WO2006128346A1 - Procede de preparation d’une fibre de cellulose regeneree par un procede dans un bain de coagulation en deux etapes - Google Patents

Procede de preparation d’une fibre de cellulose regeneree par un procede dans un bain de coagulation en deux etapes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006128346A1
WO2006128346A1 PCT/CN2006/000757 CN2006000757W WO2006128346A1 WO 2006128346 A1 WO2006128346 A1 WO 2006128346A1 CN 2006000757 W CN2006000757 W CN 2006000757W WO 2006128346 A1 WO2006128346 A1 WO 2006128346A1
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Prior art keywords
cellulose
coagulation bath
solution
spinning
temperature
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PCT/CN2006/000757
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lina Zhang
Jie Cai
Jinping Zhou
Chuntao Li
Haisong Qi
Yuan Mao
Original Assignee
Jiangsu Long-Ma Green Fibers Co., Ltd.
Wuhan University
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Application filed by Jiangsu Long-Ma Green Fibers Co., Ltd., Wuhan University filed Critical Jiangsu Long-Ma Green Fibers Co., Ltd.
Priority to EP06741700A priority Critical patent/EP1900860B1/en
Priority to JP2008513895A priority patent/JP4679641B2/ja
Priority to DE602006014148T priority patent/DE602006014148D1/de
Priority to US11/916,020 priority patent/US8962821B2/en
Priority to AT06741700T priority patent/ATE466978T1/de
Publication of WO2006128346A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006128346A1/zh

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/02Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from solutions of cellulose in acids, bases or salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08BPOLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B1/00Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof, e.g. pre-treatment, pre-soaking, activation
    • C08B1/003Preparation of cellulose solutions, i.e. dopes, with different possible solvents, e.g. ionic liquids
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/06Wet spinning methods
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10Other agents for modifying properties

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a non-toxic method and system for producing a cellulose product on a pilot scale, and in particular to a method and system for producing a cellulose product by using a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) / urea aqueous solution to test the production of the cellulose product.
  • the method and system can produce regenerated cellulose fibers, membranes, chromatographic fillers, nonwoven fabrics, and various high value-added functional cellulose products by adding other materials such as functional materials, nano materials, and the like.
  • the invention belongs to the field of natural high molecules, and also belongs to the fields of materials, textiles, chemical and chemical engineering, agriculture and environmental engineering. Background technique
  • Cellulose is the most abundant renewable resource on the planet. It is an environmentally friendly material. The full use of cellulose not only protects the environment, but also saves limited non-renewable petroleum resources. However, cellulose in the chemical industry is currently far from being fully utilized, mainly because of the cumbersome, costly, and polluting process of cellulose dissolution in existing processes.
  • the production of copper ammonia rayon by the copper ammonia method in the prior art also has the disadvantages of environmental pollution, high price and difficulty in solution recovery.
  • Other organic or inorganic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide-nitrogen oxide (U.S. Patent No. 3,236,669, 1966), ZnCl 2 aqueous solution (U.S. Patent No. 5,290,349, 1994), LiCl/DMAc (U.S. Patent No. 4,302,252, 1981), etc. are used. It is difficult to industrialize due to the complicated dissolution process and price problems.
  • N-methyl oxidized morpholine (U.S. Patent 2,179,181, 1939; British Patent GB1144048, 1967; U.S. Patent 4,246,221, 1981) is considered to be the most promising cellulosic solvent to date.
  • the International Bureau of Rayon and Synthetic Fibers (BISFA) of Brussels called the cellulose filament manufactured by this NMMO method "Lyocell”.
  • a small amount of cellulose filament products prepared therefrom have entered the market, but industrial production has progressed slowly due to high price and high spinning temperature.
  • the dissolution of cellulose in a 2.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution is disclosed in JP Patent No. 1,777,283, but it can only be a steam blasting treatment of wood pulp cellulose having a degree of polymerization of less than 250, which is 4. It can be dissolved in this NaOH 7J solution when it is around C.
  • the cellulose filaments produced by this method have extremely low strength and are not suitable for industrial spinning or film formation.
  • the Chinese patent CN00114486.3 of the present application proposes to use a mixed aqueous solution of 4wt%-8wt% sodium hydroxide and 2wt%-8wt% urea as a solvent for dissolving cellulose, and successfully prepares an excellent regeneration in Chinese patent CN00114485.5.
  • Cellulose film Although practice has shown that the solvent system must be kept at 3 to 8 under freezing (-20 ° C). It is frozen into water and then thawed to dissolve cellulose to prepare a transparent cellulose concentrated solution. Therefore, it is currently only suitable for laboratory scale and is not suitable for industrialization.
  • the natural cellulose and the regenerated cellulose having a molecular weight of less than 12 ⁇ 10 4 are obtained to obtain a transparent cellulose concentrated solution, and then the regenerated cellulose filament and the membrane are prepared by a small unit of a laboratory cartridge in Chinese patent CN200310111566.3, and Chinese patent CN200410013389.X used wet spinning to prepare regenerated cellulose filaments on a spinning machine, but due to the one-bath process, the fiber surface solidified rapidly, which affected the further stretching orientation, thus showing lower fiber strength. . Summary of the invention
  • the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the mixed aqueous solution is from 5.0 wt% to 12.0 wt%, preferably from 6.0 wt% to 8.0 wt%, most preferably from 7.0 wt% to 7.5 wt%;
  • the concentration is from 8.0 wt% to 20.0 wt%, preferably from 10.0 wt% to 20.0 wt%, most preferably from 11.0 wt% to 12.0 wt%.
