WO2010035749A1 - 脂質の濃縮方法 - Google Patents
脂質の濃縮方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010035749A1 WO2010035749A1 PCT/JP2009/066529 JP2009066529W WO2010035749A1 WO 2010035749 A1 WO2010035749 A1 WO 2010035749A1 JP 2009066529 W JP2009066529 W JP 2009066529W WO 2010035749 A1 WO2010035749 A1 WO 2010035749A1
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- lipid
- solid content
- lipid component
- crustacean
- weight
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J7/00—Phosphatide compositions for foodstuffs, e.g. lecithin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/04—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from fish or other sea animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/40—Shell-fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
- A61K35/612—Crustaceans, e.g. crabs, lobsters, shrimps, krill or crayfish; Barnacles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/06—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for efficiently producing lipids contained in crustaceans, particularly phospholipids, or a composition enriched with lipids that can be used as a raw material for foods, feeds and the like.
- Edible lipids have been industrially manufactured for a long time.
- soybean oil which is currently produced in the largest amount
- the raw soybean is washed, peeled off if necessary, crushed and compacted, and often extracted with an organic solvent such as hexane at about 50 to 60 ° C.
- the extract is then filtered and desolventized (often distilled) to obtain a crude oil.
- This crude oil is further filtered to remove the insoluble fraction by filtration or centrifugation, and water is added to remove water-soluble substances (degumming), followed by deoxidation, decolorization, and deodorization steps to obtain a product.
- Non-patent Document 1 In general, it is relatively easy to produce lipids from plant materials containing a high amount of lipids such as plant seeds (Non-patent Document 1).
- the oil components are separated by simply heating the raw materials after washing them, so that they can be manufactured more easily.
- fish oil is produced by refining it (Non-patent Document 2).
- the lipids obtained by these methods are mainly triglycerides.
- Phospholipids one of the lipids, are known to improve fatty liver derived from choline deficiency, reduce blood LDL (bad cholesterol), increase blood HDL (good cholesterol), and other health functions. Improvement of neuropathy resulting from hypertension and acetylcholine deficiency, and promotion of absorption of fat-soluble vitamins are expected.
- phospholipids are often separated and purified from soybean and chicken egg yolk. In the case of soybean, phospholipid is contained in the fraction removed as insoluble in the degumming step in the soybean oil production process, and this is decolorized and dried to obtain a phospholipid product called lecithin (Non-patent Document 3). ).
- Soybean oil is a very large market and phospholipids as a derivative can be obtained in large quantities.
- lipid In the case of chicken egg yolk, about one third of its weight is lipid, and about one third of the lipid is phospholipid, so that extraction and purification of phospholipid is relatively easy but efficient.
- it is necessary to remove water from the raw egg yolk in advance, and dry egg yolk is produced by adding heat costs, from which phospholipids are extracted.
- a method of extracting a lipid after drying the raw material in advance for example, a method of extracting a lipid after previously drying the raw material marine product to a moisture of 10% by weight or less (Patent Document 1)
- a method of extracting lipids after freeze-drying the raw material Patent Document 2
- a method using an organic solvent for example, extracting a lipid using a mixture of acetone and water for raw fish and shellfish
- Patent Document 3 a method of using acetone as a first step
- polyunsaturated fatty acids are known for prevention and improvement of lifestyle-related diseases (arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, dementia, etc.) and immunosuppressive action (allergy and atopy reduction).
- lifestyle-related diseases arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, dementia, etc.
- immunosuppressive action allergy and atopy reduction.
- Prevention of cardiovascular diseases such as reduction and platelet aggregation inhibitory action, and DHA are expected to have effects such as growth and maintenance of nerve tissue, and improvement of visual acuity (Non-Patent Document 4).
- Seafood lipids are promising as a source of phospholipids and at the same time as a source of highly unsaturated fatty acids such as EPA and DHA.
- extraction and purification of lipids has not been easy.
- Patent Document 5 As a method for extracting protein from krill, which is a crustacean, a method for obtaining protein by coagulating a protein component of krill with heat has been known (Patent Document 5). However, the coagulum “Okean” obtained by this method is intended to obtain a protein (Non-patent Document 5).
