WO2009057727A1 - 非水電解質二次電池、電極及び炭素材料 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池、電極及び炭素材料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009057727A1 WO2009057727A1 PCT/JP2008/069827 JP2008069827W WO2009057727A1 WO 2009057727 A1 WO2009057727 A1 WO 2009057727A1 JP 2008069827 W JP2008069827 W JP 2008069827W WO 2009057727 A1 WO2009057727 A1 WO 2009057727A1
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- Prior art keywords
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- carbon material
- secondary battery
- carbonate
- carbon
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Classifications
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/11—Powder tap density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nonaqueous secondary battery, a carbon material, and a carbon material. Specifically, the present invention relates to non-aqueous secondary batteries such as sodium-ion secondary batteries, and to the use of such materials and carbon materials.
- an electrical energy storage device that has excellent characteristics even when charging is repeated. I'm asked for.
- Specific examples of such an electrical energy storage device include a non-hydrodynamic secondary battery such as a sodium ion secondary battery mainly composed of a separator and an aqueous solution (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open 3-1 55062).
- the object of the present invention is to provide a satisfactory non-water quality secondary pond with excellent 14 characteristics, in particular, an excellent sodium ion secondary pond with excellent 14 3 ⁇ 4 c3 ⁇ 4 characteristics, and a carbon material used therefor. is there.
- the present invention describes [1] to [13].
- [1] By a 3 ⁇ manufacturing method including a step of heating the chemical compound represented by the formula (1) or the chemical product of the chemical compound 1 under an inert gas atmosphere in the range of 200 ° C to 3000 ° C. A non-aqueous, early-grade secondary pond with an electrode containing the resulting carbon material,
- R represents a carbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which represents a basic group, and the carbon group includes a starch syrup, an alkyl group, an aralkoxyxinole group, an arleyl group, an aralkyloxy group, a sulphononiore group, a halogen Atom, nitro group, thioalkyl group, cyano group, carboxyl group, amino group or amido group may be bonded, R 'represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n represents 3, 5 or 7 To express. )
- Non-aqueous a ⁇ secondary battery is a sodium-ion secondary battery
- the carbon neo-material is less than lOOpp m (total [2] or [3] ® pond,
- the carbon material has a fineness of 0.5 to 0.8 g / cm 3 [2] to [5] [7]
- the electrolyte that constitutes the sodium ion secondary battery is at least selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethinoremethinole carbonate, isopropylinolemethyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and diethyl carbonate. [2] to [6] including a single ester-based bag, shear force
- a battery containing carbon material is a negative electrode [2]-[7]
- the positive electrode of Na is NaF eO 2 , NaN i O 2 , NaCo0 2 , NaMnO 2 , Na F e (However, M 1 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of trivalent ⁇ S, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 0 ⁇ 5.)
- M 1 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of trivalent ⁇ S, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 0 ⁇ 5.
- R represents a carbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which represents a basic group. Atom, nitro group, thioalkyl group, cyano group, carboxyl group, amino group or amido group may be bonded, R 'represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n represents 3, 5 or 7 To express. )
- R represents a carbon group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms: I 2 represents a basic group, and the carbon group represents a water group, an alkyl group, an analkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryl group, a sulphonini group, a halogenated group, N atom, nitro group, thioalkyl group, cyano group, carboxyl group, amino group or amido group may be bonded.
- R ′ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- n represents 3, 5, or 7.
- R represents a carbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which represents a basic group, and the carbon group includes a starch syrup, an alkyl group, an aralkoxyxinole group, an aryleno group, an aryloxy group, a snorephonino group, a halogen atom. Atom, nitro group, thioalkyl group, cyano group, carboxyl group, amino group or amido group may be bonded, R ′ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n represents 3, 5 or 7 To express. )
- the carbon material is the total amount of Al Power Li and Al Power Li ⁇ is 100 ppm or less (heavy: IS quasi) [14] or [15] Word Eft material,
- Formula (1) ⁇ ! Or use as a carbon material obtained by a process including a step of heating the fired fired product in the range of 1100 ° C. to 2700 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere, and
- R represents a carbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which represents a basic group, and the carbon group includes a starch syrup, an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a sulfonyl group, An atom, a nitro group, a thioalkyl group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, an amino group or an amide group may be bonded, R ′ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n represents 3, 5, or 7. )
- R represents a carbon atom having 1 to 2 carbon atoms: I 2 represents a basic group, and the carbonic group represents a starch syrup, an alkyl group, an aralkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryl group, a sulphononi / le group.
- Figure 1 shows an example of a carp.
- Figure 2 shows an example (schematic diagram) of a wound electric double layer.
- Fig. 3 shows an example (mm) of a type 2 electric machine.
- Fig. 4 shows an example (schematic diagram) of a saddle type electric ss that is different from Fig. 3.
- Figure 5 shows the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery of Example 1.
- Figure 6 shows the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery of Example 3.
- R represents a carbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which represents a basic group, and the carbon group includes a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an analkoxy group, an aryl / re group, an aryloxy group, a sulphononiole A group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a thioalkyl group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, an amino group or an amide group may be bonded.
- R examples include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a butyl group, a cycloalkyl group such as a cyclohexyl group, and an aromatic gland teK group such as a phenyl group or a naphthyl group. It is done.
- charcoal having a self-retaining group is an aromatic group in which an alkyl group such as a 2_tolyl group, a 3-tolyl group or a 4-tolyl group is bonded; for example, Examples of aromatic weaves with aquatic bonds such as 2-hydroxybenzyl group, 3-hydroxybenzyl group or 4-hydroxybenzyl group include elementary groups.
- the aromatic group to which the braided substituent may be bonded is preferably a basic group, and in particular, it may be bonded with a watering or alkyl group.
- Aromatic 'i tok group is preferred.
- R ′ in the formula (1) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and a hydrogen atom force S is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of production.
- n is 3, 5, or 7, but n is preferably 3 forces S from the viewpoint of ease of production.
- the awakening bonded to the benzene ring of the formula (1) together with R ′ is usually bonded to the ortho-para position of “CH (R)-”.
- Compound (1) has a thigh body, but it can be either a thigh body or a mixture of stereoisomers. If it is manufactured using a butterfly so as to follow ⁇ ⁇ I (1), usually a mixture of standing bodies can be obtained.
- R is exemplified by the group shown to Rikubo.
- the compound (1) is resorcinol which may have methyl as described in, for example, R Tinmennan et al., Tetrahedron ⁇ 52, (1996) p2663-2704 (hereinafter referred to as resorcinols). And Anohide.
- resornoresinols used in the production of the compound (1) include resorcinol, 2-methylresorcinol, 5-methylresorcinol, etc., and resonoresinol is preferred from the viewpoint of availability.
- anhydride used in the production of the compound (1) examples include, for example, anacetonohydride, n-butinoleaano, hydride, isobutinoreanohydride, n-hexylanohydride, n-dodecylanonohydride, 3-phenenolepropion.
