WO2009125793A1 - 透光性ジルコニア焼結体及びその製造方法並びにその用途 - Google Patents
透光性ジルコニア焼結体及びその製造方法並びにその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009125793A1 WO2009125793A1 PCT/JP2009/057207 JP2009057207W WO2009125793A1 WO 2009125793 A1 WO2009125793 A1 WO 2009125793A1 JP 2009057207 W JP2009057207 W JP 2009057207W WO 2009125793 A1 WO2009125793 A1 WO 2009125793A1
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- sintered body
- zirconia
- alumina
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- powder
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- A61C7/12—Brackets; Arch wires; Combinations thereof; Accessories therefor
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- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9646—Optical properties
- C04B2235/9653—Translucent or transparent ceramics other than alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9669—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a zirconia sintered body produced by atmospheric pressure sintering, having a high density and strength of the sintered body and excellent translucency. It is particularly suitable for use as a zirconia sintered body used in dental applications, a mill blank such as a denture material, and an orthodontic bracket.
- a zirconia sintered body in which a small amount of Y 2 O 3 is dissolved as a stabilizer has high strength and high toughness, so that it is used as a material for mechanical structures such as cutting tools, dies, nozzles, and bearings, and as a biomaterial such as dental materials. Widely used.
- dental materials not only mechanical properties such as high strength and high toughness but also optical properties such as translucency and color tone are required from an aesthetic point of view.
- a single crystal of zirconia has a translucency
- a zirconia single crystal (cubic zirconia) containing about 10 mol% of yttria has been conventionally used for jewelry, but has a problem that its strength is extremely low.
- a normal zirconia sintered body which is a polycrystalline body has no translucency.
- pores existing between and within the crystal grains cause light scattering. Therefore, studies have been made so far to impart transparency to a polycrystalline zirconia sintered body by reducing pores, that is, increasing the density of the sintered body.
- Patent Document 1 discloses translucent zirconia containing 2 mol% or more of Y 2 O 3 and 3 to 20 mol% of TiO 2 .
- this translucent zirconia has a problem in strength because it contains a large amount of TiO 2 in order to impart translucency.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a zirconia sintered body having a composition of 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 and 0.25 wt% Al 2 O 3 and having translucency and a sintered body density of 99.8%, which is visible. It has been reported that the total light transmittance for light is 49% (thickness 0.5 mm). However, the sintered body is a sintered body obtained by pressure sintering using a hot isostatic press (HIP), and the sintered body obtained by atmospheric pressure sintering has sufficient translucency. Not obtained.
- HIP hot isostatic press
- the object of the present invention is to provide a zirconia sintered body having a high sintered body density and strength and excellent translucency, after eliminating the drawbacks of the conventional method as described above. Moreover, it aims at providing the method which can manufacture such a zirconia sintered compact by the simple process by normal pressure sintering.
- the present inventors examined in detail the relationship between the state of alumina in the zirconia powder, the density of the sintered body, and the total light transmittance of the sintered body.
- translucent zirconia was obtained by atmospheric pressure sintering by controlling the said sintering speed
- the present inventors have found that translucent zirconia can be obtained by atmospheric pressure sintering by controlling the sintering speed even for yttria-containing zirconia containing no alumina.
- the gist of the present invention resides in the following 1) to 15).
- the translucent zirconia sintered body according to the above 1) does not contain alumina (alumina content is 0 wt%).
- yttria As a stabilizer, it contains 2 to 4 mol% of yttria as a stabilizer, the alumina content is 0.2 wt% or less, and from a relative density of 70% in atmospheric pressure sintering (in the atmosphere, 300 ° C./hour).
- yttria as a stabilizer
- alumina contains 0.1 to 0.2 wt% of alumina, and has a relative density of 70% in atmospheric pressure sintering (in the atmosphere, 300 ° C / hour).
- the powder for translucent zirconia sintered body according to 8) above, wherein the sintering shrinkage rate ( ⁇ / ⁇ T: g / cm 3 ⁇ ° C.) reaching 90% is 0.0125 or more and 0.0160 or less.
- yttria as a stabilizer
- alumina contains less than 0.1 wt% of alumina, and has a relative density of 70% to 90% in atmospheric pressure sintering (in the atmosphere, 300 ° C / hour).
- sintering shrinkage rate ( ⁇ / ⁇ T: g / cm 3 ⁇ ° C.) is from 0.0125 to 0.0160.
- the powder for translucent zirconia sintered bodies described in 8) above is molded, it is sintered at 1350 to 1450 ° C. under normal pressure. .
- the dental material is preferably a denture and / or a denture mill blank.
- the dental material is preferably an orthodontic bracket.
- the present invention is a sintered body excellent in basic characteristics required for a sintered body and excellent in translucency, with an alumina content of 0.2 wt% or less, or containing no alumina.
- the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention has high density, high strength and excellent translucency, the zirconia sintered body used in dental applications, specifically, a mill blank such as a denture material, It is excellent as a sintered body used as an orthodontic bracket.
- the powder for a translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention can produce a translucent zirconia sintered body by normal pressure sintering without using a large pressure sintering apparatus such as HIP.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the sintering shrinkage rate ( ⁇ / ⁇ T: g / cm 3 ⁇ ° C.) of zirconia containing 0.1 to 0.2 wt% alumina and the relative density of the sintered body.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example (Example 7) of a heat shrinkage curve in atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressure sintering (temperature rising rate 300 ° C./hour) of zirconia powder.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the sintering shrinkage rate ( ⁇ / ⁇ T: g / cm 3 ⁇ ° C.) of zirconia containing less than 0.1 wt% alumina and the relative density of the sintered body.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the sintering shrinkage rate ( ⁇ / ⁇ T: g / cm 3 ⁇ ° C.) of zirconia containing 0.1 to 0.2 wt% alumina
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example (Example 14) of a heat shrinkage curve in atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressure sintering (temperature rising rate 300 ° C./hour) of zirconia powder.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the sintering shrinkage rate ( ⁇ / ⁇ T: g / cm 3 ⁇ ° C.) of zirconia containing no alumina and the relative density of the sintered body.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example (Example 33) of a heat shrinkage curve in atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressure sintering (temperature rising rate 300 ° C./hour) of zirconia powder.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example (Example 14) of a heat shrinkage curve in atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressure sintering (temperature rising rate 300 ° C./hour) of zirconia powder.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the sintering shrinkage rate ( ⁇ / ⁇ T: g
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the sintering shrinkage rate ( ⁇ / ⁇ T: g / cm 3 ⁇ ° C.) of zirconia containing 0 to 0.2 wt% of alumina and the relative density of the sintered body.