- krill is heated as it is to about 60-75 ° C. and heated, and the resulting aqueous solution as a supernatant is heated to 90 ° C. or higher.
- Patent Document 6 A method for obtaining a coagulated product by reheating is disclosed (Patent Document 6). JP-A-8-325192 Japanese Patent No.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently concentrating lipid components from crustaceans and an effective method for using the composition obtained thereby.
- the present inventors have conducted extensive studies on a method for easily separating and concentrating crustacean-derived lipids, and as a result, liquid parts such as crustacean shells, internal organs other than muscles, and internal tissues of craniothoracic regions.
- the lipid is localized in the solid part by heating and then coagulating the protein by heating the liquid part containing the water-soluble contaminants, and further water-soluble organic acids, amino acids and peptides.
- the present inventors have found that foreign matters such as these can be removed from the solid portion by a simple method such as filtration and centrifugation, and the present invention has been completed. Accordingly, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- a method for producing a lipid characterized in that the lipid is obtained from a solid content containing a lipid component obtained by the method according to any one of (1) to (5) or a dried product thereof.
- a triglyceride is separated by supercritical extraction from a solid content containing a lipid component obtained by the method according to any one of (1) to (5) or a dried product thereof, and phospholipid is obtained from the extraction residue.
- a method for producing phospholipids A method for producing phospholipids.
- a fat-and-oil-containing composition comprising lipids and proteins derived from crustacean pressing liquid, and containing at least 30% by weight of lipids.
- a food or feed comprising the oil / fat-containing composition according to (12) added as an oil / fat supply source.
- lipids rich in phospholipids from crustaceans can be easily and inexpensively produced.
- the solid containing lipid obtained by the method or a dried product thereof, and the solid contains a crustacean-derived protein and lipid as main components and can be used as a raw material for food and feed.
- the present invention provides a crustacean characterized by heating a compressed liquid obtained by squeezing the entire crustacean or a part thereof, and solid-liquid separation of a solid content including a lipid component and moisture including a water-soluble component.
- the present invention relates to a method for concentrating contained lipids.
- the crustacea that is the raw material of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it belongs to the soft crustacean (shrimp class), but those belonging to the krill or decapod are used in particular. Specific examples include krill, shrimp, crab, and the like, and shrimp head and chest, shrimp gall meal, krill meal, and the like. At this time, the kind of krill is not particularly limited, but particularly preferred is Euphausia superba.
- These raw materials may be either heated or unheated as long as they contain lipids, but preferably unheated products such as fresh fish (raw), frozen, or thawed frozen products are used. It is done.
- the squeezing method is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used. For example, a hydraulic squeezing machine, a screw press, a meat mining machine, a press dehydrator, a centrifuge, or the like is used in combination.
- the whole shellfish or a part thereof may be pressed to obtain a compressed liquid in an amount corresponding to 5 to 50% of the wet weight.
- 5% or less of the squeezing is not enough to extract and extract the lipid, and 50% or more of the squeezing can sufficiently squeeze the lipid, but there are other contaminants such as water-soluble organic acids, amino acids, peptides, and proteins. It is because the process at the time of mixing and separating and extracting a lipid will become complicated after that. However, when it is intended to obtain a solid content containing a lipid component, it may be compressed by 50% or more. In addition, the compressed rattle that is generated when the compressed liquid is obtained can be used as a feed raw material in accordance with a normal method for using krill.
- the heating method is not particularly limited, and any conventional method may be used.
- the heating temperature may be heated to a temperature at which the protein coagulates, for example, 50 ° C. or higher, preferably 70 to 150 ° C., particularly preferably 85 to 110 ° C. is there. You may heat under pressure or pressure reduction. Thereby, it isolate
- a lipid-containing solid content hereinafter sometimes referred to as a lipid-containing composition or a heat-coagulated product.
- lipids may be extracted from this lipid-containing solid or a dried product thereof.