- Anodic hydride or 5-hydroxypentananol such as benzano hydride, 1-naphtho hydride, 2-methyl benz ano hydride, 3 _methyl benz ano hydride, 4 _methyl benz ano /, hydride
- 2-Hydroxybenzano ⁇ 'Hyd, 3-Hydroxybenzano ⁇ hydride, 4-Hydroxybenzano ⁇ ' hydride, 4-T-Butylbenzanohydride, 4-Fuenylpenzanohydride, 2-Methoxybe Nsano-Hide, 3-Methoxybenzano-Hide, 4-Metoxybenzano-Hide, 2--Kuroguchi Benzua, Hid, 3_Kuroguchi Benzano-Hide, 4-Chrome Benzano!
- the amount of ano-hydride is usually: ⁇ 3 mono, preferably 1.2-2.5 moles apart.
- Examples of the butterfly used in the production of the compound (1) include, for example, koto, cocoon, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and acetic acid.
- the amount of the butterfly used is usually 0.0 1 to 3 mono ⁇ per mole of resorcinols.
- the water-based soot used for the production of the compound (1) is a mixture of water and organic wisteria that can be mixed in an arbitrary ratio.
- MX is water.
- the organic solvent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or i-propyl alcohol, and X-based alcohols such as tetrahydrofuran. In order to use these, they can be used as warworms or as a mixture of two or more.
- the alcohol X having 3 or less carbon atoms is preferably a mixture of water and an alcohol having 3 or less carbon atoms, and particularly, alcohol with 3 or less carbon atoms is preferred.
- the ratio of the amount of aqueous soot and resorcinol used is usually 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of resorcinol per 1 part by weight of aqueous soot. ⁇ 2 parts by weight.
- the compound (1) can be prepared by, for example, mixing resorcinols, anohydride, and water-based mixture at a time, usually at 0 to: I 00 ° C, preferably at 30 to 90 ° C. Stirring and precipitating ⁇ ⁇ I (1) to convert the compound (1); anohydride is usually added to the mixture of resorcinols and water «from 0 to 100 ° C, preferably Mix at 30 ⁇ 90 ° C to precipitate chemistry ⁇ ) (1) ⁇ !
- IJ method Mixing # 1 with resorcinol consisting of anoge, hydride and water-based soot, usually at 0-100 ° C, preferably 30-90 ° C
- the butterfly is usually mixed at 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 30 to 90 ° C., and then the chemical compound (1) is precipitated.
- the translated ⁇ ⁇ (1) is usually viewed by a method such as passing or hiding from 1 o ° c to i o o ° c.
- I'm done! (1) may be replaced after having been replaced with an organic organic solvent.
- 3 ⁇ 47 organic organic alcohols include, for example, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ⁇ -propyl alcohol, or t-butinoreal alcohol, alcohols such as acetoni trino, and bistrinos; Fatty female carboxes such as sulphates such as dimethyl sulfoxide.
- Carbon material A include, for example, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ⁇ -propyl alcohol, or t-butinoreal alcohol, alcohols such as acetoni trino, and bistrinos; Fatty female carboxes such as sulphates such as dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the carbon material A can be obtained by a manufacturing method including the step A1 in which the material (b) (1) or the compound is heated in an inert gas atmosphere in the range of 200 ° C to 3000 ° C.
- this process A 1 is referred to as carbonization process A 1.
- the carbonization step A 1 will be described.
- a gas inert to carbon for example, nitrogen, argon, etc.
- a range of 1100 ° C to 2700 ° C in the range, more preferably in the range of 1500 ° C to 2500 ° C, particularly preferably in the range of 1500 ° C to 2000 ° C, usually 1 minute to 24 hours
- Examples include a method of heating.
- ⁇ ! (1) may be used immediately for the carbonization step A1, but for example, the chemical conversion (1) may be performed by heating it under an oxidizing gas of 400 ° C or less before the carbonization step A1 (1 )
- the process of performing the sincerity hereinafter referred to as the pre-treatment process AO, followed by the carbonization process A 1 by switching the oxidizing gas to an inert gas atmosphere.
- Examples of the pretreatment step AO and the carbonization step A1 include a method of heating using equipment such as a rotary kiln, a roller hearth kiln, a pusher kiln, a multistage furnace, and a furnace.
- rotary giraffe can easily heat up a large amount of chemicals (1), and can obtain a powdery carbon material soot without any powdering.
- the heating process does not include TO.
- Carbon material A is different from active 14 ⁇ .
- Carbon material A has a packing density of 0.5 to 0.8 gZcm 3 , preferably 0.62 to 0.78 g / cm 3 , particularly preferably 0.65 to 0.75 gZcm 3 Is.
- the packing density is measured according to the manual filling method described in JIS K1474 5.7.1 Filling density of silicon material using a 5 ml graduated cylinder.
- the carbon material derived from the compound (1) gives the powdery carbon material A having the above packing density in a simple process without separation, as will be described later. It is preferable to prepare the carbon aged material A to have an average particle size of usually 50 ⁇ or less, preferably 30 m or less, particularly 10 ⁇ m or less.
- a pulverization step may be further performed in order to obtain a small size and a vertical diameter.
- Tsuruta as the carbon material, the packing density of the electrode can be improved and the resistance to internal fibers can be avoided.
- ⁇ particle size means the vertical diameter measured using a laser diffraction 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ distribution measuring device SALD2000 J trademark, manufactured by Shimadzu Corp. .
- the Bono ⁇ ⁇ container is made of non-made materials such as Anolemina and Agate.
- the total amount of alkali males and alkaline earth ⁇ S fl ⁇ content can be reduced to 100 ppm or less.
- the electrode containing the carbon material A is preferable because it is polarized by the S component and, as a result, the filling amount tends to increase.
- Carbon material B is a compound (1) or a fired product of the compound in an inert 14 gas atmosphere. 1 100 ° C to 2700 ° C, preferably 1500 ° C to 2500 ° C It can be obtained by a production method including the step B1 of heating at Hereinafter, process B 1 is referred to as carbonization process B 1.
- the carbonization process B 1 will be described.
- a gas inert to carbon for example, nitrogen, argon, etc.
- a range of 1 100 ° C to 2700 ° C preferably 1500 ° C to 250 0 ° C.
- 1500 ° C. to 2000 ° C. usually heating for 1 minute to 24 hours.
- It turns into the above ⁇ ! (1) may be used immediately in the charcoal process B1, but for example, by heating the compound (1) under an oxidizing gas of 400 ° C or less before the carbonization process,
- pretreatment step B 2 O The step of depositing the porcelain (hereinafter referred to as pretreatment step B 2 O), followed by the carbonization step by switching the oxidizing gas to an inert 14 gas atmosphere.
- the compound (1) is heated to 400 ° C or less, preferably 200 ° C in the presence of an oxidizing gas such as air, H 2 O, C0 2 , or O 2 , preferably in an air atmosphere. 1 ⁇ 24 hours ⁇ ] in the temperature range of ° C to 300 ° C.
- Pre-treatment B 0, ⁇ ⁇ I (1) ⁇ carbonized part ⁇ )
- a bulky product having a high molecular weight by S-crosslinking can be obtained.