  • said first temperature is from - 15 ° C to - 8 ° C, preferably from - 13 ° C to - 10 ° C, most preferably - 12 .
  • said second temperature is an ambient temperature, in particular 0 ⁇ ⁇ 20 .
  • the cellulose raw material may be various cellulose pulps including cotton linter pulp, sugar cane pulp, wood pulp, grass pulp, etc., especially a degree of polymerization of less than 700, molecular weight distribution
  • cellulose pulp having a degree of polymerization of from 250 to 650 is preferred, and cellulose pulp having a degree of polymerization of from 300 to 440 is most preferred.
  • the cellulose paste has a viscosity average molecular weight of less than 1.1 X 10 5 .
  • the cellulose raw material is added at a second temperature and stirred well for 10 minutes, preferably 15 minutes, and most preferably 20 minutes or longer.
  • the defoaming time is preferably 4 to 30 hours, more preferably 4 to 10 hours, or alternatively, more preferably 10 to 30 hours.
  • the concentration of the obtained cellulose solution is from 3.0 wt% to 8.0 wt%, preferably from 3.0 wt% to 7.0 wt%, more preferably from 4.5 wt% to 5.5 wt%.
  • the concentration of the cellulose solution is changed from 8.0 wt% to 4.0 wt%, and the molecular weight is appropriately lowered within this range to maintain a narrow molecular weight distribution.
  • Increasing the concentration is beneficial to increase the strength of the cellulose filament.
  • pilot scale molding apparatus is selected from various molding apparatuses including a spinning apparatus, a film forming apparatus, and a granulation apparatus, preferably a wet spinning apparatus, more preferably a two-step coagulation bath. French spinning device.
  • the method according to the present invention further includes the step of producing various high value-added cellulose products by adding other substances such as functional materials and/or nanomaterials, which may be added during the preparation of the cellulose solution, Can also be blended by producing functional masterbatch
  • the addition of the type can also be added by any other means known to those skilled in the art.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for producing a cellulose product using a NaOH/urea aqueous solution on a pilot scale, the system comprising a liquid storage tank, a stirred tank, a filtering device, a defoaming device, and a molding device.
  • pilot scale molding apparatus is selected from various molding apparatuses including a spinning apparatus, a film forming apparatus, and a granulation apparatus, preferably a wet spinning apparatus, more preferably a two-step coagulation bath. French spinning device.
  • said two-step coagulation bath spinning device comprises a first coagulation bath and a second coagulation bath.
  • the first coagulation bath is a mixed aqueous solution of H 2 S0 4 and Na 2 S0 4 , wherein the concentration of H 2 S0 4 is 5 wt% to 20 wt%, preferably 6 wt% to 15 wt%, and most preferably 7 wt% to 9 wt%.
  • the concentration of Na 2 S0 4 is 5 wt% to 25 wt%, preferably 10 wt% to 25 wt%, most preferably 10 wt% to 15 wt%, and the bath temperature is 0 to 40 ° C, preferably 5 to 20 ° C, most preferably It is 10 to 15 ° C; the second coagulation bath is 3 wt% to 20 wt%, preferably 3 wt% to 10 wt ° /. Most preferably, it is 4 wt% to 5 wt% of an aqueous solution of H 2 S0 4 , and the bath temperature is 0 to 60 ° C, preferably 10 to 30 ° C, and most preferably 10 to 20 ° C.
  • the system according to the invention further comprises a metering pump, a spinneret, a water washing device, a plasticizing device, a drying device and/or a winding device, and may further comprise a circulation device for recycling the coagulation bath and/or for recycling Urea recovery unit.
  • the spinneret can be a vertical spinneret or a horizontal spinneret, which can be adjusted or replaced according to actual needs.
  • the cellulose solution of the present invention is produced by reconstitution and regeneration by a two-step coagulation bath spinning apparatus to produce regenerated cellulose filaments, which in turn are produced into filaments, staple fibers, nonwoven fabrics and the like.
  • the cellulose solution of the present invention produces a regenerated cellulose film through a film forming apparatus.
  • the cellulose solution of the present invention is granulated by a granulator and used as a chromatography packing or the like.
  • other substances such as a functional material, a nano material, and the like may be added and/or dispersed in the cellulose solution of the present invention to prepare a high value-added cellulose product.