- the “average particle size” of the zirconia powder in the present invention is a particle having a median value (median diameter; particle size corresponding to 50% of the cumulative curve) of a cumulative particle size distribution expressed on a volume basis. It refers to the diameter of a sphere of the same volume, and is a value measured by a particle size distribution measuring device using a laser diffraction method.
- “Stabilizer concentration” refers to a value expressed as mole% of the ratio of stabilizer / (ZrO 2 + stabilizer).
- “Monoclinic phase ratio (fm)” means the (111) and (11-1) planes of the monoclinic phase, the (111) plane of the tetragonal phase, and the cubic crystal in powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement.
- the diffraction intensity of the (111) plane is obtained, and the value calculated by the following formula 1 is used.
- I represents the peak intensity of each diffraction line
- subscripts m, t, and c represent a monoclinic phase, a tetragonal phase, and a cubic phase, respectively.
- additive content refers to a value expressed as a weight% ratio of additive / (ZrO 2 + stabilizer + additive).
- the additive is a value converted to an oxide.
- the “reaction rate” of the hydrated zirconia sol is the amount of zirconium in the unreacted substance present in the filtrate obtained by ultrafiltration of the hydrated zirconia sol-containing liquid by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy.
- a production amount of the sum zirconia sol is calculated, and a value expressed as a ratio of a hydrated zirconia sol amount to a raw material charge amount.
- the “relative density” is a ratio (%) of ( ⁇ / ⁇ 0 ) ⁇ 100 using the measured density ⁇ actually measured by the Archimedes method and the theoretical density ⁇ 0 obtained by the following equation (2). The value expressed in terms of conversion.
- the theoretical density of alumina was 3.987 (g / cm 3 )
- the theoretical density of 3 mol% yttria-containing zirconia was 6.0956 (g / cm 3 ).
- the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention contains 2 to 4 mol% yttria as a stabilizer.
- the stabilizer is less than 2 mol%, the strength of the sintered body is lowered. Furthermore, since the crystal phase becomes unstable, it becomes difficult to produce a sintered body. Moreover, when it exceeds 4 mol%, the strength reduction of the sintered body becomes remarkable.
- the yttria concentration of the sintered body suitable for high strength is 2.5 to 3 mol%
- the yttria concentration of the sintered body suitable for total light transmittance is 3 to 4 mol%.
- the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention has an alumina content of 0.2 wt% or less.
- the alumina content exceeds 0.2 wt%, the sintering speed becomes too fast, so that many pores are generated during the sintering, the relative density does not reach 99.8%, and the translucency is poor.
- the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention contains alumina, it is preferable to contain at least 0.005 wt% or more of alumina, but it is not always necessary to contain alumina.
- the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention satisfies the above composition, and has a relative density of 99.8% or more, so that the total light transmittance at a thickness of 1.0 mm satisfies 35% or more. To do.
- the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention is obtained by atmospheric pressure sintering without using pressure sintering such as HIP, and has a total light transmittance of at least 35% or more at a thickness of 1.0 mm. It is preferably 37% or more, more preferably 40% or more, and high translucency up to 45%.
- the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention preferably further has a crystal grain size of 0.20 to 0.45 ⁇ m.
- the crystal grain size is less than 0.20 ⁇ m, since there are many fine pores between grains and within grains, the relative density does not reach 99.8%. If the crystal grain size exceeds 0.45 ⁇ m, the hydrothermal deterioration of the sintered body proceeds remarkably and the sintered body is destroyed, which is not suitable.
- the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention preferably has a monoclinic phase ratio of 30% or less after being immersed in hot water at 140 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the monoclinic phase ratio exceeds 30%, the hydrothermal deterioration of the sintered body proceeds remarkably, and the sintered body is destroyed.
- the alumina content is less than 0.1 wt% and no alumina is contained, it is particularly preferable that the monoclinic phase rate is 20% or less, further 10% or less.
- the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention preferably has a three-point bending strength of 1000 MPa or more. Further, the three-point bending strength is preferably 1100 MPa or more, particularly preferably 1200 PMa or more, and further preferably 1300 MPa or more. Further, when the amount of alumina added is 0.1 wt% or more, it is particularly preferably 1400 MPa or more.
- the zirconia powder for the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention contains 2 to 4 mol% of yttria as a stabilizer, and the alumina content is 0.2 wt% or less.
- the zirconia powder for a translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention preferably has a BET specific surface area in the range of 5 to 16 m 2 / g. In particular, it is preferably 5 to 15 m 2 / g when the alumina content is 0.2 wt% or less, and 10 to 16 m 2 / g when no alumina is contained.
- the BET specific surface area of the zirconia powder is smaller than 5 m 2 / g, the powder is difficult to sinter on the low temperature side, and when it is larger than 16 m 2 / g, the cohesive force between the particles becomes remarkable.
