WO2006087995A1 - 高分子電解質成形体の製造方法、高分子電解質材料、高分子電解質膜および高分子電解質型燃料電池 - Google Patents
高分子電解質成形体の製造方法、高分子電解質材料、高分子電解質膜および高分子電解質型燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
- C08G65/4012—Other compound (II) containing a ketone group, e.g. X-Ar-C(=O)-Ar-X for polyetherketones
- C08G65/4056—(I) or (II) containing sulfur
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. insitu polymerisation or insitu crosslinking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1086—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
- H01M8/1088—Chemical modification, e.g. sulfonation
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2371/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
- C08J2371/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
- C08J2371/12—Polyphenylene oxides
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04197—Preventing means for fuel crossover
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a polymer electrolyte molded body, a polymer electrolyte material, a polymer electrolyte membrane, a polymer electrolyte component using the same, a membrane electrode assembly, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. It is.
- a fuel cell is a kind of power generation device that extracts electric energy by electrochemically oxidizing a fuel such as hydrogen or methanol, and has recently attracted attention as a clean energy supply source.
- polymer electrolyte fuel cells have a low standard operating temperature, around SlOO ° C, and a high energy density, so they can be used for relatively small-scale distributed power generation facilities and mobile vehicles such as automobiles and ships.
- Polymer electrolyte fuel cells are also attracting attention as power sources for small mobile devices and portable devices. Instead of secondary batteries such as nickel metal hydride batteries and lithium ion batteries, polymer electrolyte fuel cells can be used for mobile phones and personal computers. Installation is expected.
- D MFC Direct methanol fuel cells
- a fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly (hereinafter referred to as an anode and a force sword electrode where a reaction responsible for power generation occurs) and a polymer electrolyte membrane serving as a proton conductor between the anode and the cathode.
- the MEA may be abbreviated as MEA), and the cell in which the MEA is sandwiched between separators is configured as a unit.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane is mainly composed of a polymer electrolyte material.
- the required characteristics of the polymer electrolyte membrane firstly, high proton conductivity is cited. Ma
- the polymer electrolyte membrane functions as a barrier that prevents direct reaction between the fuel and oxygen, low permeability of the fuel is required.
- methanol permeation is called methanol crossover (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as MCO), resulting in the problem of reduced battery output and energy efficiency. cause.
- MCO methanol crossover
- solvent resistance is also an important characteristic from the viewpoint of long-term durability against high-concentration fuels in DMFCs that use high-concentration fuels such as methanol.
- Other required characteristics include chemical stability to withstand a strong oxidizing atmosphere during fuel cell operation, mechanical strength and physical durability to withstand repeated thin film swelling and drying. .
- Nafion registered trademark
- DuPont which is a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer
- Naphion is a polymer electrolyte membrane that has generally balanced characteristics.
- Naphion (registered trademark) is very expensive because it is produced through a multi-step synthesis, and there is a problem that fuel crossover is large to form a cluster structure.
- due to lack of hot water resistance and methanol resistance there is a problem that the mechanical strength and physical durability of the film produced by swelling and drying are lost, the soft point is low and the film cannot be used at high temperatures. There were also issues such as disposal after use and difficulty in recycling materials.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a slightly soluble aromatic polyetheretherketone sulfone product
- PSF aromatic polyethersulfone
- PES a sulfone derivative of polyethersulfone in a narrow sense
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 sulfone compounds of aromatic polyether ketones (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PEK) have been reported (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- PEK aromatic polyether ketones
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 due to its high crystallinity, in the case of a composition having a low sulfonic acid group density, there was a problem that the crystal remained, resulting in insolubility in the solvent and poor workability.
- increasing the sulfonic acid group density to improve processability causes the polymer to swell significantly in water due to its loss of crystallinity, and the strength of the resulting membrane is not only high fuel crossover. Was insufficient.
- the polymer electrolyte material according to the prior art is a means for improving economy, processability, proton conductivity, fuel crossover, solvent resistance, mechanical strength, physical durability, and long-term durability. As a result, it was not sufficient and could not be an industrially useful polymer electrolyte material for fuel cells.
- Non-Patent Document 1 “Polymer”, 1987, vol. 28, 1009.
- Non-Patent Document 2 “Journal of Membrane Science”, 83 (1993) 211-220.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-6-93114
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Translation of Special Publication 2004—528683
- Patent Document 3 US Patent Application Publication No. 2002Z0091225
- the present invention provides a polymer electrolyte material excellent in proton conductivity and excellent in fuel barrier properties, mechanical strength, physical durability, hot water resistance, heat resistant methanol properties, processability and chemical stability, and It is intended to provide a method for producing a polymer electrolyte molded body.
- the present invention also provides a polymer electrolyte membrane, a polymer electrolyte component, a membrane electrode composite, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using them.
- the present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
- the first means is to form a polymer electrolyte precursor containing a protective group and an ionic group, and then deprotect at least a part of the protective group contained in the obtained molded body.
- the polymer electrolyte molded body is obtained by the method of obtaining the polymer electrolyte molded body.
- the second means is a polymer electrolyte material containing an ionic group-containing polymer in which crystallization peaks are recognized by measurement by temperature modulation differential scanning calorimetry.
- the third means includes an ionic group-containing polymer containing at least the structural units represented by the following general formulas (Q1) and (Q3), and the general formulas (Ql) and (Q2 ) And (Q3) is a polymer electrolyte material satisfying the following formula (S1) in the molar ratio of the structural units represented by (Q3).
- a3 and a4 integer satisfying a3 + a4 l
- a5 and a6 are integers satisfying the 2 ⁇ a5 + a6 ⁇ 8.
- M 3 ⁇ M 6 is hydrogen, a metal cation and This represents a cation selected from ammonium cation.
- the phenylene group may be substituted with any group except for an ionic group.
- the fourth means is a polymer electrolyte membrane containing an ionic group-containing polymer, which has an Elmendorf tear strength measured in an atmosphere of 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50%.
- the fifth means is a polymer electrolyte membrane containing an ionic group-containing polymer, 25 C.
- the present invention is a polymer electrolyte part, a membrane electrode assembly or a polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising the above polymer electrolyte material or polymer electrolyte molded body.
- the polymer electrolyte is excellent in proton conductivity and excellent in fuel barrier properties, mechanical strength, physical durability, hot water resistance, hot methanol resistance, processability and chemical stability.
- a material and a polymer electrolyte molded body can be obtained.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using a polymer electrolyte membrane, a polymer electrolyte membrane component, or a membrane electrode assembly using them can achieve high output, high energy density, and long-term durability.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a stacked fuel cell.
- the inventors have conducted intensive research and found that the high proton conductivity, fuel barrier properties, mechanical strength, and physical durability of the polymer electrolyte material are higher than that of the polymer electrolyte material. It was found that the crystal state greatly depends on the Z amorphous state.
- one aspect of the present invention is a polymer electrolyte material including an ionic group-containing polymer in which a crystallization peak is recognized by measurement by temperature modulation differential scanning calorimetry.
- a crystallization peak is recognized by measurement by temperature modulation differential scanning calorimetry.
- the inventors of the present invention have made use of a high molecular electrolyte material containing a crystalline polymer and having a crystallizable amorphous part, so that proton conductivity, fuel barrier property, hot water resistance, heat resistant methanol property, mechanical strength, It has been found that physical durability and processability can be achieved at the same time, leading to the present invention.
- the crystalline polymer means that the polymer has a crystallizable property.
