WO2010007930A1 - 新規エチレン系化合物、それを含む電荷輸送材料、それを含む電子写真用感光体およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
新規エチレン系化合物、それを含む電荷輸送材料、それを含む電子写真用感光体およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010007930A1 WO2010007930A1 PCT/JP2009/062505 JP2009062505W WO2010007930A1 WO 2010007930 A1 WO2010007930 A1 WO 2010007930A1 JP 2009062505 W JP2009062505 W JP 2009062505W WO 2010007930 A1 WO2010007930 A1 WO 2010007930A1
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- 0 *C(c(cc1)ccc1N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1)=C(c1ccccc1)[Al] Chemical compound *C(c(cc1)ccc1N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1)=C(c1ccccc1)[Al] 0.000 description 5
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0612—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing nitrogen
- G03G5/0614—Amines
- G03G5/06142—Amines arylamine
- G03G5/06147—Amines arylamine alkenylarylamine
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0666—Dyes containing a methine or polymethine group
- G03G5/0668—Dyes containing a methine or polymethine group containing only one methine or polymethine group
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0696—Phthalocyanines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor (hereinafter also simply referred to as “photoreceptor”) and a method for producing the same, and more specifically, an electrophotographic printer, copy, mainly comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer containing an organic material.
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor used in a machine, a fax machine, and the like, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Image forming methods using electrophotography include office copying machines, printers, plotters, and digital image multifunction devices that combine these functions, as well as small personal printers and fax transceivers in recent years. Is also widely applied.
- Patent Document 1 many photoconductors have been developed since the invention of Carlson (Patent Document 1) as photoconductors for electrophotographic devices, and those using organic materials are particularly common.
- Examples of such a photoreceptor include an anodized film, a subbing layer such as a resin film on a conductive substrate such as aluminum, a charge generation layer containing an organic pigment having a photoconductivity such as a phthalocyanine or an azo pigment, and a ⁇ -electron conjugate.
- a charge transport layer including a molecule having a partial structure involved in charge hopping conduction such as amine and hydrazone bonded to the system and a protective layer are laminated.
- a single-layer type photoreceptor having both charge generation and charge transport functions is also known. Further, the single layer type photoreceptor may have an undercoat layer.
- a conductive substrate is used in a paint obtained by dissolving or dispersing a pigment having a function such as charge generation or light scattering, or a charge transport agent that plays a role in charge transport in an appropriate resin solution.
- the method of dip-coating is generally used because it is excellent in mass productivity.
- phthalocyanines have a large absorbance in the oscillation wavelength region of a semiconductor laser and have an excellent charge generation ability compared with other charge generation agents, so that they are widely studied as materials for photosensitive layers.
- photoreceptors using various phthalocyanines having copper, aluminum, indium, vanadium, titanium or the like as a central metal (Patent Documents 2 to 5).
- the contact charging method As a method for charging the photosensitive member, there is a non-contact charging method in which the charging member and the photosensitive member are not contacted by corona discharge from a scorotron, a charging member such as a roller made of conductive rubber or a brush made of conductive fiber, and the like. There is a contact charging method in which the photosensitive member comes into contact. Since the contact charging method has a shorter discharge distance in the atmosphere than the non-contact charging method, the generation of ozone is small, the power supply voltage may be low, and there is no deposition of dirt on the charging member caused by the discharge. Maintenance free. In addition, the contact charging method can make the charging position on the photosensitive member uniform. Accordingly, since a more compact, low-cost, and low environmental pollution electrophotographic apparatus can be realized, the contact charging method is mainly used for medium-sized to small-sized apparatuses.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a technique for adding an orange dye compound, Patent Document 7 for adding an orange dye, and Patent Document 8 for adding a compound having a maximum absorption wavelength at 480 nm.
- Patent Documents 9 to 12 and the like disclose ethylene-based compounds having many double bonds as charge transporting agents. Yes.
- Patent Documents 6 to 8 and the like the technique of adding a specific additive to the charge transport layer is limited to the phthalocyanine pigment or the specific charge transport agent. Further, this document does not describe anything other than the light deterioration preventing effect for preventing the photodecomposition of the charge transfer agent or the like in consideration of light absorption. In addition, the compounds described in Patent Documents 9 to 12 have not shown a sufficient effect on light fatigue.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an ethylene-based compound and a charge transporting agent that are small in photodegradation, and in addition, an electrophotographic photoreceptor capable of preventing the increase in residual potential accompanying fatigue due to less photo-fatigue, Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that has stable characteristics as an electrophotographic photosensitive member even when used for a long period of time, and that can stably obtain a good image, and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors diligently studied and repeated experiments on an electrophotographic photoreceptor capable of preventing photodeterioration, photo fatigue, and accompanying increase in residual potential due to repeated use.
- a compound having a tetrasubstituted ethylene structure having a specific structure for the photosensitive layer photodegradation hardly occurs, photodegradation can be suppressed, and Z-form / E-form (cis-form)
- photo fatigue is suppressed because it has a structure in which trans (cis-trans) photoisomerization hardly occurs.
- the present inventors have found that an electrophotographic photoreceptor having extremely excellent characteristics can be provided because photodegradation and light fatigue can be prevented, and the present invention has been completed.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate, and the photosensitive layer includes In the following general formula (I), It contains an ethylene-based compound represented by:
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a tolyl group, and Ar represents an aryl group or heterocyclic group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the position of R 4 and Ar may be either a Z-form (cis-form) or E-form (trans-form) structure alone or a mixture of both.
- the compound of the formula (I) which has another structure may be included.
- the photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating agent, a charge transporting agent and a binder resin, and the charge transporting agent contains an ethylene compound represented by the above general formula (I). It may be the body.
- the present invention relates to, for example, a function-separated electrophotographic image in which a charge generation layer containing at least a charge generation agent is formed on a conductive substrate, and a charge transport layer containing at least a charge transfer agent is formed thereon.
