WO2010110163A1 - パラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法 - Google Patents
パラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010110163A1 WO2010110163A1 PCT/JP2010/054647 JP2010054647W WO2010110163A1 WO 2010110163 A1 WO2010110163 A1 WO 2010110163A1 JP 2010054647 W JP2010054647 W JP 2010054647W WO 2010110163 A1 WO2010110163 A1 WO 2010110163A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/10—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms
- C07C17/12—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms in the ring of aromatic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing paradichlorobenzene, and in particular, chlorination with chlorine gas using at least one of benzene (hereinafter also referred to as “Bz”) and monochlorobenzene (hereinafter also referred to as “MCB”) as a raw material and chlorine as a catalyst.
- Bz benzene
- MBCB monochlorobenzene
- p-DCB chlorobenzene
- zeolite catalyst refers to “a catalyst containing zeolite”.
- P-DCB is a compound with extremely high industrial value as a raw material for pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals, as an insecticide and insect repellent, and as a raw material for polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
- a method for producing p-DCB is known in which liquid phase chlorination of benzene and / or monochlorobenzene is performed using a Lewis acid such as ferric chloride or antimony pentachloride as a catalyst.
- Ferric chloride has a high activity, the chlorine conversion rate reaches 99.99% or more, and a very small amount of unreacted chlorine in the by-produced hydrochloric acid gas remains.
- the selectivity of the desired para-substituted product is at most about 60% with the catalyst alone, and is increased to about 75% by adding a cocatalyst.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for producing p-DCB with a selectivity of 904% or more, as shown in Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and the like, a method using L-type zeolite as a catalyst has been disclosed.
- the methods using zeolite as a catalyst are all laboratory-level methods and are not considered to be specific enough to operate as actual devices.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method capable of obtaining a target product at a higher yield than before and capable of stable operation when operating as an actual apparatus when producing p-DCB. It is in.
- the present invention that has solved this problem is as follows.
- the reactor has a plurality of stages, and chlorine gas is supplied to each reactor in parallel, the raw material and chlorine gas are supplied to the first stage reactor, and the reaction product of the previous stage is supplied to the reactor of the next stage.
- the reactor has a plurality of stages, the raw material and chlorine gas are supplied to the first stage reactor, the reaction product of the previous stage is supplied to the reactor of the next stage, and chlorine gas is supplied to the reactors of the next stage and subsequent stages.
- the low p-DCB selectivity in the conventional homogeneous catalyst such as ferric chloride and the burden on the apparatus related to the separation and recovery of the catalyst are removed, and the system operates as an actual apparatus. In doing so, stable operation becomes possible.
- 1 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a flow sheet that supplies raw material and chlorine gas under up-flow conditions. It is a graph which shows DCB yield and para selectivity in the case of using BEA which made silica sol and alumina sol into a molding base, respectively. 3 is a graph showing DCB yield and para selectivity when a silica-alumina catalyst is used. It is a graph which shows a DCB yield and para selectivity in the case of using BEA, MFI, and USY each using alumina sol as a molding base. It is a graph which shows the change of the DCB yield and para selectivity accompanying the metal cation substitution rate change of the ion exchange site of a zeolite catalyst.
- homogeneous catalysts such as ferric chloride not only have low p-DCB selectivity, but also impose a heavy equipment load on catalyst separation and recovery.
- the use of a zeolite catalyst increases the selectivity of p-DCB, and the use of a solid catalyst enables reuse.
- the chlorination reaction is a vigorous exothermic reaction.
- the temperature is easily raised to 400 to 500 ° C. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately suppress the temperature rise and maintain the operation within a certain temperature range. If the temperature is too low, the viscosity increases and the pressure loss increases.
- the temperature is high, the chlorine dissolution rate is controlled and the reaction is suppressed. Further, the boiling point of benzene is 80.1 ° C., and naturally the reaction is suppressed under the condition that benzene evaporates. It is also necessary to determine the reaction pressure so that an appropriate reaction temperature (reaction rate) can be maintained.
- a method for suppressing an exothermic reaction a method in which a reactor such as a jacket or a coil is provided with a cooling part, a method for suppressing a temperature rise by using a large amount of solvent (1.2 dichloroethane and MCB are considered as solvent candidates. )), And a method using a combination of a cooling part and a solvent, etc., and naturally these methods can also be used.
- suitable reaction conditions 40 to 130 ° C., 10 atm or less
- a gas-liquid mixed phase state occurs, but the overall heat transfer rate of the reaction part-metal part-cooling part is overwhelmed by the gas phase volume over the liquid phase volume. Therefore, the heat transfer rate in the reaction section becomes dominant, and the overall heat transfer coefficient is only 10 to 30 kcal / m 2 hr ° C. Under this condition, a huge heat transfer area is required, It becomes difficult to materialize.
- a direct cooling method using latent heat of vaporization of the cooling solvent is proposed as a more preferable condition. It is possible to absorb the enormous reaction heat generated by transferring the latent heat of vaporization caused by the evaporation of the compound to the compound by having a compound having the same boiling point as the reaction conditions in the reaction system. It becomes.
- Evaporated compounds can be condensed and reused.
- general-purpose external heat exchangers such as shell and tube that can secure a total heat transfer coefficient of 600 to 1100 kcal / m 2 hr ° C can be used. It is.
- Such a compound that can be directly used as a cooling medium is required not to react, and is suitable for chlorination reaction of p-DCB synthesis: dichloromethane (Tb ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 40.2 ° C.), trichloromethane (Tb 61.1 ° C.), tetra Chloromethanes such as chloromethane (Tb 76.8 ° C.), 1.1-dichloroethane (Tb 57. ° C.), 1.1.1-trichloroethane (Tb 73.9 ° C.), and chloroethanes.