- the amorphous polymer means a polymer that is not a crystalline polymer and that does not substantially undergo crystallization. In contrast, the polymer is in a crystalline state or non- The crystalline state means that the polymer is in a crystalline state or an amorphous state, regardless of whether the polymer is crystalline or not.
- An amorphous polymer can only be in an amorphous state, but even a crystalline polymer may be in an amorphous state if the crystallization has not progressed sufficiently.
- the presence or absence of crystallinity of these polymers can be evaluated by temperature modulation differential scanning calorimetry (temperature modulation DSC).
- the crystalline state and the amorphous state can be evaluated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- the polymer electrolyte material of the present invention is evaluated at the first temperature increase in the temperature modulation DSC.
- the thermal decomposition temperature of the polymer is first confirmed by simultaneous thermogravimetric differential thermal measurement (TG-DTA), etc. Check for crystallization peak at elevated temperature. If a crystallization peak is observed above the thermal decomposition temperature, the chemical structure of the polymer may change.
- TG-DTA thermogravimetric differential thermal measurement
- the polyelectrolyte material contains a crystalline polymer and has an amorphous part that can be crystallized
- a crystallization peak is observed in the measurement by temperature modulation differential scanning calorimetry.
- the fact that a crystallization peak is observed means that a peak having a crystallization calorific value ⁇ of 0.1 ljZg or more is recognized. If no crystallization peak is observed in the temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry of polyelectrolyte material, only amorphous polymer can be used. Force or amorphous polymer containing crystalline polymer but capable of proceeding crystallization This is the case where there is no part.
- a polyelectrolyte material that only has an amorphous polymer cannot provide sufficient mechanical strength, physical durability, fuel barrier properties, hot water resistance, and hot methanol resistance.
- a polymer electrolyte material it is difficult to use high-concentration fuel, and high energy capacity and long-term durability cannot be achieved when used in a fuel cell.
- the polymer electrolyte material of the present invention is dried by temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (temperature-modulated DSC) in terms of mechanical strength, physical durability, heat-resistant methanol properties, and fuel cutoff properties. It is preferable that the heat of crystallization ⁇ g per polymer unit g is 2jZg or more. More preferably, ⁇ is 5jZg or more, more preferably lOjZg or more, and most preferably 15jZg or more. The upper limit of ⁇ is not particularly limited, but 500jZg or less is a realistic value.
- the crystallization peak is observed in the irreversible process of temperature-modulated DSC, and is observed in the range from the glass transition temperature to the melting temperature.
- the amount of crystallization heat can be calculated as the area force of the crystallization peak.
- the polymer electrolyte material of the present invention preferably has a crystallinity of less than 0.5% as measured by wide-angle X-ray diffraction.
- the degree of crystallinity is 0.5% or more, workability may be insufficient and a uniform and tough electrolyte membrane may not be obtained, or toughness may be insufficient and long-term durability may be insufficient. It is not preferable.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a polymer electrolyte molded body comprising a polymer electrolyte material containing a crystalline polymer as described above and having a crystallizable amorphous part. .
- a polymer electrolyte precursor containing a protecting group and an ionic group is molded, and then at least a part of the protecting group contained in the obtained molded product is deprotected to increase the A molecular electrolyte molded body is obtained.
- the polymer electrolyte molded body in the present invention has various forms such as plates, fibers, hollow fibers, particles, lumps, foams, and the like depending on the intended use. Can take.
- the film includes a film by coating, and is applicable to uses such as a binder for the catalyst layer.
- the present invention is particularly suitable when the polymer electrolyte molded body is a membrane. Hereinafter, the case of a film will be described.
- the crystalline polymer used in the present invention has a strong intermolecular cohesive force, it has a property of not dissolving in a general solvent.
- a protecting group in the polymer, the crystallinity of the crystalline polymer is reduced, so that solubility is imparted, and the polymer can be used for film formation.
- the polymer containing the protecting group is referred to as a polymer electrolyte precursor. Then, after the polymer electrolyte precursor is formed into a membrane or the like, at least a part of the protective group is deprotected to obtain a polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the crystalline polymer exhibits properties inherent to the polymer chain packing, intermolecular cohesion, crystallinity, and the like. As a result, it became possible to form a polymer electrolyte material having a crystalline polymer strength that could not be used conventionally.
- an amorphous state in which a crystalline polymer can be crystallized by performing film formation in a state of low crystallinity and a polymer electrolyte precursor, and then performing deprotection. It is possible to obtain a polymer electrolyte membrane while leaving such a portion.
- the polymer has greatly improved solvent resistance such as hot water resistance and methanol resistance, tensile strength and elongation, mechanical properties such as tear strength and fatigue resistance, and fuel barrier properties such as methanol and hydrogen.
- solvent resistance such as hot water resistance and methanol resistance
- tensile strength and elongation mechanical properties
- tear strength and fatigue resistance mechanical properties
- fuel barrier properties such as methanol and hydrogen.
- Examples of the protecting group used in the present invention include protecting groups generally used in organic synthesis.
- a protecting group is a substituent that is temporarily introduced on the assumption that it will be removed at a later stage, protecting highly reactive functional groups, and then deprotecting them back to their original functional groups. It can be done. That is, it is paired with a functional group to be protected.
- a reaction for introducing a protecting group is called a protecting reaction, and a reaction for removing the protecting group is called a deprotecting reaction.
- Examples of such protective reactions include Theodora W. Green (Theodora W.
- the protecting group can be appropriately selected in consideration of the reactivity and yield of the protecting reaction and deprotecting reaction, the stability of the protecting group-containing state, the production cost, and the like. It also introduces protecting groups in the polymerization reaction.
- the stage to be added can be selected as appropriate from the monomer stage, the oligomer stage force, or the polymer stage.
- protection reaction examples include a method in which the ketone moiety is protected with a ketal or a heteroatom analog of ketal, such as thioketal, and Z is deprotected. These methods are described in Chapter 4 of “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”. In addition, a method of protecting Z deprotection between sulfonic acid and a soluble ester derivative, a method of introducing a tert-butyl group into an aromatic ring and deprotecting by deprotection with protected Z acid, etc. It is done.
- an aliphatic group having a large steric hindrance is preferably used as a protective group in order to improve the solubility of the polymer in a solvent and reduce the crystallinity. It is done.
- the position of the functional group for introducing the protecting group is preferably the main chain of the polymer. Even if a protective group is introduced into the side chain portion of the polymer, the effect of lowering the crystallinity may not be sufficiently obtained.
- the functional group present in the main chain of the polymer is defined as a functional group that breaks the polymer chain when the functional group is deleted.
- the ketone group of aromatic polyether ketone is defined as a functional group that breaks the polymer chain when the functional group is deleted.
- the polymer used in the polymer electrolyte material of the present invention is a hydrocarbon polymer having an aromatic ring in the main chain in terms of mechanical strength, physical durability, chemical stability, etc., and is ionic. Those having a group are preferred. Among these, polymers having sufficient mechanical strength and physical durability that are used as engineering plastics are preferable.
- the aromatic ring may contain a hetero ring formed by only a hydrocarbon aromatic ring. In addition, it is possible to use some aliphatic units together with aromatic ring units to form polymers.
- Aromatic units include hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, aromatic groups, and aryloxy groups, halogen groups, nitro groups, cyano groups, amino groups, halogenated alkyl groups, carboxyl groups, phosphonic acid groups, hydroxyl groups, etc. And may have an arbitrary substituent.
- polysulfone polyether sulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyarylene etherol-based polymer, polyphenylene glycol, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyparaphenylene.
