WO2009116580A1 - 太陽電池及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009116580A1 WO2009116580A1 PCT/JP2009/055312 JP2009055312W WO2009116580A1 WO 2009116580 A1 WO2009116580 A1 WO 2009116580A1 JP 2009055312 W JP2009055312 W JP 2009055312W WO 2009116580 A1 WO2009116580 A1 WO 2009116580A1
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- transparent conductive
- conductive film
- semiconductor layer
- type semiconductor
- solar cell
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
- H01L31/0745—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells
- H01L31/0747—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells comprising a heterojunction of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer or HIT® solar cells; solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022466—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers
- H01L31/022475—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers composed of indium tin oxide [ITO]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022466—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers
- H01L31/022483—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers composed of zinc oxide [ZnO]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/075—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PIN type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1884—Manufacture of transparent electrodes, e.g. TCO, ITO
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/548—Amorphous silicon PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar cell including a transparent conductive film formed on a photoelectric conversion portion and a method for manufacturing the solar cell.
- Solar cells are expected to be a new energy source because they can directly convert clean and inexhaustible sunlight into electricity.
- the solar cell includes an n-type semiconductor layer and a p-type semiconductor layer, and includes a photoelectric conversion unit that generates photogenerated carriers by receiving light. Carriers are extracted from the photoelectric conversion unit through electrodes formed on the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer.
- the electrode a laminated structure of a transparent conductive film and a metal layer may be used. In this case, the electrical resistivity of the transparent conductive film is desirably low.
- the surface characteristics of the photoelectric conversion part may be deteriorated.
- the surface of the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer may be deteriorated by hydrogen radicals having a reducing property when forming the transparent conductive film.
- This invention is made
- a solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion unit that generates photogenerated carriers by receiving light, a first transparent conductive film formed on a first main surface of the photoelectric conversion unit, and the first main A second transparent conductive film formed on a second main surface provided on the opposite side of the surface, wherein the first main surface is formed of an n-type semiconductor layer, and the second main surface is a p-type semiconductor.
- the hydrogen atom content rate of the first transparent conductive film on the n-type semiconductor layer side is lower than the hydrogen atom content rate of the second transparent conductive film.
- the hydrogen atom content on the n-type semiconductor layer side of the first transparent conductive film formed on the first main surface is formed on the second main surface. It is lower than the hydrogen atom content of the second transparent conductive film. Therefore, the influence of hydrogen radicals on the surface of the n-type semiconductor layer that forms the first main surface of the photoelectric conversion unit can be reduced. Therefore, deterioration of the surface characteristics of the photoelectric conversion unit can be suppressed.
- the hydrogen atom content on the opposite side of the n-type semiconductor layer of the first transparent conductive film is greater than the hydrogen atom content on the n-type semiconductor layer side of the first transparent conductive film. It may be high.
- the n-type semiconductor layer side of the first transparent conductive film and the opposite side of the first transparent conductive film to the n-type semiconductor layer are made of different materials. Also good.
- the photoelectric conversion portion may be mainly composed of single crystal silicon, and each of the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer may be mainly composed of an amorphous silicon-based semiconductor.
- a method for manufacturing a solar cell is a method for manufacturing a solar cell including a photoelectric conversion unit that generates a photogenerated carrier by receiving light, in an atmosphere that does not contain hydrogen.
- Step B wherein the first main surface is formed of an n-type semiconductor layer, and the second main surface is formed of a p-type semiconductor layer.
- the gist is to form the second transparent conductive film.
- the step B may be performed after the step A is performed.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of the second main surface side of the solar cell 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the solar cell 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the solar cell 10 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a solar cell 20 according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows the thickness of the ITO film formed on the n-type amorphous silicon layer and the fill factor F.V. F. It is a figure which shows the relationship.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of the solar cell 10 on the second main surface S2 side.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
- the solar cell 10 includes a solar cell substrate 1, a fine wire electrode 2, and a connection electrode 3.
- the solar cell substrate 1 includes a photoelectric conversion unit 11 that generates photogenerated carriers by receiving light, a first transparent conductive film 12, and a second transparent conductive film 13. Further, the solar cell substrate 1 has a first main surface S1 (lower surface in FIG. 2) and a second main surface S2 (upper surface in FIG. 2) provided on the opposite side of the first main surface S1. The configuration of the solar cell substrate 1 will be described later.
- the fine wire electrode 2 is a collection electrode that collects photogenerated carriers from the photoelectric conversion unit 11.
- the thin wire electrode 2 is formed on the second main surface S ⁇ b> 2 of the solar cell substrate 1 along a first direction substantially parallel to one side of the solar cell substrate 1.
- the plurality of thin wire electrodes 2 are arranged at substantially equal intervals in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction.
- the thin wire electrode 2 is formed on the first main surface S1 of the solar cell substrate 1 (not shown).
- the thin wire electrode 2 formed on the second main surface S2 of the solar cell substrate 1 collects carriers from the photoelectric conversion unit 11 via a second transparent conductive film 13 described later.
- the thin wire electrode 2 formed on the first main surface S1 of the solar cell substrate 1 collects carriers from the photoelectric conversion unit 11 via the first transparent conductive film 12 described later.
- the fine wire electrode 2 is, for example, a resin-type conductive paste using a resin material as a binder and silver particles or other conductive particles as a filler, or a sintered conductive paste containing silver powder, glass frit, an organic vehicle, an organic solvent, or the like. (So-called ceramic paste) can be formed by printing by a printing method. Moreover, the thin wire electrode 2 may be formed as a metal thin film by a vapor deposition method. The number of the thin wire electrodes 2 can be set to an appropriate size and number in consideration of the size of the photoelectric conversion unit 11 and the like.
