Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
  • C25B1/01—Products
  • C25B1/13—Ozone
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
  • C01B13/10—Preparation of ozone
  • C01B13/11—Preparation of ozone by electric discharge
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
  • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
  • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
  • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
  • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
  • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
  • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
  • C01B2201/10—Dischargers used for production of ozone
  • C01B2201/12—Plate-type dischargers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
  • C01B2201/20—Electrodes used for obtaining electrical discharge
  • C01B2201/22—Constructional details of the electrodes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
  • C01B2201/20—Electrodes used for obtaining electrical discharge
  • C01B2201/24—Composition of the electrodes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
  • C01B2201/30—Dielectrics used in the electrical dischargers
  • C01B2201/34—Composition of the dielectrics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
  • C01B2201/70—Cooling of the discharger; Means for making cooling unnecessary
  • C01B2201/74—Cooling of the discharger; Means for making cooling unnecessary by liquid
  • C01B2201/76—Water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
  • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
  • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
  • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
  • C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
  • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
  • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
  • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
  • C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
  • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
  • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
  • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
  • C02F2201/46155—Heating or cooling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
  • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
  • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
  • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
  • C02F2201/4616—Power supply
  • C02F2201/4617—DC only

Definitions

• Ozone water generation method and ozone water generation apparatus Ozone water generation apparatus
• the present invention relates to an ozone water generation method and an ozone water generation device, and more specifically, an ozone that generates ozone water by electrolyzing water by disposing a cathode and an anode across a solid polymer film.
• the present invention relates to a water generation method and an ozone water generation apparatus.
• Ozone has a very strong acid scent and is used in various fields such as sterilization, disinfection, decolorization, deodorization, oxidative decomposition, and oxidation treatment. Ozone itself is easily decomposed into oxygen, so it can be said that it is a treatment method without worrying about secondary contamination. Ozone water in which ozone is dissolved is safer and easier to use than ozone gas. Oxidizing power of ozone coexisting with water or dissolved in water is further improved, and is generally used for sterilization and cleaning (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). For these purposes, the development of simpler and more efficient generation methods of ozone water is required.
• an ultraviolet lamp method As a method for generating gaseous ozone, an ultraviolet lamp method, a silent discharge method, and an electrolysis (electrolysis) method are known (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2).
• the UV lamp method is often used to remove a small amount of bad odor sources such as deodorizing indoors where the amount of ozone generated is small.
• the silent discharge method is a general method for generating ozone gas. For example, when air is used as a raw material, nitrogen oxides are also generated. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to provide an auxiliary device that concentrates only oxygen in the force air that uses oxygen gas as a raw material. In addition, contamination by metal impurities due to wear of the metal electrode is also a problem.
• ozone gas can also be obtained by electrolysis of water. According to this electrolysis method, it is possible to easily obtain high-purity and high-concentration ozone gas that contains some moisture.
• means for dissolving the ozone gas obtained by the above means in water or directly producing it by an electrolytic method is known.
• Ozone gas generated by the silent discharge method or electrolytic method is dissolved in water through a gas-liquid dissolution tower. Force that can get the Zon water This will increase the size and complexity of the equipment.
• an electrolytic cell is constructed by sandwiching a solid polymer membrane between a porous or net-like anode and cathode, and electrolysis of tap water or pure water using this is used to directly supply ozone water. Can be generated, and the size of the apparatus can be easily reduced.
• an electrode material for ozone generation when generating ozone water by the electrolytic method platinum, gold, platinum-coated titanium, acid lead, etc. are generally used as the catalyst, which has an excellent function as a catalyst. It is used. These materials are molded into a porous shape or a mesh shape and used as the anode 3, and the solid polymer film 7 is sandwiched with an appropriate cathode 5, thereby forming an electrolytic cell 1 as shown in FIG. 12, for example. Ozone water is obtained by performing electrolysis while supplying pure water or tap water to the anode chamber 13 side of the electrolysis cell 1.
• ozone water is generated by the electrolytic method in this way, medium-high temperature ozone water that can be used for whole body sterilization by shower etc. is generated by using, for example, warm water of 42 ° C as raw water. (For example, see Patent Document 1).
• electrolysis is performed by supplying low-temperature water up to about 10 ° C, and the generated low-temperature ozone water is heated to, for example, between 25 ° C and 70 ° C.
• High-temperature ozone water is also possible.
• the solubility of gas decreases as the water temperature rises, and there is a risk that ozone gas dissolved at low water temperature will be excessively released as ozone gas in medium and high temperature water.