- Examples of the pretreatment process B0 and the charcoal process B1 include heating using equipment such as a rotary kiln, a roller hearth kiln, a pusher quinolene, a multistage furnace, and a furnace.
- rotary giraffe can easily heat a large amount of the compound (1), and can obtain a powdery carbon material B even without producing a powder H.
- the heating process does not include 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 Carbon material B is different from active.
- the obtained carbon neo-material B usually has a filling degree of 0.5 to 0.8 cm 3 , preferably 0.62 to 0.78 gZcm 3 , and particularly preferably 0.65 to 0. 75 g / c
- the carbon material B is prepared to have an average particle size of usually 50 mm or less, preferably 30 mm or less, particularly 10 Hm or less.
- a pulverization step may be further performed in order to obtain a small size.
- the vertical diameter is measured by using a laser diffraction daughter distribution measuring device SALD 2 0 0 0 J (registered trademark, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) with a carbon material dispersed in a neutral water tank. It means the diameter.
- the bow /! ⁇ crushing container is made of non-alumina, agate, etc. to avoid mixing metal powder. .
- Electrode B If carbon neoprene B is not ground with ⁇ produced by the company, it can be reduced to less than the lump sum of l o O p p m for alkali and alkaline earth metals.
- the electrode including the carbon material B is preferably polarized because of the polarization, and as a result, the charge and the amount tend to increase.
- the carbon material A is suitable for an electrode of a non-hydrodynamic secondary battery, preferably a sodium ion secondary battery, and more preferably a negative electrode of a sodium ion secondary battery.
- Carbon material B is used for electrical energy storage devices such as dry batteries, redox capacitors, hybrid capacitors, electric double layer capacitors, etc., and non-aqueous secondary batteries such as sodium ion secondary batteries.
- it is suitable for an electrode of a sodium ion secondary battery from the viewpoint of charge / discharge amount and 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 rate.
- Examples of active materials used in redox capacitors include transition oxides such as noredenum, transition metal hydroxides, and conductive polymers.
- transition oxides such as ruthenium or metal hydroxides are used as active materials.
- 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ is described, for example, in JP-A-2002-35155. Examples include conditions.
- a soot dissolved in an organic system using an organic acid as a substance for example, the conditions described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-267860 can be cited.
- a conductive polymer as an active material, it is sufficient to use a material that dissolves in an organic solvent and dissociates strongly.
- L i BF 4 , L i PF 6 , L i C 10 4 lithium salt such as and the like.
- the concentration of precocious quality in the soothing fluid is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mo 1ZL because of parents who have good ionic conductivity.
- concentration of the soot is 0.5 mo 1 ZL or more, it is preferable because the amount of 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 m ⁇ tends to be improved.
- concentration is 1.5 mo 1 ZL or less, the viscosity power s of the soot is lowered and the ionic conductivity is decreased. It is preferred because it tends to improve.
- the organic polar wisteria exemplified in a sodium ion secondary battery, which will be described later, is preferably used as the liquid contained in the redox capacitor liquid.
- a mixture of two or more kinds of cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, and cyclic esteno can be used.
- cyclic carbonates include ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.
- chain carbonates include dimethyl carbonate, jetyl carbonate, and methylethyl carbonate.
- Examples include ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone. One of these can be used as a war worm or a mixture of two or more.
- the liquid must have a high dielectric constant to promote the quality of the horn, and it should be high to prevent the movement of force and ions. High originality is required. Therefore, in particular, carbonic acid esters are suitable as soot. For example, it is desirable to use ethylene carbonate or the like as a high dielectric constant and jetty carbonate or the like as an oligopoly.
- a hybrid capacitor is a device in which lithium ions are inserted between layers of carbon such as graphite at the negative electrode during charging, and 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ -quality anions are attracted to the electrode surface at the positive electrode to form electricity.
- the negative electrode is the same as the negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery, the positive electrode has the above-mentioned ridge, and a separator similar to a lump that is formed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. It fills up early liquid.
- the negative electrode is a power that has the word “S3 ⁇ 4” in the section (p. 25-) of “Next-generation lithium secondary battery (supervised by Hideo Tamura, publisher N. T.)”. S can be used.
- a combination of fine anion and lithium cation ⁇ is usually used, and in particular, at least one selected from the group consisting of BF 4 —, PF 6 —, and C 1 0 4 — 3 ⁇ 4 Threading of Lia Yuong and Lithium Thion is preferred.
- the organic compound contained in the hybrid solution of the hybrid capacitor usually, at least one selected from the group consisting of carbonates and lactones is used.
- cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, or butylene power-bonate
- chain carbonates such as dimethylol carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, or jetyl carbonate ⁇ X is exemplified by a solvent such as ⁇ -ptyrolactone.
- a solvent such as ⁇ -ptyrolactone.
- ethylene carbonate and one or more chain carbonates A mixture of ⁇ -petit mouth lactones or ⁇ -petit mouth lactones and one or more chain carbonates.
- the m3 ⁇ 4 containing the carbon material A is used as a non-aqueous secondary battery separation, preferably as a sodium ion secondary battery 3 ⁇ 4fe, more preferably as a negative electrode of a sodium ion secondary battery.
- the separation including the carbon material B can be used for healing of an electric energy storage device, preferably as a negative electrode of a sodium ion secondary battery, more preferably as a negative electrode of a sodium ion secondary battery.
- the sodium ion secondary battery will be described in detail.
- the sodium ion secondary basket usually contains the quality of the work after the negative group, the separator and the pole are stored in a container such as a pond. It can be made by impregnating with a liquid smoke.
- a carbon material derived from ⁇ ⁇ I (1), silicon material A or carbon material B), a binder, and, if necessary, a collector Then mix with a conductive agent.
- the carbon material derived from (1), silicon material A or carbon material B) and a mixed slurry in which ⁇ lj is added to a binder or the like is applied to a current collector by a doctor blade method or the like.
- Soaked and drenched male for example, upper fiber material derived from ⁇ ⁇ I (1) ⁇ material A or carbon material B) A carbon material (carbon material A or carbon material) derived from a male who presses and marries after the sheet is aged on the surface of the current collector via a conductive adhesive, for example, After forming the material, binder, and night lubricant, etc. on the current collector, the liquid lubricant is removed, and the resulting sheet-like play is stretched in a uniaxial or multiaxial direction.
- ⁇ be a sheet: ⁇ , and its jf ⁇ is usually 5 to 5 0 0 / ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4.
- nickel, aluminum, titanium, copper, gold, silver, platinum, aluminum alloy or stainless steel such as carbon material, 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 ⁇ t, nickel, aluminum, ffif port ,, Copper, tin, lead or alloys thereof formed by plasma spraying and arcing, such as rubber or styrene-ethylene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer (SEBS).
- SEBS styrene-ethylene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer
- a conductive film may be used.
- copper is preferable because it is difficult to make an alloy with thorium with lithium and is processed into a strong thin film.
- Examples of the shape of the current collector include a foil, a flat plate, a mesh, a net, a glass, a punch, an emboss, or a combination thereof (for example, a mesh flat plate). Can be mentioned. It is possible to form irregularities on the current collector surface by etching.