- the lipid extraction method is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used method, but a solvent extraction, pH adjustment or separation or removal of protein components by enzyme treatment, supercritical extraction, or a combination of these is used.
- extraction with an organic solvent, enzymatic treatment followed by extraction with an organic solvent, or supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is used.
- an appropriate organic solvent for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform, toluene, pentane, hexane, Cyclohexane or the like can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- lipids are extracted using a hexane-ethanol mixture.
- the solvent mixing ratio or the raw material: solvent ratio may be set arbitrarily.
- the enzyme used in the enzyme treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is used in foods, but a protease such as Alcalase (registered trademark) (manufactured by Novozyme), protease A, M, P, pancreatin F (Amano) Enzyme) etc. are used.
- the pH and temperature conditions of the enzyme treatment may be set according to the enzyme used, for example, the method described in Takashi Yamashita, “New Food Processing Technology I” (Industrial Technology Association, 1986, p. 204-284). Etc. can be referred to.
- the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method may be carried out in accordance with a conventional method, for example, edited by Takashi Yamashita, “New Food Processing Technology I”, Industrial Technology Association, 1986, p. Reference can be made to the method described in 79-102.
- lipids rich in phospholipids from crustaceans can be easily and inexpensively produced.
- the lipid-containing solid content obtained by the method of the present invention is one in which lipids are efficiently concentrated.
- This lipid-containing solid content contains 30% by weight or more, preferably 40% by weight or more of the lipid based on the whole, and 50% by weight or more of the lipid is characterized by being phospholipid.
- This lipid-containing solid or dried product thereof, or the lipid extracted therefrom by the above method is rich in phospholipids, and lipids containing highly unsaturated fatty acids such as EPA and DHA are obtained. It can be used as a raw material, a food material, or a feed material.
- the method for drying the solid content may follow a conventional method.
- the present invention is a composition containing lipids and proteins derived from crustacean pressing liquid, wherein the composition contains at least 35% by weight, preferably 40% by weight or more of lipids. About.
- This composition can be obtained by the method described above.
- the lipid contained in this composition is 50% by weight or more of phospholipid, and 15% by weight or more of EPA and DHA.
- This composition contains phospholipids and lipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids such as EPA and DHA, which can be used as pharmaceutical raw materials, food raw materials, feed raw materials and the like.
- drying may be performed.
- drying by high frequency / microwave heating, vacuum / vacuum drying, freeze-thawing, drying with a desiccant, or a combination thereof may be performed. If the temperature becomes too high during drying, the oxidized lipid will give off a bad odor. Therefore, drying should be performed at 90 ° C. or lower, preferably 75 ° C. or lower, more preferably 55 ° C. or lower. Drying may be performed after preparing the lipid-containing solid, or may be performed afterwards when washing with water. When producing lipid-containing solids at sea using caught krill, it is better to dry before transportation in consideration of transportation costs.
- the lipid-containing solid content obtained by the method of the present invention contains a large amount of astaxanthin. Since crustacean astaxanthin is contained in a large amount in the tissue inside the shell, and the destruction of the tissue inside the shell is not sufficient only by heat treatment or the like, lipids rich in astaxanthin can be concentrated because the krill is squeezed.
- the squeezing method is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used. For example, a hydraulic squeezing machine, a screw press, a meat mining machine, a press dehydrator, a centrifuge, or the like is used in combination.
- the lipid-containing solid content thus obtained can contain astaxanthin in the lipid at a ratio of 100 ppm, preferably 150 ppm.
- the present invention also provides a lipid-containing composition comprising a lipid and a protein derived from a crustacean pressing solution, wherein the lipid-containing composition contains at least 30% by weight, preferably 40% by weight or more of lipid. About. Furthermore, in addition to these characteristics, this invention relates to the lipid containing composition characterized by the sodium chloride being 40% or less among ash. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a lipid-containing composition characterized by containing 100 ppm or more of astaxanthin in addition to these characteristics. This composition can be obtained by the method described above. The lipid contained in this composition is 50% by weight or more of phospholipid, and 15% by weight or more of EPA and / or DHA. This composition contains phospholipids and lipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids such as EPA and DHA, which can be used as pharmaceutical raw materials, food raw materials, feed raw materials and the like.
