WO2007145215A1 - 微粒子担持カーボン粒子およびその製造方法ならびに燃料電池用電極 - Google Patents
微粒子担持カーボン粒子およびその製造方法ならびに燃料電池用電極 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- Fine particle-supporting carbon particles Fine particle-supporting carbon particles, production method thereof, and fuel cell electrode
- the present invention relates to a fine particle-supported carbon particle and a method for producing the same, and more particularly, a fine particle carrying perovskite-type composite metal oxide fine particles in which noble metal fine particles are present throughout the whole particle of a high-temperature bubskite-type oxide particle.
- the present invention relates to supported carbon particles, a production method thereof, and a fuel cell electrode comprising the particles.
- metal particles, alloy particles, metal oxide particles and the like supported on carrier particles are widely used as various catalysts such as deodorizing, antibacterial, automobile exhaust gas purification, fuel cells, NOx reduction, and the like.
- the carrier particles in this case, metal oxides such as titanium oxide, acid zirconium, acid iron, acid nickel, acid cobalt and the like, carbon and the like are mainly used.
- a catalyst using conductive carbon particles as a carrier is effective as an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that platinum particles supported on corrosion-resistant oxide particles such as cerium oxide and zirconium oxide are supported on a carbon carrier to suppress aggregation of the platinum particles. It is described that it can.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 noble metal particles such as platinum are supported on the surface of the perovskite-type titanate oxide particles, and a paste of the noble metal-supported oxide oxide is applied on the carbon film to form an electrode medium.
- the perovskite type titanic acid oxide works as a co-catalyst to improve its catalytic ability.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a NOx contact catalyst in which this is supported on a support.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that these perovskite-type composite metal oxides supported on a noble metal such as Pt, Pd, and Rh have excellent catalytic action even at high temperatures exceeding 500 ° C. Are listed.
- Patent Document 6 Known examples using such a liquid phase method include Patent Document 6 and Patent Document 7.
- Patent Document 6 carbon particles carrying platinum supported thereon are dispersed in a mixed solution of another predetermined metal salt, and the hydroxide of the metal is added to the carbon particles by an alkali agent.
- alloy particles platinum, molybdenum, nickel, iron, 4 elemental alloy particles
- the supported alloy fine particles are about 3 nm or more.
- Patent Document 7 in obtaining particles in which vanadium pentoxide is supported on carbon, an organic solvent is added to the organic vanadium solution to solvate it to produce an organic complex. A method is adopted in which this is adsorbed and supported on carbon. In this case, vanadium pentoxide supported on carbon is amorphous.
- Patent Document 8 describes a method of supporting metal oxide particles on a carbon-based material by plasma treatment using microwaves. Specific examples of this are examples in which acid titanium, acid nickel, and cobalt oxide are supported on carbon. It is stated that it can be done. According to this method, a metal oxide that has been difficult to be supported on carbon due to high acid temperature and burning of carbon as a support is supported on a carbon-based support. be able to. The However, special equipment is required for plasma processing.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-363056
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-50759
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-50760
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-5-261289
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-269578
- Patent Document 6 JP-A-5-217586
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-36303
- Patent Document 8 JP-A-11-28357
- the conventional metal particles, alloy particles, metal oxide particles, or those in which these are supported on the carrier particles are used as electrode catalysts for fuel cells or the like.
- the corrosion resistance is still not sufficient.
- the platinum particles are deteriorated due to CO poisoning of the metal platinum particles in the process of use and the atmosphere at a temperature of 100 ° C or higher is repeated.
- the catalytic ability was remarkably lowered because of the inability to completely prevent the sticking and grain growth between each other.
- using this type of electrode catalyst with the current amount of platinum is not only disadvantageous in terms of cost, but also causes platinum depletion, so the amount of platinum used must be reduced. Has become an urgent issue.
- the catalyst in which the oxide particles and the noble metal particles are supported on the carrier particles is a known substance, and the specific perovskite-type composite metal oxide is an exhaust gas purifier. It can also be said that it is a known material that is used as a catalyst.