- Polyarylene polymer 1. Polyarylene ketone, polyether ketone, polyarylene phosphine oxide, polyether phosphine oxoxide, polybenzoxazole, polybenzthiazole, polybenzimidazole, aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyimidesulfone, etc. Polymers.
- Polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherketone, etc., as used herein are generic names for polymers having a sulfone bond, an ether bond, and a ketone bond in their molecular chains.
- Polyetherketoneketone, polyetheretherketone It includes polyetheretherketoneketone, polyetherketoneetherketoneketone, polyetherketonesulfone, etc., and does not limit the specific polymer structure.
- Polymer strength such as hydroxide, polyether phosphine phosphoxide, etc. Mechanical strength, physical durability, processability and hydrolysis resistance are also preferred.
- Specific examples include polymers having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (T1).
- Zeta 2 represents an organic group containing an aromatic ring.
- two or more kinds of groups may be used. At least a part of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 contains an ionic group.
- ⁇ 1 represents an electron-withdrawing group.
- ⁇ 2 represents oxygen or sulfur.
- a and b each independently represent 0 or a positive integer. However, a and b are not 0 at the same time.
- Preferred organic groups as Z 1 and Z 2 are a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, and a biphenylene group. These may be substituted. From the standpoint of solubility and availability of raw materials, it is more preferable that both Z 1 and Z 2 are phenol groups. Most preferably, Z 1 and Z 2 are both p-phenylene groups.
- Preferable examples of Y 1 include an organic group such as a sulfol group, a carbo ol group, and a phosphoryl group. Of these, the carbonyl group is preferred!
- a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (T11) to the general formula (T16) is It is more preferable in terms of hydrolysis resistance, mechanical strength, physical durability and production cost.
- 7 Z 2 , a and b are the same as described above.
- Preferred examples of the organic group represented by are methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, norbornyl group, bur group, aryl group, benzyl group, phenyl group. -Luyl group, naphthyl group, and phenol-phenol group. In terms of industrial availability, the most preferred is a phenol group.
- an aromatic polyether polymer in which Y 2 is oxygen is more preferable in terms of mechanical strength, physical durability, and production cost.
- the main chain structure has good packing properties and extremely strong intermolecular cohesive strength, so that it exhibits crystallinity and does not dissolve at all in general solvents. Also, tensile strength and elongation, tear strength, and fatigue resistance
- an aromatic polyetherketone (PEK) polymer that is, a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (T13) is particularly preferable.
- the aromatic polyether ketone polymer is a general term for polymers having at least an ether bond and a ketone bond in the molecular chain thereof.
- high molecular electrolyte materials containing divalent phenol residues represented by the general formulas (X-1) to (X-17) are mechanical properties, solvent resistance, fuel barrier properties, long-term durability, etc. It can be preferably used because of its excellent performance. More preferred are divalent phenol residues represented by the general formulas (X-1) to (X-5), (X-7), (X-14), (X-17), and most preferred It is a divalent phenol residue represented by the formulas (X-1) to (X-5).
- the divalent phenol residues represented by the general formulas (X-18) to (X-28) are hydrophobic! / ⁇ has the effect of increasing the rigidity, and thus has an effect of suppressing fuel permeation. Since it is effective in improving the dimensional stability in a large fuel, it can be preferably used. Among them, more preferred are those represented by the general formula (X-21) and the general formula (X-22), and particularly preferred is a divalent phenol residue represented by the general formula (X-21). It is.
- the ionic group used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an atomic group having a negative charge, but preferably has a proton exchange ability.
- a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonimide group, a sulfuric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, and a carboxylic acid group are preferably used.
- the sulfonic acid group is a group represented by the following general formula (fl)
- the sulfonimide group is a group represented by the following general formula (f2) [in the general formula, R represents an arbitrary atomic group.
- the acid group is represented by the following general formula (f3)
- the phosphonic acid group is represented by the following general formula (f4)
- the phosphoric acid group is represented by the following general formula (f5) or (f6).
- carboxylic acid group means a group represented by the following general formula (f7).
- the ionic group includes a case where the functional groups (f1) to (f7) are converted into salts.
- the cation forming the salt any metal cation, NR + (R is any
- the metal cation can be used without being particularly limited.
- Specific examples of preferable metal ions include Li, Na, K, Rh, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ti, Al, Fe, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, and Pd.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane Na or K which is inexpensive and does not adversely affect the solubility and can be easily proton-substituted is more preferably used. Two or more of these ionic groups can be contained in the polymer electrolyte.
- a group selected from a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonimide group, and a sulfuric acid group is preferable from the viewpoint of high proton conductivity.
- a sulfonic acid group is most preferred from the viewpoint of hydrolysis resistance.
- a polymer electrolyte precursor containing a protecting group is synthesized.
- a preferred example of a constitutional unit containing a protecting group constituting the polyelectrolyte precursor is one in which the ketone moiety represented by the following general formulas (P1) and (P2) is protected with a ketal or thioketal. .
- P1 and P2 the ketone moiety represented by the following general formulas (P1) and (P2) is protected with a ketal or thioketal.
- Ar Ar is an arbitrary divalent arylene group, R and
- R is at least one group selected from H and an alkyl group, R is any alkylene
- the group E represents oxygen or sulfur.
- two or more kinds of groups may be used.
- the groups represented by the general formulas (P1) and (P2) are optionally substituted!
- R and R are more preferably an alkyl group from the viewpoint of the stability of the protecting group.
- R is an alkylene group having 17 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of the stability of the protecting group.
- the polymer electrolyte precursor includes the above general formula from the viewpoint of stability such as hydrolysis resistance.
- Ar and Ar are both fullerene groups in the general formula (P2), that is, the following general formula (P3), because of solubility and easy availability of raw materials.
- Ar and Ar are both p
- phenylene group may be substituted as described above.
- Examples of the method for protecting the ketone moiety with a ketal include a method in which a compound having a ketone group is reacted with a monofunctional and Z or bifunctional alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- the alcohol is preferably an aliphatic monofunctional alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aliphatic bifunctional alcohol having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. From the viewpoint of the stability of the protecting group, a bifunctional alcohol is more preferable.
- bifunctional alcohol examples include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 2,3 butanediol, 2-methyl-1,2 propanediol, 2-methyl-2,3 butanediol, 2,3 dimethyl-2,3 butane Powers including diol, 1,3 propanediol, 2,2 dimethyl-1,3 propanediol and the like are not limited to these. Of these, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol is preferred because of the stability of the protecting group.
- a solid catalyst as the catalyst and perform the reaction in the presence of an alkyl orthoester.
- alkyl orthoester examples include trimethyl orthoformate, triethyl orthoformate, trimethyl orthoacetate, triethyl orthoacetate, tetramethyl orthosilicate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and the like.
- compounds that are easily hydrolyzed to form a volatile product such as 2,2 dimethoxypropane and 2,2 dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, can be used in place of the orthoester.
- the solid catalyst is preferably a particulate acidic alumina silica compound, most preferably a montmorillonite clay as exemplified by montmorillonite called K-10 (for example, a reagent manufactured by Aldrich).
- Other solid acidic catalysts with high surface areas can also be used effectively as catalysts. These include acidic alumina, sulfonated polymer resin, etc.
- the alcohol is preferably added in an amount of about 1 equivalent or more, preferably an excess amount, relative to the ketone group.
- the orthoester is also preferably added in an amount of about 1 equivalent or more, preferably an excess amount, relative to the ketone group.
- the solid catalyst is preferably used in an amount of at least lg per equivalent of ketone group, preferably 10 g or more per equivalent of ketone group. The solid catalyst can be reused because even a large excess of solid is easily removed by filtration.