- Photoconductor a function-separated type electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a charge transport layer containing at least a charge transport agent is formed on a conductive substrate, and at least a charge transport agent and a charge generator are contained thereon may be used. Further, it may be a single layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a single photosensitive layer.
- the charge generating agent that can be used in the present invention can contain either titanyl phthalocyanine, metal-free phthalocyanine, or both.
- the method for producing the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention includes the following general formula (I), A photosensitive layer is formed by applying a coating solution containing an ethylene compound represented by formula (1) onto a conductive substrate, and in the general formula (I), R 1 to R 4 and Ar are as defined above Is shown.
- the photosensitive layer is an ethylene compound represented by the general formula (I), that is, a double bond site.
- the compound (I) having a structure substituted with four different substituents, and this compound is less susceptible to photolysis and photodegradation due to the steric effect of the substituents, so that light fatigue is suppressed.
- the compound (I) has a Z--by a Hula-twist mechanism even when irradiated with light in a long time as compared with a disubstituted or trisubstituted ethylene compound in a space in a film state.
- Photo-isomerization is less likely to occur, and photodegradation is reduced.
- the characteristics of the electrophotographic photosensitive member that can reduce the light fatigue of the photosensitive layer and prevent the increase of the residual potential, that is, the electrophotographic photosensitive member even when used for a long period of time are stable, and a good image is stabilized.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained in this manner and a method for producing the same can be provided.
- Regarding the mechanism of Z-form / E-form photoisomerization of ethylene compounds by the flat twist mechanism see J. et al. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chemistry, 2006, 184, 44-49. Etc. are described.
- Compound No. 2-4 tri-substituted structure ethylene compound is a three-dimensional structural change of charge transport material in the membrane by E-isomer / Z-isomer isomerization by the twisting mechanism that occurs even in a relatively limited space in the membrane. It is thought that the occurrence of this affects the photoreceptor characteristics.
- No. 2-53 or No. In the case of a tetrasubstituted ethylene compound such as 2-58, since it has a sterically large tetrasubstituent, it is very difficult to synthesize it by the synthesis method at the final stage of the document, and it is industrially produced in a high yield. Is difficult to synthesize in large quantities.
- the tetrasubstituted ethylene compound represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention can prevent photoisomerization by the twisting mechanism even in the space in the film. Furthermore, since the tetrasubstituted ethylene compound has a tetrasubstituted structure and is a structure that is sterically crowded, the ethylene portion is unlikely to undergo photolysis due to external factors such as ozone and NOx. Moreover, since this invention uses the method different from patent document 9 also about the synthesis
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a negatively charged laminated photoreceptor.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a positively charged laminated photoreceptor.
- FIG. 2 is an NMR chart of compound (I-1).
- the ethylene-based compound of the present invention has the following general formula (I), It is a compound represented by these.
- the compound represented by formula (I) is also referred to as compound (I).
- Other compounds are described in the same manner.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 4 Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a tolyl group
- Ar represents an aryl group or heterocyclic group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, iso-butyl group, s-butyl group, t-butyl group, pentyl group, An isopentyl group, a neopentyl group, a hexyl group, a cyclohexyl group, etc. may be mentioned, and some or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, etc. It may be.
- the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms includes methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, iso-butoxy group, s-butoxy group, t-butoxy group.
- some or all of the hydrogen atoms are halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, carbon It may be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 3 atoms.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are preferably hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are more preferably hydrogen atoms. preferable.
- R 4 examples include an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and an isopropyl group, a phenyl group, and a tolyl group. And may be substituted with a halogen atom such as bromine or iodine.
- R 4 is preferably a methyl group.
- examples of the aryl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms include a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, an anthryl group, a phenanthryl group, etc., and some or all of the hydrogen atoms are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc. May be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or the like.
- examples of the heterocyclic group include a furyl group, a thienyl group, a pyridyl group, a piperidyl group, a quinolyl group, and an isoquinolyl group.
- Ar is preferably a kind selected from the group consisting of a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, an anthryl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, and a phenanthryl group.
- Ar is more preferably an anthryl group.
- Examples of the compound (I) include compounds (I-1) to (I-108) described in Tables 1 to 4 below.
- H represents a hydrogen atom
- Me represents a methyl group
- Et represents an ethyl group
- * 1 to * 10 represent substituents having the following structures.
- compound (I) is produced, for example, as follows.
- the compound (I) synthesized in the present invention may be a mixture of E-form and Z-form.
- the reaction ratio (molar ratio) between the compound 2 and the compound 6 is preferably 1: 1.
- the yield of compound (I) may worsen.
- the amount of the compound 2 is too large, the amount of the unreacted compound 2 increases, and it may be difficult to purify the compound (I).
- the reaction temperature is preferably ⁇ 20 to 100 ° C., and the reaction time is preferably 2 to 8 hours. By setting it as this range, a desired reaction can be efficiently carried out with a relatively simple production facility.
- examples of the catalyst include titanium tetrachloride-zinc, titanium trichloride-aluminum lithium hydride, titanium trichloride-zinc, titanium trichloride-copper, titanium trichloride-lithium, and the like.
- a catalyst may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the addition amount of the catalyst is preferably 1 to 1.5 mol with respect to 1 mol of compound 6. If the addition amount of the catalyst is less than 1 mol, the reactivity between the compound 2 and the compound 6 may be significantly reduced. When the addition amount of the catalyst exceeds 1.5 mol, it may be difficult to control the reaction between the compound 2 and the compound 6.
- the compounds 3-1 to 3-6 of the following formula are preferable.
- aldehyde compound (R 3 PhCHO) of the reaction formula 2 compounds R3-1 to R3-4 of the following formula are preferable. More preferred are compounds R3-1 and R3-2.
- the charge transport agent of the present invention contains an ethylene compound (compound (I)) represented by the above general formula (I).
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate.
- an ethylene compound represented by the above general formula (I) compound ( An electrophotographic photoreceptor including I)).
- examples of the electrophotographic photoreceptor include (i) a single-layer photoreceptor and (ii) a laminated photoreceptor, depending on the layer structure of the photosensitive layer. These photoconductors can be used as either positive or negative charge type photoconductors.
