JP2007335171A - 微粒子担持カーボン粒子およびその製造方法ならびに燃料電池用電極 - Google Patents
微粒子担持カーボン粒子およびその製造方法ならびに燃料電池用電極 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007335171A JP2007335171A JP2006164095A JP2006164095A JP2007335171A JP 2007335171 A JP2007335171 A JP 2007335171A JP 2006164095 A JP2006164095 A JP 2006164095A JP 2006164095 A JP2006164095 A JP 2006164095A JP 2007335171 A JP2007335171 A JP 2007335171A
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/0018—Mixed oxides or hydroxides
- C01G49/0054—Mixed oxides or hydroxides containing one rare earth metal, yttrium or scandium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/003—Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/006—Compounds containing, besides cobalt, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9033—Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
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Abstract
【解決手段】ペロブスカイト型酸化物粒子の全体にわたって貴金属微粒子が存在し、且つその結晶子サイズが1〜20nmであるペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子を、カーボン粒子に担持させた構成とする。このような微粒子担持カーボン粒子を製造する手段として、ペロブスカイト型複合酸化物微粒子および貴金属微粒子を構成する金属の錯イオンを含む溶液を調整し、次いで、得られた溶液をカーボン粒子に含浸させたのち乾燥させるという工程を繰り返すことにより、前記金属の錯イオンをカーボン粒子に吸着させた後、熱処理を施すという方法を採用する。
【選択図】図1
Description
(1)金属コロイド粒子を担体に吸着させる方法。
(2)金属塩水溶液中に担体粒子を分散させ、アルカリ剤により金属水酸化物を担体表面に沈着させる方法。
(3)あらかじめ微粒子を分散させた微粒子分散液から、微粒子を担体表面に固着させる方法。
硝酸ランタン六水和物2.23g、硝酸鉄九水和物2.08gおよび塩化白金酸六水和物0.14gを、水80ml/エタノール20mlの混合溶液に溶解し、2.16gのクエン酸を加え、ランタン、鉄および白金のクエン酸錯イオンを含む水溶液を調整した。
実施例1の微粒子担持カーボン粒子の作製方法において、ランタン、鉄および白金のクエン酸錯イオンを含む水溶液を調整した後、これを5gのバルカンXC−72に含浸させた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、粒子中に白金粒子を含むペロブスカイト型酸化物微粒子を担持させたカーボン粒子であるLaFeO3 /Pt担持カーボン粒子を得た。
実施例1の微粒子担持カーボン粒子の作製方法において、硝酸ランタン六水和物1.89g、硝酸鉄給水和物1.77gおよび塩化白金酸六水和物0.42gを、水80ml/エタノール20mlの混合溶液に溶解した以外は、実施例1と同様にして粒子中に白金粒子を含むペロブスカイト型酸化物微粒子を担持させたカーボン粒子であるLaFeO3 /Pt担持カーボン粒子を得た。
塩化ランタン七水和物1.85g、塩化鉄六水和物0.77g、塩化コバルト一水和物0.45gおよび塩化白金酸六水和物0.12gを、水80ml/エタノール20mlの混合溶液に溶解した以外は、実施例1と同様にして粒子中に白金粒子を含むペロブスカイト型酸化物微粒子を担持させたカーボン粒子である(Fe0.7 Co0.3 )O3 /Pt担持カーボン粒子を得た。
《LaFeO3 /Pt=70/30重量比、40重量%担持》
実施例1の微粒子担持カーボン粒子の作製方法において、硝酸ランタン六水和物1.66g、硝酸鉄九水和物1.55gおよび塩化白金酸六水和物0.70gを、水80ml/エタノール20mlの混合溶液に溶解した以外は、実施例1と同様にして粒子中に白金粒子を含むペロブスカイト型酸化物微粒子を担持させたカーボン粒子であるLaFeO3 /Pt担持カーボン粒子を得た。
《LaFeO3 /Pt=94/6重量比、計40重量%・別々に担持》
実施例1の微粒子担持カーボン粒子の作製方法において、塩化白金酸六水和物0.14gを加えずに、ランタンおよび鉄の錯イオンを含む水/エタノール溶液を作製し、これを実施例1と同様にカーボン粒子に含浸させ、ランタンおよび鉄の化合物を担持したカーボン粒子(粉末)を得、このカーボン粒子を窒素中550℃で加熱処理し、LaFeO3 担持カーボン粒子を得た。その後、塩化白金酸六水和物0.14gをエタノール60gに溶解し、白金イオンを含むエタノール溶液を作製し、これを酸化物担持カーボン粒子に含浸させ、60℃で乾燥させた後、水素中600℃で加熱処理した後、水洗し、ペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子であるLaFeO3 および白金微粒子Ptを担持したカーボン粒子を得た。
《LaFeO3 /Pt=94/6重量比、計40重量%・酸化物被覆担持》
比較例2の微粒子担持カーボン粒子の作製方法において、ランタンおよび鉄の錯イオンを含む溶液を、カーボン粒子に含浸させる際に、バルカンXC−72を使わずに、あらかじめカーボンに対して2.4重量%の白金粒子を担持した白金担持カーボン粒子(白金粒子の平均粒子径5nm)に含浸させて、ランタンおよび鉄の化合物と白金粒子を担持したカーボン粒子(粉末)を得、このカーボン粒子を窒素中600℃で加熱処理し、ペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物LaFeO3 で被覆された白金粒子Ptを担持した、カーボン粒子を得た。
上記各実施例および比較例で得られた微粒子担持カーボン粒子1質量部を、ポリパーフルオロスルホン酸樹脂の5質量%溶液であるアルドリッチ(Aldrich)社製の“ナフィオン (Nafion)”(商品名、EW=1000)溶液9.72質量部およびポリパーフルオロスルホン酸樹脂の20質量%溶液であるデュポン社製の“ナフィオン(Nafion)”(商品名)2.52質量部および水1質量部に添加し、均一に分散するよう混合液を充分に攪拌することで触媒塗料を調製した。次に、PTFEフィルム上に上記触媒塗料を、白金担持量が0.03mg/cm2 となるように塗布し、乾燥した後剥がし取り、微粒子担持カーボン粒子電極膜を得た。