- the zirconia powder for a translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention preferably has an average particle size in the range of 0.3 to 0.7 ⁇ m. Especially when the alumina content is 0.1 to 0.2 wt%, 0.3 to 0.7 ⁇ m, especially 0.4 to 0.5 ⁇ m, and when the alumina content is less than 0.1 wt% and no alumina is contained, 0.4 to 0.5 ⁇ m. It is preferably 0.7 ⁇ m, particularly 0.5 to 0.6 ⁇ m. If the average particle size of the zirconia powder is smaller than 0.3 ⁇ m, the number of fine particles that increase the cohesiveness of the powder increases, and the powder becomes difficult to mold. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.7 ⁇ m, coarse grains containing hard agglomerated particles increase, resulting in a powder that is difficult to mold, and the coarse grains inhibit the densification of the sintering. Become.
- the zirconia powder for a translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention may be obtained, for example, by drying, calcining and pulverizing a hydrated zirconia sol obtained by hydrolysis of a zirconium salt aqueous solution. Furthermore, after adding an alkali metal hydroxide and / or alkaline earth metal hydroxide to the zirconium salt aqueous solution, the hydrated zirconia sol obtained by hydrolysis until the reaction rate becomes 98% or more is stable. It is preferable to add yttrium as a raw material for the agent and dry it.
- Zirconium salts used for the production of the hydrated zirconia sol include zirconium oxychloride, zirconyl nitrate, zirconium chloride, zirconium sulfate and the like, but in addition, a mixture of zirconium hydroxide and acid may be used.
- Examples of the alkali metal hydroxide and / or alkaline earth metal hydroxide added to the zirconium salt aqueous solution include hydroxides such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. The hydroxide is preferably added as an aqueous solution.
- the dried powder of hydrated zirconia sol obtained above is calcined at a temperature of 1000 to 1250 ° C.
- the calcination temperature is outside this temperature range, the zirconia powder obtained by pulverization under the following pulverization conditions becomes remarkably strong, or there are many coarse particles containing hard agglomerated particles. Outside the range of 0.3 to 0.7 ⁇ m, the zirconia powder of the present invention cannot be obtained.
- a more preferable calcining temperature is 1050 to 1150 ° C.
- the average particle diameter of the calcined powder obtained above is in the range of 0.3 to 0.7 ⁇ m (particularly 0.4 to 0.7 ⁇ m when alumina contains less than 0.1 wt% and no alumina). Until then, it is preferable to further adjust the sinterability to the range of the present invention by wet grinding using zirconia balls having a diameter of 3 mm or less.
- Examples of aluminum raw material compounds used as additives in the zirconia powder for the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention include alumina, hydrated alumina, alumina sol, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, and aluminum sulfate. it can.
- an alumina sol having an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 0.05 ⁇ m and a BET specific surface area of 30 to 150 m 2 / g, and further an alumina sol having a BET specific surface area of 30 to 290 m 2 / g is used. It can be used by mixing with zirconia powder and sintering.
- ⁇ -alumina having an average particle size of 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m and a BET specific surface area of 5 to 50 m 2 / g can be used.
- the zirconia powder for a translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention has a sintering shrinkage rate ( ⁇ / ⁇ T: from 70% to 90% relative density in atmospheric pressure sintering (in the atmosphere, 300 ° C./hour).
- sintering shrinkage rate g / cm 3 ⁇ ° C., hereinafter referred to as “sintering shrinkage rate” is 0.0120 or more and 0.0160 or less.
- the zirconia powder of the present invention is formed into a molded body having a relative density of about 50 ⁇ 5% by ordinary press molding (if necessary, isostatic pressing (CIP treatment)).
- CIP treatment isostatic pressing
- sintering shrinkage starts from a temperature equal to or higher than the calcination temperature, particularly around 1100 ° C.
- the shrinkage rate of sintering becomes constant in the range from 70% to 90% relative density, and the shrinkage rate gradually decreases when the relative density exceeds 90%. Even if the temperature is raised further in the vicinity of 100%, it does not shrink.
- the sintering shrinkage rate can be measured with a general-purpose thermal dilatometer (DL9700 manufactured by ULVAC-RIKO) after molding zirconia powder (after die molding, CIP treatment (pressure 2 t / cm 2 )). Since the sintering shrinkage rate in the present invention is a measured value at a relative density of 70% or more, it is not affected by variations in the initial molding density (relative density around 50%). Furthermore, since the shrinkage rate of sintering is constant at a relative density of 70% to 90%, the shrinkage rate is a linear function of temperature and relative density. Therefore, an accurate contraction speed can be easily obtained without using a special approximate calculation process.
- the zirconia powder of the present invention provides a high light-transmitting sintered body by atmospheric pressure sintering, and a high light-transmitting sintered body can be obtained without using pressure sintering such as HIP treatment. It is done. Furthermore, it is preferable that the zirconia powder of the present invention has a specific sinterability (sintering shrinkage rate) with respect to the physical properties of the alumina used. The powder of the present invention is not so preferable that the sintering shrinkage rate is high. If the sintering shrinkage rate of the powder deviates from an appropriate range with respect to the physical properties of alumina, high transparency is obtained by atmospheric pressure sintering. It is difficult to obtain a sintered body having the same.
- the sintering shrinkage rate used in the present invention has different values when the heating rate changes, but has a constant value when the heating rate is determined, and is a value inherent to the powder.
- the sintering shrinkage rate is preferably 0.0125 or more and 0.0160 or less.
- the sintering shrinkage rate is preferably 0.0125 or more and 0.0135 or less. If the sintering shrinkage rate is out of this range, a zirconia sintered body having high translucency cannot be obtained in normal pressure sintering, particularly in the normal pressure sintering at a sintering temperature of 1450 ° C. or lower, further 1400 ° C. or lower.
- the sintering shrinkage rate is preferably more than 0.0135 and not more than 0.0160.
- the sintering shrinkage rate exceeds 0.0160, a sintered body having high translucency cannot be obtained in atmospheric pressure sintering, particularly in sintering at a sintering temperature of 1450 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1400 ° C. or lower.
