WO2008028343A1 - Procédé de conversion catalytique d'hydrocarbures - Google Patents

Procédé de conversion catalytique d'hydrocarbures Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008028343A1
WO2008028343A1 PCT/CN2006/002560 CN2006002560W WO2008028343A1 WO 2008028343 A1 WO2008028343 A1 WO 2008028343A1 CN 2006002560 W CN2006002560 W CN 2006002560W WO 2008028343 A1 WO2008028343 A1 WO 2008028343A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
zeolite
hydrocarbon
catalyst
reactor
process according
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2006/002560
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Chaogang Xie
Genquan Zhu
Yihua Yang
Yibin Luo
Jun Long
Xingtian Shu
Jiushun Zhang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Original Assignee
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing , China Petroleum and Chemical Corp filed Critical Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
Priority to EP06791147.9A priority Critical patent/EP2072604B1/en
Priority to KR1020097006548A priority patent/KR101359593B1/ko
Priority to BRPI0621983A priority patent/BRPI0621983B1/pt
Priority to US12/439,309 priority patent/US8900445B2/en
Priority to JP2009525893A priority patent/JP5221540B2/ja
Priority to CA2662082A priority patent/CA2662082C/en
Publication of WO2008028343A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008028343A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/20C2-C4 olefins

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons, and more particularly to a process for the more selective production of lower olefins by catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons.
  • Low-carbon olefins represented by ethylene and propylene are the most basic chemical raw materials. Natural gas and light-shield petroleum hydrocarbons are used at home and abroad to produce low-carbon olefins by steam cracking in ethylene unit.
  • the second largest source of light olefins is the catalytic cracking (FCC) unit of a refinery.
  • FCC catalytic cracking
  • Conventional catalytic cracking processes produce by-products of low-carbon olefins while producing gasoline and light diesel oil, but the yield is only less than 15% of the feedstock oil.
  • Refineries typically use specially formulated catalytic cracking catalysts and/or auxiliaries to increase propylene yield.
  • US Pat. No. 5,670,037 discloses a process for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons for the production of low-carbon olefins.
  • the raw materials are petroleum boiling fractions, residual oils or crude oils of different boiling ranges, and catalytic conversion reactions are carried out using a solid acid catalyst in a fluidized bed or moving bed reactor.
  • the temperature is 480-680 Torr
  • the pressure is 0.12 - 0.40 MPa
  • the reaction time is 0.1-6 seconds
  • the ratio of the agent to oil is 4-12
  • the catalyst after the reaction is scorched and returned to the reactor for recycling.
  • this method can obtain more propylene and butene, and the total yield of propylene and butene can reach about 40%.
  • U.S. Patent 6,538,169 discloses a method for increasing the yield of a lower olefin by adding a portion of the spent agent to the bottom of the reactor, increasing the ratio of the agent to the oil, lowering the temperature at which the agent is contacted, and by adding a ZSM-5 adjuvant.
  • US Pat. No. 6,791,002 B1 discloses a riser reactor system for the cracking of hydrocarbons, which improves the yield of light olefins by controlling the temperature and time of the cracking reaction of the different components.
  • the method does not involve optimization by catalytically active component modulation. Conversion of the individual components to increase the selectivity of the lower olefins.
  • some patents use a composite oxide catalyst.
  • Zr0 2, Hf0 2 as a main component combined with A1 2 0 3, Cr 2 0 3, MnO, Fe 2 O and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide catalysts (US3725495, US3839485);
  • Another example containing a small amount of Fe 2 0 3, Ti0 2, CaO, MgO, Na 2 0, K 2 0 to Si0 2 Al 2 0 3 catalyst SU550173, SU559946).
  • a composite zeolite catalyst comprising a zeolite having a MFI structure (five-membered high silica zeolite) and a zeolite having a pore diameter of more than 7 angstroms for use in petroleum hydrocarbon cracking to produce low-carbon olefins, wherein a large pore zeolite (mainly Y-type zeolite) is used for the raw materials.
  • the cracking produces steam and diesel, and the MF1 structured zeolite further cracks it into lower olefins (US 3 7 584 0 3 , CN 1043520A US500649, CN1026242C).
  • the MFI structure zeolite was further modified, such as transition metal modification (US5236880), phosphorus modification (CN1205307A, US6566293), rare earth modification (CN1085825A), monument and rare earth modification. (CN1093101A, US5380690, CN1114916A, CN1117518A, CN1143666A), phosphorus and alkaline earth metal modification (CN1221015A, US6342153, CN1222558A, US6211104) and monument and transition metal modification (CN1504540A).
  • transition metal modification US5236880
  • phosphorus modification CN1205307A, US6566293
  • rare earth modification CN1085825A
  • monument and rare earth modification CN1093101A, US5380690, CN1114916A, CN1117518A, CN1143666A
  • phosphorus and alkaline earth metal modification CN1221015A, US6342153, CN1222558A, US6211104
  • Beta zeolite has a 12-membered ring-crossing channel structure, a 12-membered ring with a one-dimensional channel parallel to the (001) crystal plane has a pore size of 0.75 to 0.57 nm, and another 12-membered ring of a two-dimensional channel parallel to the (100) crystal plane.
  • the pore size is from 0.65 to 0.56 nm.
  • Beta zeolite is the only high silica zeolite with a three-dimensional structure of macropores discovered so far. Due to its structural specificity, it has both acid catalytic properties and structural selectivity, and has high thermal stability (lattice damage). Temperature is greater than 1200 °C), hydrothermal stability and wear resistance.
  • zeolite beta Due to its unique structural characteristics, zeolite beta has good thermal and hydrothermal stability, acid resistance, coking resistance and catalysis in a series of catalytic reactions. Activity, in recent years, has rapidly developed into a new type of catalytic material. The use of zeolite beta for the cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons to produce lower olefins has also been reported.
  • CN1103105A discloses a cracking catalyst for producing isobutylene and isoamylene, which comprises a composite catalyst composed of four active components and a carrier, the active component of which is modified by two different silicon-aluminum ratios of HZSM-5 and high.
  • the composition consists of silicon HZSM-5, USY and ⁇ zeolite.
  • the carrier is composed of natural clay and inorganic oxide.
  • Modified HZSM-5 with a silicon to aluminum ratio of 20 to 100: 5-25% by weight (2) High silicon HZSM-5 with a silicon to aluminum ratio of 250 to 450: 1 to 5 wt%; (3) USY zeolite: 5 ⁇ 20% by weight; (4) ⁇ zeolite: 1 ⁇ 5wt%; (5) natural clay: 30 ⁇ 60% by weight;
  • Inorganic oxide 15 to 30% by weight.
  • the catalyst has the characteristics of producing isobutylene and isoamylene, and can also produce high-octane gasoline.
  • CN1057408A discloses a cracking catalyst containing high silica zeolite, which is composed of 10-30% by weight of modified high silica zeolite and 70-90% carrier, and the modified high silica zeolite contains (based on the weight of zeolite) 0.01 ⁇ 3.0% by weight of phosphorus, 0.01 to 1.0% by weight of iron or 0.01 to 10% by weight of aluminum (excluding aluminum in the zeolite structure), and a ZSM molecular sieve having a silicon to aluminum ratio of greater than 15, zeolite beta or mordenite, the carrier being an inorganic oxide or A mixture of an inorganic oxide and a kaolin used in the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons to produce low-carbon olefins and to produce both gasoline and diesel.
  • CN1099788A discloses a cracking catalyst for producing C 3 ⁇ C 5 olefins, which is composed of 10 to 50% by weight of a Y-type zeolite having a unit cell constant ⁇ 2.45011111, and 2 to 40% by weight selected from the group consisting of P, RE, Ca, Mg, H. , modified Al ZSM-5 zeolite, ⁇ zeolite and mixtures thereof, 20 to 80% by weight of a semi-synthetic carrier composed of kaolin and aluminum binder.
  • CN1145396A discloses a cracking catalyst for producing isobutylene and isoamylene, which is composed of three kinds of zeolite active components and a carrier (based on a catalyst): a five-membered high-silica zeolite containing phosphorus and rare earth, 6 to 30 weight %, USY zeolite 5-20% by weight, p zeolite 1 to 5% by weight, clay 30 to 60% by weight, and inorganic oxide 15 to 30% by weight.
  • the catalyst is characterized by the production of isobutylene and isoamylene, and can be combined with high-octane gasoline.
  • CN1354224A discloses a catalytic cracking catalyst for producing isomeric terpene-rich gasoline, propylene and isobutane, which is composed of 0 to 70% by weight of clay, 5 to 90% by weight of inorganic oxide based on the weight of the catalyst, and 1 to 50% by weight of zeolite composition.
  • Boiling Stone is based on the weight of zeolite (1) 20 to 75 wt% of silica-alumina ratio of 5 to 15, the content of rare earth RE 2 0 3 meter 8 to 20% by weight of high silica Y zeolite and (2) 20 ⁇ 75% by weight of silicon-aluminum ratio of 16 ⁇ 50, high-silica Y zeolite with a rare earth content of 2-7 wt% in terms of RE 2 0 3 and (3) 1-50% by weight of zeolite beta or mordenite or ZRP a mixture of zeolites.
  • the use of the catalyst increases the content of isoparaffins in gasoline while increasing the production of propylene and isobutane, but the propylene yield is only slightly increased.
  • CN1504541A discloses a catalyst for catalytically cracking hydrocarbons to produce low-carbon olefins in parallel to produce aromatic hydrocarbons, comprising molecular sieves having a pore diameter of 0.45-0.7 nm, amorphous oxides, and at least two of phosphorus, alkaline earth metals, lithium and rare earths. Sex element.
  • the molecular sieve is a silica-alumina molecular sieve or a silica-alumina molecular sieve
  • the silicoalumino molecular sieve is ZSM-5, ZSM-11, mordenite or Beta zeolite
  • the silicon-on-silicon molecular sieve is SAPO-5, SAPO-11 or SAPO-34
  • the active center of the catalyst can be modulated by the actual product needs, and the low-carbon olefin can be used as a main product, or the aromatic hydrocarbon can be produced at the same time as the olefin is produced.
  • CN1566275A discloses a molecular sieve-containing hydrocarbon cracking catalyst and a preparation method thereof, the catalyst comprising a molecular sieve, a heat resistant inorganic oxide and a metal component, with or without clay, the molecular sieve being the first zeolite and a mixture of the second zeolite, the first zeolite is a Y-type zeolite, and the second zeolite is a zeolite having a silica to alumina molar ratio of 20 or more, and the first zeolite is present in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight, second The content of the zeolite is 1 to 60% by weight, the content of the heat resistant inorganic oxide is 2 to 80% by weight, the content of the clay is 0 to 80% by weight, and the content of the metal component is 0.1 to 30% by weight, the metal The components are substantially present in a reduced valence state.
  • the catalyst can produce more C 3 ⁇ C 5 olefins, has higher desulfurization activity, and has higher cracking activity.
  • the second zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having an MFI structure, zeolites having an MFI structure containing phosphorus, rare earths and/or alkaline earth metals, beta zeolites, beta zeolites containing traces, rare earths and/or alkaline earth metals, mordenite, scales One or more of rare earth and/or alkaline earth metal mordenite.
  • US5006497 and US Pat. No. 5,055,176 disclose a multi-component catalyst comprising a matrix, a macroporous molecular sieve, an alkane cracking isomerization molecular sieve and an aromatization molecular sieve, wherein the macroporous molecular sieve may be selected from the group consisting of zeolite Y, DeAlY, and a catalytic cracking process thereof.
  • US20050070422 discloses a catalyst combination for catalytic cracking to increase propylene production
  • the catalyst comprises a first molecular sieve having a mesopore diameter, at least one second molecule having a smaller pore diameter than the first molecular diameter, and optionally a third large molecular sieve.
  • the first molecule was selected from ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-57, ITQ-13 and MCM-22.
  • the second molecule was screened from ECR-42, ZSM-22, ZSM-35, ZSM-23, MCM-22, MCM-49, SAPO-11, SAPO-34 and SAPO-41.
  • the third molecule was screened from faujasite, L zeolite, VPI-5, SAPO-37, X zeolite, beta zeolite, ZSM-3, ZSM-4, ZSM-18, ZSM-20, MCM-9, MCM-41. , MCM-41S, MCM-48, zeolite, USY, REY, REUSY, etc.
  • the catalyst is suitable for cracking naphtha and heavy hydrocarbon oil to produce propylene.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above state of the art, and an object thereof is to provide a process for more catalytically converting hydrocarbons to lower olefins.
  • the inventors have found through intensive research that when a hydrocarbon-converting catalyst contains a specific modified zeolite beta as a catalyst component, the selectivity of the c 2 ⁇ c 12 olefin can be significantly improved, thereby facilitating further cracking to form low.
  • a carbon olefin (c 2 - c 4 olefin) which can be produced from the hydrocarbon with higher selectivity when a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst prepared by using the modified zeolite beta as an active component is subjected to hydrocarbon catalytic conversion
  • the present invention has been accomplished by lower olefins.
  • the present invention provides a hydrocarbon catalytic conversion process comprising the steps of:
  • the hydrocarbon raw material is contacted with the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst in a catalyst movable reactor to carry out a catalytic cracking reaction, and then the reaction product and the catalyst to be produced are taken out from the reactor, and then separated, and the separated catalyst is passed through the steam. After being regenerated by charring, it is returned to the reactor for recycling, and the separated reaction product is fractionated to obtain low-carbon olefins, gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil and other low molecular saturated hydrocarbons.
  • the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprises 1 to 60% by weight of a zeolite mixture, 5 to 99% by weight of a heat resistant inorganic oxide and 0 to 70% by weight of clay based on the total amount of the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst.
