例1において、4-tert-ブチルベンゾニトリルの代わりに4-メチルベンゾニトリルを用い、同様に中間体Kを合成した。その中間体Kを、化合物31の合成例における中間体Aの代わりに用い、同様に化合物32(HPLC純度100.0%)を合成した。
<熱分析>
化合物32のガラス転移温度(Tg)、結晶化温度(Tc)、融点(Tm)を、セイコー電子工業製EXSTAR6000シリーズDSC6200により測定した。20℃/minで昇温し、375℃から0℃まで急冷した後、再度20℃/minで昇温したところ、205℃から221℃にTg、320℃に結晶化ピーク(Tc)、369℃から397℃にTm(ピーク387℃)を示した。
化合物32は、室温でトルエン1mlに6mgの濃度で溶解可能であった。さらにホットプレート上で加熱しながら徐々に加えて溶かすと、室温に戻した際に34mg溶解していた。化合物32は、電子輸送性キャリア輸送材料として使用することができ、トルエン、キシレン、アニソール、テトラリン等の有機溶媒に溶かして有機ELの各層を形成するインクに添加し、塗布成膜することができる。
10mgの化合物32を1mlのトルエンに溶解した溶液をITO透明導電ガラス上にスピンコートし、理研計器製表面分析装置AC-1でイオン化ポテンシャルを測定した結果、6.2eVであった。吸収端エネルギーを差し引き、電子親和力は3.0eVであった。
図10に、化合物32の蛍光スペクトルチャート(実線)および化合物32に化合物2をドープした場合の蛍光スペクトルチャート(破線)を示す。まず、ITO透明導電ガラス上に化合物32の溶液を厚さ41nmでスピンコートしたものについて、340nmで励起させた場合の蛍光スペクトルを得た(図10の実線)。測定は、島津RF-5300PC蛍光分光光度計にて行った。蛍光ピーク波長424nmの青色発光が得られた。
20mgの化合物32を日本バックスメタル製MoボートBu-6に入れて真空蒸着装置にセットし、1E-5Torr以下の圧力下、熱電対で温度を測定しながら昇温を行うと、ボート温度480℃において、30cm離して上方に設置した石英基板上での成膜速度が0.1nm/sとなった。
本発明の一実施形態に係るドナー基材の作製方法について、図11を参照しながら説明する。
バイコールガラス又はガラスセラミックスからなる透明低熱膨張率基板16をエッチングし、ディスプレイ基板上の画素を形成する青、赤、緑等のストライプラインの間隔に対応した高さ2μm程度のスペーサー隔壁19を作る。次にリフトオフレジストを塗布後、厚さ100~200nm のCrOxまたはMoOx(xは任意の数)からなる光吸収性の膜をスパッタリング法により隔壁間に成膜し、レジストを除去して光吸収層17を形成する。次にアルミニウムを50~100nmの厚さで蒸着し、光反射層18とする。
実施例3で得た分子量1225.6の化合物3からなるホスト材料にドーパント材料として分子量1219.6の化合物8を10wt% の割合で混合しトルエンに溶かした緑色発光層用インクを作り、実施例7と同様に厚さ60nmの緑色発光層用の転写層20を有するレーザー転写用ドナー基材を得る。
実施例3で得た分子量1225.6の化合物3からなるホスト材料にドーパント材料として分子量1269.7の化合物11を10wt% の割合で混合しトルエンに溶かした赤色発光インクを作り、実施例7と同様に赤色発光層用の転写層20を有するレーザー転写用ドナー基材を得る。
1,3,5-トリス(4-(3,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-N-カルバゾリル)フェニル)ベンゼン(化合物33)の合成
アルゴン雰囲気下、1,3,5-トリス(4-ブロモフェニル)ベンゼン0.99g(1.8mmol)、J.Am.Chem.Soc.2006年,128巻,5592-5593ページにより合成した3,6-ジ-tert-ブチルカルバゾール2.51g(9.0mmol)、ヨウ化銅(I)0.34g(1.8mmol)、およびリン酸カリウム1.91g(9.0mmol)に脱水1,4-ジオキサン110mlを加え、数分攪拌した後、trans-1,2-シクロヘキサンジアミン0.41g(3.6mmol)を加え、110℃で30時間、加熱攪拌して反応させた。
1HNMR(400MHz,d-CDCl3):δ1.49(s、54H)、7.46(d、J=8.70Hz、6H)、7.50-7.52(m、6H)、7.73(d、J=8.70Hz、6H)、7.80(d、J=8.24Hz、6H)、8.04(s、3H)、8.17(s、6H)。
<熱分析>
DSC測定による化合物33のTgは240℃、Tcは323℃、Tmは403℃であった。
理研計器製表面分析装置AC-1で求めたイオン化ポテンシャルは6.2eVであり、イオン化ポテンシャルから光学的エネルギーギャップを差し引いて求めた電子親和力は2.8eVであった。
トルエン、キシレン、テトラリン等の一般の有機溶媒や混合溶媒に10wt%以上溶け、易溶であった。
化合物31のみ、化合物33のみ、そして化合物31:化合物33:化合物3(重量比10:2:1)の混合物のそれぞれの固形分量が2wt%となるようなキシレン溶液を石英板上にスピンコート(500rpmで5秒回転後1200rpmで60秒回転)してほぼ同じ厚さの膜を作成し、蛍光スペクトルを測定した。その結果を図12に示す。
化合物33は、380nmにピークを有する青色蛍光を示した。化合物3を7.7wt%ドープした化合物31:化合物33:化合物3(10:2:1)の混合膜では化合物3の蛍光スペクトルの形状と一致し、化合物33または化合物31のみの場合よりも強度の強い青色蛍光発光が得られた。
本発明の一実施形態に係るEL素子の作製方法について説明する。
最後にLiFを0.5nmの厚さで真空蒸着し、さらにAlを150nmの厚さで蒸着して陰極を形成する。