- composite particles in which noble metal particles are present throughout the entire surface including the surface and inside of the perovskite-type composite metal oxide particles are dispersedly supported on the carbon support. What has been obtained so far is to mainly use various metal oxide particles (hereinafter simply referred to as “oxide particles”) as a co-catalyst for improving the catalytic ability of the noble metal particles.
- noble metal particles themselves act as the outermost surface of the catalyst or as a promoter. It is the first to express catalytic ability by being present on the outermost surface (hereinafter also simply referred to as the outermost surface) of physical particles (carrier particles). On the other hand, noble metal particles are present on the outermost surface.
- the corrosion of precious metal particles due to acid poisoning or CO poisoning could not be prevented.
- the reason why the noble metal particles are arranged on the outermost surface in spite of such problems is to ensure contact between the noble metal particles and the reactive gas in order to make the noble metal particles exhibit their catalytic ability effectively. It is also the power that was needed. That is, when the oxide particles completely cover the periphery of the noble metal particles, the contact between the noble metal particles and the reaction gas is lost, and the function of the catalyst is not achieved.
- the present invention addresses the above problems, and can be used as an alternative material for platinum-supported carbon particles and metal platinum particles that are currently commonly used in fuel cell electrode catalysts and the like. It is an object of the present invention to provide fine particle-supported carbon particles having excellent corrosion resistance and a method for producing the same, which can significantly reduce the amount of platinum, which is a valuable resource, as compared with such conventional platinum-supported carbon particles.
- noble metal elements having a catalytic function to prevent corrosion of precious metal particles (typically platinum fine particles) due to acid poisoning and CO poisoning, etc., and improve corrosion resistance are only on the outermost surface.
- the perovskite-type oxide particles are present throughout the perovskite-type oxide particles to form composite particles of the oxide and metal, and the perovskite-type oxide particles containing such noble metal particles are supported on the surface of the carbon particles. Adopt the configuration.
- the fine particle-supported carbon particles of the present invention have perovskite-type composite metal oxide fine particles and noble metal fine particles supported on carbon particles.
- the crystallite size is 1 to 20 nm, and the particle diameter is smaller than the perovskite particles over the whole without distinguishing the inside and the surface of the powdered buxite-type oxide particles! /
- a precious metal fine particle for example, platinum fine particle is present.
- the velovskite-type composite metal oxide fine particles completely cover the noble metal fine particles without any gaps (schematically shown in Fig. 3), for example, (1) not only the surface of the particles but also the inside.
- so-called noble metal particles are arranged in the gaps of the particle structure. It is configured to be included.
- the precious metal fine particles exist throughout the particle structure does not include the case where the precious metal fine particles exist only on the particle surface (including the surface in the pores), and at least the precious metal fine particles are present inside the particle from the particle surface. It means to exist.
- the present inventors synthesize a mixed complex ion solution of metal constituting the perovskite type composite metal oxide fine particles and noble metal fine particles, and adsorb them on the carbon particle surfaces. After that, it was found that by carrying out heat treatment, the noble metal particle-containing bottom buxite oxide fine particles can be supported on the carbon particles while maintaining the monodispersed state up to the primary particles.
- a solution containing perovskite-type composite metal oxide fine particles and metal complex ions constituting noble metal particles is prepared, and then obtained.
- the carbon particles are impregnated with the obtained solution and dried, and the metal complex ions are adsorbed onto the carbon particles, and then heat treatment is performed.
- the weight of the precious metal fine particles is 1 to 20% by weight with respect to the fine particles of the velovskite complex metal oxide,
- the perovskite-type composite metal oxide fine particles have a crystallite size of 1 to 20 nm, and noble metal fine particles having a particle diameter smaller than that of the perovskite-type oxide particles over the entire perovskite-type oxide particles. Fine particles characterized by existing fine particles Child-supporting carbon particles.
- the perovskite-type composite metal oxide fine particles are represented by the general formula ABO:
- A is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, strontium, cerium, calcium, yttrium, erbium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, magnesium, norlium,
- the noble metal fine particles are platinum, ruthenium, palladium, a metal composed of one or more noble metal elements whose group power is selected, or the one or more noble metal elements and iron, cobalt, manganese, copper, titanium, [2]
- the loading amount of the above-mentioned mouthbskite-type composite metal oxide fine particles and noble metal fine particles is a weight ratio (“weight of the velovskite-type composite metal oxide fine particles and noble metal fine particles” / “the total weight of the fine particle-supported carbon particles”).