- the compressed liquid is united with the previously obtained thawing drip, heated in a steam-type heating kettle (kneader) with a capacity of 1 t, the temperature reached 95 ° C., and the heating is stopped.
- the solid content) was fractionated by a natural drop method in a stainless steel commercial colander.
- the thermally coagulated product was dried using a steam heating vacuum dryer (Ribocorn manufactured by Okawara Seisakusho, model RM200VD) to obtain 9.0 kg (lot 1) and 15.8 kg (lot 2) of dried products.
- the components of the raw material krill and the dried product of the heat-coagulated product are shown in Table 1.
- the fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography (Agilent Technology, Model 6890N) after converting the constituent fatty acid to methyl ester in boron trifluoride.
- the gas chromatography column used was J & W Scientific, DB-WAX (model number 122-7032), and the carrier gas was helium, which was detected with a flame ionization detector.
- the dried product of the present heat-coagulated product was not denatured by smell, color, etc. even when stored for 1 year at room temperature, and its lipid component was not oxidized and kept stable.
- the components of the heat coagulated product of the present invention are useful as raw materials for livestock and aquatic feeds.
- each compressed liquid is heated in a 50 L steam-type heating kettle (rice boiler), the temperature reached 95 ° C., heating is stopped, and the generated thermal coagulum (solid content containing lipid) Were separated by a natural drop method in a stainless steel colander.
- Table 3 shows the yield and components of the obtained heat coagulated product of each lot. The yield indicates a weight ratio with respect to the thawing raw material used. The dry weight% indicates the weight% of each component per weight obtained by subtracting the weight of water from the total weight (the same applies to the following examples unless otherwise specified).
- Mass production of krill compressed liquid heat coagulated material 10 tons of Antarctic krill with a total length of 45 mm or more caught in the Antarctic Ocean in mid-June 2008 is compressed with a meat mining machine (Badader, model BADER 605) immediately after fishing. A liquid 3t was obtained. 800 kg of this compressed liquid was stored in a stainless steel tank and heated by directly adding 140 ° C. water vapor. The heating was stopped after confirming that the temperature reached 85 ° C. in heating for about 60 minutes.
- Tables 17 and 18 show the average values and standard deviations of a total of 8 lots produced 8 times in the same year from May to August of the same year.
- TG represents triglyceride
- FFA represents free fatty acid
- PL represents phospholipid.
- Table 23 shows the analysis value of each heat-coagulated product.
- the lipids, proteins and ash in the table indicate the weight% based on the total weight, and the water content was calculated by subtracting these from 100% for A to D, and actually measured for E.
- Each lipid composition represents the weight percent of each composition component relative to the total lipid.
- the total lipid represents the total solid content, that is, the weight percentage of lipid relative to the total weight of lipid, protein and ash.
- the present invention is useful as a simple and inexpensive method for producing lipids rich in phospholipids.
- a solid content containing the lipid obtained by the method or a dried product thereof, a lipid extracted therefrom, and a composition rich in useful lipids derived from crustaceans are used as pharmaceutical raw materials, food materials, or feeds. Useful as a raw material.