- alumina having an average particle size of more than 0.05 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m or less is used in the composition of the present invention, it is difficult to adjust one having a sintering shrinkage rate of less than 0.0135.
- the sintering shrinkage rate of the powder of the present invention is preferably 0.0120 or more and 0.0135 or less, particularly preferably 0.0125 or more and 0.0135 or less.
- the zirconia powder for the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention it is preferable to use spray-molded powder granules.
- spray granulated powder containing an organic binder in addition to yttria as a stabilizer and alumina as an additive.
- the zirconia powder When the zirconia powder is made into a slurry and spray-dried, the zirconia granules have high fluidity when forming a molded body, and bubbles are hardly generated in the sintered body. It is preferable that the granule has a particle size of 30 to 80 ⁇ m and a light bulk density of 1.10 to 1.40 g / cm 3 .
- examples of the binder include commonly used binders such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyrate, wax, acrylic, etc. Among them, carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof (for example, salts, particularly Acrylic materials having an ammonium salt or the like are preferred.
- examples of the acrylic binder include polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, acrylic acid copolymer, methacrylic acid copolymer, and derivatives thereof.
- the amount of the binder added is preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, particularly 1 to 5% by weight, based on the ceramic powder in the ceramic powder slurry.
- the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention is obtained by molding 2 to 4 mol% of yttria as a stabilizer, alumina sol having a particle diameter of 0.01 to 0.05 ⁇ m as an additive, and 0.2 wt% or less of zirconia powder. It is preferably produced by sintering under normal pressure at 1350 to 1450 ° C., particularly at a sintering temperature of 1400 ° C. or less and at a heating rate of 100 ° C./hour or less.
- the sintering temperature is less than 1350 ° C., the relative density does not reach 99.8%.
- the sintering temperature exceeds 1450 ° C., the hydrothermal deterioration of the sintered body proceeds remarkably, so that the sintered body is easily broken.
- the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention can be obtained by atmospheric pressure sintering, but there is no particular limitation unless the sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, and an oxygen atmosphere and sintering in the air are preferable. It is particularly preferable to sinter in the atmosphere.
- the average particle diameter of the zirconia fine powder was measured using a Microtrac particle size distribution meter (manufactured by Honeywell, model: 9320-HRA). As pretreatment conditions for the sample, the powder was suspended in distilled water and dispersed for 3 minutes using an ultrasonic homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho, model: US-150T). The monoclinic phase ratio determined by XRD measurement was calculated from Equation 1 (in all examples, cubic crystals were not included). Moreover, the average particle diameter of the zirconia granule was calculated
- the raw material powder was preliminarily molded at a pressure of 700 kgf / cm 2 by a mold press.
- the obtained preform was processed by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) at a pressure of 2 t / cm 2 using a rubber mold to obtain a molded body.
- the obtained molded body was sintered at a predetermined temperature (holding time 2 hours).
- the average particle size of the crystal grains of the zirconia sintered body was determined by heat-etching the mirror-polished sintered body and using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., model: JSM-T220). Calculated by the planimetric method.
- the sintered body density was measured by Archimedes method.
- the total light transmittance of the sintered body was measured with a light source D65 in accordance with JIS K7361 using a turbidimeter (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., model: NDH2000).
- the sample used was a disc-shaped one having a thickness of 1 mm obtained by polishing the sintered body on both sides.
- the strength of the sintered body was evaluated by a three-point bending measurement method.
- the hydrothermal durability test was evaluated by immersing the sintered body in hot water at 140 ° C. for 24 hours and determining the ratio of the monoclinic phase to be formed (monoclinic phase ratio).
- the monoclinic phase ratio was obtained by the above-described equation 1 by the same calculation method as that of the monoclinic phase ratio of the zirconia fine powder after XRD measurement of the sintered body subjected to the immersion treatment.
- yttrium chloride was added to a yttria concentration of 3 mol%, dried, and calcined at a temperature of 1140 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the obtained calcined powder was washed with water, and then an alumina sol having a particle size of 0.015 ⁇ m was added to a slurry having an alumina content of 0.10 wt% and distilled water to give a zirconia concentration of 45 wt%.
- This slurry was treated with a vibration mill for 24 hours using zirconia balls having a diameter of 2 mm to obtain zirconia powder.
- Table 1 shows the Al 2 O 3 content, the BET specific surface area, the average particle diameter, and the monoclinic crystal ratio of the obtained zirconia powder.
- the obtained zirconia powder was dispersed in water to obtain a zirconia slurry having a slurry concentration of 50%. After the viscosity was adjusted by adding a thickener to the slurry, spray granulation was performed.
- the obtained zirconia granules had an average particle size of 50 ⁇ m and a light bulk density of 1.21 g / cm 3 .
- the zirconia granules obtained above were press-molded with CIP (pressure 2 t / cm 2 ) and sintered under the condition of 1450 ° C.
- Table 2 shows the sintering temperature, sintered body density, bending strength, crystal grain size, and monoclinic crystal phase rate after the hydrothermal durability test of the obtained sintered body.
- the obtained sintered body had a total light transmittance of 37% and was confirmed to be a sintered body excellent in translucency. Further, the monoclinic phase ratio after the hydrothermal durability test was 21%, and it was confirmed that the sintered body was hardly deteriorated.
- Example 2 A zirconia powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.12% by weight of alumina sol was added in terms of alumina content. The properties of the obtained zirconia powder are shown in Table 1. Thereafter, the obtained zirconia powder was dispersed in water to obtain a zirconia slurry having a slurry concentration of 50%. Acrylic binder and polyvinyl alcohol were added to this slurry in an amount of 3 wt% with respect to the zirconia in the zirconia slurry, and after adjusting the viscosity by adding a thickener, spray granulation was performed to produce zirconia granules. . The obtained zirconia granules had an average particle size of 45 ⁇ m and a light bulk density of 1.20 g / cm 3 .