- the photosensitive layer preferably contains at least a charge transport agent, and further contains a charge generator and a binder resin.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a single layer type photoreceptor.
- the single-layer type photoreceptor 110 includes a conductive substrate 10, an undercoat layer 20 provided on the conductive substrate 10, and a photosensitive layer 30 containing a charge generator, a charge transport agent, and a binder resin.
- Examples of the conductive substrate 10 include metals such as iron, aluminum, copper, tin, platinum, silver, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, cadmium, titanium, nickel, palladium, indium, stainless steel, and brass; Laminated plastic materials; glass coated with aluminum iodide, tin oxide, indium oxide or the like can be used.
- Examples of the shape of the conductive substrate include a sheet shape and a drum shape. The shape of the conductive substrate 10 may be appropriately determined according to the structure of the image forming apparatus.
- the undercoat layer 20 is made of a resin-based layer or a metal oxide film such as alumite, and controls the charge injection property from the conductive substrate 10 to the photosensitive layer 30 or covers defects on the substrate surface. It is provided as necessary for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the photosensitive layer 30 and the base.
- the resin material used for the undercoat layer 20 include insulating polymers such as casein, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, melamine, and cellulose, and conductive polymers such as polythiophene, polypyrrole, and polyaniline. These resins are used alone. Alternatively, they can be used in combination as appropriate. Further, these resins can contain metal oxides such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.
- the photosensitive layer 30 is made of, for example, a coating solution obtained by dissolving or dispersing a charge transport agent containing at least compound (I), a charge generator and a binder resin, and, if necessary, an electron (charge) transport agent in a solvent. It is formed by coating on the conductive substrate 10 and drying.
- the coating liquid is prepared by dissolving or dispersing each component in a solvent using a roll mill, a ball mill, an attritor, a paint shaker, an ultrasonic disperser or the like.
- a coating method a known method may be used.
- the charge transport agent containing compound (I) may be referred to as a hole transport agent below.
- the thickness of the photosensitive layer 30 is preferably 5 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the photosensitive layer 30 is outside the above range, the desired effect may not be sufficient, which is not preferable.
- the compound (I) alone or a mixture of hydrazone compound, butadiene compound, diamine compound, indole compound, indoline compound, stilbene compound, distilbene compound and the like is used as appropriate.
- either the Z-form or the E-form of compound (I) may be used mainly or singly, or a mixture of both may be used.
- the content of the hole transfer agent is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 3 to 40% by mass, based on the solid content of the single-layer type photosensitive layer 30.
- Examples of the electron transport agent used in the photosensitive layer 30 include succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, dibromosuccinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, 3-nitrophthalic anhydride, 4-nitrophthalic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, Pyromellitic acid, trimellitic acid, trimellitic anhydride, phthalimide, 4-nitrophthalimide, tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, chloranil, bromanyl, o-nitrobenzoic acid, malononitrile, trinitrofluorenone, trinitrothioxanthone, Dinitrobenzene, dinitroanthracene, dinitroacridine, nitroanthraquinone, dinitroanthraquinone, thiopyran compounds, quinone compounds, benzoquinone compounds, diphenoquinone compounds, naphthoquinone compounds, anthraquinone compounds, Chirubenkinon compounds, mention may
- titanyl phthalocyanine As the charge generating agent, titanyl phthalocyanine, metal-free phthalocyanine pigment, etc. may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- binder resin examples include polycarbonate resins such as bisphenol Z type, bisphenol ZC type, bisphenol C type and bisphenol A type, polyarylate resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-maleic acid.
- Copolymer Acrylic copolymer, Styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, Polyethylene resin, Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, Chlorinated polyethylene resin, Polyvinyl chloride resin, Polypropylene resin, Ionomer resin, Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Polymers, alkyd resins, polyamide resins, polyurethane resins, polysulfone resins, diallyl phthalate resins, ketone resins, polyvinyl butyral resins, polyether resins, etc .; silicone resins, epoxy resins, phenol resins Urea resins, thermosetting resins such as melamine resin, epoxy acrylate, urethane - photocurable resins such as acrylate. Binder resin may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the photosensitive layer 30 may contain a known additive as long as the electrophotographic characteristics are not adversely affected.
- additives include antioxidants, radical scavengers, singlet quenchers, deterioration inhibitors such as ultraviolet absorbers, softeners, plasticizers, surface modifiers, extenders, thickeners, dispersion stabilizers. , Wax, acceptor, donor and the like.
- a known sensitizer such as terphenyl, halonaphthoquinones, acenaphthylene, etc. may be used in combination with the charge generator.
- Solvents for preparing the coating solution by dissolving and dispersing the above materials include, for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and butanol; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, octane and cyclohexane; benzene, toluene Aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene; ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, Ketones such as cyclohexanone; esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate; dimethylformaldehyde, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide
- a solvent may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in mixture of 2 or more types.
- a surfactant, a leveling agent and the like may be added to the coating solution.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a negatively charged laminated photoreceptor.
- the negatively charged laminated photoreceptor 120 includes a conductive substrate 10, an undercoat layer 20 provided on the conductive substrate 10, a charge generation layer 40 containing a charge generation agent, and a charge provided on the charge generation layer 40. And a transport layer 50.
- the photosensitive layer 30 includes a charge generation layer 40 and a charge transport layer 50 that are sequentially stacked.
- the same materials as those of the single-layer type photoreceptor 110 can be used.
- the charge generation layer 40 includes a charge generation agent and a binder resin.
- the charge generator either titanyl phthalocyanine, metal-free phthalocyanine, or both are used.
- the binder resin is not particularly limited, and the same ones as described above can be used, and an appropriate one is selected from various types of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyester, polycarbonate, acrylic resin, phenoxy resin, and the like. can do.
- the film thickness of the charge generation layer 40 is preferably 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, particularly 0.2 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the charge transport layer 50 includes a charge transport agent and a binder resin.