  • the advantages of the present invention are as follows: First, the chemical raw materials used are low in cost and non-toxic, and become a new solvent for cellulose by low-temperature cooling; second, each method can be prepared by the method of the present invention. High value-added cellulose products; thirdly, because the production process does not use CS 2 , the regenerated cellulose product has zero sulfur content (viscose silk sulfur content 10g/k g ), which is very safe. Regenerated cellulose material; Fourth, when the production method according to the present invention is carried out, the production cycle is short (30 to 40 hours), which is only equivalent to 1/3 of the viscose method; fifth, the method of the present invention is particularly suitable for industrialization. Production and practical application.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a two-step coagulation bath spinning apparatus according to the pilot test of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the process of the invention in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a section of a cellulose filament obtained by the process of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows the surface of a cellulose filament obtained according to the process of the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a roll of cellulose filament obtained in accordance with the process of the present invention. detailed description
  • the wet-spinning process is carried out in a two-step coagulation bath using a pilot plant (Fig. 1), wherein the cellulose solution is first defoamed through the defoaming tank a and then spun through the spinneret b
  • the first coagulation bath c is pulled through the second coagulation bath d, then passes through the water washing device e, is plasticized in the plasticizer tank f as needed, and finally drawn to the winding device g in a roll.
  • the spinneret is modified to be sprayed downward, so that the cellulose molecules are stretched and oriented when the solution is under gravity, and the cellulose curing time is further extended and the draw ratio is increased on the equipment and the process, preferably
  • the multistage stretching further increases the strength of the cellulose filament, thereby producing a regenerated cellulose filament which is more excellent in mechanical properties.
  • the basic process route comprises: pre-cooling a mixed aqueous solution of 5 wt% to 12 wt% sodium hydroxide and 8 wt% to 20 wt% urea in a liquid storage tank 1 to - 15 ⁇ - At 8 ° C, the pre-cooled solution was then added to the stirred tank while the cellulose slurry was added from the slurry tank and stirred. During the stirring process, the cellulose is dissolved to obtain a transparent cellulose solution. The obtained cellulose solution was placed in a liquid storage tank 2, and impurities were removed through a filter.
  • the composition of the bath was 8 wt% H 2 S0 4 /12 wt% Na 2 S0 4 mixed aqueous solution, and the bath temperature was 10 °C.
  • the bath composition is 4wt% H 2 S0 4 aqueous solution, and the bath temperature is 15° (the stretched and regenerated cellulose filament is washed by water, 3 ⁇ 4 plasticizer tank)
  • the oil is heated and dried by a drying roller, and then the upper winding drum is wound into a wire ingot, numbered 1.
  • the wire has a circular cross section (Fig. 3), similar to the Lycdl, and the surface is smooth (Fig. 3).
  • the appearance is soft and shiny (Fig. 4), it also contains excellent sulfur and has excellent mechanical properties (Table 1).
  • the composition of the bath is 7.6 wt% H 2 S0 4 /12.5 wt% Na 2 S0 4 mixed aqueous solution, bath The temperature is 15 °C.
  • the cellulose filament was then regenerated in a second coagulation bath having a bath composition of 4 wt% H 2 S0 4 aqueous solution at a bath temperature of 15 ° C.
  • the stretched and regenerated cellulose filaments are washed with water, the iA plasticizer tank is oiled, dried by a drying roller, and then wound up into a wire ingot, numbered 2.
  • the silk has a sulfur content of zero and is a highly safe fiber.
  • the wire has a circular cross section and is soft and shiny in appearance, and has high strength.
  • the composition of the bath was 8.6 wt% H 2 SO 4 /10.5 wt% Na 2 SC aqueous solution, bath temperature It is 10 °C.
  • the cellulose filament second coagulation bath is followed by regeneration, the bath composition is 5wt% H 2 S0 4 aqueous solution, and the bath temperature is 10° (the stretched and regenerated cellulose filaments are washed by water, ⁇ plasticizer tank)
  • the oil and the drying roller are dried, and then the upper winding bobbin is wound into a wire ingot, and the number is 3.
  • the silk has a circular cross section, and the sulfur-free appearance is soft and lustrous, and has high strength.
  • the composition of the bath was 8.7 wt% H 2 SO 4 /10.9 wt% Na 2 SO 4 mixed aqueous solution, the bath temperature is 15. C.
  • the cellulose filament second coagulation bath is followed by regeneration, and the bath composition is 5 wt% H 2 S0 4 7j solution.
  • the bath temperature is 15 ° (:.
  • the stretched and regenerated cellulose filaments are washed with water, enter the plasticizer tank and oiled, dried by a drying roller, and then wound into a wire ingot, numbered 4.
  • the wire has a zero measurement and is a new type of fiber with high safety.
  • the wire has a circular cross section and is soft and shiny in appearance, and has high strength.
  • the composition of the bath was 10.5 wt% H 2 SO 4 /10.2 wt% Na 2 S0 4 mixed aqueous solution, bath The temperature is 13. C.
  • the bath composition was 5 wt% H 2 S0 4 7j solution, and the bath temperature was 13 °C.
  • the stretched and regenerated cellulose filaments are washed with water, the plasticizer tank is oiled, dried by a drying roller, and then wound up into a wire ingot, numbered 5.
  • the wire has a circular cross section and it does not contain sulfur. Soft and shiny, with high strength.