  • the zeolite mixture contains 1 to 75 wt% of zeolite beta modified with phosphorus and transition metal M, 25 to 99 wt% of zeolite having an MFI structure, and 0 to 74 wt% of large pore zeolite, wherein
  • the anhydrous chemical expression of the beta zeolite modified by the monument and the transition metal ruthenium is expressed by the mass percentage of the oxide: (0 ⁇ 0.3) Na 2 0- ( 0.5 - 10 ) ⁇ 1 2 0 3 ⁇ ( 1.3 - 10 ) ⁇ 2 0 5 ⁇ ( 0.7 ⁇ 15 ) M x O y - ( 64 ⁇ 97 ) Si0 2 , wherein the transition
  • the present invention relates to the following aspects:
  • a method for catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons comprising the following steps -
  • the hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst in a catalyst movable reactor to carry out a catalytic cracking reaction, and then the reaction product and the catalyst to be produced are taken out from the reactor and separated, and the separated catalyst is separated.
  • the stripping is carried out by scorch regeneration and returned to the reactor for recycling.
  • the separated reaction products are fractionated to obtain low-carbon olefins, gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil and other low molecular saturated hydrocarbons.
  • the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprises 1 to 60% of a zeolite mixture, 5 to 99% of a heat resistant inorganic oxide and 0 to 70% of clay based on the total amount of the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, and wherein
  • the zeolite mixture contains 1 to 75% of zeolite beta modified with phosphorus and transition metal M, 25 to 99% of zeolite having MFI structure, and 0 to 74%, based on the total amount of the zeolite mixture.
  • Macroporous zeolite
  • the anhydrous chemical expression of the ⁇ zeolite modified by phosphorus and transition metal ruthenium is expressed by mass percentage of oxide: (0 ⁇ 0.3) Na 2 0- ( 0.5 - 10 ) ⁇ 1 2 0 3 ⁇ ( 1.3 ⁇ 10 ) ⁇ 2 0 5 ⁇ ( 0.7 - 15 ) M x O y - (64-91) Si0 2 ,
  • the transition metal M is selected from one or more of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Sn, x represents the number of atoms of the transition metal M, and y represents that the transition metal M is satisfied. A number required for the state.
  • transition metal M is selected from one or more of Fe, Co, Ni and Cu.
  • transition metal M is selected from the group consisting of Fe and/or Cu.
  • the zeolite having an MFI structure is selected from the group consisting of rare earth-containing ZRP zeolite, phosphorus-containing ZRP zeolite, phosphorus- and rare earth-containing ZRP zeolite, phosphorus-containing and alkaline earth metal-containing One or more of ZRP zeolite and ZSP zeolite containing phosphorus and transition metals.
  • the bed reactor is selected from the group consisting of a fixed fluidized bed reactor, a bulk fluidized bed reactor, a bubbling bed reactor, a turbulent bed reactor, a fast bed reactor, a transport bed reactor, and a dense phase fluidized bed reactor. One or several.
  • the hydrocarbon material has a weight hourly space velocity of 0.2-4011.
  • hydrocarbon feedstock is selected from C 4 hydrocarbons, gasoline, diesel oil, hydrogenated tail oil, one kind of vacuum gas oil, crude oil and residual oil or Several mixtures.
  • a diluent is injected into the reactor during the catalytic cracking reaction to reduce a partial pressure of the hydrocarbon raw material, wherein the dilution
  • the agent is selected from one or more of water vapor, lower alkanes, and nitrogen, or a mixture of several thereof.
  • a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst having a specific modified ⁇ zeolite and a zeolite having an MFI structure as an essential active component is used, thereby exhibiting higher hydrocarbon conversion ability, and higher
  • the yield of light olefins (higher low olefin olefin selectivity), especially propylene, is higher.
  • the conversion of the raw material was 94.6%
  • the yield of the C 2 -C 4 olefin was 42.5%.
  • the propylene yield was 21.9%.
  • the present invention provides a hydrocarbon catalytic conversion process comprising the steps of:
  • the hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst in a catalyst movable reactor to carry out a catalytic cracking reaction, and then the reaction product and the catalyst to be produced are taken out from the reactor and separated, and the separated catalyst is passed through.
  • the stripping is carried out by scorch regeneration and returned to the reactor for recycling.
  • the separated reaction product is fractionated to obtain low-carbon olefins, gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil and other low molecular saturated hydrocarbons.
  • the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst of the present invention) contains 1 to 60% by weight of boiling based on the total amount of the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. a stone mixture, 5 to 99% by weight of a heat resistant inorganic oxide and 0 to 70% by weight of clay, and wherein, in the total amount of the zeolite mixture, the zeolite mixture contains 1 to 75 % by weight of phosphorus And a transition metal M-modified zeolite beta, 25 to 99% by weight of a zeolite having an MFI structure, and 0 to 74% by weight of a large pore zeolite, wherein the zeolite of zeolite modified by phosphorus and transition metal is anhydrous
  • the chemical expression is expressed as the mass percentage of oxide: ( 0 ⁇ 0.3 ) Na 2 0- ( 0.5 - 10 ) ⁇ 1 2 0 3 ⁇ ( 1.3 ⁇ 10 ) ⁇ 2 0 5 ⁇ ( 0.7 ⁇ 15 )
  • lower olefin means a C 2 -C 4 olefin unless specifically stated otherwise.
  • the reactor employed may be selected, for example, from a fluidized bed reactor, a riser reactor, a downflow line reactor, a moving bed reactor, and a riser reactor.
  • each of the above reactors may be divided into two or more reaction zones as needed.
  • the riser is selected from one or more of an equal diameter riser reactor, a constant line riser reactor and a variable diameter riser reactor.
  • the fluidized bed reactor is selected from the group consisting of a fixed fluidized bed reactor, a bulk fluidized bed reactor, a bubbling bed reactor, a turbulent bed reactor, a fast bed reactor, a transport bed reactor, and dense phase fluidization. One or several of the bed reactors.
  • the hydrocarbon raw material is selected from one or more of petroleum hydrocarbons such as C 4 hydrocarbons, gasoline, diesel oil, hydrogenated tail oil, vacuum gas oil, or the like, or Crude oils and residual oils can also be used directly in the mixed fraction of these petroleum fractions.
  • petroleum hydrocarbons such as C 4 hydrocarbons, gasoline, diesel oil, hydrogenated tail oil, vacuum gas oil, or the like
  • Crude oils and residual oils can also be used directly in the mixed fraction of these petroleum fractions.
  • the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst contains 10 to 50% by weight of the zeolite mixture, 10 to 70% by weight based on the total amount of the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. % of the heat resistant inorganic oxide and 0 to 60% by weight of the clay.
  • the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst of the present invention and a method for producing the same will be described in detail.
  • the modified zeolite beta which is one of the essential components of the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst of the present invention will be described.
  • the preferred range is: (0 ⁇ 0.2) Na 2 0' (1 ⁇ 9) ⁇ 1 2 0 3 ⁇ ( 1.5 - 7 ) ⁇ 2 0 5 ⁇ ( 0.9 - 10 ) M x O y - ( 75 ⁇ 95 ) Si0 2
  • a more preferable range is (0 ⁇ 0.2) Na 2 0-( 1 ⁇ 9) ⁇ 1 2 0 3 ⁇ ( 2 - 5 ) ⁇ 2 0 5 ⁇ ( 1 ⁇ 3 )M x O y -( 82 ⁇ 95 ) Si0 2 .
  • the transition metal M is selected from one or more of Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, more preferably from Fe and/or Cu.
  • the zeolite having an MFI structure is a high silica zeolite having a pentasil structure selected from one or more of ZSM-5 and ZRP series zeolites, particularly selected from the group consisting of rare earth-containing zeolites.
  • ZRP zeolite (CN1052290A, CN1058382A, US5232675), Zeolite-containing ZRP zeolite (CN1194181A, US5951963), phosphorus and rare earth-containing ZRP zeolite (CN1147420A), phosphorus and alkaline earth metal-containing ZRP zeolite (CN1211469A, CN1211470A, US6080698) and phosphorus And one or more of the transition metal ZSP zeolites (CN1465527A, CN1611299A).
  • the large pore zeolite is a zeolite having a pore structure of at least 0.7 nm ring opening, such as one or more selected from the group consisting of Y zeolite, L zeolite, ⁇ zeolite, ⁇ zeolite, mordenite and ZSM-18 zeolite.
  • Y zeolite L zeolite
  • ⁇ zeolite ⁇ zeolite
  • mordenite ZSM-18 zeolite.
  • cerium-type zeolites, cerium-type zeolites containing phosphorus and/or rare earths, ultra-stable cerium zeolites, and ultra-stable cerium zeolites containing phosphorus and/or rare earth may be selected.
  • the zeolite having the MFI structure and the large pore zeolite may be commercially available or may be prepared by various methods known in the art, and will not be described herein.
  • the ⁇ zeolite modified with phosphorus and a transition metal ruthenium can be produced by various methods, for example, (1) introduction of phosphorus and the transition metal ruthenium in the process of synthesizing ⁇ zeolite, or (2) After the synthesis of the rhodium zeolite, the steps of ammonium exchange, phosphorus modification, the transition metal rhodium modification, and calcination treatment are employed to introduce phosphorus and the transition metal rhodium.
  • the zeolite beta modified with phosphorus and a transition metal ruthenium can be prepared as follows. That is, the sodium type ⁇ zeolite obtained by conventional crystallization is exchanged at a weight ratio of
  • 3 zeolite: ammonium salt: ⁇ 2 0 1: (0.1 ⁇ 1 ) : (5 - 10 ) at room temperature to underarm for 0.5 to 2 hours.
  • the exchange process is repeated 1 to 4 times so that the Na 2 0 content on the zeolite beta is less than 0.2% by weight, and then, by impregnation or ion exchange, after exchanged P
  • the zeolite is modified by introducing phosphorus and a transition metal M selected from one or more of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn and Sn, followed by drying, and then at 400 to 800 ° C.
  • the lower calcination is carried out for 0.5 to 8 hours, and the calcination process can also be carried out under a steam atmosphere, whereby the zeolite ⁇ modified by phosphorus and transition metal M can be prepared.
  • the modification process of the zeolite by introducing phosphorus and transition metal ruthenium can be carried out, for example, by impregnation or ion exchange according to a conventional method in the art.
  • the cake and the calculated amount of the aqueous solution of the phosphorus compound are uniformly beaten at room temperature to 95 Torr and then dried, and then exchanged with a calculated amount of one or more selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn and Sn.
  • the aqueous solution of the compound of the metal M is dried after being mixed at room temperature to 95 ° C, wherein the order of impregnation of the above two solutions can also be reversed;
  • Examples of the ion exchange method include the following methods.
  • the ammonium salt is an inorganic ammonium salt commonly used in the ammonium exchange treatment of the art, such as one selected from the group consisting of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate or a mixture thereof.
  • the phosphorus-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of a solution of acid, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and ammonium orthophosphate or a mixture thereof .
  • the compound containing one or more transition metals M selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn and Sn is selected from their corresponding water-soluble salts, and said water-soluble salt is selected from sulphate, nitrate and one or more salts of chloride 0
  • the drying or drying may be carried out in a conventional manner, and the drying or drying temperature may be from room temperature to 350, preferably from 100 to 200 V.
  • the calcination temperature is a conventional calcination temperature, and is usually 400 to 800 ⁇ , preferably 450 to 700. C.
  • the starting zeolite beta to be used is not particularly limited, and those which are commonly used in the art may be used, commercially available products may be used, and preparation may be carried out according to a method known in the art. Got it.
  • the starting beta zeolite is a sodium beta zeolite. If the sodium bismuth zeolite contains an organic templating agent, the above operation should be carried out after removing the templating agent. Moreover, the sodium content of the sodium beta zeolite should be such as to satisfy the sodium content requirement in the anhydrous chemical expression of the finally obtained beta zeolite containing phosphorus and the transition metal ruthenium. If not required, the sodium in the starting sodium beta zeolite can be removed by ammonium exchange. From this point of view, the ammonium exchange step is not essential in the preparation of the modified beta zeolite.
  • the equipment and condition control methods and the like employed are also not particularly limited, and those conventional in the art can be employed.
  • the heat resistant inorganic oxide is not limited, but is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of heat resistant inorganic oxides which are generally used as a cracking catalyst substrate and a binder component, and examples thereof include alumina and silica. And one or more of amorphous silicon aluminum.
  • heat resistant inorganic oxides and methods for their preparation are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • These heat resistant inorganic oxides may be commercially available or may be obtained from the precursor of the heat resistant inorganic oxide by a method known in the art.
  • the precursor of the heat-resistant inorganic oxide may be used as it is, instead of the heat-resistant inorganic oxide. Therefore, the term "heat resistant inorganic oxide” includes the heat resistant inorganic oxide itself and/or the precursor of these heat resistant inorganic oxides.
  • the term "heat resistant inorganic oxide precursor” as used herein refers to the hydrocarbon conversion catalysis in the present invention.
  • the precursor of the alumina may be selected from the group consisting of hydrated alumina and/or aluminum sol; the hydrated alumina may be selected, for example, from boehmite (boehmite), pseudo-water soft aluminum.
  • boehmite boehmite
  • pseudo-water soft aluminum alumina trihydrate, and amorphous aluminum hydroxide;
  • the precursor of the silica may be selected from, for example, silica sol, silicone gel, and water glass.
  • the precursor of the silica may be selected from, for example, silica sol, silicone gel, and water glass.
  • the precursor of the amorphous silicon aluminum may be selected from the group consisting of a silica alumina sol, a mixture of a silica sol and an aluminum sol, and one or more of a silica-alumina gel.