- a charge transport agent compound (I) alone or a mixture of hydrazone compound, butadiene compound, diamine compound, indole compound, indoline compound, stilbene compound, distilbene compound and the like may be used in appropriate combination.
- the binder resin polycarbonate resin such as bisphenol A type, bisphenol Z type, bisphenol A type-biphenyl copolymer, polystyrene resin, polyphenylene resin, etc. may be used alone or in appropriate combination.
- either the Z-form or the E-form of the compound (I) may be used mainly or singly, or a mixture of both may be used.
- the content of the charge transport agent is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, and more preferably 20 to 80% by mass with respect to the solid content of the charge transport layer 50.
- the film thickness of the charge transport layer 50 is preferably in the range of 3 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 40 ⁇ m in order to maintain a practically effective surface potential.
- the undercoat layer 20 and the charge transport layer 50 may have an electron-accepting substance, an antioxidant, or the like for the purpose of improving sensitivity, reducing residual potential, or improving environmental resistance and stability against harmful light.
- An agent, a light stabilizer and the like can be added.
- Compounds used for such purposes include chromal derivatives such as tocopherol and ether compounds, ester compounds, polyarylalkane compounds, hydroquinone derivatives, diether compounds, benzophenone derivatives, benzotriazole derivatives, thioether compounds, phenylenediamine derivatives, phosphonic acids
- chromal derivatives such as tocopherol and ether compounds, ester compounds, polyarylalkane compounds, hydroquinone derivatives, diether compounds, benzophenone derivatives, benzotriazole derivatives, thioether compounds, phenylenediamine derivatives, phosphonic acids
- Examples include, but are not limited to, esters, phosphites, phenol compounds, hindered phenol compounds, linear amine compounds, cyclic amine compounds, hindered amine compounds, and the like.
- the photosensitive layer 30 may contain a leveling agent such as silicone oil or fluorine-based oil for the purpose of improving the leveling property of the formed film and imparting further lubricity.
- a leveling agent such as silicone oil or fluorine-based oil for the purpose of improving the leveling property of the formed film and imparting further lubricity.
- a surface protective layer may be further provided on the surface of the photosensitive layer 30 as necessary for the purpose of further improving environmental resistance and mechanical strength. It is desirable that the surface protective layer is made of a material having excellent durability against mechanical stress and environmental resistance, and has a performance of transmitting light sensitive to the charge generation layer 40 with as low loss as possible.
- the undercoat layer 20 is formed by means such as coating as with the photosensitive layer 30 of the single-layer photoreceptor 110, for example.
- the charge generation layer 40 is formed by means such as vapor deposition or coating.
- the charge transport layer 50 is formed by means such as coating as with the photosensitive layer 30 of the single-layer type photoreceptor 110.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a positively charged laminated photoreceptor.
- the positively charged laminated photoreceptor 130 includes a conductive substrate 10, an undercoat layer 20 provided on the conductive substrate 10, a charge transport layer 50, and a charge generation agent that includes a charge generating agent provided on the charge transport layer 50.
- Layer 40 the photosensitive layer 30 includes a charge transport layer 50 and a charge generation layer 40 that are sequentially stacked.
- the charge transport layer 50 is mainly composed of a charge transport agent and a resin binder.
- the charge transport agent and the resin binder the same materials as those described in the embodiment of the charge transport layer 50 in the negatively charged laminated photoreceptor 120 can be used.
- the content of each material and the film thickness of the charge transport layer 50 can be the same as those of the negatively charged laminated photoreceptor 120.
- the charge generation layer 40 provided on the charge transport layer 50 is mainly composed of a charge generation agent, a hole transfer agent, an electron transfer agent (acceptor compound), and a resin binder.
- the charge generating agent, hole transporting agent, electron transporting agent, and resin binder the same materials as those mentioned as the embodiment of the single layer type photosensitive layer 30 in the single layer type photoreceptor 110 can be used.
- the content of each material can be the same as the amount mentioned as the embodiment of the single-layer photosensitive layer 30 in the single-layer photoreceptor 110.
- the film thickness of the charge generation layer 40 is preferably in the range of 3 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 8 to 35 ⁇ m.
- the photosensitive layer of this invention is not limited to these layer structures, The thing which added the other functional layer is included.
- FIG. 4 shows an NMR chart of the compound (I-1), and the signal of the compound (I-1) is shown below.
- 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ; 400 MHz); ⁇ 8.41 (0.58H, s, Ar—H for E), ⁇ 8.39 (0.42H, s, Ar—H for Z), ⁇ 8.28 (0.58 H, s, Ar—H) for E), ⁇ 8.14 (0.42H, s, Ar—H for Z), ⁇ 8.01-7.91 (3H, m, Ar—H for E and Z), ⁇ 7.69-7.13 ( 10H, m, Ar-H for E and Z), ⁇ 7.11-6.79 (13H, m, Ar-H for E and Z), ⁇ 2.26 (1.74H, s, CH 3 for E,) , ⁇ 2.23 (1.26H, s, CH 3 for Z).
- Example 1 Manufacture of negatively charged laminated photoreceptor
- a coating solution was prepared by dissolving and dispersing 5 parts by mass of alcohol-soluble nylon (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., “CM 8000” (trade name)) and 5 parts by mass of aminosilane-treated titanium oxide fine particles in 90 parts by mass of methanol.
- An aluminum cylinder having an outer diameter of 24 mm was used as the conductive substrate.
- the coating solution was dip-coated as an undercoat layer, and dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an undercoat layer having a thickness of about 2 ⁇ m.