- the zirconia granule powder obtained above was press-molded with CIP (pressure 2 t / cm 2 ) and sintered at 1450 ° C.
- Table 2 shows the sintering temperature, sintered body density, bending strength, crystal grain size, and monoclinic crystal phase rate after the hydrothermal durability test of the obtained sintered body.
- the obtained sintered body had a total light transmittance of 35% and was confirmed to be a sintered body excellent in translucency. Further, the monoclinic phase rate after the deterioration test was 20%, and it was confirmed that the sintered body was not easily deteriorated.
- Example 3 A zirconia powder was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the alumina sol was added so that the alumina content was 0.17 wt%. The characteristics of the obtained zirconia powder are shown in Table 1. Using the zirconia powder, zirconia granules were obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. The obtained zirconia granules had an average particle size of 40 ⁇ m and a light bulk density of 1.18 g / cm 3 .
- Table 2 shows the sintering temperature, sintered body density, bending strength, crystal grain size, and monoclinic crystal phase rate after the deterioration test of the obtained sintered body.
- the obtained sintered body had a total light transmittance of 39% and was confirmed to be a sintered body excellent in translucency. Further, the monoclinic phase ratio after the deterioration test was 28%, and it was confirmed that the sintered body was not easily deteriorated.
- Example 4 A zirconia sintered body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the sintering temperature of the zirconia granules was 1350 ° C. However, at the time of sintering, the place where the temperature was normally raised at 100 ° C./hour was sintered at a low temperature raising rate of 50 ° C./hour. Table 2 shows the sintering temperature, sintered body density, bending strength, crystal grain size, and monoclinic crystal phase rate after the hydrothermal durability test of the obtained sintered body.
- the obtained sintered body had a total light transmittance of 38% and was confirmed to be a sintered body excellent in translucency. Further, the monoclinic phase rate after the deterioration test was 5%, and it was confirmed that the sintered body was not easily deteriorated.
- Example 5 A zirconia powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the calcining temperature during production of the zirconia powder was 1220 ° C. The characteristics of the obtained fine zirconia powder are shown in Table 1.
- zirconia fine powder zirconia fine powder
- zirconia granules were obtained in the same manner as in Example 2.
- the obtained zirconia granules had an average particle size of 40 ⁇ m and a light bulk density of 1.12 g / cm 3 .
- the zirconia granules obtained above were press-molded and sintered at 1400 ° C. However, at the time of sintering, the place where the temperature was normally raised at 100 ° C./hour was sintered at a low temperature raising rate of 50 ° C./hour.
- Table 2 shows the sintering temperature, sintered body density, bending strength, crystal grain size, and monoclinic crystal phase rate after the hydrothermal durability test of the obtained sintered body.
- the total light transmittance of the obtained sintered body was 39%, and it was confirmed that the sintered body was excellent in translucency. Further, the monoclinic phase ratio after the hydrothermal durability test was 27%, and it was confirmed that the sintered body was hardly deteriorated.
- Example 6 A zirconia powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the calcining temperature during production of the zirconia powder was 1080 ° C. The characteristics of the obtained zirconia powder are shown in Table 1.
- zirconia granules were obtained in the same manner as in Example 2.
- the obtained zirconia granules had an average particle size of 42 ⁇ m and a light bulk density of 1.23 g / cm 3 .
- the zirconia granules obtained above were press-molded and sintered at 1400 ° C. However, at the time of sintering, the place where the temperature was normally raised at 100 ° C./hour was sintered at a low temperature raising rate of 50 ° C./hour.
- Table 2 shows the sintering temperature, sintered body density, bending strength, crystal grain size, and monoclinic crystal phase rate after the hydrothermal durability test of the obtained sintered body.
- the total light transmittance of the obtained sintered body was 38%, and it was confirmed that the sintered body was excellent in translucency. Further, the monoclinic phase ratio after the hydrothermal durability test was 29%, and it was confirmed that the sintered body was hardly deteriorated.
- Example 1 A zirconia powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.075% by weight of alumina sol was added in terms of alumina content. Using the zirconia powder, zirconia granules were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The properties of the obtained zirconia powder are shown in Table 1.
- the zirconia granules obtained above were press-molded with CIP (pressure 2 t / cm 2 ) and sintered under the condition of 1450 ° C.
- Table 2 shows the sintering temperature, sintered body density, bending strength, crystal grain size, and monoclinic crystal phase rate after the hydrothermal durability test of the obtained sintered body.
- the monoclinic phase ratio after the hydrothermal durability test of the obtained sintered body was 10%, it was confirmed that the sintered body was hardly deteriorated, but the total light transmittance was as low as 29%, It was found to be a sintered body with poor light properties.
- Example 2 A zirconia powder was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the alumina content in Example 1 was 0.25 wt% with alumina powder and the pulverization time was 8 hours. Zirconia granules were obtained in the same manner as in No. 2. The characteristics of the obtained zirconia powder are shown in Table 1.
- Table 2 shows the sintering temperature, sintered body density, bending strength, crystal grain size, and monoclinic crystal phase rate after the hydrothermal durability test of the obtained sintered body.
- the obtained sintered body had a monoclinic phase ratio after the hydrothermal durability test of 50%, and was confirmed to be a highly reliable sintered body that is easily deteriorated. Moreover, it turned out that it is a sintered compact with a total light transmittance as low as 32%, and poor in translucency.
- Example 3 A zirconia powder was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the calcining temperature of Example 1 was 900 ° C., alumina content was 0.25 wt% with alumina powder, and treatment was performed with a vibration mill for 8 hours. Was used to obtain zirconia granules in the same manner as in Example 2. The characteristics of the obtained zirconia powder are shown in Table 1.