- the fine particle-supporting carbon particles according to any one of [1] and [3], which are 5 to 50% by weight.
- the average particle size of the carbon particles carrying the above-mentioned mouthbskite-type composite metal oxide fine particles and noble metal fine particles is 20 to 70 nm, [1] N! And [3]! Fine particle-supported carbon particles.
- a solution containing metal and noble metal complexions constituting the fine particles of the velovskite complex metal oxide is prepared, and then the step of impregnating the obtained solution into carbon particles and drying is repeated.
- a method comprising applying heat treatment after adsorbing the complex ions to carbon particles.
- a method for producing the particulate-supported carbon particles according to [1] First, a solution containing metal and noble metal complexions constituting the fine particles of the velovskite complex metal oxide is prepared, and then the step of impregnating the obtained solution into carbon particles and drying is repeated.
- the complex ions are adsorbed on the carbon particles, they are dried in a low-humidity atmosphere, and further heat-treated in an inert gas,
- a method comprising depositing and supporting composite metal oxide fine particles having a velovskite structure on the surface of carbon particles.
- a fuel cell electrode comprising the particulate-supported carbon particles according to [1] to [6].
- a solution containing complex ions of metal (perovskite-type composite metal oxide fine particles and metal constituting noble metal fine particles to be obtained) is prepared in advance, and carbon particles are impregnated with this solution. Then, by repeating the drying process, the metal complex ions are adsorbed on the surface of the carbon particles, and this is adsorbed in a low-humidity atmosphere. Or may be realized by raising the temperature in the range of 90 ° C. or lower.) By drying the metal oxide fine particle precursor on the surface of the carbon particles, heat treatment is performed. To produce fine particle-supporting carbon particles.
- the crystallite size is in the range of lnm to 20nm and noble metal fine particles are spread over the entire particle, which is impossible with the conventional manufacturing method.
- the contained velovskite complex oxide fine particles can be supported on the carbon support while maintaining the monodispersed state up to the primary particles.
- the fine particle-supported carbon particles of the present invention are functional materials that can be used for electrode catalysts such as fuel cells.
- the noble metal fine particles that are effective as an electrode catalyst for fuel cells are contained not only on the outermost surface but also throughout the entire particle including the inside of the particles of the velovskite-type composite metal oxide particles, It is possible to prevent corrosion of noble metal fine particles in the process of use, and noble metal fine particles do not adhere to each other and do not grow and become an electrode catalyst with excellent durability. Can be expected.
- FIG. 1 A concept schematically showing a state where perovskite-type composite metal oxide particles in which noble metal fine particles are present are supported on carbon particles throughout the perovskite-type acid oxide particles.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram schematically showing a state in which noble metal fine particles and metal oxide particles are independently supported on carbon particles.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram schematically showing a state in which noble metal fine particles completely covered with metal oxide particles are supported on carbon particles.
- FIG. 4 As an example of application of fine particle-supported carbon particles according to the present invention to an electrode catalyst, a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a solid oxide fuel cell produced using the fine particle-supported carbon particles is generally shown. It is sectional drawing which shows a typical structure typically.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- FIG. 7 shows carbon particles carrying lOnm LaFeO ZPt particles prepared in Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an XPS spectrum of Pt.
- Membrane electrode assembly BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- a solution containing is prepared.
- the metal represented by A includes lanthanum (La), strontium (Sr), cerium (Ce), calcium (Ca), yttrium (Y), erbium, praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd) , Samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), magnesium (Mg), norium (Ba), and other divalent or trivalent metal elements, selected from one or more of these elements
- the element is not particularly limited as long as it can form a perovskite structure.
- the metal represented by B is iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), manganese ( ⁇ ), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), niobium (Nb) ), Lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), molybdenum (Mo), etc.
- Precious metal fine particles contained in the perovskite particles (metal oxide particles) constituting the perovskite type composite metal oxide particles that is, the precious metal existing over the whole structure of the above-mentioned perovskite type composite metal oxide particles.