標準電極としては、白金を50質量%担持させた田中貴金属工業社製の白金担持カーボン“10E50E”(商品名)を用いて、上記と同様にして触媒塗料を調整した後、PTFEフィルム上に、白金担持量が0.5mg/cm2 となるように塗布し、乾燥した後剥し取り、標準電極膜を得た。
固体高分子電解質膜としては、デュポン(DuPont)社製のポリパーフルオロスルホン酸樹脂膜“Nafion112”(商品名)を所定のサイズに切り出して用いた。この固体高分子電解質膜の両面に、先に作製した微粒子担持カーボン粒子電極膜と標準電極膜とを重ね合わせ、温度160℃、圧力4.4MPaの条件でホットプレスを行い、これらを接合した。次に、あらかじめ撥水処理を施したカーボン不織布(東レ製、TGP−H−120)と、両面に電極膜を形成した固体高分子電解質膜とをホットプレスで接合し、膜電極接合体を作製した。
以上のようにして得られた膜電極接合体を用いて、燃料電池としての出力特性(ここでは最大出力密度)を測定した。測定の際には、膜電極接合体を含む測定系を60℃に保持し、燃料極側に60℃の露点となるよう加湿・加温した水素ガスを供給し、空気極側に60℃の露点となるよう加湿・加温した空気を供給して測定を行った。
微粒子担持カーボン粒子の酸化に対する耐性を評価するために、代表的な組成を有するものとして、ここでは実施例1および比較例1・2で得られた各微粒子担持カーボン粒子を選択し、これらの空気中での物性変化を測定した。測定に際しては、それぞれ、前もって空気中150℃/48時間の酸化処理を行った。
2 空気極
3 燃料極
4 空気極用ガス拡散層
5 燃料極用ガス拡散層
10 膜電極接合体(MEA)
Claims (9)
- カーボン粒子にペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子および貴金属微粒子が担持されており、
貴金属微粒子の担持重量が、ペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子に対して1〜20重量%であり、
前記ペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子は、結晶子サイズが1〜20nmであり、ペロブスカイト型酸化物粒子全体にわたって、当該ペロブスカイト型酸化物粒子よりも粒子径の小さい貴金属微粒子が存在してなることを特徴とする微粒子担持カーボン粒子。 - 前記ペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子は、一般式ABO3 で表され、
このうちのAが、ランタン,ストロンチウム,セリウム,カルシウム,イットリウム,エルビウム,プラセオジム,ネオジム,サマリウム,ユウロピウム,マグネシウム,バリウムから選ばれる一種以上の元素であり、
Bが、鉄,コバルト,マンガン,銅,チタン,クロム,ニッケル,ニオブ,鉛,ビスマス,アンチモン,モリブデンから選ばれる一種以上の遷移金属元素である、請求項1記載の微粒子担持カーボン粒子。 - 前記貴金属微粒子が、白金,ルテニウム,パラジウム,金から選ばれる一種以上の元素からなる金属、あるいは、これらの貴金属元素から選ばれる一種以上の元素と鉄,コバルト,マンガン,銅,チタン,クロム,ニッケル,ニオブ,鉛,ビスマス,アンチモン,モリブデンから選ばれる一種以上の遷移金属元素との合金からなり、
貴金属微粒子の担持重量が、ペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子に対して1〜20重量%である、請求項2記載の微粒子担持カーボン粒子。 - 前記ペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子および貴金属微粒子の担持量が、重量比(「ペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子および貴金属微粒子の重量」/「当該微粒子担持カーボン粒子全体の重量」)で、5〜50重量%である、請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の微粒子担持カーボン粒子。
- 前記ペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子を担持するカーボン粒子の平均粒子径が20〜70nmである、請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の微粒子担持カーボン粒子。
- 前記ペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子を担持した微粒子担持カーボン粒子の平均粒子径が20〜90nmである、請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の微粒子担持カーボン粒子。
- 請求項1に記載した微粒子担持カーボン粒子を製造するにあたり、
まず、ペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子を構成する金属、及び貴金属の錯イオンを含む溶液を調整し、次いで、得られた溶液をカーボン粒子に含浸させたのち乾燥させる工程を繰り返し、前記金属の錯イオンをカーボン粒子に吸着させた後、熱処理を施すことを特徴とする微粒子担持カーボン粒子の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載した微粒子担持カーボン粒子を製造するにあたり、
まず、ペロブスカイト型複合金属酸化物微粒子を構成する金属、及び貴金属の錯イオンを含む溶液を調整し、次いで、得られた溶液をカーボン粒子に含浸させたのち乾燥させる工程を繰り返し、前記金属の錯イオンをカーボン粒子に吸着させた後、低湿雰囲気下で乾燥させ、さらに不活性ガス中で加熱処理することにより、カーボン粒子表面にペロブスカイト型構造を持つ複合金属酸化物微粒子を析出させて担持させることを特徴とする微粒子担持カーボン粒子の製造方法。 - 請求項1ないし請求項6に記載した微粒子担持カーボン粒子を用いて作成した、燃料電池用電極。
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---|---|---|---|
JP2006164095A JP4875410B2 (ja) | 2006-06-13 | 2006-06-13 | 微粒子担持カーボン粒子およびその製造方法ならびに燃料電池用電極 |
CA002655277A CA2655277A1 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | Carbon particle having deposited fine particles, process for producing the same, and electrode for fuel cell |