  • a silica alumina sol a mixture of a silica sol and an aluminum sol
  • a silica-alumina gel a silica-alumina gel
  • a clay may also be contained.
  • the clay is not particularly limited, but is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of clays which are usually used as an active component of a cracking catalyst, and examples thereof include kaolin, halloysite, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, and angstrom. One or more of Rock, saponite, rector, sepiolite, attapulgite, hydrotalcite and bentonite.
  • the clay is preferably selected from one or more of kaolin, halloysite and montmorillonite. These clays and their preparation methods are well known to those skilled in the art, and commercially available products thereof can also be used.
  • the method for producing the hydrocarbon-based conversion catalyst of the present invention includes the following methods, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the heat resistant inorganic oxide and/or its precursor with water, and then adding or not adding the clay to the resulting slurry, at which point the remaining portion of the heat resistant inorganic may be further added thereto.
  • the oxide and/or its precursor are then added to the resulting slurry to form the modified
  • an acid is added to the resulting slurry before or after the addition of the clay, and the pH of the slurry is adjusted to 1 to 5.
  • the resulting slurry is aged at a temperature of 30 to 90 ° C for 0.1 to 10 hours; after the aging is completed, the remaining portion of the heat resistant inorganic oxide and/or its precursor are added.
  • the clay may be added before the aging step or after the aging step, and the order of addition of the clay has no effect on the performance of the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst of the present invention.
  • all or a part of the heat resistant inorganic oxide and/or its precursor may be added before the aging step, but in order to make the catalyst have better wear resistance, it is preferred.
  • first add one A part of the heat resistant inorganic oxide and/or its precursor is then added to the remaining portion of the heat resistant inorganic oxide and/or its precursor after the aging step.
  • the weight ratio of the first added portion to the later added portion is 1: 0.1 to 10, more preferably 1: 0.1 to 5.
  • an acid is added thereto.
  • the acid is selected from one or more of a water-soluble inorganic acid and an organic acid, and is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and a carboxylic acid having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the acid is used in an amount such that the pH of the slurry is from 1 to 5, preferably from 1.5 to 4.
  • the aging conditions are preferably aged at a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C for 0.5 to 8 hours.
  • the drying method and conditions of the slurry are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the drying method may be air drying, drying, air drying or spray drying, preferably spray drying.
  • the drying temperature may be from room temperature to 400 Torr, preferably from 100 to 350 °C:.
  • the solid content of the slurry before drying is preferably 10 to 50 wt%, more preferably 20 to 50 wt. 0/0.
  • the calcination conditions are also known to those skilled in the art.
  • the calcination temperature is 400 to 700 ⁇ , preferably 450 to 650 ° C
  • the baking time is at least 0.5 hours, preferably 0.5 to 100.
  • the hour is more preferably 0.5 to 10 hours.
  • the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst of the present invention After the preparation of the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst of the present invention, it can be utilized to carry out the hydrocarbon catalytic conversion process of the present invention.
  • the operating conditions in the catalytic cracking reaction in the reactor are: a reaction temperature of 480 to 650 Torr, preferably 500 to 620 ° C, and a pressure in the reaction zone. (Absolute pressure) is 0.15 to 0.3 MPa, preferably 0.2 to 0.3 MPa.
  • the weight hourly space velocity of the hydrocarbon raw material is 0.2 ⁇ 401 ⁇ , ⁇ i 3 - 3
  • the reactor in order to reduce the partial pressure of the hydrocarbon raw material, the reactor may be injected with water vapor, nitrogen and low carbon alkanes during the catalytic cracking reaction.
  • the reaction product is separated from the reactor together with the catalyst to be produced (the used hydrocarbon conversion catalyst), and the separated product is separated.
  • the catalyst to be produced is stripped and then regenerated by charring
  • the separated reaction product is subjected to the fractionation to obtain the low-carbon olefin, gasoline, diesel, heavy oil and other low molecular saturated hydrocarbons.
  • the reaction product and the catalyst to be produced are taken out from the reactor and separated by a separator (e.g., a cyclone).
  • the separated catalyst is passed through a stripping section where steam adsorbed hydrocarbon products are stripped with water vapor or other gas.
  • the stripped catalyst is sent to the regenerator by fluidization techniques and contacted with an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature of, for example, 650-720 °0 to oxidize the coke deposited on the catalyst.
  • the catalyst is regenerated to be regenerated, and the regenerated catalyst is then returned to the reactor for recycle.
  • the separated reaction product (optionally including the hydrocarbon product obtained in the stripping section) is fractionated by a conventional method to obtain a gas (including dry gas and liquefied gas), gasoline, diesel and heavy oil, and the like.
  • a gas including dry gas and liquefied gas
  • gasoline including dry gas and liquefied gas
  • diesel including diesel and heavy oil
  • Low molecular saturated hydrocarbons including ethylene, propylene, butene, and other components, etc., can be separated from the gas by existing separation techniques.
  • the hydrocarbon catalytic conversion process provided by the present invention has the advantages of: exhibiting higher petroleum hydrocarbon conversion ability by using a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst having a specific modified ⁇ zeolite and a zeolite having an MFI structure as essential active components, and higher The yield of lower olefins, especially higher propylene yields.
  • Examples 1 to 10 illustrate modified zeolite beta containing phosphorus and transition metal ruthenium and a process for preparing the same.
  • each of the modified zeolite ⁇ in the sample Na 2 0, Fe 2 0 3 , Co 2 0 3, NiO, CuO, Mn 2 0 3, ZnO, Sn0 2 the content of A1 2 0 3 and Si0 2 by X-ray fluorescence Method determination (see “Petrochemical Analysis Methods (RIPP Experimental Methods)", edited by Yang Cuiding, Science Press, 1990).
  • zeolite ⁇ 3 containing phosphorus and transition metal copper was obtained.
  • the anhydrous chemical expression of ⁇ 3 is: 0.03Na 2 O'2.0Al 2 O 3 '2.5P 2 O 5 '2.1CuO'93.4SiO 2 .
  • Example 4
  • the anhydrous chemical expression of B10 is: 0.11Na 2 O-5.9Al 2 O 3 -4.1P 2 O 5 -1.0CuO-1.0Fe 2 O 3 -87.9SiO 2o
  • Examples 11-20 illustrate the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons of the present invention
  • the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst used in the method and the preparation method thereof, the raw materials used in the process of preparing the catalyst are as follows:
  • Montmorillonite Zhejiang Fenghong Clay Chemical Co., Ltd. has an industrial product with a solid content of 95%.
  • silica content is 16.0%.
  • the large pore zeolites used are all produced by Qilu Catalyst Factory, and their industrial grades are:
  • DASY2.0 physicochemical parameters are: unit cell constant is 2.446 nm, Na 2 0 content is 1.1%, rare earth oxide RE 2 0 3 content is 2.0%, wherein cerium oxide content is 1.06% and cerium oxide content is 0.26%. , other rare earth oxide content is 0.68%;
  • unit cell constant is 2.445 nm, Na 2 0 content is 0.36%;
  • the physicochemical parameters are: unit cell constant 2.451 nm, Na 2 0 content 1.6%, rare earth oxide RE 2 0 3 content 6.2%, wherein cerium oxide content is 3.29%, cerium oxide content is 0.81% , other rare earth oxide content is 2.10%; REHY, physicochemical parameters are: unit cell constant is 2.465 nm, Na 2 0 content is 3.2 %, rare earth oxide RE 2 0 3 content is 7.0%, wherein cerium oxide content is 3.71%, cerium oxide content is 0.91%, other The rare earth oxide content was 2.38%.
  • the zeolites with MFI structure used are all produced by Qilu Catalyst Factory, and their industrial grades are:
  • the catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 11 except that an equivalent amount of the modified ⁇ zeolite ⁇ 2 was used instead of Bl to obtain a catalyst C2.
  • the composition of C2 is shown in Table 1.
  • Example 14 The catalyst was prepared as in Example 11 except that an equivalent amount of modified zeolite beta was used. B4 is substituted for Bl to obtain catalyst C3. The composition of C3 is shown in Table 1. Example 14
  • the catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 11 except that an equivalent amount of the modified ⁇ zeolite B10 was used instead of Bl to obtain a catalyst C4.
  • the composition of C4 is shown in Table 1. Comparative example 1
  • This comparative example illustrates a reference catalyst containing beta zeolite modified without phosphorus and transition metals and a process for its preparation.
  • a catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 11 except that ⁇ zeolite (compared with Example 1) which was not modified with phosphorus and a transition metal was used instead of Bl to obtain a reference catalyst CB1.
  • the composition of CB1 is shown in Table 1. Comparative example 2
  • This comparative example illustrates a reference catalyst containing no P zeolite and a process for its preparation.
  • the catalyst was prepared as in Example 11 except that ⁇ zeolite was not added and it was ultra stable.
  • the amount of cerium zeolite used was 1.2 kg (dry basis) to obtain a reference catalyst CB2.
  • the composition of CB2 is shown in Table 1.
  • Examples 21 to 24 illustrate the effects when the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst provided by the present invention is used for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons.
  • Catalysts C1 to C4 were aged at 800 and aged with 100% steam for 14 hours.
  • the reactor was charged in a small fixed fluidized bed reactor with a catalyst loading of 180 g and a reaction temperature of 560 ° C. 10, under the condition of heavy hourly space velocity of 4 hours - 1 , the mixture of vacuum gas oil and water vapor (the amount of water vapor is 25 wt% of vacuum gas oil) is used to evaluate the use of aged catalyst for hydrocarbons.
  • the effect of catalytic conversion, the properties of vacuum gas oil are shown in Table 3, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 4. Comparative example 3-4
  • Comparative Example 3-4 illustrates the effect of using a reference catalyst for a hydrocarbon catalytic conversion process. The same raw oil was used to evaluate the use of the reference catalyst as in Example 21.
  • Viscosity (8 (TC), glutinous rice 2 / sec 12.06 24.84
  • Kang's carbon residue weight% 0.93 4.3
  • Example 21 Case 22 case 23 case 24 case 3 case 4 Catalyst C1 C2 C3 C4 CB1 CB2 Conversion rate 90.2 90.0 90.4 90.7 88.7 88.1 Product distribution, weight%
  • the hydrocarbon catalytic conversion method provided by the invention has a heavy oil cracking capacity of 1.9-2.6 percentage points and a liquefied gas yield of 1.02.5 percentage points.
  • Examples 25-30 illustrate the results of the reactions under different reaction conditions.
  • Catalysts C5 ⁇ C10 were aged at 800 ° C for 1 hour with 100% steam. Using a small fixed fluidized bed reactor, the catalyst loading in the reactor was 180 g. The atmospheric residue was evaluated for aging. The properties of the catalyst, atmospheric residue are shown in Table 3. The reaction conditions and product distribution are shown in Table 5.
  • Example 31-33
  • Examples 31-33 illustrate embodiments of hydrocarbons under different reaction temperatures for the cleavage conditions.
  • Catalyst C4 was aged at 800 C for 10 hours with 100% steam and charged into a reactor of a small fixed fluidized bed apparatus with a catalyst loading of 180 g.
  • the weight ratio of the agent to oil was 10, and the hourly space velocity was Under the condition of 41T 1 , a mixture of vacuum gas oil and water vapor shown in Table 3 was passed, and the amount of water vapor was 25% by weight of the vacuum gas oil.
  • the results are shown in Table 6. Examples 34-36
  • Examples 34-36 illustrate the cracking of hydrocarbons at different weight hourly space velocities.
  • Catalyst C4 was aged at 800 Torr, aged with 100% steam for 14 hours, and charged into a reactor of a small fixed fluidized bed apparatus.
  • the catalyst loading was 180 g, and the reaction temperature was 560 V.
  • the weight ratio of the agent oil was 10, and the weight was different.
  • the mixture of vacuum gas oil and water vapor shown in Table 3 was passed, and the amount of water vapor was 25% of the weight of the vacuum gas oil. The results are shown in Table 7. Examples 37-39
  • Examples 37-39 illustrate the cracking of hydrocarbons at different agent oil weight ratios.
  • Catalyst C4 was aged at 800 Torr, aged with 100% steam for 14 hours, and charged into a reactor of a small fixed fluidized bed apparatus with a catalyst loading of 180 g, a reaction temperature of 560 ° C, and a weight hourly space velocity of 4 hours - 1.
  • the mixture of vacuum gas oil and water vapor shown in Table 3 is obtained.
  • the amount of water vapor is 25% of the weight of vacuum gas oil.