- connection electrode 3 is an electrode connected to a wiring material (not shown) that electrically connects the plurality of solar cells 10 in series or in parallel. As shown in FIG. 1, the connection electrode 3 is formed on the second main surface S ⁇ b> 2 of the solar cell substrate 1 along the second direction. Therefore, the connection electrode 3 intersects with the plurality of fine wire electrodes 2 and is electrically connected to the plurality of fine wire electrodes 2. Similarly to the second main surface S2 of the solar cell substrate 1, the connection electrode 3 is also formed on the first main surface S1 of the solar cell substrate 1 (not shown).
- the connection electrode 3 can be formed by a printing method or a vapor deposition method as in the case of the thin wire electrode 2.
- the number of connection electrodes 3 can be set to an appropriate size and number in consideration of the size of the photoelectric conversion unit 11 and the like.
- the solar cell substrate 1 includes a photoelectric conversion unit 11, a first transparent conductive film 12, and a second transparent conductive film 13.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 11 has a first main surface S1 (lower surface in FIG. 2) and a second main surface S2 (upper surface in FIG. 2) provided on the opposite side of the first main surface S1.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 11 generates photogenerated carriers by receiving light on the first main surface S1 or the second main surface S2 of the photoelectric conversion unit 11.
- the photogenerated carrier refers to a pair of holes and electrons generated when sunlight is absorbed by the photoelectric conversion unit 11.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 11 includes an n-type substrate 11a, an i-type semiconductor layer 11b, a p-type semiconductor layer 11c, an i-type semiconductor layer 11d, and an n-type semiconductor layer 11e.
- the n-type substrate 11 a is the main body of the photoelectric conversion unit 11.
- an n-type single crystal silicon substrate can be used as the n-type substrate 11a.
- a p-type semiconductor layer 11c is formed via an i-type semiconductor layer 11b.
- an n-type semiconductor layer 11e is formed on the first main surface S1 side of the n-type substrate 11a via an i-type semiconductor layer 11d. That is, the second main surface S2 of the photoelectric conversion unit 11 is formed by the p-type semiconductor layer 11c, and the first main surface S1 of the photoelectric conversion unit 11 is formed by the n-type semiconductor layer 11e.
- the i-type semiconductor layer 11b, the p-type semiconductor layer 11c, the i-type semiconductor layer 11d, and the n-type semiconductor layer 11e are respectively an i-type amorphous semiconductor layer, a p-type amorphous semiconductor layer, and an i-type amorphous semiconductor.
- a layer, an n-type amorphous semiconductor layer, or the like can be used.
- the thicknesses of the i-type semiconductor layer 11b and the i-type semiconductor layer 11d formed of the i-type amorphous semiconductor layer do not substantially contribute to power generation.
- the thickness of the i-type semiconductor layer 11b and the i-type semiconductor layer 11d is preferably in the range of several to 250 inches.
- a silicon-based semiconductor such as amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon carbide, amorphous silicon germanium, or microcrystalline silicon can be used.
- the configuration of the photoelectric conversion unit 11 is not limited to the configuration described above.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 11 may not include the i-type semiconductor layer 11b and the i-type semiconductor layer 11d, and may have another configuration.
- the first transparent conductive film 12 is formed on the n-type semiconductor layer 11 e that forms the first main surface S ⁇ b> 1 of the photoelectric conversion unit 11.
- the first transparent conductive film 12 has translucency and conductivity.
- a metal oxide such as indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), or titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) can be used.
- metal oxides include tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), tungsten (W), antimony (Sb), titanium (Ti), cerium (Ce), zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo), aluminum ( A dopant such as Al) and gallium (Ga) may be doped.
- concentration of the dopant can be 0 to 20 wt%.
- the second transparent conductive film 13 is formed on the p-type semiconductor layer 11 c that forms the second main surface S ⁇ b> 2 of the photoelectric conversion unit 11.
- the second transparent conductive film 13 has translucency and conductivity.
- the first transparent conductive film 12 the second transparent conductive film 13 is made of indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), or the like. Metal oxides can be used.
- metal oxides include tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), tungsten (W), antimony (Sb), titanium (Ti), cerium (Ce), zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al ),
- a dopant such as gallium (Ga) may be doped.
- the concentration of the dopant can be 0 to 20 wt%.
- the material which comprises the 2nd transparent conductive film 13 may be the same as the material which comprises the 1st transparent conductive film 12, and may differ.
- the hydrogen atom content of the first transparent conductive film 12 is lower than the hydrogen atom content of the second transparent conductive film 13. Therefore, for example, a metal oxide formed in an atmosphere not containing hydrogen is used as the first transparent conductive film 12, and an atmosphere in which hydrogen atoms are supplied (an atmosphere containing hydrogen) as the second transparent conductive film 13.
- the metal oxide formed in can be used.
- an i-type semiconductor layer 11b and a p-type semiconductor layer 11c are sequentially stacked on the second main surface S2 side of the n-type substrate 11a by using a CVD method or the like.
- an i-type semiconductor layer 11d and an n-type semiconductor layer 11e are sequentially stacked on the first main surface S1 side of the n-type substrate 11a.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 11 is formed.
- the first transparent conductive film 12 is formed on the n-type semiconductor layer 11e by using a sputtering method or the like in an atmosphere containing no hydrogen such as an Ar, O 2 atmosphere.