  • the mechanical properties of the cellulose filaments obtained in the above examples were measured by an XQ-1 isometric elongation fiber strength meter.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description

一种以中试规模生产纤维素产品的无毒方法及系统 本申奇要求武汉大学于 2005年 5月 30日向中国专利局提交的专 利申请 200510018799.8的权益, 该申请通过引用全部并入本文。 技术领域
本发明涉及以中试规模生产纤维素产品的无毒方法及系统,具体 而言, 涉及采用氢氧化钠 ( NaOH ) /尿素水溶液以中试规 ^莫生产纤维 素产品的方法及系统,利用所述方法和系统,可以制得再生纤维素纤 维、膜、 色谱填料、 无纺布, 以及通过添加其他物质如功能材料、 纳 米材料等生产各种高附加值的功能纤维素产品。本发明属于天然高分 子领域, 也属于材料、 纺织、 化学化工、 农业、 环境工程领域。 背景技术
纤维素是地球上最丰富的可再生资源,属环境友好材料,充分利 用纤维素不仅可以保护环境, 而且可以节省有限的不可再生石油资 源。 然而, 目前化学工业中的纤维素远远没有被充分利用,主要是因 为现有工艺中纤维素溶解过程繁杂、 成本高且有污染。
一百多年以来,人们采用传统粘胶法生产人造丝和玻璃纸等再生 纤维素产品。传统粘胶法的工艺包括使纤维素在强碱作用下(氢氧化 钠浓度 18wt% )与 CS2 ( 33wt% )反应生成纤维素黄酸酯, 它溶于 碱溶液而变成粘胶液,然后,纤维素粘胶液经喷丝或流延后在稀酸溶 液中再生, 制得粘胶纤维(人造丝)或玻璃纸。该法在生产过程中释 放出大量有毒气体 CS2和 H2S, 严重污染环境, 损害人体健康 Macromol. Sci.-Rev. Macromol. Chem., 1980, C18(l), 1 )。
现有技术中用铜氨法生产铜氨人造丝也存在环境污染、价格昂贵 和溶液回收困难的缺点。 使用其他有机或无机溶剂例如二甲亚砜-氮 氧化物(美国专利 US3236669, 1966年)、 ZnCl2水溶液 (美国专利 US5290349, 1994年)、 LiCl/DMAc (美国专利 US4302252, 1981年) 等的方法由于溶解过程繁杂和价格问题而难以产业化。
N-甲基氧化吗啉 (NMMO) (美国专利 US2179181, 1939年;英国 专利 GB1144048, 1967年; 美国专利 US4246221, 1981年)被认为是 迄今为止最有前途的纤维素溶剂。 1989年布鲁塞尔国际人造丝及合 成纤维标准局 ( BISFA )把由这类 NMMO方法制造的纤维素丝命名 为 "Lyocell"。 用它制备的少量纤维素丝产品已进入市场, 但由于价 格昂贵、 纺丝温度较高, 因此工业化生产进展緩慢。
此夕卜,还有人提出使纤维素和尿素在高温下反应生成纤维素氨基 甲酸酯, 然后直接溶解在稀碱液中得到纺丝液(芬兰专利 FI61003; 芬兰专利 FI62318; 美国专利 US4404369 ), 但是在该方法中尿素用 量高、 有副产物, 也难以产业化。
曰本专利 JP1777283中公开了纤维素在 2.5 mol/L NaOH水溶液 中的溶解, 但只能是经蒸汽爆破处理过的聚合度低于 250 的木浆纤 维素, 它在 4。C左右时可溶解于这种 NaOH 7J溶液中。 使用该方法 制得的纤维素丝强度极低, 不适合工业化纺丝或制膜。
本申请 中国专利 CN00114486.3中提出使用 4wt%-8wt%氢 氧化钠和 2wt%-8wt%尿素的混合水溶液作为溶解纤维素的溶剂, 并 在中国专利 CN00114485.5中成功制备出强度优良的再生纤维素膜。 但是实践表明, 该溶剂体系必须在冷冻 下( - 20°C )保持 3 ~ 8 小时冷冻成水状物,然后解冻才能溶解纤维素制备透明的纤维素浓溶 液, 因此目前只适用于实验室规模, 不适合进行工业化。
此外,本申请人在中国专利 CN03128386.1中用 5 *%-12 *%氢 氧化钠和 8.5wt%-20wt%尿素的混合水溶液,经冷却后在室温下直接 溶解分子量低于 ΙΟ.ΙχΙΟ4的天然纤维素和分子量低于 12xl04的再生 纤维素, 得到透明的纤维素浓溶液, 然后在中国专利 CN200310111566.3 中通过实验室筒单的小型装置制备了再生纤维素 丝和膜,并在中国专利 CN200410013389.X中采用湿法纺丝在纺丝机 上制备了再生纤维素丝,但是由于釆用一浴法成形,纤维表面迅速固 化, 影响进一步拉伸取向, 因此表现出较低的纤维强度。 发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种以中试规模生产纤维素产品的方 法, 该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)将氢氧化钠和尿素的混合水溶液预冷至第一温度;