- a charge generation layer was formed on the conductive substrate on which the undercoat layer was formed. Drying was performed under conditions of a drying temperature of 80 ° C. and a drying time of 30 minutes. The resulting charge generation layer had a thickness after drying of 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-2, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 3 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-3, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 4 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-4) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 5 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-5, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 6 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-6, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 7 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-7) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 8 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-8, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 9 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-9, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 is p-position) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 10 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-10) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 11 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-11, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 12 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-12, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 13 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-13) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 14 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-14, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 15 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-15, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are in the p-position) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 16 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-16) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 17 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-17, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 18 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-18, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 is p-position) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 19 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-19) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 20 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-20, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 21 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-21, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 is p-position) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 22 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-22) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 23 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-23, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 24 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-24, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are in the p-position) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 25 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-25) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 26 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-26, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 27 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-27, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 28 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-28) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 29 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-29, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 30 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-30, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 31 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-31) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 32 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-32, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 33 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-33, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 34 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-34) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 35 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-35, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 36 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-36, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 is p-position) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 37 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-37) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 38 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-38, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 39 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-39, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 40 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-40) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 41 Except for using an ethylene compound (No. I-41, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, the same method was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 42 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-42, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 43 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-43) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 44 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-44, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 45 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-45, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 46 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-46) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 47 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-47, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 48 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-48, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 49 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-49) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 50 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-50, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 51 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-51, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 52 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-52) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 53 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-53, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 54 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-54, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 55 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-55) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 56 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-56, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 57 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-57, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 58 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-58) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 59 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-59, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 60 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-60, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 61 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-61) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 62 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-62, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 63 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-63, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 64 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-64) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 65 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-65, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 66 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-66, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 67 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-67) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 68 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-68, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 69 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-69, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 is p-position) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 70 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-70) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 71 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-71, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 72 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-72, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 73 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-73) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 74 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-74, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 75 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-75, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are in the p-position) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 76 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-76) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 77 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-77, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 78 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-78, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 79 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-79) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 80 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-80, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 81 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-81, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 82 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-82) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 83 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-83, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 84 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-84, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 85 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-85) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 86 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-86, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 87 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, ethylene compound (No.I-87, R 1, R 2, R 3 is p- position) except using quite An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 88 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-88) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 89 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-89, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 90 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-90, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 91 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-91) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 92 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-92, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 93 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-93, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 94 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-94) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 95 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-95, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 96 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-96, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 97 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-97) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 98 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-98, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 99 instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-99, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 100 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-100) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 101 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-101, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 102 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-102, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are in the p-position) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 103 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-103) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 104 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-104, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 105 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-105, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 106 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner except that the ethylene compound (No. I-106) was used instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1.
- Example 107 Except for using the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-107, R 1 and R 2 are in the p-position) was used. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 108 Instead of the ethylene compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, an ethylene compound (No. I-108, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are p-positions) was used. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 109 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge generating agent used in Example 1 was replaced with Y-type titanyl phthalocyanine.
- Example 110 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge generator used in Example 1 was replaced with metal-free phthalocyanine.
- Example 111 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the binder resin in the charge transport layer used in Example 1 was replaced with polycarbonate resin (PCZ-500, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical).
- PCZ-500 polycarbonate resin
- Example 112 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the binder resin in the charge transport layer used in Example 1 was replaced with a polycarbonate resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics, S3000).
- Example 2 instead of the ethylene-based compound (No. I-1) used in Example 1, a known charge transfer agent compound (No. I-110) shown in Table 5 below was used, and the electrons were produced in the same manner. A photographic photoreceptor was prepared.
- Example 113 A vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol copolymer (manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name "Solvine TA5R") is used as an undercoat layer on the outer periphery of an aluminum cylinder having an outer diameter of 24 mm as the conductive substrate 1.
- a coating solution prepared by stirring and dissolving 0.2 parts by mass in 99 parts by mass of methyl ethyl ketone was dip coated and dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an undercoat layer 20 having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the following formula 1 part by weight of a metal-free phthalocyanine represented by the formula, 45 parts by weight of the compound (I-1) as a hole transport material, and the following formula as an electron transport material:
- PCZ-500 trade name
- the solution was dip coated and dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a photosensitive layer having a film thickness of 25 ⁇ m, thereby producing a single layer type photoreceptor.
- Example 114 A single-layer photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 113 except that the compound (I-1) used in Example 113 was changed to the compound (I-37).
- Example 115 A single-layer type photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 113 except that the metal-free phthalocyanine used in Example 113 was changed to Y-type titanyl phthalocyanine.
- Comparative Example 4 A single-layer photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 113 except that the compound (I-1) used in Example 113 was replaced with the compound (I-109) in Comparative Example 1.
- Example 116 50 parts by mass of the compound (I-1) as a charge transport material and 50 parts by mass of a polycarbonate resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd., PCZ-500 (trade name)) as a resin binder are dissolved in 800 parts by mass of dichloromethane. Thus, a coating solution was prepared. Further, an aluminum cylinder having an outer diameter of 24 mm was used as the conductive substrate 1. The coating solution was dip coated on the outer circumference of the aluminum cylinder and dried at a temperature of 120 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m.
- the following formula as a charge generator 1.5 parts by mass of a metal-free phthalocyanine represented by the following formula, 10 parts by mass of the compound (I-1) as a hole transport material, and the following formula as an electron transport material: 25 parts by mass of the compound represented by the formula (1) and 60 parts by mass of polycarbonate resin (PCZ-500 (trade name) manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a resin binder are dissolved and dispersed in 800 parts by mass of 1,2-dichloroethane.
- the coating solution prepared in this manner was dip coated. Next, the film was dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a photosensitive layer having a film thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and a positively charged laminated type photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 117 A positively charged laminated photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 116 except that the metal-free phthalocyanine used in Example 116 was changed to Y-type titanyl phthalocyanine.
- Example 5 A positively charged laminated photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 116 except that the compound (I-1) used in Example 116 was replaced with the compound (I-109).
- the drum produced in the same manner was mounted on the printer, and after printing 10,000 sheets of A4 paper, the light portion potential (light portion potential after printing 10,000 sheets) was measured.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptors prepared in Examples 113 to 116 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5 were mounted on a printer HL-2040 manufactured by Brother Industries, Ltd., modified so that the surface potential of the photoreceptor could be measured.
- the exposed portion potential was evaluated.
- the light part potential (light part potential before printing and light irradiation) in the actual machine was measured.