  • Example 25 Example 26 Case 27 Case 28 Case 29 Case 30 Catalyst C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 Reaction temperature, °c 520 520 580 580 620 620 Agent oil weight ratio 10 10 10 10 10 10 Weight hourly space velocity, hour - 1 10 10 15 15 20 20 The amount of water vapor is atmospheric residue
  • Example 34 Example 35
  • Example 36 Catalyst C4 C4 C4 Weight hourly space velocity, hour - 1 4 8 12 Conversion rate 90.7 89.9 88.9 Product distribution, %
  • Example No. Example 37 Example 38 Example 39 Catalyst C4 C4 C4

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Description

一种烃类催化转化方法 技术领域
本发明关于一种烃类的催化转化方法, 更具体地说, 关于一种通 过催化转化烃类来更高选择性地生产低碳烯烃的方法。 背景技术
以乙烯、 丙烯为代表的低碳烯烃是最基本的化工原料, 国内外多 以天然气、 轻盾石油烃类, 采用乙烯联合装置中蒸汽裂解工艺生产低 碳烯烃。 低碳烯烃的第二大来源是炼油厂的催化裂化(FCC )装置。 常规的催化裂化工艺在生产汽油和轻柴油的同时也副产低碳烯烃, 但 其产率仅占原料油的 15%以下。 炼油厂通常选用特定配方的催化裂化 催化剂和 /或助剂, 以提高丙烯收率。
US5670037公开了一种制取低碳烯烃的烃类催化转化方法, 原料 为不同沸程的石油馏分、 渣油或原油, 在流化床或移动床反应器内使 用固体酸催化剂进行催化转化反应, 温度 480-680Ό , 压力 0. 12- 0.40MPa, 反应时间在 0.1-6 秒, 剂油比 4-12, 反应后的催化剂经烧 焦再生后返回反应器内循环使用。 与常规的催化裂化及水蒸汽热裂解 方法比较, 该方法可以得到更多的丙烯和丁烯, 丙烯和丁烯的总产率 可以达到 40%左右。
US6538169公开了一种通过将部分待生剂返回至反应器底部, 提 高剂油比, 降低油剂接触温度, 同时通过添加 ZSM-5 助剂提高低碳 烯烃产率的方法。
US6791002B1 公开了一种用于烃类裂化的提升管反应器系统, 通 过控制不同组分的裂化反应温度和时间, 提高低碳烯烃的产率, 该方 法未涉及通过催化剂活性组元调变来优化各个组分的转化, 从而提高 低碳烯烃的选择性。
采用催化裂化的方法, 从石油烃类生产低碳烯烃已有不少专利报 导, 在部分专利中使用的是金属负载型催化剂, 以 Si02、 A1203或其 它氧化物为载体, 所用金属元素多属 ΠΒ、 VB、 VIIB和 VIII族金属 元素, 它们都具有加氢、 脱氢活性, 在高温和低压的裂化条件下表现 出脱氢活性, 因此加快低碳烯烃的生成 (US3541179、 US3647682, DD225135, SU1214726 ) 。 使用此类催化剂时, 由于所负载金属的脱 氢性能, 在进行裂化反应的同时, 聚合结焦的副反应也相应加快, 使 催化剂上结炭较多, 因而只能采用沸程为 <220Ό的轻质原料。
此外, 还有一部分专利使用的是复合氧化物催化剂。 如以 Zr02、 Hf02为主要成分, 辅以 A1203、 Cr203、 MnO、 Fe2O 及碱金属或碱 土金属氧化物的催化剂( US3725495、 US3839485 );再如含少量 Fe203、 Ti02、 CaO、 MgO、 Na20、 K20 的 Si02 Al203催化剂 (SU550173、 SU559946 ) 。
随着沸石在石油化工和石油加工领域中日益广泛的应用, 出现了 第三类催化剂, 即含沸石的催化剂。 近年来, 为了提高催化裂化过程 生产的汽油的辛垸值,人们在催化剂中加入择形添加剂,如 US3758403 中公开了以 ZSM-5型分子筛和大孔沸石 (两者比例可为 1: 10 - 3: 1 ) 为活性组分的催化剂, 采用此催化剂, 在提高汽油辛烷值的同时, 也 增加了 C3、 C4烯烃的收率, C3〜C4烯烃收率为 10重量%左右。
含具有 MFI 结构的沸石 (五元环高硅沸石)和孔径大于 7 埃的 沸石的复合沸石催化剂用于石油烃裂解生产低碳烯烃时, 其中大孔沸 石 (主要是 Y型沸石)对原料进行裂化生成汽、 柴油, 而 MF1结构 沸石进一步将其裂化成低碳烯烃 ( US3758403、 CN1043520A US500649, CN1026242C ) 。 为提高催化剂对烯烃的选择性, 进一步 对 MFI结构沸石进行了改性, 如采用过渡金属改性(US5236880 ) 、 磷改性 (CN1205307A、 US6566293 ) 、 稀土改性 (CN1085825A ) 、 碑和稀土 改性 ( CN1093101A、 US5380690、 CN1114916A、 CN1117518A, CN1143666A ) 、 磷和碱土金属改性 ( CN1221015A、 US6342153 , CN1222558A , US6211104 ) 以及碑和过渡金属改性 ( CN1504540A ) 。
β沸石具有十二元环交叉孔道结构, 平行于 (001 ) 晶面的一维孔 道的 12元环孔径为 0.75 ~ 0.57mn, 另一个与 (100 ) 晶面平行的二维 孔道的 12 元环孔径为 0.65 ~ 0.56nm。 β 沸石是迄今为止所发现的唯 一一种大孔三维结构的高硅沸石, 由于其结构的特殊性, 兼具酸催化 特性和结构选择性,并且具有很高的热稳定性(晶格破坏温度大于 1200 °C ) 、 水热稳定性及耐磨性能。 由于独特的结构特征, 在一系列催化 反应中 β沸石具有良好的热和水热稳定性、 耐酸性、 抗结焦性和催化 活性, 近年来已迅速发展成为一种新型的催化材料。 将 β沸石用于石 油烃裂解生产低碳烯烃也有较多报导。
CN1103105A公开了一种多产异丁烯和异戊烯的裂化催化剂, 该 催化剂由四种活性组分及载体组成的复合催化剂, 其活性组分由两种 不同硅铝比的改性 HZSM-5和高硅 HZSM-5、 USY和 β沸石构成, 载体是由天然粘土和无机氧化物组成, 该催化剂的组分和含量如下:
(1)硅铝比为 20〜: 100的改性 HZSM-5: 5-25重量%; (2)硅铝比 为 250~450 的高硅 HZSM-5: 1〜 5重量%; (3) USY 沸石: 5〜20 重量%; ( 4 ) β沸石: 1〜5重量%; (5) 天然粘土: 30~60重量%;
(6)无机氧化物: 15〜30重量%。 该催化剂具有多产异丁烯和异戊烯 的特点, 同时还可以联产高辛烷值汽油。
CN1057408A公开了一种含高硅沸石的裂化催化剂, 它由 10 ~ 30 重量%的改性高硅沸石和 70~90%载体组成, 该改性高硅沸石含(以 沸石重量为基准) 0.01 ~ 3.0 重量%磷、 0.01 ~ 1.0 重量%铁或 0.01 ~ 10 重量%铝 (不包括沸石结构中的铝) , 并且硅铝比大于 15的 ZSM 分子筛、 β 沸石或丝光沸石, 载体为无机氧化物或无机氧化物和高岭 土的混合物, 该催化剂用于烃类催化裂化过程生产低碳烯烃, 并兼产 汽油和柴油。
CN1099788A公开了一种多产 C3 ~ C5烯烃的裂化催化剂, 是由 10~50重量%晶胞常数≤2.45011111的 Y型沸石、 2 ~ 40重量%选自 P、 RE、 Ca、 Mg、 H、 Al等改性的 ZSM-5沸石、 β沸石及其混合物、 20 ~ 80重量%由高岭土和铝粘结剂组成的半合成载体组成。 该催化剂不仅 能提高 C3 ~ C5烯烃的收率, 其中 iC4 = +iC5 =的产率达 10~13重量%, 同时还可以使汽油产率保持在 35 - 42重量 %左右。
CN1145396A公开了一种多产异丁烯和异戊烯的裂化催化剂, 是 由三种沸石活性组分和载体组成(以催化剂为基准计) : 含磷和稀土 的五元环高硅沸石 6~30重量%、 USY沸石 5~20重量%、 p沸石 1~ 5重量%、 粘土 30~60重量%和无机氧化物 15~30重量%。 该催化 剂具有多产异丁烯和异戊烯的特点, 同时可联产高辛烷值汽油。
CN1354224A公开了一种用于生产富含异构炕烃汽油、 丙烯及异 丁烷的催化裂化催化剂, 是由以催化剂重量为基准的 0~70重量%粘 土, 5~90重量%无机氧化物和 1~50重量%的沸石组成。 其中的沸 石为以沸石重量为基准的 (1) 20~75 重量%的硅铝比为 5~15、 以 RE203计的稀土含量为 8~20重量%的高硅 Y沸石与 (2) 20~75重 量%的硅铝比为 16~50、 以 RE203计的稀土含量为 2~7重量%的高 硅 Y沸石和(3) 1-50重量%的 β沸石或丝光沸石或 ZRP沸石的混 合物。 使用该催化剂可提高汽油中异构烷烃的含量, 同时增产丙烯和 异丁烷, 但其丙烯产率仅略有增加。
CN1504541A公开了一种催化烃类裂解生产低碳烯烃并联产芳烃 的催化剂, 含有孔径为 0.45-0.7 纳米的分子筛、 无定形的氧化物以及 磷、 碱土金属、 锂和稀土中的至少两种改性元素。 其中分子筛为硅铝 分子筛或硅磷铝分子筛, 所述硅铝分子筛为 ZSM-5、 ZSM-11, 丝光 沸石或 Beta 沸石, 所述硅碑铝分子筛为 SAPO-5、 SAPO-11 或 SAPO-34, 该催化剂的活性中心可以通过实际的产物需要进行调变, 可以以低碳烯烃为主要产物, 也可以在多产烯烃的同时联产芳烃。
CN1566275A公开了一种含分子筛的烃类裂化催化剂及其制备方 法, 所述催化剂含有分子筛、 耐热无机氧化物和一种金属组分, 含或 不含粘土, 所述分子筛为第一种沸石和第二种沸石的混合物, 第一种 沸石为 Y型沸石, 第二种沸石为氧化硅与氧化铝的摩尔比为 20以上 的沸石, 第一种沸石的含量为 1~50重量%、第二种沸石的含量为 1~ 60重量%,耐热无机氧化物的含量为 2~80重量%,粘土的含量为 0~ 80重量%, 金属组分的含量为 0.1~30重量%, 所述金属组分基本上 以还原价态存在。 该催化剂既能多产 C3~C5烯烃, 又具有更高脱硫 活性, 而且还具有更高的裂化活性。 其中第二种沸石选自具有 MFI 结构的沸石, 含磷、 稀土和 /或碱土金属的具有 MFI 结构的沸石, β 沸石、 含碑、 稀土和 /或碱土金属的 β沸石、 丝光沸石, 含鱗、 稀土和 /或碱土金属的丝光沸石中的一种或几种。
US5006497和 US5055176公开了一种多组分催化剂及其催化裂化 方法, 所述催化剂含有基质、 大孔分子筛、 烷烃裂化异构化分子筛和 芳构化分子筛, 其中大孔分子筛可选自沸石 Y、 DeAlY、 USY、 ϋΗΡΥ、 VPI-5, 柱形粘土、 SAPO-37、 β沸石及其混合物, 烷烃裂化异构化分 子筛选自氢型 ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-22, ZSM-35 和 ZSM-57, 芳 构化分子筛为 GaZSM-5。
US20050070422公开了一种用于催化裂化增产丙烯的催化剂组合 物, 该催化剂包含具有中孔直径的第一种分子筛, 至少一个孔道直径 小于第一种分子歸孔道直径的第二种分子歸, 可选的第三种大孔分子 筛。 其中, 第一种分子筛选自 ZSM-5, ZSM-11 , ZSM-12, ZSM-57, ITQ-13和 MCM-22。 第二种分子筛选自 ECR-42, ZSM-22, ZSM-35, ZSM-23, MCM-22, MCM-49, SAPO-11 , SAPO-34 和 SAPO-41。 第三种分子筛选自八面沸石, L沸石, VPI-5, SAPO-37, X沸石, β 沸石, ZSM-3, ZSM-4 , ZSM-18 , ZSM-20 , MCM-9 , MCM-41 , MCM-41S, MCM-48, Υ型沸石, USY, REY, REUSY等。 该催化 剂适用裂化石脑油、 重质烃油生产丙烯。
随着对低碳烯烃需求量的进一步增加,. 人们希望开发一种烃类催 化转化方法, 该方法表现出更强的烃类转化能力, 更高的低碳烯烃产 率, 特别是更高的丙烯产率。 发明内容
本发明就是鉴于以上现有技术的发展状况而提出的, 其目的是提 供一种将烃类更高选择性地催化转化为低碳烯烃的方法。
本发明人通过刻苦的研究发现, 当烃类转化催化剂中包含特定的 改性 β沸石作为催化剂组分时, 可以使 c2〜c12烯烃的选择性得到显著 提高, 从而有利于进一步裂化生成低碳烯烃 (c2 ~ c4烯烃) , 在使用 以此改性 β沸石作为活性组分而制备的烃类转化催化剂进行烃类催化 转化时, 就能够从该烃类以更高的选择性生产低碳烯烃, 从而完成了 本发明。
为了实现该目的, 本发明提供了一种烃类催化转化方法, 该方法 包括以下步驟:
使烃类原料在催化剂可移动的反应器内与烃类转化催化剂接触进 行催化裂化反应, 然后将反应产物与待生催化剂从所述反应器中引出 后进行分离, 分离出的待生催化剂经过汽提, 再通过烧焦再生后返回 反应器内循环使用, 分离出的反应产物经分馏而得到低碳烯烃、 汽油、 柴油、 重油及其它低分子饱和烃类,
其中所述烃类转化催化剂, 以所述烃类转化催化剂的总量为基 准, 含有 1 - 60 重量%的沸石混合物、 5 ~ 99 重量%的耐热无机氧化 物和 0 ~ 70重量%的粘土, 并且其中, 以所述沸石混合物的总量计, 所述沸石混合物中含有 1~75 重量%的由磷和过渡金属 M 改性的 β 沸石、 25~99重量%的具有 MFI结构的沸石和 0~74重量%的大孔 沸石, 其中, 所述由碑和过渡金属 Μ 改性的 β 沸石的无水化学表达 式以氧化物所占的质量百分率表示时为: (0~0.3) Na20- ( 0.5 - 10 ) Α1203· ( 1.3 - 10 ) Ρ205· ( 0.7 ~ 15 ) MxOy- ( 64 ~ 97 ) Si02, 其中, 所 述过渡金属 M选自 Fe、 Co, Ni、 Cu、 Mn、 Zn和 Sn中的一种或几 种, x表示所述过渡金属 M的原子数, y表示满足所述过渡金属 M氧 化态所需的一个数。
具体而言, 本发明涉及以下方面的内容:
1. 一种烃类催化转化方法, 该方法包括以下步骤-.