(b)将预冷后的混合水溶液置于第二温度下, 然后立即加入纤维 素原料, 并充分搅拌溶解, 制得纤维素溶液;
(c)将所述纤维素溶液过滤、 脱泡;
(d)采用中试规模的成型装置使经过过滤、脱泡的纤维素溶液形 成为纤维素产品。
根据本发明的方法,其中所述混合水溶液中,氢氧化钠的浓度为 5.0wt% ~ 12.0wt%, 优选为 6.0wt% - 8.0wt%, 最优选为 7.0wt% - 7.5wt%; 尿素的浓度为 8.0wt% ~ 20.0wt%, 优选为 10.0wt% ~ 20.0wt%, 最优选为 11.0wt% ~ 12.0wt%„ 根据本发明的方法, 其中所述第一温度为 - 15°C ~ - 8°C, 优选 为- 13°C ~ - 10°C , 最优选为 - 12 。
根据本发明的方法,其中所述第二温度是环境温度,具体而言是 0Ό ~ 20 。
根据本发明的方法, 其中所述纤维素原料可以是包括棉短绒浆、 甘蔗渣浆、木浆、草浆等在内的各种纤维素浆料, 尤其是聚合度低于 700、 分子量分布较窄的各种纤维素浆料, 优选聚合度为 250 ~ 650 的纤维素浆料, 最优选聚合度为 300 ~ 440的纤维素浆料。 优选所述 纤维素浆料的粘均分子量低于 1.1 X 105
根据本发明的方法,其中在第二温度下加入纤维素原料后充分搅 拌 10分钟, 优选为 15分钟, 最优选为 20分钟或更长时间。
根据本发明的方法,脱泡时间优选为 4 ~ 30小时,更优选为 4-10 小时, 或者作为替代方案, 更优选为 10-30小时。
根据本发明的方法, 其中所得纤维素溶液的浓度为 3.0wt% ~ 8.0wt%, 优选为 3.0 wt% ~ 7.0wt%, 更优选为 4.5 wt% ~ 5.5wt%。 优选的是, 随着纤维素浆料的聚合度从 250增加到 650, 纤维素溶液 浓度则从 8.0wt%变为 4.0wt%, 而且在该范围内适当降低分子量、 保持较窄的分子量分布而提高浓度有利于提高纤维素丝强度。
根据本发明的方法,其中所述中试规模的成型装置选自包括纺丝 装置、制膜装置、造粒装置在内的各种成型装置,优选湿法纺丝装置, 更优选二步凝固浴法纺丝装置。
才艮据本发明的方法, 还包括通过添加其他物质如功能材料和 /或 纳米材料等生产各种高附加值纤维素产品的步骤,所述其他物质可以 在制备纤维素溶液的过程中加入,也可以通过生产功能母料后共混成 型来加入, 还可以通过其他本领域技术人员已知的任意方式加入。 本发明的另一目的是提供一种以中试规模采用 NaOH/尿素水溶 液生产纤维素产品的系统, 该系统包括储液罐、 搅拌罐、 过滤装置、 脱泡装置和成型装置。
根据本发明的系统,其中各装置的温度设置根据各工艺步骤的需 要而定。
根据本发明的系统,其中所述中试规模的成型装置选自包括纺丝 装置、制膜装置、造粒装置在内的各种成型装置,优选湿法纺丝装置, 更优选二步凝固浴法纺丝装置。
根据本发明的系统,其中所述二步凝固浴法纺丝装置包括第一凝 固浴和第二凝固浴。所述第一凝固浴是 H2S04和 Na2S04的混合水溶 液, 其中 H2S04的浓度为 5wt% ~ 20wt%, 优选为 6wt% ~ 15wt%, 最优选为 7wt%~9wt%, Na2S04的浓度为 5wt%~25wt%, 优选为 10wt%~25wt%, 最优选为 10wt%~15wt%, 浴温为 0~40°C, 优 选为 5~20°C, 最优选为 10~15°C; 所述笫二凝固浴是 3wt%~ 20wt%、 优选为 3wt%~10wt°/。、 最优选为 4wt%~5wt%的 H2S04 水溶液, 浴温为 0~60°C, 优选为 10~30°C, 最优选为 10~20°C。
根据本发明的系统,其中所述纤维素溶液在喷丝后进入第一凝固 浴中进行固化和部分拉伸取向、牵伸,再iT第二凝固浴中进一步再 生和拉伸取向。
根据本发明的系统,还包括计量泵、 喷丝头、 水洗装置、增塑装 置、 烘干装置和 /或卷绕装置, 还可以包括用于循环使用凝固浴的循 环装置和 /或用于回收尿素的回收装置。 其中喷丝头可以是垂直喷丝 头或水平喷丝头, 根据实际需要进行调节或更换。 本发明的又一目的是提供采用 NaOH/尿素水溶液生产的纤维素 产品, 包括长丝、 短纤、 膜、 色语填料和 /或无纺布, 所述产品可以 通过添加其他物质如功能材料和 /或纳米材料来生产各种高附加值的 纤维素产品。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的纤维素溶液通过二步凝固浴法纺丝 装置固化、再生而生产再生纤维素丝, 并继而生产长丝、短纤、无纺 布等。