- the atmosphere containing no hydrogen is an atmosphere in which hydrogen atoms are not actively supplied, and the hydrogen atom content in the transparent conductive film formed in the atmosphere containing no hydrogen is 1.0 ⁇ 10 20 to It is about 5.2 ⁇ 10 20 (atoms / cc).
- the second transparent conductive film 13 is formed on the p-type semiconductor layer 11c in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere using a sputtering method or the like. Specifically, the second transparent conductive film 13 is formed under a hydrogen atom supply such as an Ar, O 2 , H 2 O atmosphere or an Ar, O 2 , H 2 atmosphere. Thereby, the hydrogen atom content of the second transparent conductive film 13 is higher than the hydrogen atom content of the first transparent conductive film 12. Thus, the solar cell substrate 1 is formed.
- the step of forming the second transparent conductive film 13 is preferably performed after the step of forming the first transparent conductive film 12 is performed.
- an epoxy thermosetting silver paste is arranged in a predetermined pattern on the second main surface S2 of the solar cell substrate 1 using a printing method such as a screen printing method or an offset printing method.
- an epoxy thermosetting silver paste is arranged on the first main surface S1 of the solar cell substrate 1 in a predetermined pattern.
- the silver paste is heated under predetermined conditions to volatilize the solvent, and then further heated to be fully dried.
- the predetermined pattern refers to a shape corresponding to the thin wire electrode 2 extending along the first direction and the connection electrode 3 extending along the second direction.
- the first transparent conductive film 12 is formed on the n-type semiconductor layer 11e that forms the first main surface S1 of the photoelectric conversion unit 11 in an atmosphere that does not contain hydrogen.
- the second transparent conductive film 13 is formed on the p-type semiconductor layer 11c that forms the second main surface S2 of the photoelectric conversion unit 11.
- the hydrogen atom content rate of the 1st transparent conductive film 12 formed on 1st main surface S1 of the photoelectric conversion part 11 is 2nd transparent electroconductivity formed on 2nd main surface S2 of the photoelectric conversion part 11. It becomes lower than the hydrogen atom content of the film 13.
- the applicant of the present invention is on the p-type semiconductor layer 11c forming the second main surface S2 of the photoelectric conversion unit 11 or on the n-type semiconductor layer 11e forming the first main surface S1 of the photoelectric conversion unit 11.
- the transparent conductive film is formed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen
- the influence of hydrogen radicals on the surface of the p-type semiconductor layer 11c or the n-type semiconductor layer 11e was examined.
- the surface of the n-type semiconductor layer 11e is particularly easily deteriorated by hydrogen radicals.
- the first transparent conductive film 12 in an atmosphere not containing hydrogen on the n-type semiconductor layer 11e whose surface is likely to deteriorate in an atmosphere containing hydrogen, the surface of the n-type semiconductor layer 11e becomes hydrogen. Deterioration by radicals can be suppressed.
- the second transparent conductive film 13 is formed by positively introducing hydrogen atoms on the p-type semiconductor layer 11c that is less affected by hydrogen radicals in an atmosphere containing hydrogen than the n-type semiconductor layer 11e. By doing so, the translucency of the 2nd transparent conductive film 13 can be improved, and an electrical resistivity can be reduced. As mentioned above, in the solar cell 10 which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention, the fall of the surface characteristic of the photoelectric conversion part 11 can be suppressed.
- the second transparent conductive film 13 is formed on the p-type semiconductor layer 11c, so that the surface of the n-type semiconductor layer 11e is first transparent. Since it is protected by the conductive film 12, the influence of the surface of the n-type semiconductor layer 11e from hydrogen radicals can be further reduced when the second transparent conductive film 13 is formed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen.
- the solar cell substrate 1 includes a photoelectric conversion unit 11, a first transparent conductive film 12, and a second transparent conductive film 13.
- a photoelectric conversion unit 11 a first transparent conductive film 12
- a second transparent conductive film 13 a second transparent conductive film 13.
- the first transparent conductive film 12 includes a third transparent conductive film 12a and a fourth transparent conductive film 12b.
- the third transparent conductive film 12a is formed on the n-type semiconductor layer 11e that forms the first main surface S1 of the photoelectric conversion unit 11.
- the fourth transparent conductive film 12b is formed on the third transparent conductive film 12a.
- the third transparent conductive film 12a and the fourth transparent conductive film 12b have translucency and conductivity.
- metal oxides such as indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), or titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) are used. Can be used.
- metal oxides include tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), tungsten (W), antimony (Sb), titanium (Ti), cerium (Ce), zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al ),
- a dopant such as gallium (Ga) may be doped. The concentration of the dopant can be 0 to 20 wt%.
- the hydrogen atom content of the fourth transparent conductive film 12b is higher than the hydrogen atom content of the third transparent conductive film 12a. That is, the hydrogen atom content rate on the opposite side of the first transparent conductive film 12 to the n-type semiconductor layer 11 e is higher than the hydrogen atom content rate on the n-type semiconductor layer 11 e side of the first transparent conductive film 12.
- the hydrogen atom content of the third transparent conductive film 12 a is lower than the hydrogen atom content of the second transparent conductive film 13. That is, the hydrogen atom content rate on the n-type semiconductor layer 11 e side of the first transparent conductive film 12 is lower than the hydrogen atom content rate of the second transparent conductive film 13.
- a metal oxide formed in an atmosphere containing no hydrogen is used as the third transparent conductive film 12 a, and hydrogen atoms are used as the fourth transparent conductive film 12 b as in the second transparent conductive film 13.
- a metal oxide formed in a supply atmosphere can be used.