- binder examples include a fluorinated polymer.
- Fluorinated ⁇ For example, fluorinated alkyl ⁇ prime number 1 ⁇ : 1 8) (meth) acrylate, perfluoroalkyl (meth) acrylate [eg, perfluorododecyl (meth) acrylate, perfluoro nitro-octyl (Meta) Atalylate, Perful Roh n-Butyl (Meta) Atarire Ito], Perfluoro Alquino!
- Converted alkyl (meth) acrylate [eg perfluorohexyl cetyl (meth) acrylate, novoleoctyl echinore (meth) acrylate), no ,.
- Fluoroalkyl (meth) acrylate eg, perfluorododecyloxychetinole (meth) acrylate and perfluorodecyloxychetyl (meth) acrylate
- fluorine atoms having fluorine atoms bonded to di-isolated carbon having 1 to 20 fluorine atoms, tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, fluoride
- vinylidene or hexafluoropropylene examples include vinylidene or hexafluoropropylene.
- the binder include a monomer addition polymer containing an ethylenic double bond containing no fluorine atom. Examples of the monomer that can be produced include (cyclo) alkyl ⁇ prime number:!
- (meth) acrylate [eg, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-butynole (meta ) Atarylate, iso-butynole (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, isodecyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, octadecyl (meta) ) Acrylate, etc.]; Aromatic (meth) acrylate [eg, benzyl (meth) acrylate, phenenoreethinore (meth) acrylate, etc.]; Anoleylene glycolate or dialkylene glycol (alkylene group) Mono (meth) attalylate having 2 to 4 carbon atoms [for example, 2-hydroxyethyl (Meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropy
- Carboxylic acid (2 to 12 carbon atoms) (meth) aryl ester [e.g. alkenyl ester monomers such as mm (meth) aryl, propionic acid (meth) aryl and octanoic acid (meth) alino]; epoxy group-containing monomers of daricidyl (meth) atallylate, (meth) arylicylidyletheno V; Monoolefins having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-octene and 1-dodecene, etc .: «, bromine or iodine atom-containing monomers, vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride Halogen atom-containing monomers other than fluorine such as; (meth) acrylic acid such as acrylo and methacrylo; and binary monomers such as butadiene and isoprene.
- alkenyl ester monomers such as mm (meth) ary
- the force [] polymer for example, a copolymer such as ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene / butadiene copolymer or ethylene / propylene copolymer may be used.
- the carboxylic acid ester polymer may be partially or completely saponified, such as polyvinyl alcohol.
- the conjugate may be a copolymer with a fluorinated monomer and a monomer containing no fluorine atom and containing an ethylene-based dimer.
- binders include, for example, starch, methinololose, carboxymethino Hulrose, hydroxymethino! ⁇ Norellose, hydroxy ethino norellose, hydroxypropynolose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl / H-rulose, nitrosenoleose and other polysaccharides; phenol resins; melamine resins; polyurethane resins; urea resins: polyimide resins; polyamideimide resins; Oil pitch; coal pitch.
- a fluorinated polymer is particularly preferable, and polytetrafluoroethylene, which is a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene, is particularly preferable.
- double-binder binders may be shelved.
- the amount of the binder in the cocoon is usually about 0.5 to 30 parts by weight, preferably about 2 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carbon material derived from ⁇ (1). is there.
- binders examples include aprotic polar media such as N-methylpyrrolidone, isopropyl alcohol, ethenorealcono or methyl alcohol.
- aprotic polar media such as N-methylpyrrolidone, isopropyl alcohol, ethenorealcono or methyl alcohol.
- examples thereof include alcohols, ethers such as propylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone.
- a plasticizer may be used to facilitate application to the current collector.
- the conductive adhesive is a mixture of conductive »J and a composite, and in particular, the mixture of carbon black and polybulal alcohol does not require the use of organic catalysis and is easy to prepare. In addition, it is preferable because of excellent storage stability.
- the positive electrode of the sodium ion secondary pond has a mixture of a positive substance, a binder and, if necessary, transduction on the current collector! Can be expanded in the same manner as the negative electrode. As the binder and IJ, those similar to those used in the negative electrode can be used. In addition,
- Carbon material derived from (carbon material A or carbon material B) may be used.
- Chemical formulas such as O 2 (where M 1 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of trivalent metals, and 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.5) are mentioned.
- M 1 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of trivalent metals, and 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.5
- a compound containing mainly iron and sodium and having a hexagonal crystal structure can be used as a positive 1 substance to obtain a high level.
- a sodium ion secondary pond with high energy density can be obtained.
- the current collector for the positive electrode is the same as the current collector for the negative electrode.
- aluminum, nickel, or stainless steel is used, and aluminum is particularly suitable for processing into a thin film. Nium is preferred.
- it is a sodium ion secondary battery.
- Natrium ion rechargeable batteries are repeatedly filled with Natrium ions. This; ⁇ , the positive electrode is prepared in the same way as the self negative electrode.
- the separator used in the secondary fl? Pond such as a sodium-ion secondary battery, separates the positive electrode from the negative electrode, and is responsible for the movement.
- a thin film having a predetermined leakage 3 ⁇ 4S is used.
- separator for example, a material made of a material such as polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, a fluororesin, a nitrogen-containing aromatic polymer, or the like having a form such as a porous membrane, a non-woven fabric, or a woven fabric can be used. Further, two or more of the above materials may be used as a separator, or a braided material may be laminated.
- separator for example, seno is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 00 0-3 0 6 8 6 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-3 2 4 7 5 8. Can be mentioned.
- the pore diameter of the separator is usually from 0.01 to 10 / im3g.
- the thickness of the separator should be as thin as possible, as long as the thigh bow daughter strength S is maintained, because the energy density of the battery is increased and the internal knowledge is reduced, usually 1 to 3 0 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , Preferably 5 to 4 ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4.
- the separator may be a laminate of separators with different porosity.
- PJjh shut down
- a current when an abnormal current is generated in the pond due to defects between the positive and negative electrodes, PJjh (shut down) is preferred to have a current.
- Shut down means that the separator's Tsuruta hole is closed at a temperature as low as possible beyond normal use, and even if the battery temperature rises to a certain high temperature, the separator can be removed. It means that the separator's ⁇ !
- Examples of the powerful separator include a multilayer film formed by laminating a twisted layer containing metafat and a shutdown layer containing a thermoplastic resin, and a porous film, whereby a sodium ion secondary battery is obtained.
- a multilayer film formed by laminating a twisted layer containing metafat and a shutdown layer containing a thermoplastic resin and a porous film, whereby a sodium ion secondary battery is obtained.
- polyamides such as aromatic polyamides (para-oriented aromatic polyamides, meta-oriented aromatic polyamides), polyimides such as aromatic polyimides, polyamides such as aromatic polyamideimides, etc.
- Imide, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polycarbonate, polyacetal, polysulfone, polyphenylensulfide, polyetheretherketone, aromatic polyester, polyethersulfone, polyetherenoimide, poly-4-methylpentene-1, or cyclic olefin-based polymer Can be mentioned.