EP07745112A EP2037519A4 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | FINE PARTICLES FROM PEROVSKIT OXIDE, PARTICLES WITH STORED PEROVSKIT OXIDE, CATALYST MATERIAL, CATALYST MATERIAL FOR OXYGEN REDUCTION, CATALYST MATERIAL FOR A FUEL CELL AND ELECTRODE FOR A FUEL CELL |
EP07745111A EP2037518A4 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | CARBON PARTICLE COATED WITH FINE PARTICLES, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND ELECTRODE FOR FUEL CELL |
PCT/JP2007/061825 WO2007145216A1 (ja) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | ペロブスカイト型酸化物微粒子、ペロブスカイト型酸化物担持粒子、触媒材料、酸素還元用触媒材料、燃料電池用触媒材料、燃料電池用電極 |
CN2007800218419A CN101467285B (zh) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | 载微粒碳粒子及其制造方法、以及燃料电池用电极 |
US12/304,462 US20090202869A1 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | Carbon particle having deposited fine particles, process for producing the same, and electrode for fuel cell |
US12/304,452 US8007691B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | Fine particle of perovskite oxide, particle having deposited perovskite oxide, catalyst material, catalyst material for oxygen reduction, catalyst material for fuel cell, and electrode for fuel cell |
CN2007800220315A CN101467286B (zh) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | 钙钛矿型氧化物微粒、负载钙钛矿型氧化物的粒子、催化剂材料、氧还原用催化剂材料、燃料电池用催化剂材料、燃料电池用电极 |
CA2655278A CA2655278C (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | Fine particle of perovskite oxide, particle having deposited perovskite oxide, catalyst material, catalyst material for oxygen reduction, catalyst material for fuel cell, and electrode for fuel cell |
PCT/JP2007/061824 WO2007145215A1 (ja) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | 微粒子担持カーボン粒子およびその製造方法ならびに燃料電池用電極 |
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US (1) | US20090202869A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2037518A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4875410B2 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN101467285B (ja) |
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-
2007
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- 2007-06-12 CN CN2007800218419A patent/CN101467285B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-12 WO PCT/JP2007/061824 patent/WO2007145215A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-06-12 CN CN2007800220315A patent/CN101467286B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-12 CA CA002655277A patent/CA2655277A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2037518A1 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
CN101467286A (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
CA2655277A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
CN101467285B (zh) | 2011-09-07 |
WO2007145215A1 (ja) | 2007-12-21 |
JP4875410B2 (ja) | 2012-02-15 |
EP2037518A4 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
CN101467285A (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
CN101467286B (zh) | 2012-04-11 |
US20090202869A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
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