在另一实施方案中,本发明的纤维素溶液通过制膜装置生产再生 纤维素膜。
在又一实施方案中,本发明的纤维素溶液通过造粒装置造粒,并 用作色谱填料等。
在本发明的实施方案中,还可以在本发明的纤维素溶液中添加和 /或分散其他物质如功能材料、 纳米材料等, 从而制备高附加值的纤 维素产品。
与相关现有技术相比, 本发明的优点在于: 第一,使用的化学原 料成本低且无毒,通过低温冷却使它成为纤维素的新溶剂; 第二, 利 用本发明的方法可以制备各种高附加值的纤维素产品;第三, 由于生 产过程未使用 CS2, 因此这种再生纤维素制品含硫量为零(粘胶丝含 硫量 10g/kg ), 是安全性很高的再生纤维素材料; 第四, 根据本发明 的方法进行生产时, 生产周期短(30 ~ 40小时), 只相当于粘胶法的 1/3; 第五, 本发明的方法尤其适合于工业化生产及实际应用。 附图说明
图 1 示出根据本发明的中试规摸的二步凝固浴法纺丝装置示意 图。
图 2示出根据本发明一个优选实施方案的本发明方法的示意图。 图 3示出才艮据本发明方法得到的纤维素丝的截面。
图 4示出根据本发明方法得到的纤维素丝的表面。
图 5示出根据本发明方法得到的纤维素丝丝卷。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发 明不限于此。
在本发明的优选实施方案中, 采用中试设备(图 1 )进行二步凝 固浴法湿法纺丝,其中, 纤维素溶液首先经脱泡罐 a脱泡, 然后通过 喷丝头 b喷丝, 第一凝固浴槽 c, 经牵引 第二凝固浴槽 d, 之后经过水洗装置 e, 根据需要在增塑剂槽 f中进行增塑处理, 最后 牵引至卷绕装置 g成卷。优选的是, 改造喷丝口向下喷丝,使纤维素 分子在重力作用下处于溶液时就拉伸取向,同时在设备上和工艺上进 一步延长纤维素固化时间并增加拉伸比,优选采用多级拉伸来进一步 提高纤维素丝的强度, 由此制备出力学性能更加优良的再生纤维素 丝。
参见图 2, 根据本发明的一个优选实施方案的基本工艺路线包 括: 将 5wt% ~ 12wt%氢氧化钠和 8wt% ~ 20wt%尿素的混合水溶液 在储液罐 1中预冷到 - 15 ~ - 8°C , 然后将预冷的溶液加入搅拌罐, 同时从浆料罐中加入纤维素浆料并进行搅拌。在搅拌过程中,纤维素 发生溶解,得到透明的纤维素溶液。将得到的纤维素溶液^储液罐 2中, 并经过过滤器除去杂质。 然后将过滤后的纤维素溶液^脱气 罐中,在真空状态下进行连续脱泡 4 ~ 24小时。将去除气泡的纤维素 溶液在此用过滤器过滤后,利用计量泵加压再次过滤从喷丝头喷出进 入凝固浴 1。 纤维素溶液在凝固浴 1中固化再生, 然后依次经过辊 I、 凝固浴 2、 辊 II、 增塑剂槽、 辊 III (干燥辊), 最后在卷绕筒上得到 再生纤维素纤维。凝固浴经过循环装置循环使用,也可经过回收装置 回收尿素重复使用。 实施例 1
将 3kg 7.0wt%NaOH/12wt%尿素 (分析纯)混合水溶液预冷至 -12°C, 立即加入 151g干燥的棉短绒纤维素浆(聚合度 620 ), 在室 温下以 1000 rpm的转速搅拌 20分钟,纤维素完全溶解。用自制静脱 泡罐在 5°C下真空静脱泡 12小时使之脱气泡, 得到透明的纤维素溶 液。 纤维素浓溶液经加压通过直径 0.12mmx30孔的纺丝机喷丝头进 入第一凝固浴中固化, 浴液组成为 8wt%H2S04/12wt%Na2S04混合 水溶液, 浴温为 10 °C。 紧接着纤维素丝进入第二凝固浴进行再生, 浴液組成为 4wt%H2S04水溶液,浴温为 15° (。经拉伸和再生后的纤 维素丝通过水洗, ¾ 增塑剂槽上油、烘干辊烘干, 然后上卷丝筒卷 绕成丝锭,编号为 1。该丝截面为圆形(图 3 ),类似于天丝(Lyocdl ), 而且表面平滑(图 3 ), 外观柔软有光泽(图 4 ), 它不含硫还具有优 良的力学性能(表 1 )。 实施例 2
将 3kg 7.0wt%NaOH/12wt%尿素 (工业纯)混合水溶液预冷至 -12°C, 立即加入 145g干燥的棉短绒纤维素浆(聚合度 620 ), 在室 温下以 1000 rpm的转速搅拌 20分钟,纤维素完全溶解。用自制静脱 泡罐在 5°C下真空静脱泡 12小时使之脱气泡, 得到透明的纤维素溶 液。 纤维素浓溶液经加压通过直径 0.12mmx30孔的纺丝机喷丝头进 入第一凝固浴中固化, 浴液组成为 7.6wt%H2S04/12.5wt%Na2S04混 合水溶液,浴温为 15 °C。 紧接着纤维素丝 ¾ 第二凝固浴进行再生, 浴液组成为 4wt%H2S04水溶液, 浴温为 15° C。 经拉伸和再生后的 纤维素丝通过水洗, iA增塑剂槽上油、烘干辊烘干, 然后上卷丝筒 卷绕成丝锭, 编号为 2。 该丝含硫量测量为零, 是安全性高的纤维。 该丝截面为圆形, 外观柔软有光泽, 具有较高的强度。 实施例 3