- para-oriented aromatic polyamide hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “paralamid j”) is preferable because it is easy to produce.
- ⁇ Tako ui depends on the amount of fat in ui, but is usually over 1600 ° C. Specifically, the metabolite is a nitrogen-containing aromatic thigh coalescence.
- the maximum temperature is 400 ° C, the maximum is 250 ° for poly 4-methylpentene, and the maximum is 300 ° for using cyclic olefin-based polymers. .
- Paralamides are obtained by condensation polymerization of nora-aligned aromatic diamine and para-aligned dicarboxylic dihalide, and the amide bond is in the para-position of the aromatic ring or an orientation corresponding to it (for example, 4, 4 ' —Consisting essentially of repeating units linked in opposite directions, such as biphenylene, 1,5-naphthalene, 2,6-naphthalene, etc.
- ⁇ aromatic polyimide produced by condensation polymerization of aromatic dihydrate and diamine is preferred.
- the dihydrate include pyromellitic acid dihydrate, 3, 3 ', 4, 4'-diphenylenosulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3, 3,, 4, 4, monobenzoate Phenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2, 2'-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenenole) hexafnoreo propane or 3, 3,, 4, 4'-biphenyl tetra force rubonic acid dianhydride It is done.
- diamine examples include oxydianiline, /, ° Laphenylene diamine, benzophenone diamine, 3, 3 '—methylene dianiline, 3, 3, monodiaminobensophenone, 3, 3' — Examples include diaminodiphenylsulfone or 1,5′-naphthalenediamine.
- a polyimide soluble in cocoon can be preferably used.
- An example of such a polyimide is a polycondensed polyimide of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-diphenylenolesnoletetracarboxylic dianhydride and an aromatic diamine.
- Tin's aromatic polyamide imides include, for example, those obtained from these condensation polymerizations using aromatic dicanolebon ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 aromatic diisocyanate, aromatic di ⁇ water and aromatic diisocyanate. And the like obtained by condensation polymerization.
- Specific examples of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid include isofano or terephthalano. Further, specific examples of hydrated water include trimellitic anhydride.
- Specific examples of aromatic diisocyanates include 4,4, 1-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2, 6-tolylene diisocyanate, onolesotrilanji Examples thereof include sulfonate and m-xylene diamine.
- the thickness of ⁇ ⁇ is 1 m or more ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ or less, further 1 ⁇ ⁇ or more and 5 ⁇ ⁇ or less, especially 1 xm or less. It is preferable to be Ui. Also, metaphorous? It has a rice field, and the size (diameter) of the hole is usually
- Metaphysics may contain one or more fillers.
- the filer may be chosen from the end of the rise, the end of » or a mix of these as the talent.
- the particles constituting the filler preferably have a vertical diameter of from 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- Fluorine-based resin; melamine resin; urea resin; polyolefin; The end of the word can be used for war insects, or a mixture of two or more.
- polytetrafluoroethylene powder is preferable from the viewpoint of stability.
- powders include oxides, recording nitrides, carbides, hydroxides, and carbon dioxide powders such as sulfur.
- the ingredient ⁇ ] include powder made of anolemina, silica, titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate.
- the powder may be used in war insects, or a mixture of two or more.
- alumina powder is preferred from the viewpoint of chemical stability.
- it is more preferable that all of the particles constituting the filler are alumina particles, and it is even more preferable that all of the particles constituting the filler are alumina particles, and part or all of them are substantially spherical alumina particles. It is embodiment which is.
- the amount of filler in ui depends on the specific gravity of the filler material.
- all of the particles that make up the filler are alumina particles: ⁇
- the weight of the filler is usually 20 parts by weight or more and 95 parts by weight or less, preferably 30 parts by weight or more and 90 parts by weight or less. These ranges can be appropriately determined by the specific gravity of the filler material.
- shape of the filler there are abbreviated shape, plate shape, holder, needle shape, whisker shape, and fine particle shape, and lazily misaligned particles can also be used.
- the shutdown layer contains a thermoplastic resin.
- the shut-down layer has a Tsuruta hole as in the case of the above-mentioned metabolized layer, and the size of the hole is usually 3 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 m or less.
- the porosity of the shutdown layer is usually 3 0-8 0 vol 0 I preferably 4 0-7 0 vol 0/0.
- the shutdown layer closes the Tsuruta hole by softening the thermoplastic resin that composes it.
- Fit self-thermoplastic resins include those that soften at 80 to: 80 ° C., and those that do not dissolve in the liquid in a sodium ion secondary battery may be selected.
- Specific examples include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and thermoplastic '14 polyurethane. You can use a mixture of two or more of these.
- Polyethylene is preferred in terms of softening and shutting down at a lower temperature.
- Specific examples of polyethylene include ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, ffi degree polyethylene, high density polyethylene, and linear polyethylene.
- the thermoplastic resin contains at least ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.
- the thermoplastic resin preferably contains a wax composed of polyolefin having a low molecular weight (M-average molecular weight of 10,000 or less).
- the thickness of the shutdown layer is usually 3 to 30 ⁇ , more preferably 3 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the separator is force laminated with the metabolized layer and the shutdown layer, and the thickness of the separator is usually 40 m or less, and preferably 20 ⁇ or less.
- the value of ⁇ is preferably 0.1 or more and 1 or less.
- the separator is preferably 50-300 seconds Zl 00 cc in 3 ⁇ 4g according to the Gurley method. It is even better to be 100 cc per second. Moreover, the emptying rate of the separator is usually 30 to 80, preferably 40 to 70%.
- Natoriumuion secondary battery ⁇ quality for example, N a C 1 O 4, N a PF 6, NaBF 4 ⁇ NaCF 3 SO 3, NaN (CF 3 S0 2) 2, N a N (C 2 F 5 Sodium salts such as S0 2 ) 2 and Na C (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 are used.
- the concentration of the protein may be determined appropriately in consideration of the solubility of the substance in the conversion solution, and is usually 0.2 to 5 mo 1 m) / L (A solution).
- concentration of the protein may be determined appropriately in consideration of the solubility of the substance in the conversion solution, and is usually 0.2 to 5 mo 1 m) / L (A solution).
- Organic pole M® is used as the cocoon used for whip that contains the quality.
- the amount of water in the work liquor containing the organic polarity is usually 200 ppm or less, preferably 50 ppm or less, and more preferably 20 ppm or less.
- organic electrode ⁇ examples include the following.
- Monoether (Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Ethylene glycol monoethylenole etherol, Diethyleneglycol methanol monomethyl etherenole, Diethylene glycol monoethylenol etherol, Ethylene glycol monophenyl etherol, Tetrahydrofuran, 3-methylol tetrahydrofuran, etc., Diether (ethylene glycol) Dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, jetyl ether, methyl isopropyl ether, etc.), triglycerin glycol dimethyl etherol, ethylene glycol normonomethylol etherate, cyclic Ether [ ⁇ prime number 2-4 (tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetra Hydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, 2-methynole 1,3-diox
- Honoleamides N-methylformamide, N, N-dimethinolehonolemide, N-ethinoreformamide, N, N-jetylformamide, etc.