正孔注入輸送層を形成するまでは実施例11と同様に行なう。次にポリマー1の膜を20nmの厚さでスリットコート法で形成し、発光部に対応する必要部分が開口したフォトマスクを通して不活性雰囲気中で365nmの紫外光を4Wの低圧水銀ランプにフィルターを通して60秒照射し、架橋不溶化した。その後トルエンでリンスし、端子部等の不要部の膜を除去し乾燥し電子ブロック正孔輸送層を形成する。
最後にAlを150nmの厚さで蒸着して陰極を形成する。
ポリマー1の架橋不溶化した電子ブロック正孔輸送層を形成するまでは実施例11と同様に行う。
次に、増粘剤として重量平均分子量120万のポリ(2-ビニルナフタレン)を固形分比33wt%、電子輸送性のホスト材料として化合物31を固形分中の比率52wt%、青色発光ドーパント材料として実施例3で得たRf値0.34の化合物3の異性体成分を固形分中の比率5wt%、正孔輸送材料として化合物33で示す化合物を固形分中の比率10wt%の割合で混合し、インク中の総固形分比約12wt%、粘度が40~80mPa・Sのアニソール溶液のインクを調製する。
最後にAlを150nmの厚さで蒸着して陰極を形成する。
本発明の一実施形態に係るドナー基材を用いたレーザー昇華転写法による発光層の成膜法について図13を参照しながら説明する。
次に、実施例7で作製した青色発光層転写用ドナー基材を真空中でELディスプレイ基板に重ね合わせ、発光領域に対応する部分のドナー基材裏面にレーザービーム22をスキャン照射し加熱すると、ドナー基材上に形成した転写層20の化合物が昇華し、ディスプレイ基板21上に発光層5が形成される。ドナー基材より大きいディスプレイ基板21への転写の場合はドナー基材の位置を変えながらディスプレイ基板に重ね合わせ転写を繰り返す。
最後にITOのストライプラインと直交する方向にストライプ形状の穴を有する蒸着マスクを通してLiFを0.5nmの厚さで真空蒸着し、さらにAlを150nmの厚さで蒸着して陰極を形成する。
以上のようにして作製した有機EL素子の各ITOラインと陰極のライン間に10V程度の直流電圧を印加すると陽極ITOラインと陰極ラインの交点に形成された青、緑、赤の各発光層の色でEL発光する。
ポリマー1のトルエンに不溶な電子ブロック正孔輸送層を形成するまでは実施例11と同様に行う。
次に、ポリマー2のキシレン溶液中に架橋型の化合物21を固形分比10wt%混合したインクを作製し、有機EL素子基板の電子ブロック正孔輸送層上に60nmの厚さでスピンコートを行なう。発光部分に対応する領域に、フォトマスクを通して4Wの低圧水銀ランプからフィルターを通して365nmの紫外線を60秒間露光し、トルエンでリンスし、不要な膜と未反応の化合物21を除去、乾燥しトルエンに不溶な発光層とする。
最後にLiFを0.5nmの厚さで真空蒸着し、さらにAlを150nmの厚さで蒸着して陰極を形成する。
以上のようにして作製した有機EL素子に10V程度の直流電圧を印加すると、青色のEL発光が得られる。
本発明の一実施形態に係る液体発光層を有するEL素子の作製方法について説明する。
Claims (15)
- 下記式(1)の構造で示されることを特徴とした化合物。
また、R1からR12は隣接する置換基同士が連結し環を形成しても良い。
nは0または1の整数である。) - R1およびR3からR8は水素原子であり、R2は炭素数15以下のアルキル基であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の化合物。
- 室温で液体の媒体中に、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を少なくとも1種以上を含有することを特徴とするインク組成物。
- 発光ドーパントとしての請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の化合物と、イオン化ポテンシャルと電子親和力との間のエネルギー差が前記ドーパントよりも大きい少なくとも1種以上のホスト材料とを含むインク組成物。
- 前記ホスト材料が請求項5または6に記載の化合物であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のインク組成物。
- 光エネルギーを吸収し発熱する層が形成された基板またはシート上に、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含む転写層が積層された転写用ドナー基材。
- 対向する電極間若しくは陽極と陰極との間の少なくとも1層に発光材料を含有する発光層を備えた発光素子において、前記対向する電極間若しくは陽極と陰極との間に形成された少なくとも1層が請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含むことを特徴とする発光素子。
- 対向する電極間若しくは陽極と陰極との間の少なくとも1層に発光材料を含有する発光層を備えた発光素子において、前記発光層は、発光ドーパントとして請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の化合物と、イオン化ポテンシャルと電子親和力の間のエネルギー差(Eg)が前記発光ドーパントよりも大きい1種類以上のホスト材料とを少なくとも含有することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の発光素子。
- 前記ホスト材料が請求項5または6に記載の化合物であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の発光素子。