将 3kg 7.5wt%NaOH/llwt%尿素(工业纯)混合水溶液预冷至 - 12°C, 立即加入 130g干燥的棉短绒纤维素浆(聚合度 440 ), 在室 温下以 700 - 1000 rpm的转速搅拌 15分钟, 纤维素完全溶解。 用自 制静脱泡罐在 5°C下真空静脱泡 5小时使之脱气泡,得到透明的纤维 素溶液。 纤维素浓溶液经加压通过直径 0.12mmx30孔的纺丝机喷丝 头进入第一凝固浴中固化, 浴液组成为 8.6wt%H2SO4/10.5wt% Na2SC 合水溶液, 浴温为 10 °C。 紧接着纤维素丝 第二凝固浴 进行再生, 浴液組成为 5wt%H2S04水溶液, 浴温为 10° (。 经拉伸 和再生后的纤维素丝通过水洗, ^增塑剂槽上油、烘干辊煤干, 然 后上卷丝筒卷绕成丝锭, 编号为 3。 该丝截面为圆形, 它不含硫外观 柔软有光泽, 具有较高的强度。 将 3kg 7wt%NaOH/12wt%尿素(工业纯)混合水溶液预冷至 -12。C, 立即加入 13(^干燥的棉短绒纤维素浆(聚合度 440 ), 在室 温下以 700 - 1000 rpm的转速搅拌 15分钟, 纤维素完全溶解。 用自 制静脱泡罐在 10°C下真空静脱泡 5小时使之脱气泡, 得到透明的纤 维素溶液。 纤维素浓溶液经加压通过直径 0.12mmx30孔的纺丝机喷 丝 头 进 入 笫 一 凝 固 浴 中 固 化 , 浴 液 组 成 为 8.7wt%H2SO4/10.9wt%Na2SO4混合水溶液,浴温为 15。C。紧接着纤 维素丝 第二凝固浴进行再生, 浴液组成为 5wt%H2S04 7j溶液, 浴温为 15 ° (:。 经拉伸和再生后的纤维素丝通过水洗, 进入增塑剂槽 上油、 烘干辊烘干, 然后上卷丝筒卷绕成丝锭, 编号为 4。 该丝舍 u 量测量为零,是安全性高的新型纤维。该丝截面为圆形, 外观柔软有 光泽, 具有较高的强度。 实施例 5
将 3kg 7wt%NaOH/12wt%尿素(工业纯)混合水溶液预冷至 -12°C, 立即加入 141g干燥的棉短绒纤维素浆(聚合度 440 ), 牟室 温下以 700 ~ 1000 rpm的转速搅拌 15分钟, 纤维素完全溶解。 用自 制静脱泡罐在 5°C下真空静脱泡 4.5小时使之脱气泡,得到透明的纤 维素溶液。 纤维素浓溶液经加压通过直径 0.12mmx75孔的纺丝机喷 丝头进入第一凝固浴中固化, 浴液组成为 10.5wt%H2SO4/10.2wt% Na2S04混合水溶液, 浴温为 13。C。 緊接着纤维素丝^第二凝固浴 进行再生, 浴液组成为 5wt%H2S047j溶液, 浴温为 13°C。 经拉伸和 再生后的纤维素丝通过水洗, ^增塑剂槽上油、烘干辊烘干, 然后 上卷丝筒卷绕成丝锭, 编号为 5。 该丝截面为圆形, 它不含硫外观柔 软有光泽, 具有较高的强度。 以上实施例得到的纤维素丝的力学性能由 XQ-1 等速伸长型纤 维强度仪测定。 它们在干态下的断裂强度和断裂伸长率总结于表 1 中。 表 1. 纤维素丝的断裂强度和断裂伸长率的力学性能实验结果 纤维素浓度 拉伸强度 断裂伸长率 编号 纤维素聚合度 化学试剂级别
( t% ) (cN/dtex) (%)
1 4.5 620 分析级 1.8 13
2 4.4 620 工业级 1.7 9
3 4.3 440 工业级 1.9 2
4 4.2 440 工业级 1.7 2
5 4.5 440 工业级 2.0 2:
需要说明的是,在本申请的说明书和权利要求中所出现的所有数 值范围均包括端值以及该范围内的所有子范围。
虽然已经参照本发明的示例性实施例具体示出并描述了本发明 , 但是本领域技术人员应该理解,可以对本发明进行形式和细节上的各 种变化而不会背离本发明的精神和范围。本发明的保护范围如所附权 利要求书所限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种以中试规模生产纤维素产品的方法, 该方法包括以下步 骤:
(a)将氢氧化钠和尿素的混合水溶液预冷至第一温度;
(b)将预冷后的混合水溶液置于第二温度下, 然后加入纤维素原 料, 并充分搅拌溶解, 制得纤维素溶液;
(c)将所述纤维素溶液过滤、 脱泡;
(d)采用中试规模的成型装置使经过过滤、脱泡的纤维素溶液形 成为纤维素产品。