- the fine particles include platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), and gold (Au). Among these, one or more of these elements or these noble metal elements are used.
- Transition metal elements Iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), niobium (Nb), It is selected from alloys with lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), molybdenum (Mo), etc., but when used as a catalyst for fuel cell electrodes, it may contain at least Pt. preferable.
- the amount of the precious metal fine particles supported is preferably 1 to 20% by weight based on the perovskite type composite metal oxide fine particles.
- the catalyst performance will be manifested because the weight of the precious metal relative to the carbon particles as the carrier becomes too small, and if it is more than this, the catalyst performance will be manifested.
- the metal complex include inorganic complexes such as a chloride complex and an amine nitrate complex.
- the metal complex examples include complexes containing organic substances such as a taenoic acid complex, a malic acid complex, and a picolinic acid complex.
- a metal element such as a rubidium salt or a cesium salt
- the purpose is It is not preferable that an external metal element is contained in the solution.
- the taenoic acid complex and malic acid complex are particularly preferred U because the adsorption efficiency to the carbon particle surface is good and the metal elements are cross-linked to facilitate the formation of a base bskite structure.
- carbon particles having an average particle diameter of 20 to 70 nm are impregnated with the solution containing the complex ions of the metal.
- the carbon particles are not particularly limited.
- acetylene black such as Denka Black (registered trademark) manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo
- furnace carbon such as Vulcan (registered trademark) manufactured by CABOT
- ketjen black Such carbon particles can be used as preferred particles.
- the average particle size of the carbon particles is determined from the average of 100 particles observed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph.
- the amount of the metal element contained in the solution is determined so that the total weight (fine particle support amount) of the velovskite-type composite metal oxide fine particles and noble metal fine particles in the fine particle-supported carbon particles as the final product is 5 to 50. Disperse the carbon particles so that the weight%. There is no problem if the amount of fine particles supported in the fine particle-supported carbon particles is less than 5% by weight. However, when used as a catalyst, the amount of platinum as a whole is small, so that the function may be manifested. There is.
- the amount of fine particles supported in the fine particle-supported carbon particles exceeds 50% by weight.
- the perovskite-type composite metal acid is not deposited on the carbon particle surface as a single layer. There is a risk of overlapping or aggregation of fine particles.
- the complex metal oxide particles and the metal complex ions constituting the noble metal particles are adsorbed on the surface of the carbon particles, and then dried, whereby the noble metal fine particle encapsulated bushite on the carbon particle surface.
- Type fine metal oxide precursor fine particles are deposited.
- the metal complex adsorbed on the surface of the carbon particles is in an ionic state and is dispersed at a molecular level in the solution, it can be adsorbed at the carbon adsorption point while maintaining this dispersed state.
- the atmosphere to be dried includes air or vacuum, and is not particularly limited, but air drying is preferable because it is the simplest and the lowest cost.
- the thus-obtained fine particle-supported carbon particles are subjected to a heat treatment.
- the heat treatment may be carried out in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon, and there is a risk that the carbon particles as a carrier will burn in an atmosphere where oxygen is present, and adsorption in a reducing atmosphere. This is not appropriate because the precursor particles formed may not be a velovskite-type composite metal oxide.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably in the range of 500 to 1000 ° C. The range of 50 to 700 ° C is more preferable. Since the most preferable heat treatment temperature depends on the crystallization temperature of the perovskite type composite metal oxide, it varies depending on what is selected as the constituent elements A and B.
- the perovskite structure is not formed at 500 ° C or lower, and the nano-sized perovskite complex metal oxide fine particles are retained by sintering at a high temperature of 1000 ° C or higher. It is difficult. In this sense, in each composition, it is most preferable to perform heat treatment at the lowest temperature for crystallization.
- the average particle size in which the fine-bushite complex metal oxide fine particles having a crystallite size in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm and precious metal fine particles existing over the entire particle structure are supported in a monodispersed state Is 20 ⁇ !
- a fine particle-supporting carbon particle of ⁇ 90 nm is obtained.