使烃类原料在催化剂可移动的反应器内与烃类转化催化剂接触以 进行催化裂解反应, 然后将反应产物和待生催化剂从所述反应器中引 出后进行分离, 分离出的待生催化剂经汽提, 再通过烧焦再生后返回 反应器内循环使用, 分离出的反应产物分馏而得到低碳烯烃、 汽油、 柴油、 重油及其它低分子饱和烃类,
其中所述烃类转化催化剂, 以所述烃类转化催化剂的总量为基 准, 含有 1~60%的沸石混合物、 5 ~ 99%的耐热无机氧化物和 0~70 %的粘土, 并且其中, 以所述沸石混合物的总量计, 所述沸石混合物 中含有 1~ 75%的由磷和过渡金属 M改性的 β沸石、 25 ~ 99%的具有 MFI结构的沸石和 0 ~ 74 %的大孔沸石,
其中, 所述由磷和过渡金属 Μ 改性的 β 沸石的无水化学表达式 以氧化物所占的质量百分率表示时为: (0~0.3) Na20- ( 0.5 - 10 ) Α1203· ( 1.3 ~ 10 ) Ρ205· ( 0.7 - 15 ) MxOy- (64-91) Si02,
其中, 所述过渡金属 M选自 Fe、 Co, Ni、 Cu、 Mn、 Zn和 Sn 中的一种或几种, x表示所述过渡金属 M的原子数, y表示满足所述 过渡金属 M氧化态所需的一个数。
2. 按照方面 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于以所述烃类转 化催化剂的总量为基准, 所述催化剂含有 10~50 重量%的所述沸石 混合物、 10~70重量%的所述耐热无机氧化物和 0~ 60重量%的所述 粘土。
3. 按照方面 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述的由磷和 过渡金属 M改性的 β沸石的无水化学表达式为: (0~0.2)Na2O'(l~ 9 ) Α1203· ( 1.5 - 7 ) P2Os- ( 0.9 - 10 ) MxOy- ( 75 ~ 95 ) Si02
4. 按照方面 3 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述的由磷和 过渡金属 M改性的 β沸石的无水化学表达式为: ( 0 ~ 0.2 ) Na20- ( 1 ~ 9 ) Α1203· ( 2 - 5 ) Ρ205· ( 1 - 3 ) MxOy- ( 82 ~ 95 ) Si02
5. 按照方面 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述的过渡金 属 M选自 Fe、 Co、 Ni和 Cu中的一种或几种。
6. 按照方面 5 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述的过渡金 属 M选自 Fe和 /或 Cu。
7. 按照方面 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述具有 MFI 结构的沸石选自 ZSM-5和 ZRP系列沸石中的一种或几种。
8. 按照方面 Ί 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述具有 MFI 结构的沸石选自含稀土的 ZRP沸石、 含磷的 ZRP沸石、 含磷和稀土 的 ZRP沸石、含磷和碱土金属的 ZRP沸石以及含磷和过渡金属的 ZSP 沸石中的一种或几种。
9. 按照方面 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述大孔沸石 选自八面沸石、 L沸石、 β沸石、 Ω沸石、 丝光沸石和 ZSM-18沸石 中的一种或几种。
10. 按照方面 9 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述大孔沸石 选自 Υ型沸石、 含鱗和 /或稀土的 Υ型沸石、 超稳 Υ沸石以及含磷和 / 或稀土的超稳 Υ沸石中的一种或几种。
11. 按照方面 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述粘土选自 高岭土、 多水高岭土、 蒙脱土、 硅藻土、 埃洛石、 皂石、 累托土、 海 泡石、 凹凸棒石、 水滑石和膨润土中的一种或几种。
12. 按照方面 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述粘土选自 高岭土、 多水高岭土和蒙脱土中的一种或几种。
13. 按照方面 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述反应器选 自流化床反应器、 提升管反应器、 下行式输送线反应器和移动床反应 器中的一种或几种, 或其任意的组合形式。
14. 按照方面 13 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述提升管 反应器选自等直径提升管反应器、 等线速提升管反应器和变直径提升 管反应器中的一种或几种。
15. 按照方面 13 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述的流化 床反应器选自固定流化床反应器、 散式流化床反应器、 鼓泡床反应器、 湍动床反应器、 快速床反应器、 输送床反应器和密相流化床反应器中 的一种或几种。
16. 按照方面 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于在所述反应器 中进行所述催化裂解反应时的操作条件为: 反应温度为 480-650TC , 反应区的绝压为 0.15-0.3MPa, 所述烃类原料的重时空速为 0.2-4011 。
17. 按照方面 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述烃类原料 选自 C4烃类、 汽油、 柴油、 加氢尾油、 减压瓦斯油、 原油和渣油中 的一种或几种的混合物。
18. 按照方面 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于在进行所述催 化裂解反应的过程中向所述反应器中注入稀释剂, 以降低所述烃类原 料的分压, 其中所述稀释剂选自水蒸汽、 低碳烷烃和氮气中的一种或 几种, 或其几种的混合物。
19. 按照方面 18 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述稀释剂 为水蒸汽, 并且所述水蒸汽与所述烃类原料的重量比为 0.01-2:1。
根据本发明的烃类催化转化方法, 使用了以特定改性 β沸石和具 有 MFI 结构的沸石为必要活性组分的烃类转化催化剂, 从而表现出 更高的烃类转化能力, 和更高的低碳烯烃产率 (更高的低碳烯烃选择 性) , 特别是丙烯的产率更高。 如实施例 33所示, 在反应温度为 600 °C,剂油重量比为 10,重时空速为 41T1的条件下,原料转化率为 94.6%, C2-C4烯烃产率为 42.5% , 其中丙烯产率为 21.9%。 具体实施方式
为了能够以更高的选择性从烃类生产低碳烯烃, 本发明提供了一 种烃类催化转化方法, 该方法包括以下步骤:
使烃类原料在催化剂可移动的反应器内与烃类转化催化剂接触以 进行催化裂化反应, 然后将反应产物和待生催化剂从所述反应器中引 出后进行分离, 分离出的待生催化剂经过汽提, 再通过烧焦再生后返 回反应器内循环使用, 分离出的反应产物经分馏而得到低碳烯烃、 汽 油、 柴油、 重油及其它低分子饱和烃类,
其中所述烃类转化催化剂 (以下有时称为本发明烃类转化催化 剂), 以所述烃类转化催化剂的总量为基准, 含有 1 ~ 60 重量%的沸 石混合物、 5 ~ 99 重量%的耐热无机氧化物和 0 ~ 70重量%的粘土, 并且其中, 以所述沸石混合物的总量计, 所述沸石混合物中含有 1 ~ 75 重量%的由磷和过渡金属 M改性的 β沸石、 25 ~ 99重量%的具有 MFI 结构的沸石和 0 ~ 74重量%的大孔沸石, 其中, 所述由磷和过渡金属 Μ改性的 β沸石的无水化学表达式以氧化物所占的质量百分率表示时 为: ( 0 ~ 0.3 ) Na20- ( 0.5 - 10 ) Α1203· ( 1.3 ~ 10 ) Ρ205· ( 0.7 ~ 15 ) MxOy- ( 64 - 97 ) Si02, 其中, 所述过渡金属 M选自 Fe、 Co, Ni Cu、 Mn、 Zn和 Sn中的一种或几种, x表示所述过渡金属 M的原子数, y 表示满足所述过渡金属 M氧化态所需的一个数。
在本发明上下文中, 所述术语 "低碳烯烃" 指的是 C2 ~ C4烯烃, 除非有特殊的说明。
在进行本发明提供的烃类催化转化方法时, 所采用的反应器例如 可以选自流化床反应器、 提升管反应器、 下行式输送线反应器、 移动 床反应器、 由提升管反应器与流化床反应器构成的复合反应器、 由提 升管反应器与下行式输送线反应器构成的复合反应器、 由两个或两个 以上的提升管反应器构成的复合反应器、 由两个或两个以上的流化床 反应器构成的复合反应器、 由两个或两个以上的下行式输送线反应器 构成的复合反应器以及由两个或两个以上的移动床反应器构成的复合 反应器。 另外, 上述每种反应器可以根据需要分成两个或两个以上的 反应区。
其中, 所述的提升管选自等直径提升管反应器、 等线速提升管反 应器和变直径提升管反应器中的一种或几种。 所述流化床反应器选自 固定流化床反应器、 散式流化床反应器、 鼓泡床反应器、 湍动床反应 器、 快速床反应器、 输送床反应器和密相流化床反应器中的一种或几 种。
在本发明提供的烃类催化转化方法中, 所述烃类原料选自 C4烃 类、 汽油、 柴油、 加氢尾油、 减压瓦斯油等石油镏分中的一种或几种, 或这些石油馏分的混合馏分, 也可以直接使用原油和渣油。
在本发明烃类催化转化方法的一个优选实施方案中, 以所述烃类 转化催化剂的总量为基准, 所述烃类转化催化剂含有 10 - 50 重量% 的所述沸石混合物、 10 ~ 70重量%的所述耐热无机氧化物和 0 ~ 60重 量%所述粘土。 以下对本发明的烃类转化催化剂及其制备方法进行详细说明。 首先对作为本发明烃类转化催化剂必要组分之一的所述改性 β沸 石进行说明。
所述的由磷和过渡金属 Μ 改性的 β 沸石的无水化学表达式以氧 化物所占的质量百分率表示时, 优选的范围是: (0 ~ 0.2 ) Na20' ( 1 ~ 9 ) Α1203· ( 1.5 - 7 ) Ρ205· ( 0.9 - 10 ) MxOy- ( 75 ~ 95 ) Si02, 更优选 的范围是( 0 ~ 0.2 )Na20-( 1 ~ 9 )Α1203·( 2 - 5 )Ρ205·( 1 ~ 3 )MxOy-( 82 ~ 95 ) Si02
在优选的实施方案中, 所述的过渡金属 M选自 Fe、 Co、 Ni和 Cu 中的一种或几种, 更优选选自 Fe和 /或 Cu。
本发明提供的烃类转化催化剂中, 所述具有 MFI结构的沸石为具 有 pentasil结构的高硅沸石, 选自 ZSM-5和 ZRP系列沸石中的一种或几 种, 特别是选自含稀土的 ZRP沸石 (CN1052290A、 CN1058382A, US5232675 ) 、 含碑的 ZRP沸石 ( CN1194181A、 US5951963 ) 、 含磷 和稀土的 ZRP沸石 ( CN1147420A ) 、 含磷和碱土金属的 ZRP沸石 ( CN1211469A, CN1211470A, US6080698 ) 以及含磷和过渡金属的 ZSP沸石 (CN1465527A、 CN1611299A ) 中的一种或几种。
所述大孔沸石为具有至少 0.7 纳米环开口的孔状结构的沸石, 比 如选自 Y型沸石、 L沸石、 β沸石、 Ω沸石、 丝光沸石和 ZSM-18沸 石中的一种或几种, 特别是可选自 Υ型沸石、 含磷和 /或稀土的 Υ型 沸石、 超稳 Υ沸石以及含磷和 /或稀土的超稳 Υ沸石中的一种或几种。
另外, 所述具有 MFI 结构的沸石和所述大孔沸石可以采用市售 品, 也可以采用本领域公知的各种方法进行制备, 在此不赘述。
所述由磷和过渡金属 Μ 改性的 β 沸石可以采用各种方法进行制 备, 比如可以举出, (1 )在合成 β 沸石的过程中引入磷和所述过渡 金属 Μ, 或者(2 )在合成 ρ 沸石后采用铵交换、 磷改性、 所述过渡 金属 Μ改性及焙烧处理等步骤来引入磷和所述过渡金属 Μ。
举例而言, 所述由磷和过渡金属 Μ 改性的 β 沸石可以按照如下 方法制备。 即, 将常规晶化所得的钠型 β沸石按照 |3沸石: 铵盐: Η20 = 1: ( 0.1 ~ 1 ) : ( 5 - 10 ) 的重量比在室温至 ΙΟΟΌ下交换 0.5 ~ 2 小时后过滤, 并将此交换过程重复 1 ~ 4次, 使 β沸石上的 Na20含量 小于 0.2 重量%, 然后, 采用浸渍或离子交换的方法, 在交换后的 P 沸石中引入磷和选自 Fe、 Co、 Ni、 Cu、 Mn、 Zn、 Sn 中的一种或几 种的过渡金属 M对该 β沸石进行改性,接着干燥之, 然后在 400 ~ 800 °C下焙烧 0.5 ~ 8小时, 该焙烧过程也可以在水蒸汽气氛下进行, 由此 就可以制备所述由磷和过渡金属 M改性的 β沸石。