- the reaction is performed in the presence of an inert solvent, if necessary.
- the reaction is carried out at a temperature ranging from about 25 ° C to around the boiling point of the orthoester used. Preferably, it is carried out at a temperature lower than the boiling point of the orthoester reaction product lower than the boiling point of the orthoester.
- methanol boiling point 65 ° C
- trimethyl orthoformate (boiling point 102 ° C)
- a reaction temperature of 102 ° C is preferred.
- the reaction temperature can be adjusted appropriately when the reaction is carried out under reduced pressure or elevated pressure.
- a standard isolation method can be used as long as appropriate care is taken not to make the system acidic. Recrystallization of the isolated reaction product, or other extensive purification, is unnecessary before the ketalized monomer is used in the production of the polymer.
- the reaction mixture is diluted with an ethyl acetate solvent, the solid catalyst is removed by filtration, the solution is extracted with basic water to remove excess alcohol, and a conventional desiccant such as anhydrous sodium sulfate is used. Remove moisture, volatilize with solvent Objects are removed under vacuum.
- reaction product that may still contain some unreacted ketone.
- this reaction product can be used in the production of the polymer without further purification. It is possible to remove the unreacted ketone by recrystallization using a general solvent such as toluene.
- a method for obtaining a polymer protected by a ketal will be described with respect to an example of an aromatic polyether polymer.
- the method for synthesizing the aromatic polyether-based polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of substantially increasing the molecular weight. It can be synthesized using an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction of a phenolic compound or an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction of a halogenated aromatic phenolic compound.
- the aromatic polyether polymer containing the structural unit represented by the general formula (P1) or (P2) is a divalent phenolic compound represented by the following general formula (PI -It can be synthesized by the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction with an aromatic active dihalide compound using the compound represented by 1) or (P2-1).
- the structural units represented by the general formulas (P1) and (P2) may be derived from either the bivalent phenolic compound or the aromatic active dinolide compound, but in consideration of the reactivity of the monomer reactivity. It is more preferable to use a divalent phenolic compound.
- Ar to Ar are any divalent arylene group
- R and R are H and alkyl groups
- R is any alkylene group
- E is oxygen or sulfur
- the compounds represented by general formula (P1-1) and general formula (P2-1) may be optionally substituted.
- Particularly preferred examples of the divalent phenolic compound include compounds represented by the following general formulas (rl) to (rlO), and derivatives thereof.
- the compounds represented by the general formulas (r4) to (rlO) are more preferable from the viewpoint of stability, more preferably the general formulas (r4) and (r5) And a compound represented by (r9), most preferably a compound represented by formula (r4).
- the aromatic active dinolide compound is not particularly limited as long as it can have a high molecular weight by an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction with a divalent phenol compound.
- the aromatic active dihalide compound include 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4,1-difluorodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl ketone, 4,4, difluoride.
- Lodiphenyl ketone 4,4'-dichlorodiphenylphenylphosphine oxide, 4,4'-difluorodiphenylphenylphosphine oxide, 2,6 dichlorobenzo nitrile, 2,6 difluro Azo-tolyl, etc.
- 4, 4, 1-dichlorodiphenyl ketone, or 4, 4, difluorodiphenyl ketone has the advantages of providing crystallinity, mechanical strength, physical durability, heat resistance methanol resistance and fuel barrier properties.
- 4,4′-difluorophenyl ketone is most preferred.
- These aromatic active dihalide compounds can be used alone or in combination with a plurality of aromatic active dinolide compounds.
- halogenated aromatic phenol compound examples include 4-hydroxy-4, monochlorobenzofenone, 4-hydroxy-1-4'-fluobenzobenzophenone, 4-hydroxy-1-4'-crodione diphenol-norethnorephone, 4 —Hydroxy-1,4-phenolorephenol-norethnolephone, 4 -— (4, monohydroxybiphenyl) (4--black mouthwater) sulfone, 4 -— (4,1-hydroxybiphenyl) (4-fluorophenol) ) Sulfone, 4- (4,1-hydroxybiphenyl) (4-cylinder), 4- (4,1-hydroxybiphenyl) (4-fluorophenol) ketone, etc.
- reaction between the active dihalogen aromatic compound and the aromatic dihydroxy compound is carried out by synthesizing the halogen ether aromatic phenol compound together to synthesize an aromatic polyether compound. Also good.
- halogen-aromatic hydroxy compounds that contain a protecting group.
- a monomer having an ionic group is also preferably used in combination.
- Compound containing ionic group introduced into aromatic active dihalide compound It is preferable to use as a monomer that the amount of ionic groups contained in the resulting polymer can be precisely controlled. From the viewpoint of proton conductivity and hydrolysis resistance, the sulfonic acid group is most preferred as the ionic group contained in the monomer, but it may have other ionic groups.
- Examples of monomers having sulfonic acid groups as ionic groups include 3, 3, -disulfonate—4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone, 3,3, -disulfonate—4,4, monodifluorophenylsulfone, 3 , 3,1 disulfonate 1,4,4,1 dichroic diphenyl ketone, 3, 3, -disulfonate—4,4'-difluorodiphenyl ketone, 3, 3,1 disulfonate 4,4'-dichlorodiphenol -Luphyl-phosphine oxide, 3, 3, disulfonate-4, 4, -difluorodiphenyl-phosphine phosphine oxide, and the like.
- 3 'disulfonate-4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl ketone, 3,3,1 disulfonate—4,4'-difluorinated diketone are more preferable in terms of heat-resistant methanol resistance and fuel barrier properties.
- 3,3,1 disulfonate 4,4, -difluorodiphenyl ketone is most preferred.
- the sulfonic acid group is preferably a salt with a monovalent cation species.
- monovalent cation species include sodium, potassium, other metal species, and various ammonium cations.
- the sulfonic acid group in the polymer used as the polymer electrolyte material may be introduced by block copolymerization or random copolymerization. It can be appropriately selected depending on the chemical structure and the crystallinity of the polymer used. Random copolymerization is more preferred when fuel barrier properties and low water content are required, and block copolymerization is more preferably used when proton conductivity and high water content are required.
- Polymerization by aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain an aromatic polyether polymer can be carried out by reacting a mixture of the above monomers in the presence of a basic compound. .
- the polymerization is preferably carried out in the temperature range of 0 to 350 ° C, more preferably 50 to 250 ° C. When the reaction temperature is lower than 0 ° C, the reaction does not proceed sufficiently. When the reaction temperature is higher than 350 ° C, decomposition of the polymer also tends to start.
- the reaction can be carried out in the absence of a solvent, but is preferably carried out in a solvent.
- Preferred solvents are N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphontriamide, etc. Mention may be made of protic polar solvents. Any solvent can be used as long as it can be used as a stable solvent in the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. These organic solvents can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- Preferred basic compounds include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and the like. Any aromatic diol can be used as long as it can make an active phenoxide structure.
- water may be generated as a by-product.
- water can be removed from the system as an azeotrope by coexisting an azeotropic agent such as toluene in the reaction system.
- an azeotropic agent such as toluene in the reaction system.
- One way to remove water from the system is to use a water absorbent such as molecular sieves.
- reaction is preferably carried out under an inert atmosphere.
- the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction is performed in a solvent, it is preferable to charge the monomer so that the resulting polymer concentration is 5 to 50% by weight. If it is less than 5% by weight, the degree of polymerization tends to be difficult to increase. On the other hand, when it is more than 50% by weight, the viscosity of the reaction system becomes high and the post-treatment of the reaction product tends to be difficult.