2.根据权利要求 1的方法, 其中所述混合水溶液中, 氢氧化钠 的浓度为 5.0wt% ~ 12.0wt%, 优选为 6.0wt% ~ 8.0wt%, 最优 为 7.0wt% ~ 7.5wt%; 尿素的浓度为 8.0wt% ~ 20.0wt%, 优选为 10.0wt% - 20.0wt%, 最优选为 11.0wt% ~ 12.0wt%。
3.根据权利要求 1的方法,其中所述第一温度为 - 15°C ~ - 8°C , 优选为 - 13°C ~ - 10°C , 最优选为- 12°C。
4.根据权利要求 1的方法, 其中所述第二温度是 0°C ~ 20° (。
5.根据权利要求 1的方法, 其中所述纤维素原料是选自棉短绒 浆、 甘蔗渣浆、 木浆和草浆的纤维素浆料, 尤其是聚合度低于 700 的纤维素浆料, 优选聚合度为 250 ~ 650的纤维素浆料, 最优选聚合 度为 300 ~ 440的纤维素浆料。
6. 根据权利要求 5的方法, 其中所述纤维素浆料的粘均分子量 低于 1.1 X 105
7.根据权利要求 1的方法, 其中在第二温度下加入纤维素原料 后充分搅拌 10分钟,优选为 15分钟,最优选为 20分钟或更长时间。
8.根据权利要求 1 的方法, 其中所得纤维素溶液的浓度为 3.0wt% ~ 8.0wt%, 优选为 3.0 wt% ~ 7.0wt%, 更优选为 4.5 wt% - 5.5 t
9.根据权利要求 1的方法, 其中所述中试规模的成型装置选自 纺丝装置、制膜装置和造粒装置,优选湿法纺丝装置, 更优选二步凝 固浴法纺丝装置。
10.根据权利要求 1的方法,还包括通过添加其他物质生产各种 高附加值纤维素产品的步骤, 所述其他物质包括功能材料和 /或纳米 材料。
11.一种采用氢氧化钠 /尿素水溶液以中试规模生产纤维素产品 的系统, 该系统包括储液罐、搅摔罐、 过滤装置、脱泡装置和中试规 模的成型装置。
12.根据权利要求 11 的系统, 其中所述中试规模的成型装置选 自纺丝装置、制膜装置和造粒装置,优选湿法纺丝装置, 更优选二步 凝固浴法纺丝装置。
13.根据权利要求 12的系统, 其中所述二步凝固浴法纺丝装置 包括第一凝固浴和第二凝固浴; 所述第一凝固浴是 H2S04和 Na2S04 的混合水溶液,其中 H2S04的浓度为 5wt% ~20wt%,优选为 6wt% - 15wt%,最优选为 7wt%~9wt%, Na2S04的浓度为 5wt%~25wt%, 优选为 10wt% ~ 25wt%, 最优选为 10wt% ~ 15wt%, 浴温为 0 ~ 40 °C ,优选为 5 ~ 20。C ,最优选为 10 ~ 15。C;所述第二凝固浴是 3wt% - 20wt%、 优选为 3wt%~10wt%、 最优选为 4wt%~5wt%的 H2S04 7j溶液, 浴温为 0~60°C, 优选为 10~30°C, 最优选为 10~20°C。
14.根据权利要求 13的系统, 其中所述纤维素溶 喷丝后进 入第一凝固浴中进行固化和部分拉伸取向、牵伸,再: ^第二凝固浴 中进一步再生和拉伸取向, 其中喷丝时采用垂直喷丝或水平喷丝。
15.根据权利要求 12的系统, 还包括计量泵、 喷丝头、 水洗装 置、 增塑装置、 烘干装置和 /或卷绕装置, 以及用于循环使用凝固浴 的循环装置和 /或用于回收尿素的回收装置。
16.根据权利要求 1-10中任一项的方法和 /或根据权利要求 11-15 中任一项的系统的用途, 用于生产包括长丝、短纤、膜、 色 填料和 /或无紡布在内的再生纤维素产品, 所述产品还通过添加其他物质生 产各种高附加值的再生纤维素产品, 所述其他物质包括功能材料和 / 或纳米材料。
PCT/CN2006/000757 2005-05-30 2006-04-21 Procede de preparation d’une fibre de cellulose regeneree par un procede dans un bain de coagulation en deux etapes WO2006128346A1 (fr)

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EP06741700A EP1900860B1 (en) 2005-05-30 2006-04-21 Method for preparing regenerated cellulose fibre by two-step coagulating bath process
JP2008513895A JP4679641B2 (ja) 2005-05-30 2006-04-21 セルロース製品のパイロットスケール(pilotscale)製造のための非毒性プロセスおよびシステム
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