- Stable temperature control is possible by selecting a suitable pressure condition in consideration of the desired reaction temperature and the boiling point of benzene and the direct cooling medium.
- the present invention uses benzene and / or chlorobenzene and chlorine gas and the direct cooling medium (chloroform in the following example).
- chloroform in the following example.
- reaction formula is as follows. Bz (C 6 H 6 ) ⁇ MCB (C 6 H 5 Cl) ⁇ PDCB, MDCB, ODCB (p-C 6 H 4 Cl 2 , o-C 6 H 4 Cl 2 , m-C 6 H 4 Cl 2 ⁇ TCB (C 6 H 3 Cl 3 ) PDCB synthesis reaction system: ⁇
- Tetrachlorocyclohexene and benzene hexachloride produced by undesired side reactions can be poisonous substances of the catalyst, and there is a concern that it may lead to deterioration of the catalyst.
- zeolite catalyst a catalyst containing zeolite is used.
- This zeolite includes small pore size type erionite, offretite, ferrierite, medium pore size type L type, ZSM-5 (MFI), MCM-22 (MWW), large pore size type beta type (BEA) , Mordenite (MOR), X-type, T-type (FAU) and the like can be used.
- medium pore type L type, ZSM-5 (MFI), MCM-22 (MWW), large pore type beta type (BEA), mordenite (MOR), X type, T type (FAU), Y type (USY) can be used.
- the zeolite catalyst of the present invention can be used as a powder, but it can also be used after granulating to a diameter of 0.8 to 3.2 mm as a molded body. Further, if necessary, it can be molded into a different shape such as a ring shape, a wardrobe shape, or a rib ring shape. Considering that the zeolite catalyst is recovered after use and reused, it is preferably used as a molded body that can be recovered more easily.
- a molding substrate (molding aid) for molding zeolite for example, nanoparticle-sized silica aerosol, alumina sol, and the like are used.
- a comparison of the DCB yield and para-selectivity of the proton-type BEA molded with alumina sol and silica sol showed no significant difference in para-selectivity, but high yields with the catalyst molded with alumina sol was obtained stably for a relatively long time (FIG. 3).
- the molding of zeolite is preferably performed with silica sol because it is difficult to form a new ion exchange site on the zeolite surface and does not hinder the reaction specificity of the zeolite.
- the use of alumina sol did not lower the para selectivity, and the stability of the catalyst itself was improved. This suggests that the above reaction occurs not only in the pores of the zeolite, but also at ion exchange sites formed on the surface of the molded catalyst by alumina. If the reaction occurs only in the pores of the zeolite, the catalyst may be deteriorated due to the clogging of the pores. However, if the reaction is performed on the catalyst surface, the deterioration rate can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.
- Non-Patent Document 1 it is clarified in Non-Patent Document 1 that the catalytic activity of alumina is enhanced by the structure of zeolite.
- Zeolite framework varies greatly depending on the type of zeolite.
- ZSM-5 MFI
- beta type BEA
- Y type USY
- alumina sol molded catalysts which are typically used as medium pore size and large pore size zeolites, were compared in their activities.
- the DCB yield was low when USY was used (because a large amount of TCB was generated in the side reaction (not shown)), but BEAA and MFI show a high DCB yield.
- the molding base mainly composed of alumina is selected from 10% to 50% by weight, preferably 15% to 35% by weight, based on the total amount of catalyst. If it is less than 10% by weight, the catalytic activity is lowered, and the bonding property between the zeolite and the molding base is deteriorated. If it is 50% by weight or more, the volume of the catalyst becomes larger than necessary, and the characteristics of the above-mentioned zeolite framework cannot be utilized, and the catalytic activity is also lowered.
- a proton type for the zeolite catalyst of this embodiment. This is because it was found that when the ion exchange site of the zeolite was replaced with a metal cation such as sodium ion, the initial activity was improved, but the catalytic activity was rapidly decreased in a short time (not shown).
- zeolite catalyst in the example which does not use the shaping
- a zeolite in which the ion exchange site is replaced with a metal cation is used.
- the ion exchange site of the zeolite is used in a state occupied by a metal cation, preferably a sodium cation.
- a metal cation preferably a sodium cation.
- the effect is large when at least 10%, preferably 10% or more and 85% or less of the ion exchange sites of the zeolite of the molded catalyst mainly composed of zeolite are occupied by the metal cation (FIG. 6).
- the proportion of the metal cation is less than 10%, the efficiency of the chlorination reaction is reduced, the side reaction is increased, and the like.
- the ion exchange site of the zeolite occupied by a metal cation, particularly a sodium cation it may be ion-exchanged by a known method.
- the ion exchange to the sodium cation is generally performed by a plurality of ion exchange operations using an aqueous solution of a sodium salt, preferably an aqueous sodium chloride solution.
- the diffusion resistance of the zeolite catalyst selected to improve the selectivity causes a significant decrease in activity in a flow system that is required to be stably used in a reactor equipped with a molded catalyst.
- the results of the flow equation in the reactor equipped with a molded catalyst mainly composed of beta-type zeolite were compared with the batch-type results obtained by pulverizing the molded catalyst in a slurry reactor. It became clear that the selectivity was also superior.