- the solvent is removed from the reaction solution by evaporation, and the residue is washed as necessary to obtain the desired polymer.
- the organic salt is removed, the polymer is precipitated as a solid, and the polymer is removed by filtration of the precipitate. You can also get it.
- the recovered polymer is optionally washed with water, alcohol or other solvent and dried. Halide or phenoxide end groups can optionally be reacted with phenoxide or halide end capping agents that form stable end groups.
- the protective groups of the polymer electrolyte precursor thus obtained is deprotected to obtain a polymer electrolyte material.
- a method for obtaining a polymer electrolyte molded body after molding a polymer electrolyte precursor, deprotecting it to obtain a polymer electrolyte molded body, and deprotecting the polymer electrolyte precursor to obtain a polymer electrolyte material
- a method of molding the polymer electrolyte material after it is obtained from the viewpoint of mechanical strength, physical durability, and solvent resistance, a method of acid treatment after forming the polymer electrolyte precursor into a film or the like is preferable.
- the molded body is a film and the protecting group is a ketal group will be described in detail.
- the method of forming the polymer electrolyte precursor into a film is not particularly limited, but a method of forming a film from a solution state, a method of forming a film from a molten state, and the like are possible.
- the polymer electrolyte precursor is dissolved in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, the solution is cast on a glass plate or the like, and the solvent is removed to form a film. Can be illustrated.
- the solvent used for film formation is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the aromatic polyether polymer and then remove it, for example, N, N dimethylacetamide, N, N dimethylformamide, N —Aprotic polar solvents such as methyl 2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, 1,3 dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphontriamide, y ester solvents such as butyrolataton, butyl acetate, ethylene carbonate, Carbonate solvents such as propylene carbonate, ethylene glycol monomethyl etherol, ethylene glycol monoethanolo tenole, propylene glycol monomethyl etherate, alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as propylene glycol monoethyl ether, or isopropanol Alcohol solvents such as alcohol, water and mixtures thereof are preferably used. Aprotic polar solvents are preferred because they have the highest solubility.
- a tough membrane by subjecting the polymer solution prepared to the required solid content concentration to atmospheric filtration or pressure filtration to remove foreign substances present in the polymer electrolyte solution. It is.
- the filter medium used here is not particularly limited. A filter or a metallic filter is suitable. In the filtration, the pore size of the smallest filter through which the polymer solution passes is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the deprotection reaction of the ketal-protected ketone moiety can be performed in the presence of water and acid under heterogeneous or homogeneous conditions. Specifically, it is possible to deprotect the formed film by immersing it in an aqueous solution of an acid catalyst.
- Suitable acid catalysts include strong mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, fluorosulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, and strong organic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and the like.
- the acid catalyst is preferably used at a concentration of 0.1 to 50% by weight of water present.
- the amount of the acidic aqueous solution is preferably 1 to L00 times with respect to the polymer electrolyte material by weight ratio, but may be used in a large excess.
- the amount can be easily deprotected by immersing in a 6N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and heating at 95 ° C. for 1 to 48 hours. It is also possible to deprotect most of the protecting groups by immersion in a 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution at 25 ° C for 24 hours.
- the deprotection conditions are not limited to these, and the deprotection may be performed using an acid gas, an organic acid, or the like, or may be performed by heat treatment.
- the remaining content of the structural unit selected from the general formula (P1) or (P2) is selected from the group consisting of crystallinity, mechanical properties, heat-resistant methanol properties, and fuel. It is preferably 50 mol% or less with respect to the total molar amount of all divalent phenol residues in terms of blocking properties. Among these, from the viewpoint of mechanical properties, fuel cutoff and dimensional stability, it is preferably 20 mol% or less, more preferably 5 mol% or less, and most preferably below the detection limit.
- the above general formula (1) is added to the total molar amount of all divalent phenolic compounds. It is preferable that the total molar amount of P1-1) and (P2-1) is 5 mol% or more. If the total molar amount of the general formulas (PI-1) and (P2-1) is less than 5 mol%, the solubility may be insufficient and the film forming property may be insufficient.
- the total mole amount of the general formulas (P1-1) and (P2-1) is more preferably 30 mol% or more in terms of the effect of improving solubility. More than 45 mol%.
- Those containing a large amount of the structural units represented by the general formulas (P1) and Z or (P2) are excellent in solubility and cacheability, and therefore, in producing an extremely tough polymer electrolyte membrane, It can be particularly preferably used as the soluble polymer electrolyte material for molding.
- the content of the structural unit selected from the general formula (P1) or (P2) force is measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (NMR) after dissolving in a solvent when the polymer electrolyte material is solvent-soluble. It is preferable to do. However, when the polymer electrolyte material is solvent-insoluble, measurement of solid 13 C-CPZMAS nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum is a suitable quantitative method.
- the amount of protecting groups in the polymer electrolyte material is determined by thermogravimetry (TGA), temperature analysis by thermal desorption mass spectrometry (TPD—MS), pyrolysis gas chromatograph, thermal Measurement results such as decomposition GC-MS and infrared absorption spectrum (IR) can also be referenced.
- TGA thermogravimetry
- TPD—MS thermal desorption mass spectrometry
- pyrolysis gas chromatograph pyrolysis gas chromatograph
- thermal Measurement results such as decomposition GC-MS and infrared absorption spectrum (IR) can also be referenced.
- the polymer electrolyte material contains the general formula (P2) as a structural unit, and R is-
- TPD—MS temperature-programmed thermal desorption-mass spectrometry
- the evolved gas analysis detects at least C H O gas and Z or C H O gas.
- the total amount of gas generated is preferably 20% by weight or less based on the dry weight of the polymer electrolyte material.
- solvent resistance and mechanical properties it is more preferably 1% by weight or less, more preferably 0.3% by weight or less, and most preferably 0.1% by weight or less.
- it is used as a soluble polymer electrolyte material for molding it is more preferably 1% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less from the viewpoint of solvent solubility.
- the molecular weight of the polymer used as the polymer electrolyte material thus obtained is preferably 0.1 to 5 million, more preferably 10,000 to 500,000 in terms of polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight.
- a crystalline polymer By passing through the production method of the present invention, a crystalline polymer can be made soluble, and a uniform and tough film can be obtained. This makes it possible to obtain a polymer electrolyte membrane that is uniform, tough, and excellent in fuel cutoff and solvent resistance.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a polymer electrolyte material having a specific preferred structure.
- the polymer electrolyte material of the present invention contains at least an ionic group-containing polymer containing structural units represented by the following general formulas (Q1) and (Q3), that is, an aromatic polyetherketone polymer.
- the molar ratio of the structural units represented by the general formulas (Ql), (Q2), and (Q3) satisfies the formula (S1).
- a5 and a6 are integers that satisfy 2 ⁇ a5 + a6 ⁇ 8.
- M 3 to M 6 represent hydrogen ions, metal cations, and ammonium cation forces.
- X, Y and Z are the mole fractions of each structural unit based on the total molar amount of the structural units represented by the general formulas (Ql), (Q2) and (Q3).
- X represents (Ql)
- Y represents (Q2)
- Z represents the molar content of the structural unit represented by (Q3)
- the fullerene group may be substituted with any group except the ionic group, but has no substituent other than the ionic group. It is preferable in terms of crystallinity.
- the structural unit represented by the general formula (Q1) is crystalline. More effective components to improve mechanical strength, physical durability, solvent resistance, etc.
- the structural unit represented by Q3) is a component imparting proton conductivity, and is a particularly preferable structural unit for the present invention.