- the material constituting the second transparent conductive film 13, the material constituting the third transparent conductive film 12a, and the material constituting the fourth transparent conductive film 12b may be the same or different.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 11 is formed.
- a third transparent conductive material is formed on the n-type semiconductor layer 11e that forms the first main surface S1 of the photoelectric conversion unit 11 in an atmosphere that does not contain hydrogen, such as an Ar, O 2 atmosphere, using a sputtering method or the like.
- a film 12a is formed.
- the second transparent conductive film 13 is formed on the p-type semiconductor layer 11c in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere using a sputtering method or the like. Specifically, the second transparent conductive film 13 is formed under hydrogen atom supply such as Ar, O 2 , water vapor atmosphere, Ar, O 2 , hydrogen atmosphere or the like. Thereby, the hydrogen atom content rate of the 2nd transparent conductive film 13 is made higher than the hydrogen atom content rate in the 3rd transparent conductive film 12a.
- a fourth transparent conductive film 12b is formed on the third transparent conductive film 12a in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere using a sputtering method or the like.
- the fourth transparent conductive film 12b is formed under hydrogen atom supply such as Ar, O 2 , water vapor atmosphere, Ar, O 2 , hydrogen atmosphere or the like.
- the hydrogen atom content rate in the 4th transparent conductive film 12b is made higher than the hydrogen atom content rate in the 3rd transparent conductive film 12a.
- the first transparent conductive film 12 is formed.
- the solar cell substrate 1 is formed.
- the thin wire electrode 2 and the connection electrode 3 are formed as in the first embodiment described above.
- the solar cell 10 is produced.
- the first transparent conductive film 12 formed on the n-type semiconductor layer 11e includes a third transparent conductive film 12a and a fourth transparent conductive film 12b.
- the third transparent conductive film 12a is formed on the n-type semiconductor layer 11e in an atmosphere not containing hydrogen
- the fourth transparent conductive film 12b is formed on the third transparent conductive film 12a in an atmosphere containing hydrogen. .
- the hydrogen atom content on the n-type semiconductor layer 11e side of the first transparent conductive film 12 and the n-type semiconductor layer 11e of the first transparent conductive film 12 are reduced.
- the translucency of the first transparent conductive film 12 as a whole can be improved and the electrical resistivity can be reduced.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the thin-film solar cell 20.
- the solar cell 20 includes a light-transmitting substrate 21, a fifth transparent conductive film 22, a photoelectric conversion unit 23 that generates photogenerated carriers by receiving light, and a sixth transparent conductive film 24. And the back electrode layer 25.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 23 has a configuration in which a p-type semiconductor layer 23a, an i-type semiconductor layer 23b, and an n-type semiconductor layer 23c are sequentially stacked from the substrate 21 side.
- the fifth transparent conductive film 22 is formed on the substrate 21 in an atmosphere containing hydrogen and does not contain hydrogen.
- a sixth transparent conductive film 24 is formed on the n-type semiconductor layer 23c in the atmosphere.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 23a is formed after the fifth transparent conductive film 22 is formed, the surface of the p-type semiconductor layer 23a on the fifth transparent conductive film 22 side (corresponding to the “first surface S1” in the above embodiment) It is possible to suppress deterioration of the material.
- the configuration of the solar cell 20 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 4, and the fifth transparent conductive film 22, the photoelectric conversion unit 23, the sixth transparent conductive film 24, the back electrode layer 25, and the substrate 21 are stacked in this order. It may be a configured. Further, the configuration of the photoelectric conversion unit 23 is not limited to the configuration illustrated in FIG.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 23 c, the i-type semiconductor layer 23 b, and the p-type semiconductor layer 23 a are sequentially stacked from the substrate 21 side.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 23a and the n-type semiconductor layer 23c may be sequentially stacked from the substrate 21 side.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 23a, the i-type semiconductor layer 23b, and the n-type semiconductor layer 23c p-type, i-type, or n-type amorphous Si, amorphous SiC, amorphous SiGe, micro
- a semiconductor material such as crystalline Si can be used.
- the thin wire electrode 2 formed on the 2nd main surface S2 of the solar cell substrate 1 and for connection
- the thin wire electrode 2 may be formed so as to cover substantially the entire surface of either the first main surface S1 or the second main surface S2 of the solar cell substrate 1.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 11 includes the n-type substrate 11a, the i-type semiconductor layer 11b, the p-type semiconductor layer 11c, the i-type semiconductor layer 11d, and the n-type semiconductor layer 11e.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 11 may have only two layers, a p-type semiconductor layer 11c and an n-type semiconductor layer 11e.
- the 3rd transparent conductive film 12a and the 4th transparent conductive film 12b from which hydrogen atom content rate each differs as the 1st transparent conductive film 12, of the 1st transparent conductive film 12
- the hydrogen atom content rate on the opposite side of the n-type semiconductor layer 11e is higher than the hydrogen atom content rate on the n-type semiconductor layer 11e side of the first transparent conductive film 12, it is not limited thereto.
- the first transparent conductive film so that the hydrogen atom content in the first transparent conductive film 12 that is a single film increases from the n-type semiconductor layer 11e side to the opposite side of the n-type semiconductor layer 11e.
- the film 12 may be formed.
- Such a first transparent conductive film 12 has, for example, an atmosphere that does not contain hydrogen as a formation condition of the first transparent conductive film 12 in the first half of the formation process, and then gradually increases the supply amount of hydrogen atoms in the second half of the formation process. Then, it can form by making the formation conditions of the 1st transparent conductive film 12 into the atmosphere containing hydrogen.
- the solar cell according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
- the present invention is not limited to those shown in the following examples, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications within a range not changing the gist thereof.