- beta-type zeolite of the molded catalyst mainly composed of zeolite contained in the reactor those having a SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of 14 or more and 100 or less are preferable (more preferably 16 to 50). . If it is less than 14, octahedral aluminum is present on the outer surface portion of the zeolite crystal or particle, and the non-selective chlorination reaction proceeds by itself or interaction with the functional group present on the outer surface of the zeolite. It is not preferable because acid sites of various strengths on the outer surface of the zeolite, that is, metal (sodium) cation ion exchange sites or base sites for proceeding the chlorine addition reaction are formed.
- the ratio is larger than 100, the concentration of active sites in the pores of the zeolite is lowered and the diffusion distance is increased, so that the reaction proceeds to the tribodies. Resists and the progress of the target reaction is hindered.
- the ion exchange operation is performed a plurality of times, preferably while exchanging an aqueous solution of sodium salt. Furthermore, in the final operation, a method is selected in which the pH on the solution side ends on the acidic side and the attached sodium chloride is washed and removed. The aqueous solution concentration and amount of sodium chloride and the number of ion exchange operations at this time can be selected as appropriate.
- ion exchange sites of the zeolite are sites that can be ion exchanged with sodium cations with sodium chloride.
- Such a site is considered to be a Bronsted acid that exhibits strong acidity when it is in the proton type.
- the zeolite or zeolite-based molded catalyst is made into a proton type, and then ion-exchanged with a metal, particularly a strong salt of sodium, It is effective that at least 10% or more of the exchange sites are occupied by sodium cations.
- a matrix that does not form a new ion exchange site with the zeolite is preferable.
- a silica aerosol having a nanoparticle size is used alone.
- a new ion exchange site is formed on the zeolite surface, which may adversely affect the activity of the catalyst.
- zeolites are mainly consists of SiO 2, The use of SiO 2 as a molding additive is desirable. SiO 2 can also be used as a molding aid after Al on the zeolite surface is removed by acid treatment.
- the amount as such a molding base is selected from 10% to 50% by weight, preferably 15% to 35% by weight. If it is less than 10% by weight, the bonding property between the zeolite and the molding base is deteriorated. If it is 50% by weight or more, the volume of the catalyst becomes larger than necessary, and the reaction raw material tends to be affected by diffusion, which makes it difficult to reach the zeolite active point.
- the zeolite catalyst is installed in the reactor. It is desirable to use the reactor in multiple stages (minimum of two stages) and use it interchangeably because of the deterioration of the zeolite catalyst.
- the zeolite catalyst may be used as a fixed bed, and the raw material and chlorine gas may be circulated, or may be used as a slurry bed (FIG. 11). By using the zeolite catalyst as a slurry bed, the temperature rise can be efficiently suppressed and the operation can be maintained within a certain temperature range.
- the raw material and chlorine gas can be circulated in an up flow (FIG. 2), but are preferably circulated in a down flow (FIG. 1).
- the reactor becomes a continuous phase of the liquid, so the problem remains that the dissolution of chlorine gas in the solution becomes rate-limiting and back-mixing of reaction products in the liquid occurs.
- By making the flow down it is possible to solve the above problem by making the inside of the reactor a continuous phase of gas.
- the flow pattern of the gas-liquid multiphase flow changes depending on the diameter of the reactor used.
- the flow pattern to be adopted is a pulsating flow (Pulsing and Foaming Flow) or a perfusate flow (Gas-continuous or Triking Flow), and preferably a perfusion flow.
- Pulsating flow is a state where large and small portions of liquid hold-up flow alternately
- perfusion flow is a state in which liquid flows down in the form of a film over the catalyst particles by gravity, and gas becomes a continuous phase in the space. It is in a flowing state.
- the flow pattern changes from pulsating flow to perfusion flow.
- the reactor fixed bed has a plurality of stages, preferably three stages.
- the solid catalyst is deteriorated due to the loss of active sites due to the inflow of the deterioration-causing substance from the inlet.
- the reaction temperature As the reaction temperature, if the temperature is too low, the viscosity increases and the pressure loss increases. On the other hand, when the temperature is high, the chlorine dissolution rate is controlled and the reaction is suppressed. Therefore, the reaction temperature is 40 to 130 ° C, more preferably 55 to 90 ° C.
- the reaction pressure is preferably 950 to 1450 Torr (within the range of 55 to 90 ° C.), as shown in FIG. Same if any).
- Figure 8 shows the following. (1) When the operating pressure increases, the reaction temperature cannot be maintained unless the chloroform / benzene ratio is increased. (2) Above the pressure at a certain operating temperature, the chloroform does not evaporate and the temperature is maintained. In addition, an enormous amount of chloroform is required. (3) Conversely, at a pressure below a certain operating temperature, the chloroform is completely evaporated. At this time, PDCB is similarly evaporated. (4) Therefore, the conditions under which chloroform and PDCB remain in the bottom of the reactor are appropriate, and the recovery of chloroform and PDCB is not greatly affected by the chloroform / benzene ratio. In the region where the chloroform / benzene ratio is 16 to 20 and the PDCB recovery rate is 90 to 95%.
- the adiabatic evaporated chloroform and the reaction product are recovered and cooled for reuse in the next stage.
- a general-purpose external heat exchanger such as a shell and tube can be used.
- Direct cooling medium trichloromethane (chloroform) reacts with chlorine and is converted to tetrachloromethane.
- chloroform direct cooling medium
- the reaction product in the reactor is sent to a hydrogen chloride removal tower, and hydrogen chloride and the hydrocarbon compound accompanying it are separated from the top of the hydrogen chloride removal tower, and hydrogen chloride and a small amount of hydrocarbon accompanying it are separated.