- the component represented by the general formula (Q2) is not effective in terms of crystallinity and proton conductivity, and if contained in a large amount, mechanical strength, physical durability and proton conductivity In some cases, the solvent resistance is insufficient.
- the polymer electrolyte material satisfying the formula (S 1) has few structural units represented by the general formula (Q2) and many structural units represented by the general formulas (Q1) and (Q3).
- solvent resistance such as hot water resistance and methanol resistance
- mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation, tear strength and fatigue resistance, and fuel cutoff.
- chemical stability that is, radical resistance and acid resistance.
- P1-1) or ( ⁇ 2-1) and an aromatic group having an ionic group A polymer in which the amount of ionic groups and the position of introduction are precisely controlled can be obtained by conducting a deprotection reaction after reacting active dino and lide compounds.
- ⁇ is 0.1 or less. Most preferable is ⁇ .
- X is preferably 0.5 or more, and most preferably 0.7 or more.
- the cocoon is preferably 0.05 or more and 0.4 or less, and most preferably 0.1 or more and 0.3 or less.
- the polymer electrolyte material preferably contains 50 wt% or more of the structural units represented by the general formulas (Q1) and (Q3) based on the polymer.
- the structural unit represented by the general formula (Q3) is sandwiched between the structural units represented by the general formula (Q1). Rarely prefers to speak. If the structural units represented by formula (Q3) are adjacent to each other, mechanical strength, physical durability and solvent resistance may be insufficient.
- the structural unit represented by the general formula Q1 may be one in which a ketone group is protected with a protecting group!
- the structural unit represented by the general formula (Q1) is preferably a structural unit represented by the following general formula (Q4).
- the structural unit represented by the general formula (Q3) is preferably a structural unit represented by the following general formula (Q5).
- the structural unit represented by the following general formula (Q6) and the structural unit represented by the following general formula (Q7) Most preferred is a polymer electrolyte material.
- the amount of sulfonic acid groups in the polymer electrolyte can be expressed as a value of sulfonic acid group density (mmol / g).
- the sulfonic acid group density of the polymer electrolyte is preferably 0.1 to 5.
- Ommol / g from the viewpoint of proton conductivity, fuel barrier property, mechanical strength, and physical durability, and more preferably, 0 5 to 2.5 mmol / g, and most preferably 0.8 to 2.0 mmol / g in terms of fuel cutoff.
- the sulfonic acid group density force is lower than 0.1 mmol / g, and the proton conductivity is low, so that sufficient power generation characteristics may not be obtained. If it is higher than g, sufficient water resistance and mechanical strength when containing water may not be obtained.
- the sulfonic acid group density is the number of moles of sulfonic acid group introduced per gram of the dried polymer electrolyte, and the larger the value, the larger the amount of sulfonic acid groups.
- the sulfonic acid group density can be determined by elemental analysis or neutralization titration.
- the polymer electrolyte does not contain a sulfur source other than the sulfonic acid group, it is preferable to calculate the SZC specific power using an elemental analysis method for ease of measurement.
- sulfur sources other than sulfonic acid groups are included, it is preferable to obtain the ion exchange capacity by a neutralization titration method.
- the polyelectrolyte material of the present invention includes an embodiment in which the polymer electrolyte material is a composite containing components other than the polymer having an ionic group as will be described later. In this case as well, the sulfonic acid group density is based on the total amount of the composite. Suppose you want. [0148] The procedure for neutralization titration is as follows. The measurement shall be performed at least three times and the average shall be taken.
- the sulfonic acid group density is determined by the following formula.
- the polymer electrolyte material preferably has excellent solvent resistance from the viewpoint of fuel barrier properties and high energy capacity due to the use of high-concentration fuel.
- the weight loss after dipping the polymer electrolyte material in 100 ° C N-methylpyrrolidone for 2 hours is preferably 70% by weight or less. Alcohols such as methanol are often used as the liquid fuel.
- N-methylpyrrolidone having excellent solubility is used for the solvent resistance evaluation regardless of the polymer type.
- the weight loss is 50% by weight or less, most preferably 30% by weight or less.
- the fuel shield Insufficient mechanical strength, physical durability, and long-term durability due to lack of crystallinity due to cutting ability alone, or when used for DMFC, which uses high-temperature, high-concentration aqueous methanol as fuel, This is not preferable because the film dissolves or swells greatly.
- weight loss of the strong polymer electrolyte material relative to N-methylpyrrolidone is measured by the method described in the Examples.
- the polymer electrolyte material includes crystallization nucleating agents, plasticizers, stabilizers, antioxidants, release agents, and other additives used for ordinary polymer compounds, various polymers, elastomers, and the like. Further, fillers, fine particles and the like can be added within a range not violating the object of the present invention.
- the polymer electrolyte material of the present invention is suitably used as a polymer electrolyte molded article. Since the polymer electrolyte material of the present invention can be suitably used particularly as a polymer electrolyte membrane, the polymer electrolyte membrane will be further described below.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane can be produced by the aforementioned method for producing a molded article.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane can be proton-substituted by being immersed in an acidic aqueous solution as necessary.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane is preferably heat-treated before proton substitution.
- the temperature of this heat treatment is preferably 150 to 550 ° C, more preferably 160 to 400 ° C, and particularly preferably 180 to 350 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 10 seconds to 12 hours, more preferably 30 seconds to 6 hours, and particularly preferably 1 minute to 1 hour.
- the polymer structure can be further cross-linked by means such as radiation irradiation, if necessary.
- radiation irradiation By cross-linking a strong polymer electrolyte membrane, the fuel barrier property, the effect of suppressing swelling with respect to the fuel, and the mechanical strength may be improved, which may be preferable.
- intense radiation irradiation include electron beam irradiation and ⁇ -ray irradiation.
- the thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane is preferably 1 to 2000 m. Obtaining the strength of a membrane that can withstand practical use In order to reduce the membrane resistance that is preferred to be thicker than 1 ⁇ m, that is, to improve power generation performance, it is thinner than 2000 ⁇ m! A more preferred thickness range is 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and a particularly preferred range is 5 to 250 m. Such a film thickness can be controlled by the solution concentration or the coating thickness on the substrate.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane includes an additive such as a crystallization nucleating agent, a plasticizer, a stabilizer, an antioxidant, or a mold release agent, which is used for ordinary polymer compounds. It can be added within the range that does not contradict.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane has various polymers, elastomers, and fillers for the purpose of improving mechanical strength, thermal stability, workability, and the like within a range that does not adversely affect the above-mentioned various properties.
- Fine particles, various additives, and the like may be included. Further, it may be reinforced with a microporous membrane, non-woven fabric, mesh or the like.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane under conditions of 20 ° C, methanol permeation amount per unit area is 40 ⁇ mol'min _1 'cm_ 2 or less it is not preferable for the 30 wt% aqueous methanol solution.
- methanol permeation amount per unit area is 40 ⁇ mol'min _1 'cm_ 2 or less it is not preferable for the 30 wt% aqueous methanol solution.
- high output and high energy capacity can be obtained in a region where the fuel concentration is high.
- high fuel shielding is desired.
- Methanol permeation is measured after immersing the polymer electrolyte membrane in pure water at 25 ° C for 24 hours.
- the methanol permeation rate is most preferably 0 11101 '11 ⁇ 1 _ 1 ' «11 _2, but from the viewpoint of ensuring proton conductivity, 0. Ol / z mol'min— ⁇ cnT 2 or more is preferable.