- the test film A which is an In 2 O 3 film formed in an atmosphere containing no hydrogen, has a hydrogen atom content of about 1.0 ⁇ 10 20 to 5.2 ⁇ 10 20 (atoms / cc).
- the hydrogen atom content is 1.6 ⁇ 10 21 to 2.1 ⁇ 10 21 (atoms / cc).
- Example 1 A solar cell according to Example 1 was produced as follows. First, an n-type single crystal silicon substrate (n-type substrate 11a) having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m was anisotropically etched with an alkaline aqueous solution to form fine irregularities on the first main surface side and the second main surface side. Further, the first main surface and the second main surface of the n-type substrate 11a were washed to remove impurities.
- n-type substrate 11a n-type single crystal silicon substrate having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m was anisotropically etched with an alkaline aqueous solution to form fine irregularities on the first main surface side and the second main surface side. Further, the first main surface and the second main surface of the n-type substrate 11a were washed to remove impurities.
- an i-type amorphous silicon layer (i-type semiconductor layer 11b), a p-type amorphous material is formed on the second main surface side of the n-type single crystal silicon substrate (n-type substrate 11a) by using a plasma CVD method or the like.
- a quality silicon layer (p-type semiconductor layer 11c) was sequentially laminated.
- an i-type amorphous silicon layer (i-type semiconductor layer 11d), an n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer) are formed on the first main surface side of the n-type single crystal silicon substrate (n-type substrate 11a). 11e) were sequentially laminated.
- i-type amorphous silicon layer (i-type semiconductor layer 11b), p-type amorphous silicon layer (p-type semiconductor layer 11c), i-type amorphous silicon layer (i-type semiconductor layer 11d), and n-type amorphous
- the thickness of the quality silicon layer was 5 nm. Thereby, the photoelectric conversion part (photoelectric conversion part 11) was formed.
- an IHO film (second transparent conductive film 13) is formed on the p-type amorphous silicon layer (p-type semiconductor layer 11c) in an Ar, O 2 , water vapor atmosphere (atmosphere containing hydrogen) by sputtering. ) was formed.
- the IHO film (second transparent conductive film 13) is an In 2 O 3 film having a higher hydrogen atom content than an ITO film (first transparent conductive film 12) described later by being formed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen.
- the membrane is shown.
- the thickness of the IHO film (second transparent conductive film 13) was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature.
- an ITO film (first transparent conductive film 12) is formed on the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer 11e) in an Ar, O 2 atmosphere (atmosphere not containing hydrogen) by sputtering. Formed.
- the thickness of the ITO film (first transparent conductive film 12) was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature. That is, in Example 1, after forming the IHO film (second transparent conductive film 13) on the p-type amorphous silicon layer (p-type semiconductor layer 11c), the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor).
- An ITO film (first transparent conductive film 12) was formed on the layer 11e). Thus, a solar cell substrate (solar cell substrate 1) was formed.
- a paste composed of a conductive filler mainly composed of Ag and a thermosetting resin is applied on the second main surface of the solar cell substrate (solar cell substrate 1) and the first. While arrange
- Example 2 A solar cell according to Example 2 was produced as follows. First, the photoelectric conversion part (photoelectric conversion part 11) was formed like Example 1 mentioned above.
- an ITO film (first transparent conductive film 12) is formed on the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer 11e) in an Ar, O 2 atmosphere (atmosphere not containing hydrogen) by sputtering. Formed.
- the thickness of the ITO film (first transparent conductive film 12) was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature.
- an IHO film (second transparent conductive film 13) is formed on the p-type amorphous silicon layer (p-type semiconductor layer 11c) in an Ar, O 2 , water vapor atmosphere (atmosphere containing hydrogen) by sputtering. ) was formed.
- the thickness of the IHO film (second transparent conductive film 13) was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature. That is, in the second embodiment, contrary to the first embodiment described above, after forming the ITO film (first transparent conductive film 12) on the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer 11e), p An IHO film (second transparent conductive film 13) was formed on the type amorphous silicon layer (p-type semiconductor layer 11c). Thus, a solar cell substrate (solar cell substrate 1) was formed.
- Example 2 a thin wire electrode (thin wire electrode 2) and a connection electrode (connection electrode 3) were formed in the same manner as in Example 1 described above. Thus, the solar cell according to Example 2 was formed.
- Example 3 A solar cell according to Example 3 was produced as follows. First, the photoelectric conversion part (photoelectric conversion part 11) was formed like Example 1 mentioned above.
- an ITO film (third transparent conductive film 12a) is formed on the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer 11e) in an Ar, O 2 atmosphere (atmosphere not containing hydrogen) by sputtering. Formed.
- the thickness of the ITO film (third transparent conductive film 12a) was 500 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature.
- an IHO film (second transparent conductive film 13) is formed on the p-type amorphous silicon layer (p-type semiconductor layer 11c) in an Ar, O 2 , water vapor atmosphere (atmosphere containing hydrogen) by sputtering. ) was formed.
- the thickness of the IHO film (second transparent conductive film 13) was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature.
- an IHO film (fourth transparent conductive film 12b) was formed on the ITO film (third transparent conductive film 12a) in an Ar, O 2 , water vapor atmosphere (hydrogen-containing atmosphere) by sputtering.
- the IHO film (fourth transparent conductive film 12b) is an In 2 O 3 film having a higher hydrogen atom content than the ITO film (third transparent conductive film 12a) by being formed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen. Show.
- the thickness of the IHO film (fourth transparent conductive film 12b) was 500 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature.