- the compound is sent to the cooling tower, and in this cooling tower, the water phase portion cooled by the attached condenser is dispersed and cooled in the party, so that the water phase and the hydrocarbon compound are separated at the bottom of the cooling tower, A 35% aqueous HCl solution is obtained as the separated aqueous phase.
- the separated hydrocarbon compound is separated into water and a hydrocarbon compound by a subsequent separation tower, and the hydrocarbon compound is reused.
- the reaction product collected at the bottom of the hydrogen chloride removal tower can be commercialized by crystallizing the desired p-DCB while removing TCB, m-DCB, and o-DCB.
- liquid in the system can be returned to an appropriate position in the process for reuse.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention.
- Reference numeral 10 denotes a reactor, which has a three-stage configuration in the embodiment.
- the benzene 1 as a raw material is supplied from the top of the first-stage reactor 10 after moisture is removed beforehand by a moisture removing means (not shown) if necessary.
- Chlorine gas 2 is supplied from the tops of the reactors 10, 10, 10 in each stage in parallel. Capacitors 12, 12, 12 are attached to each reactor 10, 10, 10. Chloroform (cooling medium) 3 is sent from the storage tank to the mixer 14, and is supplied from the top to the first stage reactor 10 by the pump 16. Further, the recovered chloroform 3A recovered in the subsequent step of the processing flow not shown in detail is supplied together with benzene 1 from the top of the first stage reactor 10. The mixer 14 is also supplied with recovered chloroform 3B recovered in a subsequent step of the processing flow, the details of which are not shown.
- a zeolite catalyst 18 (molded body) is installed as a fixed bed, and raw material (benzene) and chlorine gas are circulated in a down flow.
- a cooling jacket 11 is provided on the peripheral wall of the reactor 10 and is cooled by a cooling medium such as water.
- the reaction product is sequentially led to the next reactors 10 and 10 by the pumps 20 and 20.
- the evaporated component is condensed by the condensers 12, 12, 12 and then sent to the reactors 10, 10 and the mixer 14 in the next stage.
- a part of a small amount of the reaction product that has not been condensed is sent to the cooling tower 24.
- the bottom component of the reactor 10 in the final stage is sent to the hydrogen chloride removing tower 22, and by lower heating, hydrogen chloride and the hydrocarbon compounds accompanying it are separated from the top of the hydrogen chloride removing tower 22, and this is separated.
- the cooling water is fed to the cooling tower 24, and the water phase cooled by the attached condenser 26 is sprayed into the cooling tower 24 by the pump 28 and cooled. Separate and obtain 35% aqueous HCl as the separated aqueous phase.
- the hydrocarbon compounds collected in the precipitation tank 30 provided at the bottom of the cooling tower 24 are separated into water and hydrocarbon compounds by a subsequent separation tower (not shown), and the hydrocarbon compounds are recycled. Use.
- reaction product collected at the bottom of the hydrogen chloride removal tower 22 is then crystallized from the target p-DCB while removing TCB, m-DCB, and o-DCB using an appropriate treatment means.
- Reference numeral 32 denotes a decompression pump.
- FIG. 9 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the reaction rate of monochlorobenzene and chlorine gas is slower than the reaction intermediate.
- FIG. 12 a required amount of catalyst becomes relatively large. As a result, the reactor filled with the catalyst becomes large, and the capital investment increases.
- the reactor has a plurality of stages, the raw material, the cooling medium, chlorine gas and / or the unreacted chlorine gas in the subsequent stage are supplied to the reactor in the first stage, and the reaction product in the previous stage and the subsequent stage are supplied.
- This is a method for producing paradichlorobenzene, which is supplied to a reactor, a cooling medium and an excessive amount of chlorine gas are supplied to the reactors in the subsequent stages, and crude dichlorobenzene is obtained from the product reaction product in the final stage.
- the reaction rate between monochlorobenzene and chlorine gas can be improved (FIG. 12).
- the reactor 10 in FIG. 9 has a three-stage configuration.
- the benzene 1 as a raw material is supplied from the top of the first-stage reactor 10 after moisture is removed beforehand by a moisture removing means (not shown) if necessary.
- An excessive amount of chlorine gas 2 is supplied from the top of the reactor 10 in the final stage.
- an alumina catalyst 18 molded body
- raw materials benzene
- chlorine gas and a cooling medium are circulated in a down flow.
- a cooling jacket 11 is provided on the peripheral wall of the reactor 10 and is cooled by a cooling medium such as water.
- the reaction product is sequentially led to the next reactors 10 and 10 by the pumps 20 and 20.
- the evaporation component mainly the cooling medium
- Unreacted chlorine gas in the reactor 10 and / or hydrogen chloride produced by the reaction are supplied from the top of the reactor 10 in the preceding stage.
- a part of a small amount of the reaction product that has not been condensed and chloroform are sent to the cooling tower 24.
- the bottom components of the reactor 10 in the final stage, and the subsequent flow of the uncondensed reaction product and chloroform sent to the cooling tower 24 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
- a new proposal is made regarding a method of supplying a raw material to each stage.
- the reactor has a plurality of stages, the raw material, chlorine gas and / or cooling medium is supplied to the first stage reactor, and the reaction product of the previous stage is separated into unreacted raw material and product, The unreacted raw material is returned to the previous stage reactor, the product is supplied to the next stage reactor, chlorine gas and a cooling medium are supplied to the subsequent stage reactor, and paradichlorobenzene is removed from the final stage reaction product.
- This is a process for producing paradichlorobenzene.
- the para selectivity in the reaction product can be improved as compared with the method in which the reaction product in the first stage is supplied to the reactor in the next stage without being separated (FIG. 14).
- the reactor 10 in FIG. 10 has a two-stage configuration.