- the methanol permeation amount per unit area (unit thickness with respect to a 1 mol% aqueous methanol solution) at 20 ° C is preferably lOOnmolZminZcm or less. More preferably, it is 50 nmolZminZcm or less, and still more preferably lOnmolZminZcm or less. Maintain high fuel concentration from the viewpoint of high fuel concentration in a fuel cell using a membrane of a polymer electrolyte material, and high output and high energy capacity in a region! This is a force that requires a small amount of fuel permeation. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of ensuring proton conductivity, 0. OlnmolZminZcm or more is preferable.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention is a 1 mol% aqueous methanol solution at 20 ° C. It is preferable that the permeation amount of methanol per unit area of the liquid is 5 ⁇ molZminZcm 2 or less.
- the amount of fuel permeation to maintain the fuel concentration is high. They are the ones that want to be small.
- the methanol permeation rate is more preferably 2 / z molZminZcm 2 or less, and most preferably 1 ⁇ molZminZcm 2 or less. From the viewpoint of ensuring proton conductivity, it is preferably 0.01 ⁇ molZminZcm 2 or more! /.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane, the proton conductivity per unit area lS cm- 2 or more 'cm- 2 or more that preferably tool 2S is' is more preferable.
- Proton conductivity is measured by the constant-potential AC impedance method, which is performed as quickly as possible after immersing the polymer electrolyte membrane in pure water at 25 ° C for 24 hours, taking it out in an atmosphere at 25 ° C and relative humidity of 50-80%. be able to.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane preferably has a proton conductivity per unit area and unit thickness of 10 mS / cm or more. More preferably, it is 20 mSZcm or more, and still more preferably 50 mS / cm or more. From the fact that the proton conductivity per unit area 'unit thickness is 10 mS / cm or more, sufficient proton conductivity, that is, sufficient battery output can be obtained when used as a polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells. it can. Higher proton conductivity is preferred, but if it is too high, a membrane with high proton conductivity is likely to be dissolved and disintegrated by a fuel such as methanol water, and the amount of fuel permeation tends to increase. The upper limit should be 5000mS / cm! / ⁇ .
- the polymer electrolyte membrane preferably achieves both the low methanol permeation amount and the high proton conductivity as described above, and also has the advantage of achieving both high output and high energy capacity.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a polymer electrolyte membrane containing an ionic group-containing polymer having an Elmendorf tear strength of 45 NZcm or less measured in an atmosphere at 23 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%.
- a polymer electrolyte membrane of lOOONZcm is a polymer electrolyte membrane containing an ionic group-containing polymer having an Elmendorf tear strength of 45 NZcm or less measured in an atmosphere at 23 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%.
- a polymer electrolyte membrane of lOOONZcm is a polymer electrolyte membrane of lOOONZcm.
- the Elmendorf tear strength of the polymer electrolyte membrane is preferably 8 ONZcm or more, and most preferably 120 NZcm or more, from the viewpoint of physical durability. If the Elmendorf tear strength is less than 45 NZcm, the film may be broken if used under conditions where power generation is continued for a long time or swelling and drying is repeated, such being undesirable. The higher the Elmendorf tear strength, the better, but the higher the tendency, the lower the proton conductivity, so a realistic upper limit is lOOONZcm. The Elmendorf tear strength of a strong polymer electrolyte membrane is measured by the method described in the Examples.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a polymer electrolyte membrane containing an ionic group-containing polymer, wherein the tensile breaking strength in an atmosphere at 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 60% is 80 MPa or more and lOOOMPa or less.
- the tensile strength at break of the polymer electrolyte membrane is preferably lOOMPa or more, and most preferably 12 OMPa or more.
- the tensile elongation at break is preferably 250% or more, more preferably 350% or more. Most preferably, the tensile strength at break is 120 MPa or more in an atmosphere of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 60%. lOOOMPa or less and tensile elongation at break from 350% to 1000%.
- the creep resistance may be insufficient and damage due to the thin film may easily occur. Further, when the tensile elongation at break is less than 100%, it is not preferable because the toughness is insufficient and the film may be broken if used under conditions where power generation is continued for a long time or swelling and drying are repeated.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane preferably has a tensile elastic modulus of not less than 0.8 GPa and not more than 5 GPa in an atmosphere at 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 60%. More preferably, it is 1 GPa or more and 3 GPa or less, and most preferably 1.2 GPa or more and 2.5 GPa or less. If the tensile modulus is less than 0.8 GPa, long-term durability may be insufficient due to poor creep resistance. If the tensile modulus exceeds 5 GPa, adhesion to the catalyst layer may be weak, or the film may be easily broken due to insufficient toughness.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane preferably has a tensile yield point strength force S30 MPa or more in an atmosphere of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 60%. Furthermore, it is preferably 50 MPa or more. If it is less than 30 MPa, the long-term durability may be insufficient due to inferior creep resistance, and the film may be broken if used under conditions such as repeated swelling and drying.
- Tensile rupture strength, tensile rupture elongation, tensile elastic modulus, and tensile yield point strength of the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane can be obtained by measuring tensile strength and elongation. Tensile strength and elongation are measured by the method described in the examples.
- the polymer electrolyte material or polymer electrolyte molded article of the present invention can be applied to various applications.
- medical applications such as extracorporeal circulation columns and artificial skin, filtration applications, ion exchange resin applications, various structural material applications, and electrochemical applications. It is also suitable as artificial muscle.
- electrochemical applications it can be preferably used for various electrochemical applications.
- the electrochemical use include a fuel cell, a redox flow battery, a water electrolysis device, a black-hole alkali electrolysis device, and the like, among which the fuel cell is most preferable.
- the polymer electrolyte material of the present invention when used for a fuel cell, it can be particularly suitably used as a binder for a polymer electrolyte membrane or a catalyst layer.
- the polymer electrolyte material of the present invention can be suitably used for polymer electrolyte parts.
- a polymer electrolyte component is a polymer electrolyte material. Alternatively, it means a part using a polymer electrolyte molded body.
- the polymer electrolyte component also includes a polymer electrolyte material or a complex with a material other than a polymer electrolyte molded body, such as a membrane electrode complex.
- a membrane electrode composite is a component in which a polymer electrolyte membrane and an electrode are combined.
- the temperature and pressure may be appropriately selected depending on the thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane, the moisture content, the catalyst layer, and the electrode substrate. Further, in the present invention, it is possible to form a composite film by pressing even when the polymer electrolyte membrane is in a dry state or in a state of absorbing water. Specific pressing methods include a roll press that specifies pressure and clearance, and a flat plate press that specifies pressure. In view of industrial productivity and suppression of thermal decomposition of the polymer electrolyte material having an ionic group, it is preferable to perform in the range of 0 ° C to 250 ° C.
- a pressure of 1 OMPa or less is preferable.
- this method when power generation is repeated as a fuel cell, deterioration of the polymer electrolyte membrane presumed to be caused by a short-circuited portion tends to be suppressed, and the durability as a fuel cell is improved.
- the decomposition temperature of ionic groups is close! In this case, it is difficult to adopt a temperature higher than the softening temperature or glass transition temperature of the polymer electrolyte material. However, decomposition is suppressed by using this ionic group as a metal salt, and the temperature is higher than the softening temperature or glass transition temperature of the polymer electrolyte material. Can be hot pressed.
- the ionizable group of the polymer electrolyte material such as the binder in the electrode or the polymer electrolyte membrane is a sulfonic acid group
- manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly it is also preferable to place an interface resistance reducing layer between the electrode and the polymer electrolyte membrane when the electrode and the polymer electrolyte membrane are combined.
- the interfacial resistance reduction layer also penetrates into the cracks generated in the electrode catalyst layer, and the internal wall surface of the cracked catalyst layer that could not be used for power generation can be used effectively.