- Table 2 shows the sintering temperature, sintered body density, bending strength, crystal grain size, and monoclinic crystal phase rate after the hydrothermal durability test of the obtained sintered body.
- the monoclinic phase ratio after the hydrothermal durability test of the obtained sintered body was 5%, it was confirmed that the sintered body was hardly deteriorated, but the total light transmittance was 18%, which was very low. It turned out to be a ligation.
- Examples 7 to 10, Comparative Examples 4 to 7 To the hydrated zirconia sol obtained by the hydrolysis reaction, yttrium chloride was added so that the yttria concentration was 3 mol%, and after drying, the same alumina sol as used in Examples 1 to 6 and the average particle size were used. ⁇ -alumina powder having a particle diameter of 0.3 ⁇ m was used, and a zirconia powder having a BET surface area of 10 to 15 m 2 / g was prepared.
- the obtained powder was press-molded with CIP (pressure 2 t / cm 2 ) and sintered under the condition of 1400 ° C. Similarly, a CIP-molded molded body was subjected to a sintering shrinkage rate using a heat shrinkage meter (DL9700 manufactured by ULVAC-RIKO).
- Table 3 shows the Al 2 O 3 content (particle size) of the zirconia powder, the BET specific surface area, the sintering shrinkage rate, and the sintering density when sintering at an atmospheric pressure of 1400 ° C. and a heating rate of 100 ° C./hour. Indicated.
- the average particle size of alumina is 0.01 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.05 ⁇ m, it is 0.0125 or more and 0.0135 or less.
- the average particle size of alumina is more than 0.05 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m or less, 0.0135
- a translucent zirconia sintered body having a relative density of 99.8% or more was obtained at a temperature exceeding 0.0160 and below.
- alumina content was 0.1 to 0.2 wt%
- a sintered body having a relative density of 99.8% or more had a light transmittance of 35% or more. Therefore, a relative density of 99.8% or more is indispensable to achieve a transmittance of 35% or more.
- Yttrium chloride is added to a hydrated zirconia sol obtained by hydrolysis of zirconium oxychloride so as to have a yttria concentration of 3 mol%, dried, and calcined at a calcining temperature of 1000 to 1200 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours. did.
- an alumina sol having an average particle size of 0.015 ⁇ m or ⁇ -alumina having an average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m is added in an amount of 0.005 to 0.075 wt% and distilled water.
- a slurry having a zirconia concentration of 45% by weight was obtained. This slurry was pulverized for 24 to 36 hours with a vibration mill using zirconia balls having a diameter of 3 mm to obtain zirconia powder.
- the obtained powder was press-molded with CIP (pressure 2 t / cm 2 ) and sintered at 1400 ° C. or 1450 ° C. Similarly, a CIP-molded molded body was subjected to a sintering shrinkage rate using a heat shrinkage meter (DL9700 manufactured by ULVAC-RIKO).
- Al 2 O 3 content (particle size) of zirconia powder BET specific surface area, sintering shrinkage rate, sintering density when sintered at 1400 ° C. and atmospheric pressure at 100 ° C./hour, average grain size, total Table 4 shows the light transmittance, bending strength, and monoclinic phase ratio after hydrothermal deterioration.
- the BET specific surface area and the sintering shrinkage rate were changed depending on the calcining conditions.
- the sintering shrinkage rate is 0.0125 or more and 0.0140 or less, while the average particle size of alumina exceeds 0.05 ⁇ m and is 0.
- a translucent zirconia sintered body having a relative density of 99.8% or more was obtained when the sintering shrinkage rate exceeded 0.0135 and 0.0160 or less.
- the sintering shrinkage rate that achieves a relative density of 99.8% or higher at a low temperature of 1400 ° C. when an alumina sol having a small particle diameter is used.
- the tolerance range is narrow. If the alumina is less than 0.1 wt%, it is preferable to use a particle size of 0.05 ⁇ m or more.
- Example 29 to 40 Comparative Examples 13 to 16
- Yttrium chloride was added to the hydrated zirconia sol obtained by the hydrolysis reaction of zirconium oxychloride so as to have a yttria concentration of 3 mol% and dried, and the calcination temperature was 1000 to 1150 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours.
- distilled water was added to form a slurry having a zirconia concentration of 45% by weight. This slurry was pulverized for 24 hours with a vibration mill using zirconia balls having a diameter of 3 mm to obtain zirconia powder.
- the obtained powder was press-molded with CIP (pressure 2 t / cm 2 ) and sintered under the condition of 1400 ° C. Similarly, a CIP-molded molded body was subjected to a sintering shrinkage rate using a heat shrinkage meter (DL9700 manufactured by ULVAC-RIKO).
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the sintering shrinkage speed and the sintering density of the present invention.
- Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-101324 Japanese patent application filed on December 24, 2008
- Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-3284908 Japanese patent application filed on December 24, 2008.
- Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-328500 Japanese patent application filed on December 24, 2008
- the translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention has high density, high strength and excellent translucency, the zirconia sintered body used in dental applications, specifically, a mill blank such as a denture material, It is excellent as a sintered body used as an orthodontic bracket.
- the powder for a translucent zirconia sintered body of the present invention can produce a translucent zirconia sintered body by normal pressure sintering without using a large pressure sintering apparatus such as HIP. Therefore, the industrial value of the present invention is remarkable.