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Abstract
Description
また、本願出願後、優先権主張期間内に開示された発明として、オキアミをそのまま60~75℃付近になるまで熱水を入れて加熱して、得られた上澄みである水溶液を90℃以上に再加熱して凝固物を得る方法が開示されている(特許文献6)。
(1)甲殻類全体またはその部分を圧搾して得られる圧搾液を加熱し、脂質成分を含む固形分と水溶性成分を含む水分とを固液分離することを特徴とする、甲殻類に含まれる脂質の濃縮方法。
(2)甲殻類全体またはその部分を未加熱の状態で圧搾することを特徴とする、(1)記載の脂質の濃縮方法。
(3)圧搾液に含まれるタンパク質が凝固する温度に圧搾液を加熱することを特徴とする、(1)又は(2)記載の脂質の濃縮方法。
(4)固液分離がろ過及び/又は遠心分離によることを特徴とする、(1)乃至(3)いずれか記載の脂質の濃縮方法。
(5)甲殻類がオキアミ目に属する甲殻類である、(1)乃至(4)いずれか記載の脂質の濃縮方法。
(6)(1)乃至(5)いずれか記載の方法により得られる脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物。
(7)脂質成分を30重量%(乾燥重量)以上含有するものである、(6)記載の脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物。
(8)脂質成分のうち50重量%以上がリン脂質である、(6)又は(7)記載の脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物。
(9)(1)乃至(5)いずれか記載の方法により得た脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物から脂質を得ることを特徴とする、脂質の製造方法。
(10)脂質を得る方法が、有機溶媒抽出、酵素処理した後有機溶媒抽出、超臨界抽出のいずれかの方法によることを特徴とする、(9)の脂質の製造方法。
(11)(1)乃至(5)いずれか記載の方法により得た脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物から超臨界抽出によりトリグリセリドを分離し、抽出残渣からリン脂質を得ることを特徴とする、リン脂質の製造方法。
(12)甲殻類の圧搾液に由来する脂質とタンパク質を含有し、少なくとも脂質を30重量%以上含有することを特徴とする油脂含有組成物。
(13)(12)の油脂含有組成物を油脂供給源として添加した食品又は飼料。
(14)(1)乃至(5)記載の方法により得た脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物を水洗いして得られる固形分又はその乾燥物。
(15)脂質成分を40%以上含有するものである、(14)記載の脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物。
(16)脂質成分のうち50%以上がリン脂質である、(14)又は(15)記載の脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物。
圧搾方法としては一般に用いられるものであれば特に限定されないが、例えば油圧式圧搾機、スクリュープレス、採肉機、プレス脱水機、遠心分離機等、あるいはこれらを組み合わせて用いる。脂質を取得することを目的とする場合には、甲殻類全体またはその部分を圧搾して湿重量の5~50%に相当する量の圧搾液を得るように圧搾を行うと良い。5%以下の圧搾では脂質を十分に圧搾抽出できていないこと、また50%以上の圧搾では脂質は十分に圧搾できているものの、水溶性有機酸、アミノ酸、ペプチド、タンパク質等他の夾雑物が混入し、その後脂質を分離抽出する際の工程が煩雑になってしまうことからである。但し、脂質成分を含む固形分を取得することを目的とする時には、50%以上圧搾しても構わない。また、圧搾液を得た際に発生する圧搾ガラについては、通常のオキアミの利用方法に準じて飼料原料等に利用することが可能である。
2005年7月下旬に南極海にて漁獲し、直ちに-30℃に冷凍した全長45mm以上のナンキョクオキアミ400kgを室温(15℃)にて通風解凍した。この解凍オキアミを油圧式圧搾機(東京テクノ社製、原料セル約2m×約68cm×約40cmH)を用いて搾液率(解凍オキアミ投入量に対する圧搾液の収量)13重量%(ロット1)及び26重量%(ロット2)にて圧搾した。圧搾液は先に得られた解凍ドリップと合一し、容量1tの蒸気式加熱釜(ニーダー)にて加熱し、95℃達温を確認して加熱を停止し、発生した熱凝固物(脂質含有固形分)をステンレス製市販ザルにて自然落下法にて分別した。熱凝固物は蒸気加熱型真空乾燥機(大川原製作所製リボコーン、型式RM200VD)を用いて乾燥し、乾燥物9.0kg(ロット1)及び15.8kg(ロット2)を得た。原料のオキアミ及び得られた熱凝固物の乾燥物の成分を表1に示す。