在制备所述改性 β 沸石时, 所述的引入磷和过渡金属 Μ对该沸 石进行的改性过程比如可以按照本领域的常规方法采用浸渍或离子交 换方式进行。
其中, 所述浸渍的方法可以采用如下三种方式之一进行:
a. 将铵交换后的 P沸石滤饼与计算量的含磷化合物的水溶液在 室温至 95Ό下打浆均勾后烘干, 在 400 ~ 800°C条件下焙烧后, 再与 计算量的含选自 Fe、 Co、 Ni、 Cu、 Mn、 Zn和 Sn中的一种或几种过 渡金属 M的化合物的水溶液在室温至 95Ό下混合均匀, 然后干燥之; b. 将铵交换后的 β沸石滤饼与计算量的含磷化合物的水溶液在 室温至 95Ό下打浆均匀后烘干, 再与计算量的含选自 Fe、 Co、 Ni、 Cu、 Mn、 Zn和 Sn中的一种或几种过渡金属 M的化合物的水溶液在 室温至 95°C下混合均勾后干燥之, 其中也可以将上述两种溶液的浸渍 顺序颠倒; 和
c. 将铵交换后的 β沸石滤饼与计算量的含鱗化合物与含选自 Fe、 Co、 Ni、 Cu、 Mn、 Zn和 Sn 中的一种或几种过渡金属 M的化合物 的混合水溶液在室温至 95 下混合均勾后干燥之。
所说的离子交换方式比如可以举出以下方法。
将铵交换后的 β沸石滤饼与计算量的含碑化合物的水溶液在室温 至 95°C下打浆均勾后烘干, 在 400 ~ 800Ό条件下焙烧后, 再与计算 量的含选自 Fe、 Co、 Ni、 Cu、 Mn、 Zn和 Sn中的一种或几种过渡金 属 M的化合物的水溶液按 1: ( 5 - 20 )的固液比混合均勾后, 在 80 ~ 95°C下搅拌 2 ~ 3 小时后过滤, 该交换可重复多次, 将交换后所得样 品用水洗涤多次, 然后干燥即可。
在制备所述改性 β沸石时, 所说的铵盐为本领域铵交换处理中常 用的无机铵盐, 比如选自氯化铵、 硫酸铵和硝酸铵之一或它们的混合 物。
在制备所述改性 β沸石时, 所述的含磷化合物选自碑酸、 磷酸氢 铵、 磷酸二氢铵和碑酸铵之一或其混合物 D 在制备所述改性 β沸石时, 所说的含选自 Fe、 Co、 Ni、 Cu、 Mn、 Zn和 Sn 中的一种或几种过渡金属 M 的化合物选自它们相应的水溶 性盐, 而所说的水溶性盐选自硫酸盐、 硝酸盐和氯化盐中的一种或几 种0
在制备所述改性 β沸石时, 所述的干燥或烘干可以采用常规的方 式进行, 并且干燥或烘干温度可以是室温至 350 , 优选为 100 ~ 200 V 。 所述焙烧温度为常规的焙烧温度, 一般来说为 400 ~ 800Ό , 优选 为 450 ~ 700。C。
在制备所述改性 β沸石时, 对所用的起始 β沸石并没有特别的限 定, 可以采用本领域常用的那些, 也可以采用市售品, 还可以按照本 领域公知的方法进行制备而荻得。 在优选的实施方案中, 所述起始 β 沸石为钠型 β沸石。 如果所述钠型 Ρ沸石中含有有机模板剂, 则应该 在脱除模板剂后再进行如上的操作。 而且, 该钠型 β沸石中的钠含量 应该保证符合最终得到的含有磷和所述过渡金属 Μ 的 β 沸石的无水 化学表达式中对钠含量的要求。 如果不符合要求, 可以采用铵交换的 方法除去该起始钠型 β沸石中的钠。 从这一角度来说, 在制备所述改 性 β沸石时, 所述铵交换步骤并不是必须的。
在制备所述改性 Ρ沸石时, 所采用的设备和条件控制方法等也没 有特别的限制, 可以采用本领域常规的那些。
接着, 对作为本发明烃类转化催化剂另一必要组分的耐热无机氧 化物进行说明。
对所述耐热无机氧化物没有限定, 但优选选自通常用作裂化催化 剂基质和粘结剂组分的耐热无机氧化物中的一种或几种, 比如可举出 氧化铝、 氧化硅和无定型硅铝中的一种或几种。 这些耐热无机氧化物 及其制备方法是本领域技术人员所公知的。 这些耐热无机氧化物可以 采用市售品, 也可以采用本领域公知的方法由所述耐热无机氧化物的 前身物制得。
另外, 在制备本发明的烃类转化催化剂时, 可以直接使用所述耐 热无机氧化物的前身物来代替所述耐热无机氧化物。 因此, 术语 "耐 热无机氧化物" 包括耐热无机氧化物本身和 /或这些耐热无机氧化物的 前身物。
这里所说的耐热无机氧化物前身物指的是在本发明烃类转化催化 剂制备过程中能形成所述耐热无机氧化物的物质。 具体举例而言, 所 述氧化铝的前身物可选自水合氧化铝和 /或铝溶胶; 所述水合氧化铝比 如可以选自一水软铝石 (薄水铝石) 、 假一水软铝石 (拟薄水铝石) 、 三水合氧化铝和无定形氢氧化铝中的一种或几种; 而所述氧化硅的前 身物比如可选自硅溶胶、 硅凝胶和水玻璃中的一种或几种。 进一步地, 所述无定形硅铝的前身物可选自硅铝溶胶、 硅溶胶和铝溶胶的混合物 以及硅铝凝胶中的一种或几种。 这些耐热无机氧化物的前身物及其制 备方法也是本领域技术人员所公知的。
在本发明的烃类转化催化剂中, 作为任选组分, 还可以含有粘土。 对所述粘土没有特别的限定, 但优选选自通常用作裂化催化剂活性组 分的粘土中的一种或几种, 比如可举出高岭土、 多水高岭土、 蒙脱土、 硅藻土、 埃洛石、 皂石、 累托土、 海泡石、 凹凸棒石、 水滑石和膨润 土中的一种或几种。 粘土优选选自高岭土、 多水高岭土和蒙脱土中的 一种或几种。 这些粘土及其制备方法为本领域技术人员所公知, 也可 以采用其市售品。
作为本发明的烃类转化催化剂的制备方法, 可以举出以下方法, 但本发明并不限于此。
将全部或一部分所述耐热无机氧化物和 /或其前身物与水混合打 浆, 然后向所得浆液中加入或不加入所述粘土, 此时可以进一步向其 中加入剩余部分的所述耐热无机氧化物和 /或其前身物, 然后向所得浆 液中加入所述改性 |3沸石, 混合打浆均勾后, 干燥得到的浆液, 然后 焙烧之。 其中, 在加入所述改性 p沸石之前, 在加入所述粘土之前或 之后, 还向所得浆液中加入酸, 将所述浆液的 pH值调节为 1 ~ 5。 在 pH值达到规定范围之后, 在 30 ~ 90°C的温度下老化所得浆液 0.1 ~ 10 小时; 所述老化结束后, 加入剩余部分的所述耐热无机氧化物和 /或其 前身物。
在本发明的烃类转化催化剂的制备方法中, 所述粘土可以在所述 老化步骤之前或所述老化步骤之后加入, 该粘土的加入顺序对本发明 烃类转化催化剂的性能没有影响。
在制备本发明提供的烃类转化催化剂时, 在老化步骤之前, 可以 加入全部或一部分所述耐热无机氧化物和 /或其前身物, 但为了使该催 化剂具有更好的耐磨性能, 优选在进行所述老化步驟之前, 先加入一 部分所述耐热无机氧化物和 /或其前身物, 然后在老化步骤结束之后再 加入剩余部分的所述耐热无机氧化物和 /或其前身物。 在后一种情况 中, 先加入的部分与后加入的部分的重量比为 1: 0.1 ~ 10, 更优选为 1: 0.1 ~ 5。
在制备本发明的烃类转化催化剂时, 为了调节浆液的 pH值, 向 其中加入酸。 所述酸选自可溶于水的无机酸和有机酸中的一种或几 种, 优选选自盐酸、 硝酸、 磷酸以及碳原子数为 1 ~ 10 的羧酸中的一 种或几种。 所述酸的用量以使浆液的 pH值为 1 ~ 5, 优选为 1.5 ~ 4 为准。
在本发明的烃类转化催化剂的制备方法中, 所述老化的条件优选 为在温度 40 - 80 °C下老化 0.5 ~ 8小时。
所述浆液的干燥方法和条件为本领域技术人员所公知, 例如, 干 燥的方法可以是晾干、 烘干、 鼓风干燥或喷雾干燥, 优选喷雾干燥。 干燥温度可以是室温至 400Ό , 优选为 100 ~ 350°C:。 为了便于喷雾干 燥, 干燥前浆液的固含量优选为 10 ~ 50重量%, 更优选为 20 ~ 50重 量0 /0
浆液干燥后, 所述焙烧条件也为本领域技术人员所公知, 一般来 说, 所述焙烧温度为 400 ~ 700Ό, 优选为 450 ~ 650°C, 焙烧时间至 少为 0.5小时, 优选为 0.5 ~ 100小时, 更优选为 0.5 ~ 10小时。
在制备了本发明的烃类转化催化剂后, 就可以利用它来进行本发 明的烃类催化转化方法了。
在本发明提供的烃类催化转化方法中, 在所述反应器中进行所述 催化裂解反应时的操作条件为: 反应温度为 480 ~ 650 Ό, 优选在 500〜620°C,反应区的压力 (绝压)为 0.15〜0.3MPa, 优选 0.2〜0.3MPa。 所述烃类原料的重时空速为 0.2 ~ 401^, ^ i 3 - 3
在本发明提供的烃类催化转化方法中, 为降低烃类原料的分压, 在进行所述催化裂解反应的过程中可以向所述反应器中注入选自水蒸 汽、 氮气和低碳烷烃等的稀释剂, 其中, 优选水蒸汽, 并且水蒸汽与 烃类原料的重量比优选为 0.01-2:1。
在本发明烃类催化转化方法的一个可选方案中, 所述反应产物与 待生催化剂 (使用过的所述烃类转化催化剂)一起从所述反应器中引 出后进行分离, 分离出的该待生催化剂经过汽提, 再通过烧焦再生后 返回所述反应器内循环使用, 而分离出的该反应产物则进行所述的分 馏, 以得到所述的低碳烯烃、 汽油、 柴油、 重油及其它低分子饱和烃 类。
在本发明提供的烃类催化转化方法中, 所述反应产物和所述待生 催化剂一起从所述反应器中引出后, 经分离器 (比如旋风分离器)分 离。 将分离出的催化剂再经过一个汽提段, 用水蒸汽或其它气体汽提 出催化剂上吸附的烃类产物。 在一个可选的实施方案中, 将经过汽提 的该催化剂利用流化技术输送到再生器中,与含氧气体在比如 650-720 °0的温度下接触, 使该催化剂上沉积的焦炭氧化烧掉而使该催化剂得 到再生, 然后将该再生的催化剂返回到所述反应器中以供循环使用。 将分离出的所述反应产物 (任选包括在汽提段获得的所述烃类产物) 经常规的方法进行分馏后, 得到气体(包括干气和液化气) 、 汽油、 柴油和重油及其它低分子饱和烃类。 通过已有的分离技术就可以从所 述气体中分离出所述低碳烯烃, 包括乙烯、 丙烯、 丁烯及其它组分等。
本发明提供的烃类催化转化方法的优点为: 通过使用以特定改性 β沸石和具有 MFI结构的沸石为必要活性组分的烃类转化催化剂, 表 现出更高的石油烃转化能力, 更高的低碳烯烃产率, 特别是更高的丙 烯产率。 实施例
下面的实施例将对本发明做进一步地说明, 但并不因此而限定本 发明。
实施例 1 ~ 10说明含磷和过渡金属 Μ的改性 β沸石及其制备方 法。 其中, 各个改性 β沸石样品中 Na20、 Fe203、 Co203、 NiO、 CuO、 Mn203、 ZnO、 Sn02、 A1203和 Si02的含量用 X射线荧光法测定(参 见《石油化工分析方法 (RIPP 实验方法) 》 , 杨翠定等编, 科学出 版社, 1990年出版) 。
以下所用试剂, 除特别说明的以外, 均为化学纯试剂。 实施例 1
将 100g (干基) p 沸石 (齐鲁催化剂厂生产, Si02/Al203=25 ) 用 NH4C1溶液交换洗涤至 Na20含量低于 0.2重量%, 过滤得滤饼; 加入 6.8gH3P04 (浓度 85% )与 3.2gCu(N03)2'3H20溶于 90g水中, 与滤饼混合浸渍烘干; 所得样品在 550°C焙烧处理 2 小时, 得到含磷 和过渡金属铜的改性 β 沸石 Bl。 B1 的无水化学表达式为: 0.1Na2O'8.2AI2O3'4.0P2O5'1.0CuO'86.7SiO2。 实施例 2
将 100g (干基) β沸石用 NH4C1溶液交换洗涤至 Na20含量低 于 0.2重量% ,过滤得滤饼;加入 12.5gH3P04(浓度 85% )与 6.3gCuCl2 溶于 90g 水中, 与滤饼混合浸渍烘干; 所得样品在 550°C焙烧处理 2 小时, 得到含碑和过渡金属铜的改性 β沸石 Β2。 Β2的无水化学表达 式为: 0.1Na2O'7.0Al2O3'6.9P2Os'3.5CuO'82.5SiO2。 实施例 3
将 100g (干基) β沸石用 NH4C1溶液交换洗涤至 Na20含量低 于 0.2重量%, 过滤得滤饼; 将 4.2gNH4H2P04溶于 60g水中, 与滤 饼混合浸渍烘干、 经 550Ό焙烧处理 2小时; 将上述样品按固液比 1:5 的比例与浓度为 5%的 Cu(N03)2溶液在 80 ~ 90°C下交换 2小时,过滤, 再交换若干次, 直至达到目标量, 再在 550Ό焙烧处理 2 小时, 得到 含磷和过渡金属铜的改性 β 沸石 Β3。 Β3 的无水化学表达式为: 0.03Na2O'2.0Al2O3'2.5P2O5'2.1CuO'93.4SiO2。 实施例 4
将 100g (干基) β沸石用 NH4C1溶液交换洗涤至 Na20含量低 于 0.2 重量% , 过滤得滤饼; 加入 7.1gH3P04 (浓度 85% ) 与 8.1gFe(N03)3-9H20 溶于 90g 水中, 与滤饼混合浸渍烘干; 所得样品 在 550°C焙烧处理 2小时, 得到含磷和过渡金属铁的改性 P沸石 B4。 B4 的 无 水 化 学 表 达 式 为 : 0.1Na2O'6.0Al2O3'4.1P2Os'1.5Fe2O3'88.3SiO2。 实施例 5
将 100g (干基) β沸石用 NH4C1溶液交换洗涤至 Na20含量低 于 0.2 重量%, 过滤得滤饼; 加入 10.3gH3PO4 (浓度 85% ) 与 39.6gCo(N03) ·6Η20溶于 90g水中, 与滤饼混合浸渍烘干; 所得样品 在 550Ό焙烧处理 2小时, 得到含磷和过渡金属钴的改性 P沸石 B5。 B5 的 无 水 化 学 表 达 式 为 : 0.1Na206.7Al203'5.4P205'9.6Co203'78.2Si02。 实施例 6