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Abstract
Description
1)安定化剤として2~4mol%のイットリアを含み、アルミナの含有量が0.2wt%以下であるジルコニアからなり、相対密度が99.8%以上、かつ厚さ1.0mmでの全光線透過率が35%以上であることを特徴とする透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
2)アルミナの含有量が好ましくは0.1~0.2wt%である上記1)に記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
3)アルミナの含有量が好ましくは0.1wt%未満である上記1)に記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
4)好ましくは、アルミナを含有しない(アルミナの含有量が0wt%)上記1)に記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
6)140℃の熱水中に24時間浸漬させた後の単斜晶相率が好ましくは30%以下である上記1)~5)のいずれかに記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
7)3点曲げ強度が好ましくは1000MPa以上である上記1)~6)のいずれかに記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
8)好ましくは、安定化剤として2~4mol%のイットリアを含み、アルミナの含有量が0.2wt%以下であり、常圧焼結(大気中、300℃/時)における相対密度70%から90%に至る焼結収縮速度(△ρ/△T:g/cm3・℃)が0.0120以上0.0160以下である透光性ジルコニア焼結体用粉末。
10)好ましくは、安定化剤として2~4mol%のイットリアを含み、アルミナを0.1wt%未満含有し、常圧焼結(大気中、300℃/時)における相対密度70%から90%に至る焼結収縮速度(△ρ/△T:g/cm3・℃)が0.0125以上0.0160以下である上記8)に記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体用粉末。
12)好ましくは、上記8)乃至11)のいずれかに記載のジルコニア粉末を成形後、常圧下にて1350~1450℃で焼結することを特徴とする透光性ジルコニア焼結体の製造方法。
13)上記1)乃至7)に記載のいずれかかの焼結体を用いてなる歯科材料。
14)歯科材料が好ましくは義歯及び/又は義歯ミルブランクである上記13)の歯科材料。
15)歯科材料が好ましくは歯列矯正ブラケットである上記13)に記載の歯科材料。
なお、本発明におけるジルコニア粉末の「平均粒径」とは、体積基準で表される粒径分布の累積カーブの中央値(メディアン径;累積カーブの50%に対応する粒径)となる粒子と同じ体積の球の直径をいい、レーザー回折法による粒径分布測定装置によって測定した値である。
{但し、X:アルミナ含有量(重量%)}
本発明の透光性ジルコニア焼結体は、安定化剤として2~4mol%のイットリアを含むものである。安定化剤が2mol%未満では、焼結体の強度が低下する。さらに、結晶相が不安定となるため、焼結体の作製が困難となる。又、4mol%を超えると焼結体の強度低下が顕著になる。高強度に適する焼結体のイットリア濃度は2.5~3mol%であり、全光線透過率に適する焼結体のイットリア濃度は3~4mol%である。
本発明の透光性ジルコニア焼結体用のジルコニア粉末は、安定化剤として2~4mol%のイットリアを含み、アルミナの含有量が0.2wt%以下である。
0.4モル/リットルのオキシ塩化ジルコニウム水溶液に水酸化カリウム水溶液を添加して、モル濃度比が[OH]/[Zr]=0.02の水溶液を調製した。この溶液を還流器付きフラスコ中で攪拌しながら加水分解反応を煮沸温度で350時間行なった。得られた水和ジルコニアゾルの反応率は99%であった。この水和ジルコニアゾルに蒸留水を加えて、ジルコニア換算濃度0.3モル/リットルの溶液を調製した。これを出発溶液に用いて、溶液の5体積%を反応槽から間欠的に排出し、かつ、溶液の体積が一定に保たれるように、その排出量と同量の0.3モル/リットルの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加したオキシ塩化ジルコニウム水溶液([OH]/[Zr]=0.02)を30分毎に反応槽に供給しながら煮沸温度で加水分解反応を200時間行った。反応槽から排出された水和ジルコニアゾルの反応率は99%であった。
アルミナゾルをアルミナ含有量で0.12重量%添加した以外は実施例1と同様にしてジルコニア粉末を得た。得られたジルコニア粉末の特性を表1に示す。その後で、得られたジルコニア粉末を水に分散させてスラリー濃度50%のジルコニアスラリーを得た。このスラリーにアクリル系バインダー及びポリビニルアルコールを、ジルコニアスラリー中のジルコニアに対して3wt%添加し、増粘剤を添加して粘度調整を行ったあとに噴霧造粒を実施してジルコニア顆粒を製造した。得られたジルコニア顆粒の平均粒径が45μm、軽装嵩密度が1.20g/cm3であった。
アルミナゾルをアルミナ含有量で0.17重量%になるように添加した以外は、実施例1と同様の条件でジルコニア粉末を得た。得られたジルコニア粉末の特性を表1に示した。そのジルコニア粉末を使用して、実施例2と同様の方法でジルコニア顆粒を得た。得られたジルコニア顆粒の平均粒径が40μm、軽装嵩密度が1.18g/cm3であった。
ジルコニア顆粒の焼結温度を1350℃とする以外は、実施例3と同様の方法でジルコニア焼結体を得た。但し、焼結の際、通常は100℃/時で昇温するところを50℃/時と低い昇温速度で焼結した。得られた焼結体の焼結温度、焼結体密度、曲げ強度、結晶粒径、水熱耐久試験後の単斜結晶相率を表2に示した。
ジルコニア粉末の製造時の仮焼温度を1220℃にする以外は、実施例3と同様の方法でジルコニア粉末を得た。得られたジルコニア微粉末の特性を表1に示した。
ジルコニア粉末の製造時の仮焼温度を1080℃にする以外は、実施例3と同様の方法でジルコニア粉末を得た。得られたジルコニア粉末の特性を表1に示した。
アルミナゾルをアルミナ含有量で0.075重量%添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてジルコニア粉末を得、そのジルコニア粉末を使用して、実施例1と同様の方法でジルコニア顆粒を得た。得られたジルコニア粉末の特性を表1に示す。
実施例1のアルミナ含有量をアルミナ粉末で0.25重量%,粉砕時間を8時間にする以外は、実施例1と同様の条件でジルコニア粉末を得、そのジルコニア粉末を使用して、実施例2と同様の方法でジルコニア顆粒を得た。得られたジルコニア粉末の特性を表1に示した。
実施例1の仮焼温度を900℃、アルミナ粉末でアルミナ含有量を0.25重量%、振動ミルで8時間処理する以外は、実施例1と同様の条件でジルコニア粉末を得、そのジルコニア粉末を使用して、実施例2と同様の方法でジルコニア顆粒を得た。
得られたジルコニア粉末の特性を表1に示した。
加水分解反応により得られた水和ジルコニアゾルに、塩化イットリウムをイットリア濃度が3モル%になるように添加し、乾燥後、実施例1~6で用いたものと同様のアルミナゾルと、平均粒径が0.3μmのα―アルミナ粉末を用い、ジルコニア粉末のBET表面積が10~15m2/gの粉末を調製した。
オキシ塩化ジルコニウムの加水分解によって得られた水和ジルコニアゾルに、塩化イットリウムをイットリア濃度が3モル%になるように添加して乾燥させ、1000~1200℃の仮焼温度で1~10時間仮焼した。
オキシ塩化ジルコニウムの加水分解反応によって得られた水和ジルコニアゾルに、塩化イットリウムをイットリア濃度が3モル%になるように添加して乾燥させ、1000~1150℃の仮焼温度で1~10時間仮焼し、蒸留水を加えてジルコニア濃度45重量%のスラリーにした。このスラリーを直径3mmのジルコニアボールを用いて、振動ミルで24時間粉砕処理し、ジルコニア粉末を得た。
Claims (15)
- 安定化剤として2~4mol%のイットリアを含み、アルミナの含有量が0.2wt%以下であるジルコニアからなり、相対密度が99.8%以上、かつ厚さ1.0mmでの全光線透過率が35%以上であることを特徴とする透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
- アルミナの含有量が0.1~0.2wt%である請求項1に記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
- アルミナの含有量が0.1wt%未満である請求項1に記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
- アルミナを含有しない(アルミナの含有量が0wt%)請求項1に記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