本熱凝固物の乾燥物は、室温で1年間保存した場合でも、におい、色などで判別される変性はなく、その脂質成分が酸化されず安定に保持された。また、表1および表2に示されるように、本発明の熱凝固物の成分は畜産及び水産飼料原料として有用である。
実施例1と同じオキアミを室温(8℃)で通風解凍し、解凍ドリップを除去した。この解凍オキアミをスクリュープレス脱水機(富国工業社製SHX-200型×1.5ML)に投入して、搾液率(解凍オキアミ投入量に対する圧搾液の収量)17~36重量%にて圧搾液を得た(ロット3~6)。それぞれの圧搾液の約5kgを容量50Lの蒸気式加熱釜(ライスボイラー)にて加熱し、95℃達温を確認して加熱を停止し、発生した熱凝固物(脂質を含有する固形分)をステンレス製市販ザルにて自然落下法にて分別した。得られた各ロットの熱凝固物の収率及び成分を、表3に示す。収率は用いた解凍原料に対する重量比率を示す。なお乾重%とは全重量から水分重量を引いた重量あたりの各成分の重量%を示す(特に記載のある場合の除き、以下の実施例で同じ)。
2006年7月中旬に南極海にて漁獲した全長45mm以上のナンキョクオキアミ10tを漁獲直後に採肉機(バーダー社製、型式BAADER605)にて圧搾し、圧搾液3tを得、直ちに冷凍した。この冷凍圧搾液を蒸気式加熱釜中加熱し、95℃達温を確認して加熱を停止した。加熱物全量を200メッシュの濾布を用いて遠心脱水機(大栄製作所製型式DT-1)に投入し、エキス(濾液)を分離し熱凝固物(脂質含有固形分)を得た。原料及び得られた熱凝固物の成分を、表6に示す。
実施例3にて製造した熱凝固物(脂質含有固形分)の乾燥品10gを用い、100mLのクロロホルム中にてホモジナイズ処理し、抽出油3.71gを得た。この抽出油をシリカゲル(旭硝子社製、マイクロスフェアゲル、型番M.S GEL SIL、300g)カラムに吸着させ、クロロホルムにて中性脂質など洗脱した。その後移動層をメタノールに変更してリン脂質0.228gを回収した。熱凝固物乾燥品10g中の脂質の分析値は4.72gであった。本リン脂質についてイアトロスキャン法(展開溶媒はクロロホルム:メタノール:水=65:25:4)で検討したところ、このリン脂質はホスファチジルコリンが96重量%、ホスファチジルエタノールアミンが4重量%を占めることがわかった。また、本実施例により得られたリン脂質の脂肪酸組成について、実施例1と同様に分析した。結果を表8に示す。
実施例3にて製造した熱凝固物(脂質を含有する固形分)の乾燥品2.00g(総脂質含有量の分析値は0.94g)を用い、50mLのヘキサン-エタノール混液にて脂質を抽出した(原料:溶媒=1:25)。この脂質を用い、2種類の溶媒の混合比を100:0から0:100まで変更して抽出効率を比較した。抽出油の収量と、これをイアトロスキャン法にて脂質分析したリン脂質の純度を表9に示す。
実施例3にてオキアミ圧搾液から得た熱凝固物(脂質を含有する固形分)乾燥品を用い、これからヘキサン-エタノール混合比60:40の溶媒を用いて、実施例5と同様の手順で抽出油を得た。ただし、原料:溶媒比を1:5~1:20に変更した。抽出油について分析結果を表10に示す。
実施例3において製造した熱凝固物(脂質を含有する固形分)3gに対し、蒸留水30gを加えてホモジナイズ処理した。熱凝固物は均一に分散した。この液(pH7.5)に対し、市販液状酵素(ノボザイム社製アルカラーゼ2.4L)を1μLまたは市販粉末状酵素(天野エンザイム製プロテアーゼA、プロテアーゼM、プロテアーゼPまたはパンクレアチンF)を1mg添加して、50℃で2時間酵素反応を作用させた。その後反応液のpHを2規定濃度塩酸で1.4に調整し、50℃で遠心分離(2230g、10分)処理した。表層に分離した油を含む液層全体を回収した。この液層全体と沈殿物とに含まれる脂質をそれぞれクロロホルム:メタノール=2:1混合溶媒にて定量し、回収率を求めた。結果を表11に示す。
実施例3において製造した熱凝固物(脂質を含有する固形分;水分61.2重量%のもの)またはこれから得た乾燥物(水分2.0重量%)を用い、34.3MPa、40℃の条件にて超臨界二酸化炭素による脂質成分の抽出を実施し、抽出物と抽出残渣とを得た。結果を表12に示す。
2007年4~8月に南極海にて漁獲後直ちに-30℃に冷凍した全長30mm~44mmのナンキョクオキアミ20kgを冷蔵庫内(4℃)にて一晩通風解凍した。この解凍オキアミをフィルタースクリュープレス(荒井鉄工所製、型式MM-2)を用いて、搾液率(解凍オキアミ投入量に対する圧搾液の収量)40~45重量%にて圧搾した。得られた圧搾液の約5kgを容量50Lの蒸気式加熱釜(ライスボイラー)にて加熱し、95℃達温を確認して加熱を停止し、発生した熱凝固物(脂質を含有する固形分)をステンレス製市販ザルにて自然落下法にて分別した。同じ実験を異なるオキアミのロットで3回行い、原料及び得られた熱凝固物の成分を表14及び表15にそれぞれ示す。また、熱凝固物の脂質組成及び脂肪酸組成を表16に示す。