- Example 3 a thin wire electrode (thin wire electrode 2) and a connection electrode (connection electrode 3) were formed in the same manner as in Example 2 described above. Thus, the solar cell according to Example 3 was formed.
- Example 4 the thickness of the ITO film (third transparent conductive film 12a) in Example 3 described above was 200 mm, and the thickness of the IHO film (fourth transparent conductive film 12b) was 800 mm. Except that the thicknesses of the ITO film (third transparent conductive film 12a) and the IHO film (fourth transparent conductive film 12b) are changed, the configuration of the solar cell according to Example 4 and the above-described Example 3 are concerned. The configuration of the solar cell is the same.
- Example 5 the thickness of the ITO film (third transparent conductive film 12a) in Example 3 described above was 150 mm, and the thickness of the IHO film (fourth transparent conductive film 12b) was 850 mm. Except that the thickness of the ITO film (third transparent conductive film 12a) and the IHO film (fourth transparent conductive film 12b) is changed, the configuration of the solar cell according to Example 5 and the above-described Example 3 are concerned. The configuration of the solar cell is the same.
- Example 6 the thickness of the ITO film (third transparent conductive film 12a) in Example 3 described above was 100 mm, and the thickness of the IHO film (fourth transparent conductive film 12b) was 900 mm. Except that the thickness of the ITO film (third transparent conductive film 12a) and the IHO film (fourth transparent conductive film 12b) is changed, the configuration of the solar cell according to Example 6 and the above-described Example 3 are concerned. The configuration of the solar cell is the same.
- Example 7 In Example 7, the thickness of the ITO film (third transparent conductive film 12a) in Example 3 described above was 75 mm, and the thickness of the IHO film (fourth transparent conductive film 12b) was 925 mm. Except that the thicknesses of the ITO film (third transparent conductive film 12a) and the IHO film (fourth transparent conductive film 12b) are changed, the configuration of the solar cell according to Example 7 and the above-described Example 3 are concerned. The configuration of the solar cell is the same.
- Example 8 In Example 8, as in Example 2 described above, an ITO film (first transparent conductive layer) is formed on the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer 11e) of the photoelectric conversion unit (photoelectric conversion unit 11). A membrane 12) was formed. The thickness of the ITO film (first transparent conductive film 12) was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature.
- an IHTO film (second transparent conductive film 13) is formed on the p-type amorphous silicon layer (p-type semiconductor layer 11c) in an Ar, O 2 , water vapor atmosphere (hydrogen-containing atmosphere) by using a sputtering method. ) was formed.
- the IHTO film (second transparent conductive film 13) is an ITO film having a high hydrogen atom content by being formed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen.
- the thickness of the IHTO film was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature. Thus, a solar cell substrate (solar cell substrate 1) was formed.
- Example 8 a thin wire electrode (thin wire electrode 2) and a connection electrode (connection electrode 3) were formed in the same manner as in Example 2 described above. Thus, the solar cell according to Example 8 was formed.
- Example 9 a photoelectric conversion unit (photoelectric conversion unit 11) was formed in the same manner as Example 2 described above.
- an IWO film (first transparent conductive film 12) is formed on the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer 11e) in an Ar, O 2 atmosphere (an atmosphere not containing hydrogen) by sputtering. Formed.
- the IWO film (first transparent conductive film 12) is an In 2 O 3 film doped with tungsten (W).
- the thickness of the IWO film (first transparent conductive film 12) was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature.
- an IHWO film (second transparent conductive film 13) is formed on the p-type amorphous silicon layer (p-type semiconductor layer 11c) in an Ar, O 2 , water vapor atmosphere (atmosphere containing hydrogen) by sputtering. ) was formed.
- the IHWO film (second transparent conductive film 13) refers to an IWO film having a high hydrogen atom content by being formed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen.
- the thickness of the IHWO film (second transparent conductive film 13) was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature. Thus, a solar cell substrate (solar cell substrate 1) was formed.
- Example 9 a thin wire electrode (thin wire electrode 2) and a connection electrode (connection electrode 3) were formed in the same manner as in Example 2 described above. Thus, the solar cell according to Example 9 was formed.
- Example 10 a photoelectric conversion unit (photoelectric conversion unit 11) was formed in the same manner as Example 2 described above.
- an ICO film (first transparent conductive film 12) is formed on the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer 11e) in an Ar, O 2 atmosphere (an atmosphere not containing hydrogen) by sputtering. Formed.
- the ICO film (first transparent conductive film 12) is an In 2 O 3 film doped with cerium (Ce).
- the thickness of the ICO film (first transparent conductive film 12) was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature.
- an IHCO film (second transparent conductive film 13) is formed on the p-type amorphous silicon layer (p-type semiconductor layer 11c) in an Ar, O 2 , water vapor atmosphere (atmosphere containing hydrogen) by sputtering. ) was formed.
- the IHCO film (second transparent conductive film 13) indicates an ICO film having a high hydrogen atom content by being formed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen.
- the thickness of the IHCO film (second transparent conductive film 13) was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature. Thus, a solar cell substrate (solar cell substrate 1) was formed.
- Example 10 a thin wire electrode (thin wire electrode 2) and a connection electrode (connection electrode 3) were formed in the same manner as in Example 2 described above. Thus, the solar cell according to Example 10 was formed.
- a solar cell according to a comparative example was produced as follows. First, the photoelectric conversion part (photoelectric conversion part 11) was formed like Example 1 mentioned above.
- a first IHO film was formed on the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer 11e) in an Ar, O 2 , water vapor atmosphere (an atmosphere containing hydrogen) by using a sputtering method.