• ozone water generation efficiency is also poor. Therefore, in order to efficiently generate medium-high temperature ozone water, it is desirable to keep the temperature of the supplied water in the medium-high temperature region and send it to the electrolysis cell.
• a diamond thin film imparted with conductivity has recently been proposed as a new electrode material replacing platinum and the like.
• the main characteristics of this conductive diamond thin film are its excellent mechanical strength, chemical stability, resistance to molecular adsorption, resistance to oxidative decomposition and reduction of solvents, and a wide potential window. Specific examples such as selectivity are not found in other electrode materials. Therefore, a conductive diamond thin film is formed on a network-like or porous substrate by a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method or a microwave plasma CVD method, and a solid polymer film is sandwiched between the conductive diamond thin films. It is considered that an electrolytic cell is constructed and used for ozone generation (for example, see Patent Document 2).
• Non-patent document 1 "New technology using ozone” Sanyu Shobo, February 1993
• Non-Patent Document 2 Hidetoshi Sugimitsu "Ozone Basics and Applications” Korin, February 1996
• Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-60011
• Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-268395
• the present invention provides an ozone water generation method and an ozone water generation apparatus that can generate medium-high temperature ozone water efficiently and stably by using conductive diamond as an electrode material. Was made for the purpose. Means for solving the problem
• the ozone water generation method of the present invention made to achieve the above object includes an ozone water generation method in which a cathode and an anode are disposed with a solid polymer film sandwiched therebetween, and the water is electrolyzed to generate ozone water.
• a method is characterized in that a medium or high temperature ozone water is generated by electrolyzing medium or high temperature water using a conductive diamond having a porous or network structure as the anode.
• a cathode and an anode are disposed with a solid polymer film interposed therebetween, and medium-high temperature water is electrolyzed to generate medium-high temperature ozone water.
• medium-high temperature ozone water is generated from the anode side, and the generation is also simple.
• the conductive diamond having a porous or network structure is used as the anode, even when the water temperature is, for example, a medium to high temperature of 25 ° C to 70 ° C, It can stably produce medium-high temperature ozone water at 25 ° C to 70 ° C.
• conductive diamond can be applied as the anode.
• a self-stereoscopic conductive diamond is used as the anode, the following additional effects can be obtained. Arise. In other words, such a self-stereoscopic conductive diamond is different from the one in which a thin layer of diamond is formed on a substrate such as silicon, titanium, niobium, or graphite plate. Even if it is done, there is no concern such as peeling of the substrate force. Therefore, when the self-stereoscopic conductive diamond having a porous or network structure as described above is used as the anode, it is possible to more stably and more efficiently generate ozone water at a medium to high temperature.
• the ozone water generating apparatus of the present invention includes an electrolytic cell in which a cathode and an anode are disposed with a solid polymer film sandwiched therebetween, and water is electrolyzed by the electrolytic cell to generate ozone water.
• the present invention configured as described above, at least on the anode side of the electrolytic cell in which the cathode and the anode are disposed with the solid polymer film interposed therebetween, for example, from 25 ° C to 70 ° C by heating means. Water heated to high temperature is supplied. For this reason, the electrolysis by the electrolysis cell produces medium-high temperature ozone water on the anode side, and its production is also simple. Further, in the present invention, porous or reticulated conductive diamond is used as the anode, so that medium-high temperature ozone water is efficiently and stably generated even when the water temperature is medium-high as described above. Do be able to.
• Various forms of the conductive anode can be used as the anode.
• a self-stereoscopic conductive diamond is used as the anode, the following additional effects can be obtained.
• Arise In other words, such a self-stereoscopic conductive diamond is different from the one in which a thin layer of diamond is formed on a substrate such as silicon, titanium, niobium, or graphite plate. Even if it is done, there is no concern such as peeling of the substrate force. Therefore, when the self-stereoscopic conductive diamond having a porous or network structure as described above is used as the anode, it is possible to more stably and more efficiently generate ozone water at a medium to high temperature.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an ozone water generator to which the present invention is applied.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the anode of the ozone water generator.
• FIG. 3 (A) and (B) are graphs showing the water temperature dependence of the amount of ozone generated by the ozone water generating device when tap water is used as raw water, in comparison with a comparative example.
• FIG. 4 (A) and (B) are graphs showing the water temperature dependence of the amount of ozone generated by the ozone water generator when pure water is used as raw water, in comparison with a comparative example.
• FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing that the reaction at the anode occurs near the three-phase interface.
• FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the growth of bubbles in the hole of the anode.
• FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which the hole of the anode is tapered.
• FIG. 8 (A) and (B) are schematic views showing a modification in which the shape of the hole of the anode is changed.
• FIGS. 9A and 9B are schematic views showing an example in which the periphery of the anode is separated from the outer periphery of the anode chamber.
• FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a modification using columnar diamond as the anode.
• FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a modified example using fragmented diamond as the anode.
• FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a conventional electrolysis cell.
• Electrolytic cell 3 ... Anode 3a ... Hole
• FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an ozone water generator to which the present invention is applied.
• the ozone water generating apparatus includes an electrolysis cell 1, and this electrolysis cell 1 is configured in the same manner as the electrolysis cell 1 of the above-described conventional example except for the configuration of the anode 3 described later. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, an anode 3 and a cathode 5 are arranged with a solid polymer film 7 (for example, trade name “Nafion” manufactured by DuPont) interposed therebetween, and the anode 3 and the cathode 5 are solid polymers.
• the membrane 7 is fixed in close contact with the mutually facing surfaces.
• An anode chamber 13 is formed on the surface of the anode 3 and a cathode chamber 15 is formed on the surface of the cathode 5, respectively.
• the anode chamber 13 and the cathode chamber 15 have supply ports 13a and 15a and outlets 13b and 15b, respectively.
• Have. 1 and 12, parts that are configured similarly are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
• the anode 3 has a diameter of a self-stereoscopic conductive diamond plate formed into a 15 mm ⁇ 50 mm rectangular plate shape having a thickness of 0.8 mm by a microwave plasma CVD method.
• a 1 mm hole 3a is drilled so that the center-to-center distance is 2 mm (that is, the distance between the outer peripheries of the holes 3a is 1 mm).
• the hole 3a can be formed by a laser carriage or a discharge carriage.
• As the cathode 5 a 55 mesh net-like platinum electrode was used.
• the electrolytic cell 1 configured as described above, when pure water (or tap water) is supplied from the supply ports 13a and 15a while a direct current is applied between the anode 3 and the cathode 5, the anode chamber 13 Ozone water is discharged from the outlet 1 3b.
• the ozone water generating apparatus of the present embodiment includes a temperature control unit 30 as heating means connected to the supply port 13a via an electromagnetic valve 20.
• the temperature control unit 30 is a known unit that heats the supplied pure water or tap water to a predetermined temperature set in advance. For this reason, in the ozone water generating apparatus of the present embodiment, pure water or tap water can be heated to a predetermined temperature and then supplied to the anode chamber 13 to generate ozone water.
• the ozone water generation apparatus of the present embodiment may be provided with a deionizer, a flow sensor, an ozone water concentration monitor, an ozone gas alarm device, and the like as necessary.
• FIGS 3 (A) and (B) are graphs showing the water temperature dependence of the amount of ozone generated when tap water is used as the raw water.
• (A) is an example
• (B) is a comparative example, Represents each.
• Figures 4 (A) and (B) are graphs showing the water temperature dependence of the amount of ozone generated when pure water is used as the raw water.
• (A) is an example and (B) is a comparison. Each example is shown. All graphs are the results of measurement while supplying 0.5 L of pure water or tap water from the supply port 13a per minute.
• the amount of ozone produced was evaluated by measuring the concentration of ozone water using an ozone water concentration meter (UV method).
• Fig. 3 (A) when conductive diamond was used as anode 3, it was found that ozone could be generated satisfactorily even in the middle to high temperature range of 25 ° C to 70 ° C. Therefore, in this embodiment, medium-high temperature ozone water can be efficiently generated.
• Fig. 3 (B) the comparative example shows a large decrease in the amount of ozone generated as the water temperature rises. I got it.
• the consumption of the electrode was very small compared to platinum or the like.
• the use of the medium-high temperature ozone water generated in this way includes, for example, whole body sterilization by ozone shower at the time of infectious disease outbreak or bioterrorism.
• such ozone-sharing is expected to be effective for the treatment of atopy, skin diseases, pressure ulcers and the like.
• medium-to-high-temperature ozone water using pure water as raw material water has never been realized, and such power New water is expected to be used as cleaning water used in the semiconductor and electronics industries.
• the cathode 5 may be composed of self-stereoscopic conductive diamond having a porous structure in the same manner as the anode 3.
• the hole 3a may be formed in a slit shape that may have other shapes, or a large hole 3a may be formed so that the anode 3 has a net shape.