- the photoconductor was left under a 1500 lx ⁇ s fluorescent lamp for 12 hours, irradiated with light, and then similarly mounted on an HL-2040 printer, and the light portion potential (light portion potential after light irradiation) was measured.
- Table 13 The results are shown in Table 13 below.
- the drum produced in the same manner was mounted on the printer, and after printing 10,000 sheets of A4 paper, the light portion potential (light portion potential after printing 10,000 sheets) was measured.
- the photoconductor according to the present invention can be used for a long period of time because it can prevent an increase in residual potential in evaluation before and after printing 10,000 sheets with a printer, and there is little potential fluctuation in the exposed part before and after light irradiation.
- the characteristics as an electrophotographic photoreceptor are stable and have excellent light fatigue characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
で示されるエチレン系化合物、およびそれを含む電荷輸送剤であり、本発明の電子写真用感光体は、導電性基体上に、少なくとも感光層を備えた電子写真用感光体であり、該感光層中に、下記一般式(I)、
で表されるエチレン系化合物を含有するものである。
本発明のエチレン系化合物は、下記一般式(I)、
で表される化合物である。以下、一般式(I)で表される化合物を化合物(I)とも称す。他の化合物も同様に記す。
下記反応式1に示すように、化合物1、ケトン類化合物(A)、2-(ジシクロヘキシルホスフィノ)ビフェニル(DCHPBP)、トリスジベンジリデンアセトンジパラジウム(パラジウム触媒、Pd cat.)、t-BuONaを反応させて、化合物2が得られる。
下記反応式2に示すように、触媒(n-BuLi)の存在下、溶剤(テトラヒドロフラン、THF)中にて化合物3とアルデヒド(R3PhCHO)を反応させて化合物4とし、化合物4を抽出、精製する。
下記反応式3に示すように、溶剤(CH2Cl2)中にて化合物4と三臭化リンを反応させて、化合物5が得られる。
下記反応式4に示すように、化合物5とNaIO4-DMF(ジメチルホルムアミド)とを反応させて化合物6とし、化合物6を抽出、精製する。
下記反応式5に示すように、触媒の存在下、溶剤中にて化合物6と化合物2とを反応させて化合物(I)とし(マクマリー(McMurry)反応)、化合物(I)を抽出、精製する。
本発明の電子写真用感光体は、導電性基体上に少なくとも感光層を備えた電子写真用感光体において、該感光層中に、上記一般式(I)で表されるエチレン系化合物(化合物(I))を含む電子写真用感光体である。
図1は、単層型感光体の一例を示す概略断面図である。単層型感光体110は、導電性基体10と、導電性基体10上に設けられた下引き層20と、電荷発生剤、電荷輸送剤および結着樹脂を含有する感光層30とを有する。
図2は、負帯電積層型感光体の一例を示す概略断面図である。負帯電積層型感光体120は、導電性基体10、導電性基体10上に設けられた下引き層20、電荷発生剤を含有する電荷発生層40、および電荷発生層40上に設けられた電荷輸送層50と、を有する。ここで、感光層30は、電荷発生層40および電荷輸送層50が順次積層され構成される。
図3は、正帯電積層型感光体の一例を示す概略断面図である。正帯電積層型感光体130は、導電性基体10、導電性基体10上に設けられた下引き層20、電荷輸送層50、電荷輸送層50上に設けられた電荷発生剤を含有する電荷発生層40と、を有する。ここで、感光層30は、電荷輸送層50および電荷発生層40が順次積層され構成される。
なお、実施の形態として3種類の感光層を説明したが、本発明の感光層はこれらの層構成に限定されるものではなく、他の機能層を付加したものを含む。
(化合物I-1の製造)
(a)工程:
2Lの2口フラスコに、下記化合物11(25.5g、0.15モル)、1-(4-クロロ-フェニル)エタノン(23.3g、0.15モル)、2-(ジシクロヘキシルホスフィノ)ビフェニル(0.13g、0.038ミリモル)、トリスジベンジリデンアセトンジパラジウム(0.17g、0.19ミリモル)、t-BuONa(15.4g、0.16モル)、o-キシレン500mLを入れ、アルゴン置換して、120℃にて5時間攪拌した後、室温まで冷却した。反応液中の有機層をイオン交換水で3回洗浄し、有機層に無水硫酸ナトリウムおよび活性白土を加え、乾燥および吸着処理し、キシレンを減圧留去した。得られた残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム/へキサン展開)にて精製し、下記化合物12として、固体(収量37.02g、収率86%)を得た。
2Lのフラスコに、下記化合物13(16.2g、0.063モル)、nBuLi(27.7mL、0.07モル)、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)500mLを入れ、アルゴン置換して、-78℃にて30分攪拌した後、ベンズアルデヒド(PhCHO)(9.60g、0.09モル)を添加し、再び1時間攪拌した。攪拌後、反応液を-30℃までに上昇し、塩化アルミニウム水溶液を入れ、常温まで酢酸イソプロピル(IPAC)を入れ、有機層に無水硫酸ナトリウムを加えた。得られた残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、下記化合物14として、固体(収量11.4g、収率63%)を得た。
2Lのフラスコに、化合物14(11.4g、0.039モル)、ジクロロメタン400mLを入れ、アルゴン置換して、-25℃にて15分攪拌した後、三臭化リン(4.25g、0.016モル)を添加し、再び3時間攪拌した。反応液中に水およびジクロロメタンを入れ、有機層に無水硫酸ナトリウムを加え、精製し、下記化合物15として、固体(収量12.69g、収率93%)を得た。
2Lのフラスコに、化合物15(12.69g、0.037モル)、NaIO4(7.92g、0.037モル)、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)500mLを入れ、150℃にて5時間攪拌した。反応液中にエーテルと水を入れ、有機層に無水硫酸ナトリウムを加え、エーテルを留去した。得られた残渣をカラムにて精製し、下記化合物16として、固体(収量8.27g、収率80%)を得た。
2Lの3口フラスコに、化合物16(8.27g、0.029モル)および化合物12(8.32g、0.029モル)を入れ、アルゴン置換を行い、乾燥させたジオキサン200mLおよび四塩化チタン(3.82mL、0.035モル)を加え、室温にて30分攪拌した。攪拌後、亜鉛(3.77g、0.058モル)を添加し、2時間攪拌した後、100℃まで3時間反応した。その後、反応液中の有機層をイオン交換水で3回洗浄し、エーテルにて抽出し、有機層に無水硫酸ナトリウムを加え、エーテルを減圧留去した。再結晶(酢酸エチル/へキサン)にて精製し、化合物(I-1)として、固体(収量6.38g、収率41%)を得た。
(1)NMR分析結果(E/Z=58/42)
図4に化合物(I-1)のNMRチャートを示し、下記に化合物(I-1)のシグナルを示す。
1H-NMR (CDCl3; 400MHz);δ8.41(0.58H,s,Ar-H for E),δ8.39(0.42H,s,Ar-H for Z),δ8.28(0.58H,s,Ar-H for E),δ8.14(0.42H,s,Ar-H for Z),δ8.01-7.91(3H,m,Ar-H for E and Z),δ7.69-7.13(10H,m,Ar-H for E and Z),δ7.11-6.79(13H,m,Ar-H for E and Z),δ2.26(1.74H,s,CH3 for E,),δ2.23(1.26H,s,CH3 for Z).