2008年6月中旬に南極海にて漁獲した全長45mm以上のナンキョクオキアミ10tを漁獲直後に採肉機(バーダー社製、型式BAADER605)にて圧搾し、圧搾液3tを得た。この圧搾液800kgをステンレスタンクに収納し、140℃の水蒸気を直接投入することにより加熱した。約60分の加熱において85℃達温を確認して加熱を停止した。タンク底部のバルブを開放し、目合い2mmメッシュを通過する液状成分を自然落下により除去し、固形分(熱凝固物)は同量の水をシャワリングすることにより洗浄した後、アルミ製のトレイに12kgずつ収納してコンタクトフリーザにより急速冷凍した。得られた熱凝固物の成分を表17、表18に示す。また同様の実験を8回行い、同年5~8月の間に生産した合計8ロットの平均値と標準偏差を表17、表18に示す。尚、表中TGはトリグリセリド、FFAは遊離脂肪酸、PLはリン脂質をそれぞれ表す。
実施例10で製造し、冷凍庫で3ヶ月保管した熱凝固物1トンを3000リットルの水に投入し、これを撹拌しながら加熱して65℃に達温後10分保持した。24メッシュナイロンを用いて水切りし、固形分を3000リットルの水(20℃)に投入した。15分の撹拌後、24メッシュナイロンにて水切りし、さらに遠心脱水機(タナベ製遠心分離機 O-30、15秒)で処理して固形分564kg(水分73%)を得た。このものにトコフェロール1.54kgを添加し、ミキサーでよく混和し、熱風温度60℃にて3.2時間乾燥し、洗浄・乾燥物148.4kgを得た。得られた洗浄・乾燥物の成分を表19、表20に示す。
実施例11にて製造した洗浄・乾燥物299.6kgに99%エタノール1200リットルを添加し、60℃に加温して2時間撹拌した。その後ナイロンの100メッシュを用い自然落下法により固液分離して抽出液Aおよび抽出粕aを得た。抽出粕aに99%エタノール800リットルを添加し、60℃に加温して2時間撹拌後ナイロン100メッシュを用いて固液分離し、抽出液Bおよび抽出粕bを得た。抽出粕bに99%エタノール700リットルを添加し、60℃に加温して2時間撹拌後ナイロン100メッシュを用いて固液分離し、抽出液Cおよび390kg(うち105℃、4時間の乾燥減量は61.8%)の抽出粕cを得た。抽出液A、抽出液B及び抽出液Cを合一すると2089kgとなった。これを液温60℃以下で減圧濃縮し、エタノールおよび水を溜去し、抽出脂質141.6kgを得た。得られた抽出脂質の成分を表21、表22に示す。
2008年6~7月に南極海にて漁獲し、冷凍したオキアミ(生冷)を室温で解凍した。このオキアミを30メッシュのナイロンシーブを用いて圧搾し、全重量に対して5~50重量%の圧搾液を得るような圧搾率で圧搾した。得られた各圧搾液を85℃以上で5分間加熱し、熱凝固物を調製した。また圧搾率50%の圧搾液から得られた熱凝固物を4倍量の水で2回洗浄し、得られた洗浄物を60℃の熱風にて撹拌しながら4時間乾燥して、熱凝固物の洗浄・乾燥物を得た。各熱凝固物の分析値を表23に示す。表中の脂質、タンパク質、灰分は全体重量に対しての重量%を示し、水分はAからDについてはこれらを全体100%から引いたものとして計算し、Eについては実測した。各脂質組成は全脂質に対しての各組成成分の重量%を示す。総脂質は全体固形分すなわち、脂質とタンパク質と灰分を足した重量に対しての脂質の重量%を示す。
また、水洗いにより水溶性のタンパク質と灰分が洗い流されるため、固形分あたりの脂質の重量%は水洗い前より増加していることが分かる。
Claims (16)
- 甲殻類全体またはその部分を圧搾して得られる圧搾液を加熱し、脂質成分を含む固形分と水溶性成分を含む水分とを固液分離することを特徴とする、甲殻類に含まれる脂質の濃縮方法。
- 甲殻類全体またはその部分を未加熱の状態で圧搾することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の脂質の濃縮方法。
- 圧搾液に含まれるタンパク質が凝固する温度に圧搾液を加熱することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2記載の脂質の濃縮方法。
- 固液分離がろ過及び/又は遠心分離によることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至3いずれか記載の脂質の濃縮方法。
- 甲殻類がオキアミ目に属する甲殻類である、請求項1乃至4いずれか記載の脂質の濃縮方法。
- 請求項1乃至5いずれか記載の方法により得られる脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物。
- 脂質成分を35重量%(乾燥重量)以上含有するものである、請求項6記載の脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物。
- 脂質成分のうち50重量%以上がリン脂質である、請求項6又は7記載の脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物。