- 前記発光ドーパントが、前記発光層中5~20wt%の割合で含まれることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の発光素子。
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JP (1) | JP5764500B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20120104245A (ja) |
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JP2013515360A (ja) * | 2009-12-22 | 2013-05-02 | メルク パテント ゲーエムベーハー | エレクトロルミネッセンス配合物 |
CN103304557A (zh) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-18 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | 含螺芴的有机半导体材料及其制备方法和有机电致发光器件 |
JP2014026978A (ja) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-02-06 | Samsung Display Co Ltd | 有機発光素子及び有機発光表示装置 |
JP2015017231A (ja) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-29 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 電荷輸送ポリマー、ならびにそれを用いた電荷輸送ポリマー組成物、発光性電荷輸送膜および有機el素子 |
JP2015216095A (ja) * | 2014-04-21 | 2015-12-03 | 日本化学工業株式会社 | 電気化学発光セル及び電気化学発光セルの発光層形成用組成物 |
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JP2013515360A (ja) * | 2009-12-22 | 2013-05-02 | メルク パテント ゲーエムベーハー | エレクトロルミネッセンス配合物 |
CN103304557A (zh) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-18 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | 含螺芴的有机半导体材料及其制备方法和有机电致发光器件 |
CN103304557B (zh) * | 2012-03-15 | 2016-08-03 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | 含螺芴的有机半导体材料及其制备方法和有机电致发光器件 |
JP2014026978A (ja) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-02-06 | Samsung Display Co Ltd | 有機発光素子及び有機発光表示装置 |
JP2015017231A (ja) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-29 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 電荷輸送ポリマー、ならびにそれを用いた電荷輸送ポリマー組成物、発光性電荷輸送膜および有機el素子 |
JP2015216095A (ja) * | 2014-04-21 | 2015-12-03 | 日本化学工業株式会社 | 電気化学発光セル及び電気化学発光セルの発光層形成用組成物 |
JP2016225575A (ja) * | 2015-06-03 | 2016-12-28 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 発光素子、発光装置、認証装置および電子機器 |
JP2017183724A (ja) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-10-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 発光素子 |
Also Published As
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TWI456025B (zh) | 2014-10-11 |
JPWO2011074493A1 (ja) | 2013-04-25 |
KR20120104245A (ko) | 2012-09-20 |
US8475940B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 |
CN102666501B (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
JP5764500B2 (ja) | 2015-08-19 |
US20120248973A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
CN102666501A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
TW201130951A (en) | 2011-09-16 |
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