将 100g (干基) β沸石用 NH4C1溶液交换洗涤至 Na20含量低 于 0.2 重量%, 过滤得滤饼; 加入 7.5gH3P04 (浓度 85% ) 与 6.7gNi(N03)2-6H20溶于 90g水中, 与滤饼混合浸渍烘干; 所得样品在 550Ό焙烧处理 2小时, 得到含磷和过渡金属镍的改性 β沸石 Β6。 Β6 的无水化学表达式为: 0.08Na2O'6.0Al2O3'4.3P2O5'1.8MO'87.8SiO2。 实施例,
将 100g (干基) β沸石用 NH4C1溶液交换洗涤至 Na20含量低 于 0.2 %,过滤得滤饼;加入 6.9gH3P04 (浓度 85% )与 16.1gMn(N03)2 溶于 90g水中, 与滤饼混合浸渍烘干; 所得样品在 550Ό焙烧处理 2 小时, 得到含磷和过渡金属锰的改性 β沸石 Β7。 Β7的无水化学表达 式为: 0.09Na2O'1.9AI2O3'3.8P2O5'6.4Mn2O3'87.8SiO2。 实施例 8
将 100g (干基)晶化产品 β沸石用 NH4C1溶液交换洗涤至 Na20 含量低于 0.2 % , 过滤得滤饼; 加入 2.5gH3P04 (浓度 85% ) 与 6.1gZn(N03)2-6H20 溶于 90g 水中, 与滤饼混合浸渍烘干; 所得样品 在 550°C焙烧处理 2小时, 得到含磷和过渡金属辞的改性 β沸石 Β8。 Β8 的 无 水 化 学 表 达 式 为 : 0.15Na2O 1.3Al2O3 1.5P2Os 1.6ZnO'95.8SiO2。 实施例 9
将 100g (干基) p沸石用 NH4C1溶液交换洗涤至 Na20含量低 于 0.2 % ,过滤得滤饼;加入 7.1gH3P04 (浓度 85% )与 4.2gSnCl4'5H20 溶于 90g水中, 与滤饼混合浸渍烘干; 所得样品在 550Ό焙烧处理 2 小时, 得到含磷和过渡金属锡的改性 P沸石 B9。 B9的无水化学表达 式为: 0.11Na2O'6.3Al2O3'4.1P2Os'1.7SnO2'87.8SiO2。 实施例 10
将 100g (干基) β沸石用 NH4C1溶液交换洗涤至 Na20含量低 于 0.2 %,过滤得滤饼;加入 7.1gH3P04(浓度 85% ),3.2gCu(N03)2-3H20 和 5.3gFe(N03)3'9H20溶于 90g水中, 与滤饼混合浸渍烘干; 所得样 品在 550Ό焙烧处理 2小时, 得到含碑和过渡金属铜、 铁的改性 β沸 石 B10 。 B10 的 无 水 化 学 表 达 式 为 : 0.11Na2O-5.9Al2O3-4.1P2O5-1.0CuO-1.0Fe2O3-87.9SiO2o 实施例 11~20说明本发明烃类催化转化方法中使用的烃类转化 催化剂及其制备方法, 在制备该催化剂的过程中所采用的原料说明如 下:
粘土:
多水高岭土 苏州瓷土公司工业产品, 其固含量为 71.6%;
高岭土 苏州高岭土公司工业产品, 其固含量为 76%;
蒙脱土 浙江丰虹粘土化工有限公司工业产品, 其固含量 为 95%。
耐热无机氧化物或其前身物:
拟薄水铝石 山东铝厂工业产品, 其固含量为 62.0%;
铝溶胶 齐鲁催化剂厂生产, 其 A1203含量为 21.5%;
硅溶胶 北京化工厂出品, 其氧化硅含量为 16.0%。
所用的大孔沸石均由齐鲁催化剂厂生产, 其工业牌号分别为:
DASY2.0, 物化参数为: 晶胞常数为 2.446 纳米, Na20含量为 1.1 %, 稀土氧化物 RE203含量为 2.0%, 其中, 氧化镧含量为 1.06% , 氧化铈含量为 0.26%, 其它稀土氧化物含量为 0.68%;
USY, 物化参数为: 晶胞常数为 2.445纳米, Na20含量为 0.36%;
DASY0.0,物化参数为: 晶胞常数为 2.443纳米, Na20含量为 0.85
% ;
DASY6.0, 物化参数为: 晶胞常数为 2.451纳米, Na20含量为 1.6 %, 稀土氧化物 RE203含量为 6.2%, 其中, 氧化镧含量为 3.29%, 氧化铈含量为 0.81 %, 其它稀土氧化物含量为 2.10%; REHY, 物化参数为: 晶胞常数为 2.465纳米, Na20含量为 3.2 %, 稀土氧化物 RE203含量为 7.0%, 其中, 氧化镧含量为 3.71%, 氧化铈含量为 0.91%, 其它稀土氧化物含量为 2.38%。
所用的具有 MFI 结构的沸石均由齐鲁催化剂厂生产, 其工业牌 号分别为:
ZSP-2, 其中 SiO2/Al2O3=70, Na20含量为 0.03 % , P205含量为 4.9%, Fe203含量为 2.1%;
ZRP-1, 其中 SiO2/Al2O3=30, Na20含量为 0.17%, 稀土氧化物 RE203含量为 1.4%, 其中, 氧化镧含量为 0.84%, 氧化铈含量为 0.18 %, 其它稀土氧化物含量为 0.38%;
ZSP-1, 其中 SiO2/Al2O3=30, Na20含量为 0.1 %, P205含量为 2.0 %, Fe203含量为 0.9%;
ZRP-5, 其中 SiO2/Al2O3=50, Na20含量为 0.05 % , P205含量为 4.0%。 实施例 11
将 6.3Kg 多水高岭土加入到 25.0Kg脱阳离子水中, 打浆, 再加 入 4.0Kg拟薄水铝石, 用盐酸将其 pH调至 2, 搅拌均匀, 在 70 下 静置老化 1小时, 加入 1.4Kg铝溶胶(老化前后加入的耐热无机氧化 物或其前身物的重量比为 1: 0.12) , 搅拌均匀, 加入 0.6Kg (干基) 改性 β沸石 Bl、 0.6Kg (干基)超稳 Y沸石 DASY O和 l.5Kg (干 基)具有 MFI结构的沸石 ZSP-2 的混合物, 与水打浆得到的 7.7Kg 浆液, 搅拌均匀, 得到固含量为 22.5重量%的浆液, 将得到的浆液在 250°C的温度下喷雾干燥成型为直径为 20 ~ 150微米的颗粒, 在 550Ό 下焙烧 2小时, 得到催化剂 Cl。 C1的组成见表 1。 实施例 12
按实施例 11 的方法制备催化剂, 不同的是用等量的改性 β 沸石 Β2代替 Bl, 得催化剂 C2。 C2的组成见表 1。 实施例 13
按实施例 11 的方法制备催化剂, 不同的是用等量的改性 β 沸石 B4代替 Bl, 得催化剂 C3。 C3的组成见表 1。 实施例 14
按实施例 11 的方法制备催化剂, 不同的是用等量的改性 β 沸石 B10代替 Bl, 得催化剂 C4。 C4的组成见表 1。 对比例 1
本对比例说明含有未经磷和过渡金属改性的 β沸石的参比催化剂 及其制备方法。
按实施例 11 的方法制备催化剂, 不同的是用未经磷和过渡金属 改性的 β 沸石 (同实施例 1 )代替 Bl, 得到参比催化剂 CB1。 CB1 的组成见表 1。 对比例 2
本对比例说明不含 P沸石的参比催化剂及其制备方法。
按实施例 11 的方法制备催化剂, 不同的是不加入 β 沸石, 超稳
Υ沸石的用量为 1.2Kg (干基) , 得到参比催化剂 CB2。 CB2的组成 见表 1。
Figure imgf000022_0001
实施例 15
在 12.5Kg脱阳离子水中加入 4.0Kg拟薄水铝石, 用硝酸将其 pH 调至 2, 搅拌均匀, 在 50Ό下静置老化 5小时, 得到老化后的产物。
在 2.5Kg脱阳离子水中, 加入 2.3Kg铝溶胶(老化前后加入的耐 热无机氧化物或其前身物的重量比为 1: 0.2 ) , 再加入 4.0Kg高岭土 打浆, 搅拌均勾, 加入上述老化后的产物, 再加入 0.5Kg (干基) 改 性 β沸石 B3、 2.5Kg (干基)超稳 Y沸石 USY和 l.OKg (干基)具 有 MFI结构的沸石 ZRP-1的混合物,与脱阳离子水打浆得到的 11.4Kg 浆液, 搅拌均匀, 得到固含量为 27.2重量%的浆液, 在 220°C下, 将 得到的浆液喷雾干燥成型为直径为 20 ~ 150微米的颗粒, 在 520Ό下 焙烧 4小时, 得到催化剂 C5。 C5的组成见表 2。 实施例 16
在 18.0Kg脱阳离子水中加入 3.9Kg高岭土和 l.lKg蒙脱土打浆, 再加入 4.0Kg拟薄水铝石 (耐热无机氧化物前身物均在老化前加入), 用盐酸将其 pH调至 3, 搅拌均匀, 在 60°C下静置老化 2小时, 加入 2.0Kg (干基)含碑和过渡金属钴的改性 β 沸石 B5、 0.5Kg (干基) 含稀土氢 Y沸石 REHY和 l.OKg (干基)具有 MFI结构的沸石的混 合物, 与水打浆得到的 lO.OKg 浆液, 搅拌均匀, 得到固含量为 27.0 重量%的浆液,在 280Ό下,将得到的浆液喷雾干燥成型为直径为 20 ~ ΙδΟ微米的颗粒, 于 580Ό焙下烧 2.5小时, 得到催化剂 C6。 C6的组 成见表 2。 实施例 17
在 17.8Kg脱阳离子水中, 加入 4.2Kg 多水高岭土打浆, 再加入 4.0Kg拟薄水铝石, 用盐酸将其 pH调至 3.5, 搅拌均匀, 在 75" 下静 置老化 0.5小时, 加入 2.3Kg铝溶胶(老化前后加入的耐热无机氧化 物或其前身物的重量比为 1: 0.2 ) , 搅拌均匀, 加入 l.OKg (干基) 含鱗和过渡金属镍的改性 β沸石 B6、 1.0Kg(干基)超稳 Y沸石 DASY0.0 和 2.0Kg (干基)具有 ΜΪΊ结构的沸石 ZSP-1的混合物, 与水打浆得 到的 11.4Kg浆液, 搅拌均匀, 得到固含量为 25.2重量%的浆液, 在 250Ό下, 将得到的浆液喷雾干燥成型为直径为 20 ~ 150微米的颗粒, 于 600°C下焙烧 1小时, 得到催化剂 C7。 C7的组成见表 2。 实施例 18
在 20.0Kg脱阳离子水中, 加入 4.9Kg 多水高岭土打浆, 再加入 4.0Kg拟薄水铝石, 用盐酸将其 pH调至 3.5, 搅拌均匀, 在 75°C下静 置老化 0.5小时, 加入 2.3Kg铝溶胶(老化前后加入的耐热无机氧化 物或其前身物的重量比为 1: 0.2 ) , 搅拌均匀, 加入 0.2Kg (干基) 含磷和过渡金属锰的改性 β沸石 B7、 0.8Kg(干基)超稳 Y沸石 DASY2.0 和 2.5Kg (干基)具有 MFI结构的沸石 ZSP-1的混合物, 与水打浆得 到的 lO.OKg浆液, 搅拌均匀, 得到固含量为 24.3重量%的浆液, 在 250°C下, 将得到的浆液喷雾干燥成型为直径为 20 ~ 150微米的颗粒, 于 600Ό下焙烧 1小时, 得到催化剂 C8。 C8的组成见表 2。 实施例 19
在 15.6Kg脱阳离子水中, 加入 3.5Kg 多水高岭土打浆, 再加入 4.0Kg拟薄水铝石, 用盐酸将其 pH调至 4, 搅拌均匀, 在 60Ό下静 置老化 1小时, 加入 4.7Kg铝溶胶(老化前后加入的耐热无机氧化物 或其前身物的重量比为 1: 0.4 ) , 搅拌均匀, 加入 0.5Kg (干基) 的 改性 p沸石 B8、 0.5Kg (干基)超稳 Y沸石 DASY6.0和 3.0Kg (干 基)具有 MFI结构的沸石 ZRP-5的混合物, 与水打浆得到的 11.4Kg 浆液, 搅拌均匀, 得到固含量为 25.5重量%的浆液, 在 220 下, 将 得到的浆液喷雾干燥成型为直径为 20 ~ 150微米的颗粒, 550Ό焙烧 2 小时, 得到催化剂 C9。 C9的组成见表 2。 实施例 20
在 12.0Kg脱阳离子水中, 加入 3.2Kg拟薄水铝石打浆, 用盐酸 将其 pH调至 3,搅拌均匀,在 55Ό下静置老化 6小时,再加入 21.9Kg 硅溶胶, 和 2.3Kg铝溶胶(老化前后加入的耐热无机氧化物或其前身 物的重量比为 1: 2 ) , 搅拌均匀, 加入 l.OKg (干基) 改性 β沸石 B9 和 3.0Kg (干基)具有 MFI结构的沸石 ZRP-5的混合物, 与水打浆 得到的 11.4Kg浆液, 搅拌均匀, 得到固含量为 19.7重量%的桨液, 在 250°C下, 将得到的浆液喷雾干燥成型为直径为 20 ~ 150微米的颗 粒, 于 550Ό下焙烧 2小时, 得到催化剂 C10。 C10的组成见表 2。 表 2
Figure imgf000025_0001
实施例 21 ~ 24
实施例 21 ~ 24说明采用本发明提供的烃类转化催化剂进行烃类 催化转化方法时的效果。
将催化剂 C1 ~ C4在 800 , 用 100 %水蒸汽老化 14小时, 使用 小型固定流化床反应装置, 反应器中催化剂的装量为 180克, 在反应 温度为 560°C, 剂油重量比为 10, 重时空速为 4 小时―1的条件下, 通 入减压瓦斯油和水蒸汽的混合物 (水蒸汽的量为减压瓦斯油的 25 重 量% )分别评价采用老化后的催化剂进行烃类催化转化时的效果, 减 压瓦斯油的性质见表 3, 评价结果见表 4。 对比例 3-4
对比例 3-4 说明采用参比催化剂进行烃类催化转化方法时的效 果。 按实施例 21 的方法使用相同的原料油分别评价采用参比催化剂
CB1和 CB2时的效果, 结果见表 4。
表 3
原料油名称 减压瓦斯油 常压渣油
密度 (20°C),克 /厘米 3 0.8764 0.8906
粘度(8(TC ),亳米 2/秒 12.06 24.84
沥青质,重量% - 0.8
康氏残炭,重量% 0.93 4.3
馏程, °C