- acetateamides N-methylacetamide, N, N-dimethylamide
- propionamides N, N-dimethylpropionamide, etc.
- hexamethyl phosphorylamide etc.
- Oxazolidinones N-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, 3,5_dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, 1,3_dimethinole-2-imidazolidinone, N-methi / repyrrolidone, etc.
- ⁇ -Butyrolactone 3-Methylolone ⁇ -Butyrolactone, 2-Methylolone ⁇ _Butyrolacton, ⁇ -Acetinoleol ⁇ -Ptylolactone, j3-Butyrolactone, ⁇ -Noclerolactone, 3—Metinore_ ⁇ -Valerolactone, ⁇ — Such as valerolactone.
- N-methinore-2-oxazolidinone 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, 1,3-dimethinore 2_imidazolidinone, N-methinorepyrrolidinone, etc.
- Aromatics ⁇ J such as tololene, xylene, ethenorefnobenzene, fluorbenzene in which 1 to 6 hydrogen atoms of benzene are substituted with fluorine atoms), paraffins (nonormal paraffin, isoparaffin, etc.), etc. .
- Imidazolation ⁇ tris (trimethinoresylinole) phosphate, tris (triethylsilyl) phosphate, trimethylsilyldimethylphosphate, Phosphatization of trimethylsilyldiallyl phosphate, 4-trimethylsilyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 4-trimethylsilyl-1-5-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-trimethylsilylmethino Cyclic carbonate compounds such as 1,3-dioxolan-2-one, phenyl such as phenyltrimethylsilane, phenyltriethylsilane, phenyltrimethyoxysilane, phenylthiotrimethinolesilane, phenylthiotrieti / resilan, etc.
- phenyl such as phenyltrimethylsilane, phenyltriethylsilane, pheny
- Methyl 1-N-trimethylolyl carbamate Methyl 1-N, N-Bistrimethylsilyl carbamate, Ethinole 1-N-trimethylolyl carbamate, Methyl 1-N-trimethylsilyl carbamate, Vinyl 1-N-trimethylsilyl carbamate, etc.
- Carbamate compounds such as methylol trimethylsilyl carbonate, vinyltritrimethylolyl carbonate. Carbonation of ethyl trimethylsilyl carbonate, etc.
- ester-based ⁇ S such as carbonate and lactones as i ⁇ , particularly propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate
- ester-based fierceness which comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of ethino-retinoic carbonate, isopropylmethyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and jetino carbonate.
- minute means that 50% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or more, of the ester-based soot occupies.
- the liquid can be accompanied by various plays as required.
- phosphate esters trimethinole phosphate, triethyl phosphate, triallyl phosphate, etc.
- phosphones etc.
- the amount of phosphate ester added is usually 10% or more T3 ⁇ 4 of the quality of the electrolyte due to the electrical conductivity of the matrix and the solubility in the liquid cat U.
- the amount of the filler added is about 0.:! To 5% by weight in the liquid smoke.
- Benzo candy a type of organic electrode 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ [for example, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, benzoic acid alkyl esters such as propyl benzoate, benzoic acid, etc.] is used as a supplement to prevent elution from current collectors. May be used. .
- the use of benzoic noodles as additive usually from 0.001 to 10 0 weight 0/0 approximately 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 ⁇ , preferably 0.005 to 5% by weight, preferably in particular, 0. 1: I% by weight.
- Solid organic matter may be used in place of the organic polar reed.
- the solid substance is a resin in which the above-mentioned electrolyte is dispersed, and the organic electrode that precedes it may be further dispersed.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-303567 and the related cited document, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-68780 and the related cited document, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-257240, and the like can be cited as examples.
- Examples of the shape of the secondary pond include a coin type, a wound type, and a laminated type.
- the wound type product is prepared by applying a mixed slurry containing ttrt self-M carbon material to the current collector (22), drying it, and collecting the current collector (22) and separation (23). Adjust the sheet The two sheets are rolled through a separator (2 4), and are housed in a cylindrical container (2 1) with a mouth plate (2 5) in a cylindrical aluminum, stainless steel, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the current collector is previously provided with a lead, and electricity is charged with the lead (2 6) of one laminated sheet as the positive electrode and the lead (2 6) of the other laminated sheet as the negative electrode.
- the vertical type is composed of the current collectors (3 2) and (3 3) laminated sheets and separators (3 4), and then a metal container such as aluminum or stainless steel ( 3 1) Filled with liquid electrolyte, and the current collector is alternately connected to the lead (3 5) and sealed; as shown in Fig. 4, the current collector (4 2) and electrode (4 3) The laminated sheet and the separator (44) are alternately pressed, the outer layer is sealed with a rubber material, filled with the loading solution, and then sealed. Also.
- a bipolar structure including a gasket (4 6) as appropriate, a structure that can be arbitrarily set for use may be used.
- the bellows type is a method in which two sheets of m® and current collectors are prepared in the same manner as the second type after being folded into a two- dimensional shape via a separator.
- the positive and negative forces can be entered as appropriate.
- a negative package you can use a hard case made of g that also serves as the positive electrode terminal, or a bag-like package made of laminated sheets containing aluminum.
- Non-hydraulic secondary batteries such as sodium-ion secondary batteries are usually charged with a charge rate of 0.:! ⁇ 20 hours, preferably 0.5 ⁇ 5 hours. Applying at a charging rate of 20 hours or less is preferred because it tends to be time-consuming, and charging at a charging rate of 0.1 hour or more is preferred because the amount tends to improve.
- sodium ion secondary batteries are preferred because they tend to suppress the charging capacity reduction force S even after repeated rapid charge and discharge at a charge rate of 5 hours or more.
- the time charge rate is the value (h) divided by the constant current value (mA) when charging the 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 ⁇ amount (mA. H) required for 100% charge. It can be charged with.
- Example 1 Heating at 100 ° C (with pretreatment process)
- the PCRA was heated in an atmosphere in a rotary kiln and heated at 300 ° C for 1 hour (pre-treatment step above), then the rotary kiln was replaced with an argon atmosphere and heated at 1000 ° C under normal pressure for 4 hours. . Subsequently, it was pulverized with a ball mill (agate ball, 28 rpm, 5 minutes) to obtain a powdery carbon material. Since this powdery carbon material is not removed with ⁇ B, ⁇ S including ions is less than 100ppm. The resulting carbon material had a packing density of 0.71 gZcm 3 and a BET surface area of 49 On ⁇ Zg.
- the BET surface area was measured from a value calculated from a nitrogen adsorption isotherm with liquid nitrogen using AUTOSORB manufactured by UASAIONIS.
- a sodium secondary battery was prepared as follows.
- the constant current charging was repeated under the following conditions. Charging (Na dough to the element was constant current charging at 0.1 mA / cm 2 up to 0 ⁇ 01 V.
- Fig. 5 shows the amount of release (mA ⁇ hg) and the horizontal axis the number of repetitions (number of recycling) of 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 ⁇ .
- the amount of the 10th cycle is about 98%.
- the amount was almost the same, and the filling rate was good.
- the average potential at the time was 0.37 V.