- the benzene 1 as a raw material is supplied from the top of the first-stage reactor 10 after moisture is removed beforehand by a moisture removing means (not shown) if necessary.
- the chlorine gas 2 is supplied from the tops of the reactors 10 and 10 in each stage in parallel.
- Capacitors 12 and 12 are attached to each reactor 10 and 10.
- Chloroform (cooling medium) 3 is sent from the storage tank to the mixer 14, and is supplied from the top to the first stage reactor 10 by the pump 16. Further, the recovered chloroform 3A recovered in the subsequent step of the processing flow not shown in detail is supplied together with benzene 1 from the top of the first stage reactor 10.
- the mixer 14 is also supplied with recovered chloroform 3B recovered in a subsequent step of the processing flow, the details of which are not shown.
- the reaction product is sequentially led to unreacted substance separation towers 13 and 13 by pumps 20 and 20.
- the evaporation component (mainly the cooling medium) is condensed by the condensers 12, 12, and then sent to the reactor 10 and the mixer 14 in the next stage.
- a part of a small amount of the reaction product that has not been condensed and chloroform are sent to the cooling tower 24.
- the unreacted substance in the previous stage and the hydrogen chloride accompanying it are separated from the tower portion of the unreacted substance separation tower 13 by lower heating. Further, after the vaporized component in the unreacted substance separation tower 13 is condensed by the condenser 15, the unreacted substance is returned to the previous reactor 10. Uncondensed hydrogen chloride and a small amount of unreacted material are sent to the cooling tower 24.
- the water phase cooled by the attached condenser 26 is dispersed in the tower by the pump 28 and cooled, so that the cooling tower 24 separates the water phase and the chloroform phase, and the separation is performed.
- a 35% aqueous HCl solution is obtained as the aqueous phase.
- the chloroform phase collected in the precipitation tank 30 provided at the bottom of the bottom of the cooling tower 24 is separated into water and chloroform by a subsequent separation tower (not shown), and the chloroform is reused.
- the cooling medium from the final stage of the reactor 10 is cooled by the condenser 12 and then led to the mixer 14 and can be used for supplying new chloroform.
- the target p-type is removed while removing TCB, m-DCB and o-DCB using an appropriate treatment means.
- DCB can be crystallized to produce a product.
- FIG. 11 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the reactor 10 has a three-stage configuration.
- the benzene 1 as a raw material is supplied to the first-stage reactor 10 after moisture is removed in advance by a moisture removing means (not shown) if necessary.
- the chlorine gas 2 is supplied to the reactors 10, 10, 10 of each stage.
- an alumina catalyst 18 is installed as a slurry bed.
- a cooling jacket 11 is provided on the peripheral wall of the reactor 10 and is cooled by a cooling medium such as water.
- a stirrer 17, 17, 17 is attached to each reactor 10, 10, 10.
- the reaction product is sequentially led to separators 19, 19, 19 by pumps 20, 20, 20.
- Separators 19, 19, 19 separate the reaction product and the alumina catalyst, and the separated alumina catalyst is returned to the previous reactors 10, 10, 10.
- the reaction product from which the alumina catalyst has been separated is supplied to the subsequent reactors 10 and 10 and the hydrogen chloride removal tower 22. Hydrogen chloride gas generated in each reactor 10, 10, 10 is sent to the next reactor 10, 10 or cooling tower 24.
- hydrogen chloride and a hydrocarbon compound accompanying the hydrogen chloride removal tower 22 are separated from the top of the hydrogen chloride removal tower 22 by lower heating, and this is sent to the cooling tower 24.
- the water phase cooled by the condenser 26 is sprayed into the tower by the pump 28 and cooled, so that the water phase and the hydrocarbon compound are separated in the cooling tower 24, and the separated water phase is 35%.
- An aqueous HCl solution is obtained.
- the hydrocarbon compounds collected in the precipitation tank 30 provided at the bottom of the bottom of the cooling tower 24 are separated into water and hydrocarbon compounds by a subsequent separation tower (not shown), and the hydrocarbon compounds are reused. To do.
- the reaction product collected at the bottom of the hydrogen chloride removal tower 22 is then crystallized from the target p-DCB while removing TCB, m-DCB, and o-DCB using an appropriate treatment means. Can be commercialized.
- Example 1 According to the flow of FIG. 1, chlorobenzene was used as a raw material to produce paradichlorobenzene.
- An alumina molded body of BEA zeolite was installed in the reactor as a fixed bed.
- the chlorination reaction was performed under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 75 ° C. and a pressure of 1.8 kg / cm 2 .
- the degree of chlorination was about 2.0.
- the selectivity of the obtained p-DCB was 77.7%, and p-DCB could be stably produced with high selectivity.
- Example 2 According to the flow of FIG. 9, dichlorobenzene was produced using benzene as a raw material to produce paradichlorobenzene.
- a silica compact of BEA zeolite catalyst was installed as a fixed bed in the reactor.
- the chlorination reaction was carried out under conditions of a reaction temperature of 80 ° C. and a pressure of 1.8 kg / cm 2 .
- the degree of chlorination was about 2.0.
- the selectivity of the obtained p-DCB was 74.6%, and p-DCB could be stably produced with high selectivity.
- Example 3 According to the flow of FIG. 10, chlorobenzene was used as a raw material to produce paradichlorobenzene by chlorination.
- a silica compact of BEA zeolite catalyst was installed as a fixed bed in the reactor.
- the chlorination reaction was carried out under conditions of a reaction temperature of 80 ° C. and a pressure of 1.8 kg / cm 2 .