IBP 246 282
10体积% 430 370
30体积% 482 482
50体积% 519 553
70体积% 573 ( 75.2体积% ) -
90体积% 一 -
FBP - - 表 4
实 施 实 施 实 施 实 施 对 比 对 比 实施例编号
例 21 例 22 例 23 例 24 例 3 例 4 催化剂 C1 C2 C3 C4 CB1 CB2 转化率 90.2 90.0 90.4 90.7 88.7 88.1 产品分布,重量%
干气 10.0 10.5 10.1 10.1 9.1 8.6 液化气 45.4 44.6 45.8 46.1 44.0 43.6 汽油 22.4 22.3 22.2 21.7 23.9 24.7 柴油 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.9 6.2 重油 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.0 5.4 5.7 焦炭 12.4 12.6 12.3 12.8 11.7 11.2 其中, 乙烯 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.1 4.7 其中, 丙稀 18.5 18.3 18.8 19.1 18.0 17.9 其中, 丁烯 12.8 12.7 12.9 12.8 12.2 11.9 表 4 的结果说明, 与采用在相同条件下老化且沸石含量相同、 但 该沸石未经改性的参比催化剂 CB1的烃类催化转化方法相比, 本发明 提供的烃类催化转化方法的重油裂化能力提高 1.3〜2 个百分点, 液化 气产率提高 0·6〜2·1个百分点, 低碳烯烃 (C2 = +C3 = +C4 = ) 的产率提 高 1~2个百分点; 与采用不含 β沸石的参比催化剂 CB2的烃类催化 转化方法相比, 本发明提供的烃类催化转化方法的重油裂化能力提高 1.9-2.6个百分点, 液化气产率提高 1.0 2.5个百分点, 低碳烯烃 (C2 一一 +C3 = +C4= ) 的产率提高 1.8 ~ 2.8个百分点。 实施例 25 ~ 30
实施例 25 ~ 30说明在不同反应条件下的反应结果。
将催化剂 C5~C10在 800°C, 用 100%水蒸汽老化 17小时, 使 用小型固定流化床反应装置, 反应器中催化剂的装量为 180克, 通入 常压渣油分别评价老化后的催化剂, 常压渣油的性质见表 3, 反应条 件和产品分布见表 5。 实施例 31-33
实施例 31-33说明不同反应温度下烃类裂解情况。
将催化剂 C4在 800C, 用 100%水蒸汽老化 14小时, 装入小型 固定流化床装置的反应器中, 催化剂装量为 180克, 在不同反应温度, 剂油重量比为 10, 重时空速为 41T1的条件下, 通入表 3所示减压瓦斯 油和水蒸汽的混合物, 水蒸汽的量为减压瓦斯油重量的 25%, 结果见 表 6。 实施例 34-36
实施例 34-36说明不同重时空速下烃类裂解情况。
将催化剂 C4在 800Ό, 用 100%水蒸汽老化 14小时, 装入小型 固定流化床装置的反应器中, 催化剂装量为 180克, 在反应温度 560 V, 剂油重量比为 10, 不同重时空速的条件下, 通入表 3所示减压瓦 斯油和水蒸汽的混合物, 水蒸汽的量为减压瓦斯油重量的 25%, 结果 见表 7。 实施例 37-39
实施例 37-39说明不同剂油重量比下烃类裂解情况。
将催化剂 C4在 800Ό , 用 100 %水蒸汽老化 14小时, 装入小型 固定流化床装置的反应器中,催化剂装量为 180克,在反应温度为 560 °C , 重时空速为 4 小时 -1, 不同剂油重量比的条件下, 通入表 3 所示 减压瓦斯油和水蒸汽的混合物, 水蒸汽的量为减压瓦斯油重量的 25 % , 结果见表 8。 表 5
实 施 实 施 实 施 实 施 实 施 实 施 实施例编号
例 25 例 26 例 27 例 28 例 29 例 30 催化剂 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 反应温度, °c 520 520 580 580 620 620 剂油重量比 10 10 10 10 10 10 重时空速, 小时— 1 10 10 15 15 20 20 水蒸汽的量为常压渣油
12.5 12.5 25 25 37.5 37.5 的重量百分数, %
转化率 79.5 78.9 85.6 83.4 86.5 86.6 产品分布, %
干气 5.6 5.5 10.3 9.8 12.7 12.6 液化气 21.9 21.8 39.8 40.7 43.2 42.5 汽油 43.4 43.1 23.3 22.4 18.3 18.1 柴油 14.0 14.1 9.9 10.3 8.6 8.6 重油 6.5 7.0 4.5 6.3 4.9 4.8 焦炭 8.6 8.5 12.2 10.5 12.3 13.4 其中, 乙烯 1.5 1.4 5.2 5.1 6.8 6.8 其中, 丙烯 6.5 6.7 13.5 16.7 21.6 21.1 其中, 丁烯 6.2 7.0 12.8 12.5 14.3 14.6 表 6
Figure imgf000029_0001
表 7
实施例编号 实施例 34 实施例 35 实施例 36 催化剂 C4 C4 C4 重时空速, 小时— 1 4 8 12 转化率 90.7 89.9 88.9 产品分布, %
干气 10.1 9.5 8.9 液化气 46.1 43.5 41.4 汽油 21.7 24.8 27.1 柴油 5.3 5.6 6.2 重油 4.0 4.5 4.9 焦炭 12.8 12.1 11.5 其中, 乙烯 5.4 5.1 4.7 其中, 丙稀 19.1 18.6 18.1 其中, 丁烯 12.8 12.4 11.9 表 8
实施例编号 实施例 37 实施例 38 实施例 39 催化剂 C4 C4 C4
剂油重量比 10 15 20
转化率 90.7 91.4 92.1 产品分布, %
干气 10.1 10.6 11.1 液化气 46.1 46.7 47.2 汽油 21.7 20.8 20.1 柴油 5.3 5 4.6
重油 4 3.6 3.3
焦炭 12.8 13.3 13.7 其中, 乙烯 5.4 5.5 5.7
其中, 丙稀 19.1 19.3 20.1 其中, 丁烯 12.8 13.2 13.4

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种烃类催化转化方法, 该方法包括以下步骤:
使烃类原料在催化剂可移动的反应器内与烃类转化催化剂接触以 进行催化裂解反应, 然后将反应产物和待生催化剂从所述反应器中引 出后进行分离, 分离出的待生催化剂经汽提, 再通过烧焦再生后返回 反应器内循环使用, 分离出的反应产物分馏而得到低碳烯烃、 汽油、 柴油、 重油及其它低分子饱和烃类,
其中所述烃类转化催化剂, 以所述烃类转化催化剂的总量为基 准, 含有 1~60%的沸石混合物、 5 ~ 99%的耐热无机氧化物和 0~70 %的粘土, 并且其中, 以所述沸石混合物的总量计, 所述沸石混合物 中含有 1~ 75%的由磷和过渡金属 M改性的 β沸石、 25 ~ 99%的具有 MFI结构的沸石和 0 ~ 74 %的大孔沸石,
其中, 所述由磷和过渡金属 Μ 改性的 β 沸石的无水化学表达式 以氧化物所占的质量百分率表示时为: (0~0.3) Na20- ( 0.5 - 10 ) Α1203· ( 1.3 - 10 ) Ρ205· ( 0.7 - 15 ) MxOy- ( 64 ~ 97 ) Si02,
其中, 所述过渡金属 M选自 Fe、 Co、 Ni、 Cu、 Mn、 Zn和 Sn 中的一种或几种, x表示所述过渡金属 M的原子数, y表示满足所述 过渡金属 M氧化态所需的一个数。
2. 按照权利要求 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于以所述烃 类转化催化剂的总量为基准, 所述催化剂含有 10-50 重量%的所述 沸石混合物、 10~70重量%的所述耐热无机氧化物和 0~60重量%的 所述粘土。
3. 按照权利要求 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述的由 磷和过渡金属 M 改性的 P沸石的无水化学表达式为: (0~0.2) Na20- (1-9) Α1203· (1.5-7) Ρ205· ( 0.9 ~ 10 ) MxOy- ( 75 ~ 95 ) Si02
4. 按照权利要求 3 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述的由 磷和过渡金属 M 改性的 β 沸石的无水化学表达式为: (0~0.2) Na20- (1-9) Α1203· (2-5) Ρ205· (1-3) MxOy- ( 82 ~ 95 ) Si02
5. 按照权利要求 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述的过 渡金属 M选自 Fe、 Co、 Ni和 Cu中的一种或几种。
6. 按照权利要求 5 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述的过 渡金属 M选自 Fe和 /或 C Q
7. 按照权利要求 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述具有 MFI结构的沸石选自 ZSM-5和 ZRP系列沸石中的一种或几种。
8. 按照权利要求 7 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述具有 MFI结构的沸石选自含稀土的 ZRP沸石、 含磷的 ZRP沸石、 含磷和 稀土的 ZRP沸石、 含磷和碱土金属的 ZRP沸石以及含磷和过渡金属 的 ZSP沸石中的一种或几种。
9. 按照权利要求 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述大孔 沸石选自八面沸石、 L沸石、 β 沸石、 Ω沸石、 丝光沸石和 ZSM-18 沸石中的一种或几种。
10. 按照权利要求 9 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述大孔 沸石选自 Υ型沸石、 含碑和 /或稀土的 Υ型沸石、 超稳 Υ沸石以及含 磷和 /或稀土的超稳 Υ沸石中的一种或几种。
11. 按照权利要求 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述粘土 选自高岭土、 多水高岭土、 蒙脱土、 硅藻土、 埃洛石、 皂石、 累托土、 海泡石、 凹凸棒石、 水滑石和膨润土中的一种或几种。
12. 按照权利要求 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述粘土 选自高岭土、 多水高岭土和蒙脱土中的一种或几种。
13. 按照权利要求 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述反应 器选自流化床反应器、 提升管反应器、 下行式输送线反应器和移动床 反应器中的一种或几种, 或其任意的组合形式。
14. 按照权利要求 13 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述提 升管反应器选自等直径提升管反应器、 等线速提升管反应器和变直径 提升管反应器中的一种或几种。
15. 按照权利要求 13 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述的 流化床反应器选自固定流化床反应器、 散式流化床反应器、 鼓泡床反 应器、 湍动床反应器、 快速床反应器、 输送床反应器和密相流化床反 应器中的一种或几种。
16. 按照权利要求 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于在所述反 应器中进行所述催化裂解反应时的操作条件为: 反应温度为 480-650 TC, 反应区的绝压为 0.15-0.3MPa, 所述烃类原料的重时空速为 0.2- 4011-1
17. 按照权利要求 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述烃类 原料选自 C4烃类、 汽油、 柴油、 加氢尾油、 减压瓦斯油、 原油和渣 油中的一种或几种, 或其几种的混合物。
18. 按照权利要求 1 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于在进行所 述催化裂解反应的过程中向所述反应器中注入稀释剂, 以降低所述烃 类原料的分压, 其中所述稀释剂选自水蒸汽、 低碳烷烃和氮气中的一 种或几种, 或其几种的混合物。
19. 按照权利要求 18 的烃类催化转化方法, 其特征在于所述稀 释剂为水蒸汽, 并且所述水蒸汽与所述烃类原料的重量比为 0.01-2:1。
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