- a sodium ion secondary battery was prepared as follows.
- MC 1 sodium ion secondary batteries
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Example 1 After a PCRA diary, the same procedure as that of Example 1 pretreatment step, while argon under vacuum (10- 2 P a), similarly to the powdered form of the Example 1 except that heating for 1 hour at 2000 ° C Carbon material was manufactured.
- the degree of filling of the obtained carbon material was 0.50 gZcm 3 , and the BET table was 1 m 2 , g.
- the percentage of 3 ⁇ 4m of each round when repeating 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 is shown as the ratio of the first round, and the horizontal axis indicates the number of repetitions of ⁇ (number of recycling).
- the 3 ⁇ 4m amount at the 7th cycle was about 99% of the 3 ⁇ 4m amount at the 1st cycle, indicating good 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4m characteristics.
- the charge and the amount almost coincided, and the 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 rate was good.
- the potential at 3 ⁇ 4m is relatively flat and the average potential is low (average average potential of 3 ⁇ 4 »temple is high, and TB3 is high. It was the next battery.
- Example 5 carbon material paste 3): 1500 ° C heating (with pretreatment process) In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pretreatment step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, followed by heating at 1500 ° C. for 1 hour, a powdered carbon carbon material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the BET table for the carbon material obtained was 16 m 2 / g. (1) m (positive electrode) thigh
- Example 5 Using the obtained powdered carbon material, a circular positive electrode (EA 5) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 as follows.
- Example 6 When was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, the initial dose was 300 mA / g. Further, the amount of the 10th cycle is about 98% with respect to the amount of the 5th cycle, indicating a good 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 characteristic (4 was also shown. The amount of charge is good, and the potential at the thigh is relatively flat, and the average potential force S is low (the average potential of 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 ⁇ # is 0. 26V), ⁇ 5 was a preferred sodium ion secondary pond with high ⁇ content and potential flatness, and 1 ⁇ ⁇ N a C 1 (propylene carbonate) comfort. Instead of the liquid, 0.5 M Na C 1 (Equivalent mixing of ethylene carbonate and dimethylolene carbonate is used to obtain the same effect as TB5). I was able to.
- Example 6 Example 6
- Example 7 (Making of carbon material 4): Heating at 1800 ° C (with pretreatment process)
- a powdery carbon material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that after PCRA, a pretreatment step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and 1 B temple was heated at 1800 ° C.
- the obtained carbon material had a BET surface area of 5 m 2 / g.
- the initial dose was 300 mA / g.
- the amount of 3 ⁇ 4fl ⁇ at the 10th cycle was about 99% of the amount at the 5th cycle, indicating good charge / discharge characteristics.
- the amount and ⁇ amount were almost the same, and the rate was good.
- the potential at 3 ⁇ 4 m is relatively flat, the average potential is low, and the average potential is low when the average potential is 0.24 V), and TB 7 has a high 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 m ⁇ amount and potential flatness. It was the next battery. Also on ⁇ B 7!
- Example 8 Instead of using 1 M NaC10 (propylene carbonate) 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ solution, 0.5 M NaC1 (equal mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethylolate carbonate) is used. However, the same power factor effect as TB 7 was obtained. Further, as ® ⁇ liquid, 0.1] ⁇ 38? 4 (propylene carbonate) and, even cowpea to using NaPF of 0. 1M (propylene carbonate), to obtain the effect similar charge rate and TB 7 I was able to.
- Example 8
- Example 9 Carbon material paste 5): 2800. . Heating (with pretreatment process)
- a powdery carbon material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that after PCRA, a pretreatment step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, followed by heating at 2800 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the BET table of the obtained carbon material was 7 m 2 / g.
- a polypropylene porous membrane was used as a separator, sodium was used as a negative electrode, and these were combined to produce a sodium ion secondary battery TB9.
- the battery was assembled in a groove box in an argon atmosphere.
- the initial 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 amount was 84 m AZ g.
- the 3 ⁇ 4m amount at the 10th cycle was about 99% with respect to the 3 ⁇ 4m3 ⁇ 4 amount at the 5th cycle, which was good.
- the amount of m and the amount of 3 ⁇ 4m ⁇ were almost the same, and the 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 rate was good.
- the average potential at 3 ⁇ 4 m was 0.32 V.
- Example 1 (Production of carbon material 3 ⁇ 4J 6): 1000 ° C heating (no pretreatment process)
- Powdered carbon neoprene was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PCRA was not used and the pretreatment step was not performed.
- the obtained carbon material had a BET surface area of 673 m 2 Zg. (l) mm OEm
- the obtained powdered carbon material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and a circular positive electrode (EA).
- Example 12 When filling was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, the initial dose was 124 mA / g. In addition, the amount of the third layer of the 10th cycle was about 99% of the amount of the 5th cycle, indicating a satisfactory filling characteristic. In addition, as a result of measuring the filling curve at the 10th cycle, the amount of charge and the amount of 3 ⁇ 4 m ⁇ were almost the same, and the charge rate was good. The average potential at the thigh was 0.5 IV. In TB I 1, 0.5M NaClO ⁇ (equal mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate ⁇ ) was used instead of 1M NaC10 (propylene carbonate). Therefore, the same 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 rate effect as TB I 1 could be obtained.
- Example 12 Example 12
- a powdery carbon material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was heated at 1500 ° C. for 1 hour without passing through the pretreatment step.
- the obtained carbon material had a BET surface area of 613 mZg.
- the obtained powdered carbon material was used in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a circular positive electrode (EA 13) as follows.
- Example 14 When ⁇ was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, the initial ⁇ amount was 325 mA / g. The amount at the 10th cycle was about 99% of the amount at the 5th cycle, indicating good charge / discharge characteristics. Further, as a result of measuring the filling curve at the 10th cycle, the amount of desorption and the amount of ⁇ were almost the same, and the rate of ⁇ was good. In addition, the potential at 3 ⁇ 4m is relatively flat, the force and the average potential are low. (The average potential of B Temple is 0.26V), and TBI 3 has a high level of charge and potential flatness. It was Nazion secondary Tsugaike. In TB I 3, 0.5 M Na C 10 (equal mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate) can be used instead of 1 M Na C 10 (propylene carbonate). It was possible to obtain the same filling rate effect as I 3.
- Example 14 0.5 M Na C 10 (equal mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate) can be used instead of 1 M Na
- Example 15 Production of silicon material 8): 1800 ° C (No pretreatment process)
- a powdery carbon material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was heated at 1800 ° C for 1 hour without passing through the pretreatment step.
- the obtained carbon material has a BET surface area of 74m.
- the initial dose was 291 mA / g.
- the amount of the third cycle at the 10th cycle was about 97% with respect to the third cycle at the 5th cycle, indicating a satisfactory charging characteristic.
- the charge / discharge curve at the 10th cycle is a result of measuring the charge / discharge curve at the 10th cycle.
- Example 16 The amount was almost the same as the 3 ⁇ 4m ⁇ amount, and the rate was good.
- the potential at work is relatively flat, the force, the average potential is low, and the average potential when the potential is low is 0.24V), TBI 5 is high, charge and potential flatness are preferred. Les, the Natrium ion secondary Tsugaike.