- the thickness of the first IHO film was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature.
- a second IHO film was formed on the p-type amorphous silicon layer (p-type semiconductor layer 11c) in an Ar, O 2 , water vapor atmosphere (atmosphere containing hydrogen) by sputtering.
- the thickness of the second IHO film was 1000 mm, and the formation temperature was room temperature. Thereby, the solar cell substrate (solar cell substrate 1) was formed.
- the ITO film thickness ( ⁇ ) of the solar cell according to the comparative example is zero.
- the solar cells according to Examples 1 to 10 have a curve factor F.R. as compared to the solar cell according to the comparative example. F. It has been confirmed that the output value Pmax is improved due to the improvement of.
- the solar cell according to Example 2 has a curve factor F.I. compared to the solar cell according to Example 1. F. It was confirmed that the output value Pmax was further improved. This is because, in an atmosphere containing hydrogen, before forming the IHO film (second transparent conductive film 13) on the p-type amorphous silicon layer (p-type semiconductor layer 11c) in an atmosphere containing hydrogen, By forming an ITO film (first transparent conductive film 12) on the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer 11e), the surface of the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer 11e) becomes ITO.
- the film first transparent conductive film 12
- the fill factor F.V. is higher than that of the solar cell according to Example 2.
- an ITO film (first transparent conductive film 12 in Example 2, Example 3 to Example 7) formed on the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer 11e).
- the solar cell fill factor F.R. F When the thickness of the ITO film is 150 mm or more, the fill factor F. of the solar cell is increased. F. Indicates a substantially constant value. Therefore, it was confirmed that it is preferable to form an ITO film having a thickness of 150 mm or more on the n-type amorphous silicon layer (n-type semiconductor layer 11e).
- the present invention since it is possible to provide a solar cell and a method for manufacturing the solar cell that can suppress the deterioration of the surface characteristics of the photoelectric conversion portion, it is useful in the field of photovoltaic power generation.
Abstract
Description
〈太陽電池の概略構成〉
以下において、本発明の第1実施形態に係る太陽電池10の概略構成について、図1及び図2を参照しながら説明する。図1は、太陽電池10の第2主面S2側の平面図である。また、図2は、図1のA-A断面図である。
次に、本発明の第1実施形態に係る太陽電池基板1の構成の一例について、図2を参照しながら説明する。
次に、本発明の第1実施形態に係る太陽電池10の製造方法について説明する。まず、n型基板11aをエッチング加工することにより、第1主面S1側及び第2主面S2側に微細な凹凸を形成する。
本発明の第1実施形態に係る太陽電池10では、水素を含まない雰囲気中において、光電変換部11の第1主面S1を形成するn型半導体層11e上に第1透明導電膜12を形成し、水素を含む雰囲気中において、光電変換部11の第2主面S2を形成するp型半導体層11c上に第2透明導電膜13を形成する。これにより、光電変換部11の第1主面S1上に形成される第1透明導電膜12の水素原子含有率は、光電変換部11の第2主面S2上に形成される第2透明導電膜13の水素原子含有率よりも低くなる。
以下において、本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。尚、以下においては、上述した第1実施形態と第2実施形態との差異について主として説明する。具体的には、上述した第1実施形態では、第1透明導電膜12のn型半導体層11e側における水素原子含有率と、第1透明導電膜12のn型半導体層11eの反対側における水素原子含有率とは、略同等である。これに対し、第2実施形態では、第1透明導電膜12のn型半導体層11e側における水素原子含有率と、第1透明導電膜12のn型半導体層11eの反対側における水素原子含有率とが相違する。尚、本発明の第2実施形態に係る太陽電池10の概略構成は、第1実施形態に係る太陽電池10の概略構成とほぼ同様であるため、ここでは説明を省略する。
本発明の第2実施形態に係る太陽電池基板1の構成の一例について、図3を参照しながら説明する。
次に、本発明の第2実施形態に係る太陽電池10の製造方法について説明する。
本発明の第2実施形態に係る太陽電池10では、n型半導体層11e上に形成される第1透明導電膜12が、第3透明導電膜12aと、第4透明導電膜12bとを有する。第3透明導電膜12aは、水素を含まない雰囲気中においてn型半導体層11e上に形成され、第4透明導電膜12bは、水素を含む雰囲気中において第3透明導電膜12a上に形成される。
本発明は上記の実施形態によって記載したが、この開示の一部をなす論述及び図面はこの発明を限定するものであると理解すべきではない。この開示から当業者には様々な代替実施形態、実施例及び運用技術が明らかとなろう。