(2)質量分析結果
m/e=537(計算値 537)
製造例1のエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)の(e)工程において、化合物16及び化合物12を特開昭60-104951号公報記載の合成方法に従い反応を試みたが、目的物は得られなかった。
〔実施例1〕
アルコール可溶性ナイロン(東レ(株)製、「CM 8000」(商品名))5質量部、アミノシラン処理された酸化チタン微粒子5質量部を、メタノール90質量部に溶解、分散させて塗布液を調製した。また、導電性基体として外径24mmのアルミニウム製円筒を使用した。このアルミニウム製円筒の外周に、下引き層として、該塗布液を浸積塗工し、温度100℃で30分間乾燥して、膜厚約2μmの下引き層を形成した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-2、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-3、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-4)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-5、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-6、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-7)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-8、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-9、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-10)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-11、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-12、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-13)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-14、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-15、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-16)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-17、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-18、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-19)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-20、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-21、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-22)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-23、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-24、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-25)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-26、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-27、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-28)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-29、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-30、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-31)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-32、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-33、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-34)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-35、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-36、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-37)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-38、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-39、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-40)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-41、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-42、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-43)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-44、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-45、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-46)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-47、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-48、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-49)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-50、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-51、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-52)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-53、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-54、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-55)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-56、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-57、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-58)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-59、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-60、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-61)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-62、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-63、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-64)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-65、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-66、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-67)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-68、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-69、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-70)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-71、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-72、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-73)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-74、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-75、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-76)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-77、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-78、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-79)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-80、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-81、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-82)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-83、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-84、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-85)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-86、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-87、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-88)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-89、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-90、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-91)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-92、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-93、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-94)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-95、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-96、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-97)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-98、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-99、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-100)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-101、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-102、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-103)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-104、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-105、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-106)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-107、R1、R2はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、エチレン系化合物(No.I-108、R1、R2、R3はp-位)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した電荷発生剤をY型チタニルフタロシアニンに代えた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した電荷発生剤を無金属フタロシアニンに代えた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した電荷輸送層での結着樹脂をポリカーボネート樹脂(三菱ガス化学製、PCZ-500)に代えた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した電荷輸送層での結着樹脂をポリカーボネート樹脂(三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス製、S3000)に代えた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、下記表5に示す公知の電荷輸送剤化合物(No.I-109)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。なお、表5中の記号は、上記表1~4と同様のものを示す。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、下記表5に示す公知の電荷輸送剤化合物(No.I-110)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