- 請求項1乃至5いずれか記載の方法により得た脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物から脂質を得ることを特徴とする、脂質の製造方法。
- 脂質を得る方法が、有機溶媒抽出、酵素処理した後有機溶媒抽出、超臨界抽出のいずれかの方法によることを特徴とする、請求項9の脂質の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至5いずれか記載の方法により得た脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物から超臨界抽出によりトリグリセリドを分離し、抽出残渣からリン脂質を得ることを特徴とする、リン脂質の製造方法。
- 甲殻類の圧搾液に由来する脂質とタンパク質を含有し、少なくとも脂質を35重量%(乾燥重量)以上含有することを特徴とする油脂含有組成物。
- 請求項12の油脂含有組成物を油脂供給源として添加した食品又は飼料。
- 請求項1乃至5記載の方法により得た脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物を水洗いして得られる固形分又はその乾燥物。
- 脂質成分を40%以上含有するものである、請求項14記載の脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物。
- 脂質成分のうち50%以上がリン脂質である、請求項14又は15記載の脂質成分を含む固形分又はその乾燥物。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2010035750A1 (ja) | 2010-04-01 |
US20110189760A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
CN102202519B (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
KR20180010325A (ko) | 2018-01-30 |
EP2332424A1 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
EP2335494A4 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
CN102196733B (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
CA2738282C (en) | 2016-05-24 |
EP2332424A4 (en) | 2013-03-13 |
CN104522293A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
JP5703022B2 (ja) | 2015-04-15 |
US8568819B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
US8784921B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
CN104522293B (zh) | 2017-10-10 |
CN102202519A (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
CA2738285A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
JPWO2010035750A1 (ja) | 2012-02-23 |
CA2738282A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
JP5703021B2 (ja) | 2015-04-15 |
CA2738285C (en) | 2017-03-07 |
KR20110073481A (ko) | 2011-06-29 |
JPWO2010035749A1 (ja) | 2012-02-23 |
KR101650596B1 (ko) | 2016-08-23 |
CN102196733A (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
KR20110074973A (ko) | 2011-07-05 |
US20110189374A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
EP2332424B1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
EP2335494A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
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