- the degree of chlorination was about 2.0.
- the selectivity of the obtained p-DCB was 74.6%, and p-DCB could be stably produced with high selectivity.
- Example 4 In accordance with the flow of FIG. 11, chlorobenzene was used as a raw material to produce paradichlorobenzene.
- the chlorination reaction was carried out under conditions of a reaction temperature of 80 ° C. and a pressure of 1.8 kg / cm 2 .
- the degree of chlorination was about 2.0.
- the selectivity of the obtained p-DCB was 72.5%, and p-DCB could be stably produced with high selectivity.
- the comparative example using the homogeneous catalyst ferric chloride FeCl 3 which is a conventional method is shown.
- a reaction apparatus as shown in FIG. 15, a fully mixed reactor 50 with a jacket 51 and a stirrer 52 is used. Chlorine is supplied to this from a blower, benzene and FeCl 3 are supplied, and a jacket is formed by a cooling water unit 53. The reaction is conducted while cooling through 51. The reaction product from the bottom was stored in the liquid storage tank 54 after cooling, and the gas liquid component from the top was stored in the gas liquid storage tank 55 after cooling.
- reaction conditions are as follows. ⁇ Catalyst FeCl 3 concentration: 0.0088 catalyst mol / benzene mol ⁇ Raw material chlorine gas supply rate: 0.85 mol / benzene mol ⁇ Reaction temperature: 80 °C
- FIG. 16 shows the change in the product of chlorination of benzene in this reaction process, expressed as the reaction progress (degree of chlorination). It can be seen from FIG. 16 that the homogeneous catalyst is proceeding sequentially and concurrently. This is probably because the homogeneous catalyst has no resistance to diffusion, and benzene and the Mono isomer, or the Mono isomer and the Di isomer reacted at the same time. Therefore, the Di body selectivity in the reaction remains at a maximum of 80%.
- FIG. 17 shows changes in the selectivity of PDCB in DCB accompanying DCB yield
- FIG. 18 shows changes in the PDCB yield accompanying chlorination. Since the homogeneous catalyst has no steric hindrance in the Ortho-Para orientation, the Para body selectivity is as low as 60% as shown in FIG. Further, since the Di isomer selectivity remains at a maximum of 80%, the maximum Para isomer yield in the reaction is 50% as shown in FIG.
- the experiment was conducted by reducing the reaction temperature under standard conditions from 80 ° C. to 70 ° C. The results are shown in FIG. It can be seen that the para-isomer selectivity does not change even when the reaction temperature is lowered.
- the catalyst amount was changed from 0.0181 g-cat / g-Bz (0.0088 catalyst mol / benzene mol) to about 1/20 0.0010 g-cat / g-Bz (0.00049 catalyst mol / benzene).
- the activity was not changed, and it was clarified that the selectivity was arranged with a single curve as shown in FIG. 20 and the selectivity was not changed.
- a compound having a very high industrial value can be continuously obtained as a raw material for PPS.
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Abstract
Description
ベンゼン及びモノクロロベンゼンの少なくとも一方を原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造する方法において、前記原料及び前記塩素ガスをゼオライトを含む触媒を固定床として内装した反応器に導くこと、前記触媒が、ゼオライトがアルミナゾルを主成分とする成型基剤により成型されて得られることを特徴とするパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
ベンゼン及びモノクロロベンゼンの少なくとも一方を原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造する方法において、ゼオライトを含む触媒を内装した複数段を有する反応器のうち、初段の反応器に前記原料、塩素ガス及び/又は後段の未反応塩素ガスを供給し、前段の反応生成物を次段の反応器に供給し、次段以降の反応器には過剰量の塩素ガスを供給し、最終段の生成反応物からパラジクロロベンゼンを得ることを特徴とするパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