- TB 15 was replaced with 0.5 M NaC 10 (an equivalent mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethylolene carbonate) instead of 1 M Na C 10 (propylene carbonate). In addition, it was possible to obtain the same filling rate effect as that of TB15.
- Example 16 Example 16
- Example 17 Carbon material paste 9) : Heated at 2000 ° C (no pretreatment step) A powdery carbon material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was heated at 2000 ° C for 1 hour without passing through the pretreatment step. The obtained carbon material had a BET surface area of lm 2 Z. (1) m (positive electrode)
- a circular positive electrode (EA 17) was obtained as follows in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the initial ⁇ amount was 300 mA / g.
- the 3 ⁇ 4C ⁇ amount at the 10th cycle was about 98% with respect to the 3 ⁇ 4C3 ⁇ 4 amount at the 5th cycle, indicating a satisfactory charge / discharge characteristics.
- the filling amount and the ⁇ amount almost coincided, and the filling rate was good.
- the potential of Tsuji-ji is relatively flat and the average potential is low (average potential at 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 is 0.17V)
- TB I 7 has high level, 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 ⁇ amount and potential flatness.
- the preferred sodium ion secondary pond is relatively flat and the average potential is low (average potential at 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 is 0.17V)
- the electrode was prepared in the same manner as the positive electrode in Example 2, and this was used as the negative electrode (EA1 8).
- Example 1 9 (Propylene carbonate) was used, and other than that, sodium ion secondary Konoike TB 18 was added in the same manner as in Example 2. When the sodium ion secondary battery TB 18 obtained was charged and charged, a good charge rate was obtained.
- Example 1 9
- REA1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a conventional carbon material (natural graphite) was used instead of the carbon material EA 1 used in Example 1 above, and this REA1 was used as in Example 1.
- the sodium ion secondary Tsugaike RTB 1 was done. As a result of carrying out ⁇ similar to Example 1 for the obtained RTB 1, almost no 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ amount was obtained at the 10th cycle. 3 ⁇ 4 Production of porous film ⁇
- alumina powder (a) 2 g (Nippon Aerosil Machine, Alumina C, vertical diameter 0.02 ⁇ m) and anolemina powder (b) 2 g (Sumitomo Random, AA03, flat particle size 0.3 ⁇ ), add 4 g in total as a filler, mix 3 times with nanomizer, filter with 1000 mesh, defoam under ⁇ ffi To make slurry coating liquid (B) Built.
- the weight of alumina powder (filler) over the total weight of nolaramide and alumina powder is 67% by weight.
- a polyethylene porous membrane (m 12 ⁇ m, l 40 seconds)
- the polyethylene porous membrane is fixed on a 10 O / xm thick PET film, and the slurry coating liquid (B) is applied onto the porous membrane by a tester industry ⁇ ; company-made bar coater. did. While the coated porous membrane on the PET film is integrated, it is immersed in water, which is « ⁇ , to deposit a paralamid porous membrane (metabolism? A laminated porous film 1 in which a multi layer and a shutdown layer were laminated was obtained. • Thickness of porous film 1 was 16 ⁇ m, and pararamide porous membrane (The ff ⁇ of Lattice® L® was 4 / xm.
- Air permeability of porous film 1 was 180 seconds Z100 cc
- the porosity of the laminated porous film 1 was observed by ⁇ ⁇ electron microscopy (SEM), and 0.03 ⁇ ! ⁇ 0.06 / ⁇ mg ⁇ It has been found that it has a relatively small fistula pore and a relatively large Tsuruta hole of 0.1 ⁇ ! ⁇ 1 ⁇ m3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4.
- a sodium ion secondary battery using a porous film can further increase heat.
- the porous film was evaluated by the following method. F) 3 ⁇ 4 of laminated porous film
- 3 ⁇ 4S porous film thickness and shirt down layer thickness were measured in accordance with JIS standard (K7130-1992).
- the thickness of the multi-layer L1 a value obtained by subtracting the thickness of the shutdown layer from the thickness of the porous film 1 was used.
- 3 ⁇ 4 S of the laminated porous film was measured with a digital timer type Gurley type densometer manufactured by Seisaku Yasuda Co., Ltd. based on JISP 8117.
- a sample of the obtained laminated porous film was cut into a square having a length of 10 cm and a weight W (g) and a thickness D (cm) were measured. Find the weight (Wi) of each layer in the sample, find the specific gravity (g / cm 3 ) and force of the material of Wi and the material of each layer, find the habit of each layer, Rate am%).
- Porosity congregation 0/0) 100 X ⁇ 1 _ (w 1 / ifS.1 + w 2 / i m.2 + ⁇ ⁇ + WnZ true specific gravity n) / (10X10 XD) ⁇ INDUSTRIAL available
- a non-aqueous secondary battery with excellent charging and characteristics particularly a sodium ion secondary battery with excellent charging characteristics, and a carbon material used therefor are provided.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP08845516A EP2214235A4 (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-24 | SECONDARY BATTERY WITH A WATER FREE ELECTROLYTE, ELECTRODE AND CARBON MATERIAL |
US12/739,888 US20100248041A1 (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-24 | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, electrode and carbonaceous material |
CN2008801227513A CN101911349A (zh) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-24 | 非水电解质二次电池、电极和碳材料 |
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JP2007281358 | 2007-10-30 | ||
JP2007-281358 | 2007-10-30 | ||
JP2008108771A JP2009132593A (ja) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-04-18 | 炭素材料及び該炭素材料を有する電極 |
JP2008108770A JP5347314B2 (ja) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-04-18 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2008-108771 | 2008-04-18 | ||
JP2008-108770 | 2008-04-18 |
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PCT/JP2008/069827 WO2009057727A1 (ja) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-24 | 非水電解質二次電池、電極及び炭素材料 |
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US (1) | US20100248041A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2214235A4 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5347314B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20100088688A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101911349A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200937708A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009057727A1 (ja) |
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WO2010110465A1 (ja) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-30 | 住友化学株式会社 | ナトリウムイオン電池 |
WO2012077781A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-06-14 | 日本電気株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池、ならびにそれに用いる正極および負極 |
US9312534B2 (en) | 2010-12-09 | 2016-04-12 | Nec Corporation | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution secondary battery, and positive electrode and negative electrode used in the same |
CN103299460A (zh) * | 2011-01-12 | 2013-09-11 | 住友化学株式会社 | 钠二次电池用碳材料的制造方法 |
WO2014073381A1 (ja) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-15 | 住友化学株式会社 | ナトリウム二次電池 |
JPWO2014073381A1 (ja) * | 2012-11-08 | 2016-09-08 | 住友化学株式会社 | ナトリウム二次電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101911349A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
KR20100088688A (ko) | 2010-08-10 |
US20100248041A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
JP2009132593A (ja) | 2009-06-18 |
JP2009135074A (ja) | 2009-06-18 |
EP2214235A4 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
EP2214235A1 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
JP5347314B2 (ja) | 2013-11-20 |
TW200937708A (en) | 2009-09-01 |
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