- 結晶粒径が0.20~0.45μmである請求項1乃至4に記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
- 140℃の熱水中に24時間浸漬させた後の単斜晶相率が30%以下である請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
- 3点曲げ強度が1000MPa以上である請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体。
- 安定化剤として2~4mol%のイットリアを含み、アルミナの含有量が0.2wt%以下であり、常圧焼結(大気中、300℃/時)における相対密度70%から90%に至る焼結収縮速度(△ρ/△T:g/cm3・℃)が0.0120以上0.0160以下である透光性ジルコニア焼結体用粉末。
- 安定化剤として2~4mol%のイットリアを含み、アルミナを0.1~0.2wt%含有し、常圧焼結(大気中、300℃/時)における相対密度70%から90%に至る焼結収縮速度(△ρ/△T:g/cm3・℃)が0.0125以上0.0160以下である請求項8に記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体用粉末。
- 安定化剤として2~4mol%のイットリアを含み、アルミナを0.1wt%未満含有し、常圧焼結(大気中、300℃/時)における相対密度70%から90%に至る焼結収縮速度(△ρ/△T:g/cm3・℃)が0.0125以上0.0160以下である請求項8に記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体用粉末。
- 安定化剤として2~4mol%のイットリアを含み、アルミナを含有せず(アルミナ含有量0wt%)であり、常圧焼結(大気中、300℃/時)における相対密度70%から90%に至る焼結収縮速度(△ρ/△T:g/cm3・℃)が0.0120以上0.0135以下である請求項8に記載の透光性ジルコニア焼結体用粉末。
- 請求項8乃至11のいずれかに記載のジルコニア粉末を成形後、常圧下にて1350~1450℃で焼結することを特徴とする透光性ジルコニア焼結体の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至7に記載のいずれかかの焼結体を用いてなる歯科材料。
- 歯科材料が義歯及び/又は義歯ミルブランクである請求項13の歯科材料。
- 歯科材料が歯列矯正ブラケットである請求項13に記載の歯科材料。
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CN2009801126432A CN101998939A (zh) | 2008-04-09 | 2009-04-08 | 透光性氧化锆烧结体、其生产方法及其用途 |
EP09729325.2A EP2263988B1 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2009-04-08 | Light-transmitting sintered zirconia compact, process for producing the same, and use thereof |
US12/936,484 US20110027742A1 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2009-04-08 | Translucent zirconia sintered body, process for producing the same, and use of the same |
CA2719340A CA2719340C (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2009-04-08 | Translucent zirconia sintered body, process for producing the same, and use of the same |
US14/473,494 US9309157B2 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2014-08-29 | Translucent zirconia sintered body, process for producing the same, and use of the same |
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JP2008328498A JP2009269812A (ja) | 2008-04-09 | 2008-12-24 | 透光性ジルコニア焼結体及びその製造方法並びに用途 |
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JP2008328499A JP5608976B2 (ja) | 2008-12-24 | 2008-12-24 | 透光性ジルコニア焼結体及びその製造方法並びに用途 |
JP2008328500A JP5707667B2 (ja) | 2008-12-24 | 2008-12-24 | 透光性ジルコニア焼結体及びその製造方法及びその用途 |
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US14/473,494 Division US9309157B2 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2014-08-29 | Translucent zirconia sintered body, process for producing the same, and use of the same |
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US (2) | US20110027742A1 (ja) |
EP (3) | EP2263988B1 (ja) |
CN (3) | CN104016677A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2719340C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009125793A1 (ja) |
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JP4926287B1 (ja) * | 2011-07-15 | 2012-05-09 | 菊水化学工業株式会社 | インプラントフィクスチャー及びその製造方法 |
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WO2021215419A1 (ja) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | 東ソー株式会社 | 焼結体及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
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EP2674408A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
CN104086174A (zh) | 2014-10-08 |
US9309157B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
CA2719340C (en) | 2016-11-01 |
EP2263988A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
CN101998939A (zh) | 2011-03-30 |
EP2674408B1 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
US20140370453A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
EP2263988A4 (en) | 2013-03-20 |
CN104016677A (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
EP2263988B1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
CA2719340A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
EP3210953A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
US20110027742A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
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