ベンゼン及びモノクロロベンゼンの少なくとも一方を原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造する方法において、ゼオライトを含む触媒を内装した複数段を有する反応器のうち、初段の反応器に前記原料、塩素ガスを供給し、前段の反応生成物を未反応原料と生成物に分離し、未反応原料は前段の反応器に戻し、生成物を次段の反応器に供給し、次段以降の反応器には塩素ガスを供給し、最終段の反応生成物からパラジクロロベンゼンを得ることを特徴とするパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
ベンゼン及びモノクロロベンゼンの少なくとも一方を原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造する方法において、前記原料及び前記塩素ガスをゼオライトを含む触媒をスラリー床として内装した反応器に導くことを特徴とするパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
クロロメタン及びクロロエタンの少なくとも一種の冷却媒体を前記反応器の各段に導入し、前記冷却媒体を蒸発させて前記塩素化反応の温度上昇を抑制する請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
前記冷却媒体の蒸発ガス分は、反応器外で凝縮させその凝縮液を前記冷却媒体として再利用する請求項5記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
前記反応器内に前記ゼオライトを含む触媒を固定床として内装する請求項2または3に記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
前記ゼオライトを含む触媒が、ゼオライトがアルミナゾルを主成分とする成型基剤により成型されて得られる請求項2~4のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
前記ゼオライトがプロトンタイプのゼオライトである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
前記ゼオライトがベータ型のゼオライトである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
前記ゼオライトがMFI型のゼオライトである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
前記原料及び塩素ガスをダウンフローで流通させる請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
前記塩素化反応を温度40~130℃、圧力10atm以下で行う請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
前記反応器は複数段を有し、各反応器には塩素ガスを並列に供給し、初段の反応器に前記原料及び塩素ガスを供給し、前段の反応生成物を次段の反応器に供給し、次段以降の反応器には塩素ガスを並列に供給し、最終段の反応生成物からパラジクロロベンゼンを得る請求項1記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
前記反応器は複数段を有し、初段の反応器に前記原料、塩素ガスを供給し、前段の反応生成物を次段の反応器に供給し、次段以降の反応器には塩素ガスを並列に供給し、最終段の反応生成物からパラジクロロベンゼンを得る請求項4記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
前述のように、塩化第二鉄などの均一系触媒では、p-DCBの選択性が低いばかりでなく、触媒の分離回収の装置的な負担が大きくなる。本発明ではゼオライト触媒を使用することで、p-DCBの選択性を高め、また固体触媒を使用することにより、再利用を可能とした。
1)原料及び原料不純物:ベンゼン、クロロベンゼン、塩素
2)溶剤・溶液及びその不純物:クロロホルム、水
3)反応生成物:モノクロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、トリクロロベンゼン、塩化水素
以上の成分を考慮して、適宜の分離手段を組み合わせて、目的にパラジクロロベンゼンを得る。
Bz(C6H6)→MCB(C6H5Cl)→PDCB、MDCB、ODCB(p-C6H4Cl2、o-C6H4Cl2、m-C6H4Cl2→ TCB(C6H3Cl3)
PDCB合成反応システム: ◇
C6H5Cl +Cl2 → p-C6H4Cl2+HCl (2)
C6H5Cl +Cl2 → o-C6H4Cl2+HCl (3)
C6H5Cl +Cl2 → m-C6H4Cl2+HCl (4)◇
o-C6H4Cl2+Cl2 → C6H3Cl3+HCl (6)
C6H3Cl3 +Cl2 → C6H2Cl4+HCl (7)
ベンゼンの塩素付加反応によるテトラクロロシクロヘキセン及びベンゼンヘキサクロライドの生成:
C6H6 + 2Cl2 → C6H6Cl4 (8)
C6H6 + 3Cl2 → C6H6Cl6 (9)
本発明では、ゼオライトを含む触媒を使用する。このゼオライトとしては、小細孔径タイプのエリオナイト、オフレタイト、フェリエライト、中細孔径タイプのL型、ZSM-5(MFI)、MCM-22(MWW)、大細孔径タイプのベータ型 (BEA)、モルデナイト(MOR)、X型、T型(FAU)等が挙げられ、いずれも使用できる。好ましくは、中細孔径タイプの L型、ZSM-5(MFI)、MCM-22(MWW)、大細孔径タイプのベータ型 (BEA)、モルデナイト(MOR)、X型、T型(FAU) 、Y型(USY)が使用できる。
以下、アルミナを主成分とする成型基剤を用いない例におけるゼオライト触媒を開示する。本形態では、イオン交換サイトを金属カチオンで置換したゼオライトを使用する。
本発明において、ゼオライト触媒は、反応器内に内装される。反応器は、ゼオライト触媒の劣化があるために、多段 (最低 2段)にし、交換的に使用するのが望ましい。ゼオライト触媒は、固定床として使用し、原料及び塩素ガスを流通させてもよく、またスラリー床として使用してもよい(図11)。ゼオライト触媒をスラリー床として使用することにより効率よく温度上昇を抑制し、ある温度範囲に運転を維持することができる。
反応器での反応生成物中には、副生物(炭化水素化合物)及び塩化水素が含まれている。塩化水素の沸点は-85℃であり、極めて液体回収が難しいので、水溶液として回収する。回収する塩化水素濃度はできるだけ高い方が望ましいが、35%HCl程度ならば容易に回収できる。
次に、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態を示す。
10は反応器であり、実施の形態では3段構成である。原料たるベンゼン1は、必要により図示しない水分除去手段により予め水分が除去された後に、第1段の反応器10の塔頂から供給される。
図9は、本発明の第2の実施形態を示す。
ベンゼンを原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造する方法において、ベンゼンと塩素ガスとの反応速度と比較して、反応中間体であるもモノクロロベンゼンと塩素ガスとの反応速度が遅いことにより(図12)、必要触媒量が相対的に大きくなる。それにより触媒を充填する反応器が大きくなり、併せて設備投資が増大する。
図10は、本発明の第3の実施形態を示す。
第3の実施形態は、各段への原料の供給方法に関して新規提案を行うものである。具体的には、前記反応器は複数段を有し、初段の反応器に前記原料、塩素ガス及び/又は冷却媒体を供給し、前段の反応生成物を未反応原料と生成物に分離し、未反応原料は前段の反応器に戻し、生成物を次段の反応器に供給し、次段以降の反応器には塩素ガス及び冷却媒体を供給し、最終段の反応生成物からパラジクロロベンゼンを得る、パラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法である。
この方法により、初段の反応生成物を分離せずに次段の反応器に供給する方法と比較して反応生成物中のパラ選択性を向上させることができる(図14)。