まず、水素を含まない雰囲気中において形成される透明導電膜の水素原子含有率と、水素を含む雰囲気中において形成される透明導電膜の水素原子含有率との比較を行った。具体的には、水素を含まない雰囲気中においてスパッタ法を用いて形成したIn2O3膜である試験膜Aと、水素を含む雰囲気中においてスパッタ法を用いて形成したIn2O3である試験膜Bとについて、SIMSにより水素原子含有率を測定した。各試験膜における水素原子含有率の測定結果を表1に示す。
次に、以下のようにして実施例1乃至実施例7、及び比較例に係る太陽電池を作製し、開放電圧Voc、短絡電流Isc、曲線因子F.F.、出力値Pmaxの各特性値の比較を行った。
以下のようにして、実施例1に係る太陽電池を作製した。まず、厚さ200μmのn型単結晶シリコン基板(n型基板11a)をアルカリ水溶液で異方性エッチング加工することにより、第1主面側及び第2主面側に微細な凹凸を形成した。また、n型基板11aの第1主面及び第2主面を洗浄して、不純物を除去した。
以下のようにして、実施例2に係る太陽電池を作製した。まず、上述した実施例1と同様にして、光電変換部(光電変換部11)を形成した。
以下のようにして、実施例3に係る太陽電池を作製した。まず、上述した実施例1と同様にして、光電変換部(光電変換部11)を形成した。
本実施例4においては、上述した実施例3におけるITO膜(第3透明導電膜12a)の厚さを200Åとし、IHO膜(第4透明導電膜12b)の厚さを800Åとした。ITO膜(第3透明導電膜12a)及びIHO膜(第4透明導電膜12b)の厚さを変更した点以外は、本実施例4に係る太陽電池の構成と、上述した実施例3に係る太陽電池の構成とは同様である。
本実施例5においては、上述した実施例3におけるITO膜(第3透明導電膜12a)の厚さを150Åとし、IHO膜(第4透明導電膜12b)の厚さを850Åとした。ITO膜(第3透明導電膜12a)及びIHO膜(第4透明導電膜12b)の厚さを変更した点以外は、本実施例5に係る太陽電池の構成と、上述した実施例3に係る太陽電池の構成とは同様である。
本実施例6においては、上述した実施例3におけるITO膜(第3透明導電膜12a)の厚さを100Åとし、IHO膜(第4透明導電膜12b)の厚さを900Åとした。ITO膜(第3透明導電膜12a)及びIHO膜(第4透明導電膜12b)の厚さを変更した点以外は、本実施例6に係る太陽電池の構成と、上述した実施例3に係る太陽電池の構成とは同様である。
本実施例7においては、上述した実施例3におけるITO膜(第3透明導電膜12a)の厚さを75Åとし、IHO膜(第4透明導電膜12b)の厚さを925Åとした。ITO膜(第3透明導電膜12a)及びIHO膜(第4透明導電膜12b)の厚さを変更した点以外は、本実施例7に係る太陽電池の構成と、上述した実施例3に係る太陽電池の構成とは同様である。
本実施例8においては、上述した実施例2と同様にして、光電変換部(光電変換部11)のn型非晶質シリコン層(n型半導体層11e)上にITO膜(第1透明導電膜12)を形成した。ITO膜(第1透明導電膜12)の厚さは1000Åとし、形成温度は室温とした。
本実施例9においては、上述した実施例2と同様にして、光電変換部(光電変換部11)を形成した。
本実施例10においては、上述した実施例2と同様にして、光電変換部(光電変換部11)を形成した。
以下のようにして、比較例に係る太陽電池を作製した。まず、上述した実施例1と同様にして、光電変換部(光電変換部11)を形成した。
上述した実施例1乃至実施例10、及び比較例に係る太陽電池について、開放電圧Voc、短絡電流Isc、曲線因子F.F.、出力値Pmaxの各特性値を測定した。測定結果を表2に示す。尚、表2においては、実施例1乃至実施例10に係る太陽電池の各特性値を、比較例に係る太陽電池の各特性値を100として規格化して表している。また、n型非晶質シリコン層(n型半導体層11e)上に形成されたITO膜の厚さと曲線因子F.F.との関係を、図5に示す。尚、図5においては、実施例2乃至実施例7に係る太陽電池の曲線因子F.F.を、比較例に係る太陽電池の曲線因子F.F.を100として規格化して表している。また、比較例に係る太陽電池においては、n型非晶質シリコン層(n型半導体層11e)上にはIHO層が形成されており、ITO膜は形成されていない。そのため、図5においては、比較例に係る太陽電池のITO膜厚(Å)をゼロとしている。
Claims (6)
- 受光により光生成キャリアを生成する光電変換部と、
前記光電変換部の第1主面上に形成される第1透明導電膜と、
前記第1主面の反対側に設けられる第2主面上に形成される第2透明導電膜と
を備え、
前記第1主面は、n型半導体層によって形成され、
前記第2主面は、p型半導体層によって形成されており、
前記第1透明導電膜の前記n型半導体層側における水素原子含有率は、前記第2透明導電膜の水素原子含有率よりも低い
ことを特徴とする太陽電池。 - 前記第1透明導電膜の前記n型半導体層の反対側における水素原子含有率は、前記第1透明導電膜の前記n型半導体層側における水素原子含有率よりも高い
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。 - 前記第1透明導電膜の前記n型半導体層側と、前記第1透明導電膜のうち前記n型半導体層の反対側とは、それぞれ異なる材料によって構成される
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の太陽電池。 - 前記光電変換部は単結晶シリコンを主体とし、
前記n型半導体層及び前記p型半導体層のそれぞれは、非晶質シリコン系半導体を主体とする
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。 - 受光により光生成キャリアを生成する光電変換部を備える太陽電池の製造方法であって、
水素を含まない雰囲気中において、前記光電変換部の第1主面上に第1透明導電膜を形成する工程Aと、
水素を含む雰囲気中において、前記第1主面の反対側に設けられる第2主面上に第2透明導電膜を形成する工程Bと
を備え、
前記第1主面は、n型半導体層によって形成され、
前記第2主面は、p型半導体層によって形成されており、
前記工程Bでは、
水素原子を供給しながら前記第2透明導電膜を形成する
ことを特徴とする太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記工程Aを行った後に、前記工程Bを行うことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の太陽電池の製造方法。
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EP2261995A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
EP2261995B1 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
KR20100132504A (ko) | 2010-12-17 |
JP5279814B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
CN101978508A (zh) | 2011-02-16 |
JPWO2009116580A1 (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
EP2261995A4 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
US20110056552A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
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