- the average particle size of the fine particle-supported carbon particles is obtained from the average of 100 particles observed in the TEM photograph.
- the crystallite size of the perovskite complex oxide particles is less than 1 nm, it is considered that the function as a catalyst is exhibited. To maintain a belobskite structure that is difficult to cause stable bonding due to too little This makes it difficult to hold and at the same time makes it difficult to produce it stably.
- the crystallite size exceeds 20 nm the characteristics as a catalyst are not lost, but the noble metal fine particles arranged in the deep part of the oxide particles are less likely to contribute to the catalytic reaction, and the performance as a catalyst. Tend to deteriorate.
- the crystallite size of the perovskite type composite metal oxide fine particles containing noble metal particles in the particles is preferably 1 to 20 nm.
- the average particle diameter of the supported fine particles can be obtained from the average crystallite size obtained from the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum in addition to the method for obtaining the average from the TEM photograph.
- the average crystallite size that causes a large measurement error when visually determining the particle size from a TEM photograph or the like.
- the size of the crystallites contained in the coarse particles may be measured. It is necessary to check whether the diameter is consistent with the particle size observed by TEM.
- the noble metal fine particles for example, platinum fine particles
- the noble metal fine particles are fine particles that exist not only on the surface of the oxide particle structure but also inside (see, for example, FIG. 1)
- TEM When observed in Fig. 1, only the oxide particles are observed, and the noble metal particles themselves cannot be separated and observed because they are integrated with the oxide. In such a case, identification of the crystal phase by X-ray diffraction (XRD) may be difficult.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- it is confirmed that the noble metal element contained is a metal by using a measuring means such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the surface composition analysis by XPS shows that the oxide particles and noble metal fine particles are uniformly present inside the particles. As a result, the existence ratio almost coincides with the existence ratio as a whole.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell.
- This membrane / electrode assembly 10 includes an air electrode 2 disposed on one side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 in the thickness direction.
- a fuel electrode 3 disposed on the other side, a gas diffusion layer 4 for the air electrode disposed outside the air electrode 2, and a gas diffusion layer 5 for the fuel electrode disposed outside the fuel electrode 3.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is a polyperfluorosulfonic acid resin membrane, specifically “Nafion” (product name) manufactured by DuPont, and “Flemion” (product name) manufactured by Asahi Glass.
- Catalyst-supported carbon particles, a polymer material, and a binder as necessary are mixed in a solvent having a lower alcohol such as ethanol or propanol as a main component, and a magnetic stirrer, ball mill, ultrasonic disperser, etc. Disperse using a general dispersing device to make a catalyst paint. At this time, the amount of the solvent should be adjusted so that the viscosity of the paint is optimized according to the application method. Next, the air electrode 2 or the fuel electrode 3 is formed using the obtained catalyst paint, and the following three methods (1) to (3) are generally used as the subsequent procedure. Can be mentioned. Any method can be used as the means for evaluating the fine particle-supporting carbon particles of the present invention, but it is important to unify and evaluate the production methods for any one of them when performing comparative evaluation.
- the electrode membrane is bonded to both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane by hot pressing or hot roll pressing, and then gas diffusion layers are arranged on both sides of the air electrode and the fuel electrode, respectively, and hot pressed to integrate them. Then, a membrane electrode assembly is produced.
- the obtained catalyst paint is applied to the air electrode gas diffusion layer and the fuel electrode gas diffusion layer, respectively, and dried to form the air electrode and the fuel electrode.
- the coating method is a spray coating or screen printing method. Next, these electrode films are formed.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between the gas diffusion layers and integrated by hot pressing to produce a membrane electrode assembly.
- the obtained catalyst paint is applied to both surfaces of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane by a method such as spray coating and dried to form an air electrode and a fuel electrode. After that, gas diffusion layers are arranged on both sides of the air electrode and the fuel electrode, and are hot-pressed to be integrated together to produce a membrane electrode assembly.
- a current collector plate (not shown) is provided on each of the air electrode 2 side and the fuel electrode 3 side for electrical connection.
- Lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (2.23 g), iron nitrate nonahydrate (2.08 g), and sodium chloride platinic acid hexahydrate (0.14 g) are dissolved in a mixed solution of 80 ml of water and 20 ml of ethanol.
- an aqueous solution containing a citrate complex ion of lanthanum, iron and platinum was prepared.
- Vulcan XC-72 registered trademark, carbon black manufactured by CABOT, average particle size of 30 nm, the same applies hereinafter
- carbon particles about an aqueous solution containing the above citrate complex ion.
- 2 ml was impregnated and dried at 90 ° C. After mixing this in a mortar, again impregnate 2 ml of the aqueous solution containing the citrate complex ion, dry at 90 ° C., and then repeat the mixing process in the mortar, and a total of 100 ml of the aqueous solution containing the citrate complex ion. And the complex compound was adsorbed on the Vulcan surface.
- carbon particles (powder) carrying lanthanum, iron and platinum compounds The carbon particles are heated in nitrogen at 600 ° C, washed with water, and LaFeO, which is a carbon particle carrying perovskite-type oxide fine particles containing platinum particles in the particles.
- Example 2 In the method for producing the fine particle-supporting carbon particles in Example 1, an aqueous solution containing lanthanum, iron and white gold citrate complex ions was prepared, and then impregnated with 5 g of norcan XC-72. LaFeO, a carbon particle carrying perovskite-type oxide fine particles containing platinum particles in the same manner as in 1.
- Example 1 a clear single-phase peak with a perovskite structure appears as in Example 1.
- Platinum was observed in the abundance ratio, and the state of platinum was confirmed to be a metal.
- Example 1 According to the method for producing the particulate-supported carbon particles of Example 1, 1.89 g of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate, 1.77 g of iron nitrate hydrate and 0.42 g of chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate, 80 ml of water and 20 ml of ethanol The platinum particles in the particles were the same as in Example 1 except that they were dissolved in the mixed solution.
- LaFeO is a carbon particle carrying perovskite-type acid oxide fine particles containing silicon
- Example 1 a clear single-phase peak with a perovskite structure appears as in Example 1.
- Platinum was observed at a ratio, and it was confirmed that the state of platinum was a metal.
- lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate 1.66 g, iron nitrate nonahydrate 1.55 g and chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate 0.70 g were dissolved in a mixture of 80 ml of water and 20 ml of ethanol in the same manner as in Example 1 except that platinum contained in the particles.
- the ratio was about 66Z34, and it was confirmed that the platinum state was a metal.
- Example 1 According to the method for producing the fine particle-supporting carbon particles of Example 1, a water Z ethanol solution containing complex ions of lanthanum and iron was prepared without adding 0.14 g of chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate. In the same manner as in Example 1, carbon particles were impregnated to obtain carbon particles (powder) carrying lanthanum and iron compounds. The carbon particles were heat-treated at 550 ° C. in nitrogen to obtain LaFeO-carrying carbon particles. Then, 0.14 g of salty platinic acid hexahydrate was added to ethanol
- An ethanol solution containing platinum ions was prepared by dissolving in 60 g of the catalyst, impregnated with oxide-supported carbon particles, dried at 60 ° C, heat-treated in hydrogen at 600 ° C, and then washed with water.
- the ratio was about 69Z31, and it was confirmed that the platinum state was a metal.
- carbon particles When the carbon particles were impregnated with the solution containing the complex ions of lanthanum and iron in the method for producing the fine particle-supported carbon particles of Comparative Example 2, the carbon particles were reinforced without using Vulcan XC-72. In contrast, carbon particles (powder) carrying lanthanum and iron compounds and gold particles were obtained by impregnating platinum-carrying carbon particles carrying platinum particles of 2.4 wt% (average particle diameter of platinum particles 5 nm). The carbon particles were calcined at 600 ° C in nitrogen to carry platinum particles Pt coated with the perovskite complex metal oxide LaFeO.
- a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell was prepared and used.
- the output characteristics of the fuel cell were investigated.
- the fine particle-supported carbon particles as described above are used for the electrode constituting the membrane electrode assembly (MEA)
- the oxide composition of the fine particle-supported carbon particles carbon Particles
- the composition of the acid oxide fine particles held is different. Therefore, in this example, for uniform evaluation, a particulate-supported carbon particle electrode film was used for the fuel electrode, and the standard electrode film shown below was used for the air electrode.