• the force of using self-stereoscopic conductive diamond as the anode 3 The conductive diamond is deposited on the substrate by a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method or a microwave plasma CVD method.
• the synthesis method in which a thin film is used as the anode 3 is not limited to this.
• the force substrate material in which silicon, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, or carbon is generally used as the substrate is not limited to this.
• a conductive diamond free-standing film obtained by depositing a thick conductive diamond film on a substrate and then removing the substrate can be used as the anode 3 as described above. In this case, if a network or porous substrate is used, the porous anode 3 can be obtained without forming the holes 3a as described above.
• the thickness of the anode 3 is 0.2 to 1. Omm (more desirably 0.4 to 0.8 mm) for the following reason. It is desirable that In other words, when a direct current is passed between the anode 3 and the cathode 5 of the electrolytic cell 1, the oxygen generation reaction due to the oxidative decomposition of water occurs on the inner wall surface of the hole 3a.
• the hydrogen ions generated in the reaction processes (1) and (2) pass through the solid polymer membrane 7 having ion permeability and reach the cathode 5. At cathode 5, the hydrogen ions that have permeated receive a reduction reaction.
• the generated hydrogen diffuses into the cathode chamber 15.
• the reactions (1) and (2) are performed in the solid polymer film 7 in the hole 3a, the inner wall surface of the hole 3a, and the anode chamber 13. It occurs most efficiently at the interface where the three phases of the electrolyte (water) are in contact. This is because the movement distance of hydrogen ions is minimized when a reaction occurs in this part.
• manufacturing a thick conductive diamond plate requires time and cost for film formation, and it is not preferable to use a conductive diamond plate that is thicker than necessary as the anode 3. Therefore, the thickness of the anode 3 is preferably 1. Omm or less (more preferably 0.8 mm or less).
• the thickness of the anode 3 is desirably 0.2 mm or more (more desirably 0.4 mm or more).
• the ease of removal of the bubbles B is closely related to the diameter of the hole 3a. If the diameter is less than 0.5 mm, the bubbles B are extremely difficult to escape. On the other hand, if the diameter of the hole 3a is as large as 3. Omm or more, for example, the three-phase interface per unit area is reduced, and the fields where the reactions (1) and (2) occur are relatively less. End up. For this reason, it is desirable that the diameter (diameter) of the hole 3a is 0.5 to 3.0 mm (more preferably 1.0 to 2. Omm). In this case, ozone is generated extremely efficiently. It becomes possible.
• the distance between the outer circumferences of the holes 3a and 3a is 0.2 to 1.5 mm. From the viewpoint of increasing the number of three-phase interfaces, it is desirable that the number of holes 3a be large. However, if the distance between the outer peripheries of holes 3a and 3a is too narrow, for example, less than 0.2 mm, sufficient for anode 3 is sufficient. Strength cannot be obtained. For this reason, in the case where it is desirable to set the above-mentioned distance to 0.2 to 1.5 mm (more preferably 0.4 to 0.8 mm), the mechanical strength of the anode 3 can be efficiently secured while being sufficiently secured.
• the inner wall surface of the hole 53a is tapered like the anode 53 shown in FIG. 7, and the hole 53a is directed outward from the solid polymer film 7. It is also effective to arrange it so that it expands (V, loose mortar type arrangement).
• the periphery of the hole 63a can be configured in a wavy manner like the anode 63 shown in FIG. It is also effective to form the holes 73a in a star shape like the anode 73 shown partially enlarged.
• the anode 3 is configured to be smaller than the solid polymer film 7 as shown in FIG. 9 (A), and the periphery of the anode 3 extends from the outer peripheral portion 13c of the anode chamber 13. It is also effective to form a three-phase interface around the anode 3 by separating them. That is, normally, as shown in FIG. 9 (B), the solid polymer film 7 and the anode 3 disposed inside the outer peripheral portion 13c are the same size, or the periphery of the anode 3 is a sealing material. Forces that are sealed in the same way as in Fig. 9 (B), forming a three-phase interface around anode 3 as shown in Fig. 9 (A), resulting in good ozone generation efficiency Can be improved.
• anodes 83 made of columnar (here, square columnar) self-supporting conductive diamond are formed on the surface of the solid polymer film 7.
• a large number of anodes 93 made of piece-like (in this case, cubic) self-supporting conductive diamond may be arranged on the surface of the solid polymer film 7. Good. In these cases, the efficiency of ozone generation can be improved by increasing the three-phase interface.

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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
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• Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
• Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
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• Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
• Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-08-10 JP JP2005232184A patent/JP4903405B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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