塩素ガス2は、各段の反応器10、10に並列にそれらの塔頂から供給される。各反応器10、10にはコンデンサ12、12が付設されている。クロロホルム(冷却媒体)3は、貯蔵タンクから、混合器14に送られ、ポンプ16により、第1段の反応器10にその塔頂から供給される。また、詳細は図示していない処理フローの後工程で回収された回収クロロホルム3Aがベンゼン1と共に、第1段の反応器10の塔頂から供給されるようになっている。また、前記混合器14には、同じく詳細は図示していない処理フローの後工程で回収された回収クロロホルム3Bが供給される。
図11は、本発明の第4の実施形態を示す。
反応器10は3段構成である。原料たるベンゼン1は、必要により図示しない水分除去手段により予め水分が除去された後に、第1段の反応器10へ供給される。
図1のフローに従ってベンゼンを原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造した。反応器内にBEAゼオライトのアルミナ成型体を固定床として内装した。
反応温度75℃、圧力1.8kg/cm2の条件で塩素化反応を行った。塩素化度としては約2.0とした。
図9のフローに従ってベンゼンを原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造した。反応器内にBEAゼオライト触媒のシリカ成形体を固定床として内装した。
反応温度80℃、圧力1.8kg/cm2の条件で塩素化反応を行った。塩素化度としては約2.0とした。
得られたp-DCBの選択性は74.6%であり、高い選択性をもって、p-DCBを安定して製造できた。
図10のフローに従ってベンゼンを原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造した。反応器内にBEAゼオライト触媒のシリカ成形体を固定床として内装した。
反応温度80℃、圧力1.8kg/cm2の条件で塩素化反応を行った。塩素化度としては約2.0とした。
得られたp-DCBの選択性は74.6%であり、高い選択性をもって、p-DCBを安定して製造できた。
図11のフローに従ってベンゼンを原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造した。反応器内にBEAゼオライト触媒の0.8~3.2mmに造粒されたシリカ成形体をスラリー床として内装した。
反応温度80℃、圧力1.8kg/cm2の条件で塩素化反応を行った。塩素化度としては約2.0とした。
得られたp-DCBの選択性は72.5%であり、高い選択性をもって、p-DCBを安定して製造できた。
従来法である均一系触媒塩化第二鉄FeCl3を用いた比較例を示す。反応装置としては、図15に示すように、ジャケット51及び攪拌機52付き完全混合型反応器50を使用し、これに塩素を供給ブロアから、ベンゼン及びFeCl3を供給し、冷却水ユニット53によりジャケット51を介して冷却しながら反応を行うものである。底部からの反応生成物は冷却後に液貯槽54に、頂部からのガス液成分は冷却後にガス液貯槽55に貯留した。
○ 触媒FeCl3濃度:0.0088触媒mol/ベンゼンmol
○ 原料塩素ガス供給速度:0.85mol/ベンゼンmol
○ 反応温度:80℃
図16から均一系触媒は反応が逐次及び併発的にも進行していることがわかる。この理由として、均一系触媒は拡散の抵抗がないため、ベンゼンとMono体、あるいはMono体とDi体が同時に反応したためだと考えられる。それ故、反応におけるDi体選択性は最大80%に留まる。
Claims (15)
- ベンゼン及びモノクロロベンゼンの少なくとも一方を原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造する方法において、前記原料及び前記塩素ガスをゼオライトを含む触媒を固定床として内装した反応器に導くこと、前記触媒が、ゼオライトがアルミナゾルを主成分とする成型基剤により成型されて得られることを特徴とするパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- ベンゼン及びモノクロロベンゼンの少なくとも一方を原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造する方法において、ゼオライトを含む触媒を内装した複数段を有する反応器のうち、初段の反応器に前記原料、塩素ガス及び/又は後段の未反応塩素ガスを供給し、前段の反応生成物を次段の反応器に供給し、次段以降の反応器には過剰量の塩素ガスを供給し、最終段の生成反応物からパラジクロロベンゼンを得ることを特徴とするパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- ベンゼン及びモノクロロベンゼンの少なくとも一方を原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造する方法において、ゼオライトを含む触媒を内装した複数段を有する反応器のうち、初段の反応器に前記原料、塩素ガスを供給し、前段の反応生成物を未反応原料と生成物に分離し、未反応原料は前段の反応器に戻し、生成物を次段の反応器に供給し、次段以降の反応器には塩素ガスを供給し、最終段の反応生成物からパラジクロロベンゼンを得ることを特徴とするパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- ベンゼン及びモノクロロベンゼンの少なくとも一方を原料として塩素ガスにより塩素化してパラジクロロベンゼンを製造する方法において、前記原料及び前記塩素ガスをゼオライトを含む触媒をスラリー床として内装した反応器に導くことを特徴とするパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- クロロメタン及びクロロエタンの少なくとも一種の冷却媒体を前記反応器の各段に導入し、前記冷却媒体を蒸発させて前記塩素化反応の温度上昇を抑制する請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- 前記冷却媒体の蒸発ガス分は、反応器外で凝縮させその凝縮液を前記冷却媒体として再利用する請求項5記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- 前記反応器内に前記ゼオライトを含む触媒を固定床として内装する請求項2または3に記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- 前記ゼオライトを含む触媒が、ゼオライトがアルミナゾルを主成分とする成型基剤により成型されて得られる請求項2~4のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- 前記ゼオライトがプロトンタイプのゼオライトである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- 前記ゼオライトがベータ型のゼオライトである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- 前記ゼオライトがMFI型のゼオライトである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- 前記原料及び塩素ガスをダウンフローで流通させる請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- 前記塩素化反応を温度40~130℃、圧力10atm以下で行う請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- 前記反応器は複数段を有し、各反応器には塩素ガスを並列に供給し、初段の反応器に前記原料及び塩素ガスを供給し、前段の反応生成物を次段の反応器に供給し、次段以降の反応器には塩素ガスを並列に供給し、最終段の反応生成物からパラジクロロベンゼンを得る請求項1記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
- 前記反応器は複数段を有し、初段の反応器に前記原料、塩素ガスを供給し、前段の反応生成物を次段の反応器に供給し、次段以降の反応器には塩素ガスを並列に供給し、最終段の反応生成物からパラジクロロベンゼンを得る請求項4記載のパラジクロロベンゼンの製造方法。
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