- a catalyst coating was prepared in the same manner as described above using a platinum-supporting carbon “10E50E” (trade name) manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. supporting 50% by mass of platinum.
- a standard electrode film was obtained by coating the platinum carrying amount to 0.5 mg / cm 2 , drying and peeling off.
- a polyperfluorosulfonic acid resin membrane “Nafionl 2” (trade name) manufactured by DuPont was cut into a predetermined size and used.
- the fine particle-supported carbon particle electrode film prepared above and the standard electrode film were superimposed on both sides of this solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and hot pressing was performed at a temperature of 160 ° C and a pressure of 4.4 MPa, and these were joined.
- a carbon non-woven fabric TGP-H-120, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.
- TGP-H-120 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.
- output characteristics (maximum output density in this case) as a fuel cell were measured.
- set up a measurement system that includes a membrane electrode assembly Hold at ° C and supply humidified 'heated hydrogen gas to the dew point of 60 ° C on the fuel electrode side, and supply humidified and heated air to the dew point of 60 ° C on the air electrode side. And measured.
- Table 2 shows the measurement results for the fine particle-supported carbon particles obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and Example 5 using these fine particle-supported carbon particles.
- the measurement results for each membrane electrode assembly fabricated in Section 1 are summarized.
- the supported particle size is the particle size of the supported oxide obtained from the average crystallite size
- the TEM observation particle size is the approximate particle size of the supported oxide visually confirmed by TEM observation. Indicates the average particle size of the fine particle-supported carbon particles obtained from the average number of 100 particles in the TEM photograph.
- Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were selected as those having typical compositions. Changes in physical properties in air were measured. In the measurement, each was subjected to an acid-soaking treatment in air at 150 ° C for 48 hours in advance.
- the fine particle-supported carbon particles of Comparative Example 2 had two phases of “perovskite structure + metal platinum structure” before the treatment, but after the treatment, “perovskite structure + metal platinum structure + platinum oxide ( PtO) ”was observed.
- a membrane / electrode assembly was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 using each fine particle-supported carbon particle after the acid / soaking treatment, and the output characteristics were evaluated.
- Table 3 summarizes the results of resistance evaluation against these oxidations and output characteristic evaluation.
- Comparative Example 1 an excessive amount of platinum was charged, and excessive platinum particles that could not be arranged in the oxide particles were separated and precipitated, and the presence frequency was low, but about 3 nm. Of platinum particles have been observed. In Comparative Example 2, it was observed that platinum particles were further supported on the carbon particles supporting the oxide particles, and the abundance ratio of platinum on the surface was much higher than that of the charge. It has become. In Comparative Example 3, since the perovskite-type complex oxide was supported on the surface of carbon particles supporting platinum particles of about 5 nm in size, the perovskite-type oxide covered the platinum. As a result, no platinum appears on the surface.
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EP07745111A EP2037518A4 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | CARBON PARTICLE COATED WITH FINE PARTICLES, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND ELECTRODE FOR FUEL CELL |
CA002655277A CA2655277A1 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | Carbon particle having deposited fine particles, process for producing the same, and electrode for fuel cell |
CN2007800218419A CN101467285B (zh) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | 载微粒碳粒子及其制造方法、以及燃料电池用电极 |
US12/304,462 US20090202869A1 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | Carbon particle having deposited fine particles, process for producing the same, and electrode for fuel cell |
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WO2017208761A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-12-07 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 電極触媒、その製造方法および当該電極触媒を用いた電極触媒層 |
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CN108821353A (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-16 | 济南大学 | 一种RuO2-LaFeO3纳米复合材料的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2655277A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
EP2037518A4 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
CN101467286A (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
CN101467285B (zh) | 2011-09-07 |
CN101467286B (zh) | 2012-04-11 |
CN101467285A (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
JP4875410B2 (ja) | 2012-02-15 |
EP2037518A1 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
JP2007335171A (ja) | 2007-12-27 |
US20090202869A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
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