実施例1で用いたエチレン系化合物(No.I-1)に代えて、下記表5に示す公知の電荷輸送剤化合物(No.I-111)を用いたほかは、全く同様の方法で電子写真用感光体を作製した。
〔実施例113〕
導電性基体1としての外径24mmのアルミニウム製円筒の外周に、下引き層として、塩化ビニル-酢酸ビニル-ビニルアルコール共重合体(日信化学工業(株)製、商品名「ソルバインTA5R」)0.2質量部をメチルエチルケトン99質量部に攪拌溶解させて調製した塗布液を浸漬塗工し、温度100℃で30分間乾燥して、膜厚0.1μmの下引き層20を形成した。
で示される無金属フタロシアニン1質量部と、正孔輸送材料として化合物(I-1)を45質量部と、電子輸送材料として下記式、
で示される化合物30質量部と、樹脂バインダとしてポリカーボネート樹脂(三菱ガス化学(株)製、PCZ-500(商品名))55質量部とを、テトラヒドロフラン350質量部に溶解、分散させて調製した塗布液を浸漬塗工し、温度100℃で60分間乾燥して、膜厚25μmの感光層を形成し、単層型感光体を作製した。
実施例113で使用した化合物(I-1)を化合物(I-37)とした以外は実施例113と同様の方法で単層型感光体を作製した。
実施例113で使用した無金属フタロシアニンをY型チタニルフタロシアニンとした以外は実施例113と同様の方法で単層型感光体を作製した。
実施例113で使用した化合物(I-1)を比較例1の化合物(I-109)に代えた以外は、実施例113と同様の方法で単層型感光体を作製した。
〔実施例116〕
電荷輸送材料として化合物(I-1)を50質量部と、樹脂バインダとしてポリカーボネート樹脂(三菱ガス化学(株)製、PCZ-500(商品名))50質量部とを、ジクロロメタン800質量部に溶解して、塗布液を調製した。また、導電性基体1として外径24mmのアルミニウム製円筒を使用した。このアルミニウム製円筒の外周に、該塗布液を浸漬塗工し、温度120℃で60分間乾燥して、膜厚15μmの電荷輸送層を形成した。
で示される無金属フタロシアニン1.5質量部と、正孔輸送材料としての化合物(I-1)を10質量部と、電子輸送材料としての下記式、
で示される化合物25質量部と、樹脂バインダとしてポリカーボネート樹脂(三菱ガス化学(株)製、PCZ-500(商品名))60質量部とを、1、2-ジクロロエタン 800質量部に溶解、分散させて調製した塗布液を浸漬塗工した。次いで、温度100℃で60分間乾燥して、膜厚15μmの感光層を形成し、正帯電積層型感光体を作製した。
実施例116で使用した無金属フタロシアニンをY型チタニルフタロシアニンとした以外は実施例116と同様の方法で正帯電積層型感光体を作製した。
実施例116で使用した化合物(I-1)を化合物(I-109)に代えた以外は、実施例116と同様の方法で正帯電積層型感光体を作製した。
実施例1~112および比較例1~3にて得られた電子写真用感光体を、感光体の表面電位も測定できるように改造を施した市販のプリンター(ヒューレットパッカード社製LJ-4000)に装着し、実機中の明部電位(印字及び光照射前明部電位)を測定した。さらに、感光体を1500lx・sの蛍光灯下に12時間放置し、光照射した後、同様にLJ-4000プリンターに装着し、明部電位(光照射後明部電位)を測定した。結果を下記表6~12に示す。さらに同様にして作製したドラムを上記プリンターに装着し、A4用紙1万枚の印字を実施した後、感光体の明部電位(1万枚印字後明部電位)を測定した。ここで、光照射前後の電位変化量および1万枚印字前後の電位変化量、即ち数値の絶対値は、小さいほど電位変動が少なく、光劣化が小さく、かつ、光疲労が少なくなることを示す。
20 下引き層
30 感光層
40 電荷発生層
50 電荷輸送層
110 単層型感光体
120 負帯電積層型感光体
130 正帯電積層型感光体
Claims (17)
- 前記一般式(I)で示されるエチレン系化合物として、E-体およびZ-体よりなる群から選ばれる構造のエチレン系化合物を一種以上含む請求項3記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(I)において、Arがナフチル基、ビフェニル基、アントリル基、トリル基、キシリル基およびフェナントリル基よりなる群から選ばれる一種である請求項3記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(I)において、R4がメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、フェニル基およびトリル基よりなる群から選ばれる一種である請求項3記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(I)において、R4がメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、フェニル基およびトリル基よりなる群から選ばれる一種である請求項5記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(I)において、R1、R2およびR3のうち少なくとも2つが、水素原子またはメチル基である請求項3記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(I)において、R1、R2およびR3のうち少なくとも2つが、水素原子またはメチル基である請求項7記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(I)において、R1、R2およびR3が、水素原子である請求項3記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(I)において、R4がメチル基である請求項10記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(I)において、Arがアントリル基である請求項11記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記感光層が、少なくとも電荷発生剤、電荷輸送剤および結着樹脂を含有し、前記電荷輸送剤として、前記一般式(I)で表されるエチレン系化合物を含有する請求項3記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記感光層が、前記電荷発生剤として、チタニルフタロシアニンおよび無金属フタロシアニンから選ばれる一種以上を含有する請求項13記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記電荷発生剤を含有する電荷発生層、および前記電荷輸送剤を含有する電荷輸送層を順次積層してなる前記感光層を備えた請求項13記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記電荷発生剤および前記電荷輸送剤を含有する単層からなる前記感光層を備えた請求項13記載の電子写真用感光体。
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KR1020107019121A KR101235002B1 (ko) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-07-09 | 신규 에틸렌계 화합물, 그것을 포함하는 전하 수송 재료, 그것을 포함하는 전자 사진용 감광체 및 그의 제조 방법 |
CN200980108223.7A CN101959844B (zh) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-07-09 | 新乙烯类化合物、包含其的电荷输送材料、包含其的电子照相用感光体及其制造方法 |
JP2010520840A JP5321985B2 (ja) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-07-09 | 新規エチレン系化合物、それを含む電荷輸送材料、それを含む電子写真用感光体およびその製造方法 |
US12/921,374 US8951702B2 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-07-09 | Charge transport material that is an ethylene compound, electrophotographic photoreceptor containing the charge transport material, and process for producing the electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2008187022 | 2008-07-18 | ||
JP2008-187022 | 2008-07-18 |
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WO2010007930A1 true WO2010007930A1 (ja) | 2010-01-21 |
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PCT/JP2009/062505 WO2010007930A1 (ja) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-07-09 | 新規エチレン系化合物、それを含む電荷輸送材料、それを含む電子写真用感光体およびその製造方法 |
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US (1) | US8951702B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5321985B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101235002B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101959844B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI449684B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010007930A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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US20140199619A1 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2014-07-17 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for manufacturing same, and electrophotographic apparatus using same |
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CN105694859B (zh) * | 2015-06-10 | 2018-06-08 | 广东阿格蕾雅光电材料有限公司 | 有机电子发光材料 |
WO2019077706A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-04-25 | 富士電機株式会社 | 電子写真用感光体、その製造方法および電子写真装置 |
KR20210072209A (ko) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-17 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 유기 전계 발광 소자 및 유기 전계 발광 소자용 아민 화합물 |
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- 2009-07-09 KR KR1020107019121A patent/KR101235002B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-07-09 US US12/921,374 patent/US8951702B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-07-09 CN CN200980108223.7A patent/CN101959844B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-07-09 WO PCT/JP2009/062505 patent/WO2010007930A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-07-15 TW TW098123928A patent/TWI449684B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI449684B (zh) | 2014-08-21 |
US8951702B2 (en) | 2015-02-10 |
KR20100120672A (ko) | 2010-11-16 |
US20110183246A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
CN101959844A (zh) | 2011-01-26 |
JPWO2010007930A1 (ja) | 2012-01-05 |
KR101235002B1 (ko) | 2013-02-20 |
TW201008898A (en) | 2010-03-01 |
CN101959844B (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
JP5321985B2 (ja) | 2013-10-23 |
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