- the contact area of the catalyst can be increased. As a result of these, the resistance of the membrane electrode assembly decreases, the power density increases, and a high-performance fuel cell can be obtained.
- the material used for the interface resistance-reducing layer is not particularly limited as long as it has ion conductivity and has resistance to the fuel used. From the viewpoint of mechanical strength, physical durability, and fuel resistance, It is particularly preferred that the polymer electrolyte material obtained in the invention is included.
- a composition comprising a polymer electrolyte precursor containing a protective group and an ionic group of the present invention, a solvent, and a plasticizer is used as a precursor of the interface resistance reducing layer, and the membrane electrode composite By removing the solvent and plasticizer by drying, extraction washing, etc. after the formation, a high-performance membrane electrode composite having both reduced interface resistance, mechanical strength and fuel resistance can be obtained.
- the interface resistance reducing layer precursor may be formed on the electrode side or the polymer electrolyte membrane side before the composite step.
- an electrode suitable for the membrane electrode assembly comprises a catalyst layer and an electrode substrate.
- the catalyst layer here is a layer containing a catalyst for promoting an electrode reaction, an electron conductor, an ion conductor, and the like.
- a noble metal catalyst such as platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium and gold is preferably used. One of these may be used alone, or alloy, mixture, etc. Two or more types may be used in combination.
- an electron conductor conductive material
- a carbon material or an inorganic conductive material is preferably used in terms of electron conductivity and chemical stability.
- amorphous or crystalline carbon materials are mentioned.
- carbon black such as channel black, thermal black, furnace black, and acetylene black is preferably used from the viewpoint of electron conductivity and specific surface area.
- Furnace Black includes Cabot's Vulcan XC-72R (registered trademark), Norcan P (registered trademark), Black Pearls 880 (registered trademark), Black Pearls 1100 (registered trademark), Black Pearls 1300 (registered trademark), Black Pearls 2000 (Registered Trademark), Legal 400 (Registered Trademark), Ketjen Black 'Ketjen Black EC (Registered Trademark), EC600JD manufactured by International, and # 3150, # 3250 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation.
- Examples of acetylene black include Denka Black (registered trademark) manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo.
- artificial graphite or carbon obtained from organic compounds such as natural graphite, pitch, coatas, polyacrylonitrile, phenol resin, and furan resin can also be used.
- organic compounds such as natural graphite, pitch, coatas, polyacrylonitrile, phenol resin, and furan resin
- fibers, scales, tubes, cones, and megaphones can also be used. Further, those obtained by post-processing these carbon materials may be used.
- an electron conductor When an electron conductor is used, it is preferable from the viewpoint of electrode performance that it is uniformly dispersed with the catalyst particles. For this reason, it is preferable that the catalyst particles and the electron conductor are previously well dispersed as a coating liquid. Furthermore, it is also preferable to use catalyst-supported carbon or the like in which the catalyst and the electron conductor are integrated as the catalyst layer. By using this catalyst-supported carbon, the utilization efficiency of the catalyst is improved, which can contribute to improvement of battery performance and low cost.
- a conductive agent can be added to further increase the electron conductivity. As such a conductive agent, the above-described carbon black is preferably used.
- ionic conductors Various organic materials and inorganic materials are known as ionic conductive substances (ionic conductors) used in the catalyst layer. However, when used in fuel cells, the ionic conductivity is improved. Polysulfonic acids having ionic groups such as sulfonic acid groups, carboxylic acid groups, and phosphate groups A mer (ion conductive polymer) is preferably used. Among these, from the viewpoint of the stability of the ionic group, a polymer having ion conductivity composed of a side chain of a fluoroalkyl ether and a main chain of a fluoroalkyl, a known hydrocarbon polymer electrolyte material, or a high polymer of the present invention.
- a molecular electrolyte material is preferably used.
- the perfluorinated ion conductive polymer for example, Nafion (registered trademark) manufactured by DuPont, Aciplex (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, and Flemion (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. are preferably used.
- These ion conductive polymers are provided in the catalyst layer in the state of a solution or a dispersion.
- the solvent for dissolving or dispersing the polymer is not particularly limited, but a polar solvent is preferable from the viewpoint of the solubility of the ion conductive polymer.
- the polymer electrolyte material of the present invention can be most preferably used.
- the polymer electrolyte material obtained in the present invention is effective for durability and the like from the viewpoint of methanol resistance.
- the polymer electrolyte precursor of the present invention is processed at the stage of soluble polymer electrolyte material for molding, converted into MEA, then deprotected and imparted solvent resistance, thereby achieving both workability and solvent resistance. Highly preferred ⁇ Binders can be made.
- the ionic conductor Since the catalyst and the electronic conductors are usually powders, the ionic conductor usually plays a role of hardening them. In terms of electrode performance, the ionic conductor may be added in advance to a coating liquid containing catalyst particles and an electronic conductor as main constituents when the catalyst layer is prepared, and applied in a uniformly dispersed state. Like U ⁇ .
- the amount of the ionic conductor contained in the catalyst layer should be appropriately determined according to the required electrode characteristics and the conductivity of the ionic conductor used, and is not particularly limited. A range of 1 to 80% is preferable, and a range of 5 to 50% is more preferable. If the ionic conductor is too low, the ionic conductivity is too low, and if it is too high, the gas permeability may be hindered.
- the catalyst layer may contain various substances in addition to the catalyst, the electron conductor, and the ion conductor.
- a polymer other than the above-mentioned ion conductive polymer may be included in order to enhance the binding property of the substance contained in the catalyst layer.
- Such polymers include, for example, polyfluoride (PVF), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polyhexafluor.
- Polymers containing fluorine atoms such as oral propylene (FEP), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyperfluoroalkyl vinyl ether (PFA), copolymers thereof, and monomer units constituting these polymers Copolymers with other monomers such as ethylene and styrene, or blend polymers can be used.
- FEP oral propylene
- PFA polyperfluoroalkyl vinyl ether
- the content of these polymers in the catalyst layer is preferably in the range of 5 to 40% by weight. If the polymer content is too high, the electron and ionic resistance increases and the electrode performance tends to decrease.
- the catalyst layer when the fuel is a liquid or gas, the catalyst layer also has a structure that facilitates the permeation of the by-product due to the electrode reaction, which preferably has a structure through which the liquid or gas can easily permeate. Is preferred.
- the electrode base material one that can collect current or supply power with low electrical resistance can be used. Further, when the catalyst layer is used also as a current collector, it is not necessary to use an electrode substrate.
- the constituent material of the electrode base material include carbonaceous materials, conductive inorganic substances, for example, a fired body made of polyacrylonitrile, a fired body having a pitch force, carbon materials such as graphite and expanded black lead, stainless steel, molybdenum, titanium. Etc. are exemplified.
- the form of the electrode substrate is not particularly limited, and for example, it is used in the form of fibers or particles, but a fibrous conductive substance (conductive fiber) such as carbon fiber is preferable from the viewpoint of fuel permeability.
- the electrode base material using the conductive fiber there is a woven fabric!
- carbon paper manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., TGP series, SO series, carbon cloth manufactured by E-TEK, and the like are preferably used.
- the woven fabric that can be used include plain weaving, oblique weaving, satin weaving, crest weaving, binding weaving, and the like.
- the nonwoven fabric can be used without any particular limitation, such as a papermaking method, a needle punch method, a spunbond method, a water jet punch method, or a melt blow method. It may also be a knitted fabric.
- the powerful electrode base material has a water repellency treatment to prevent gas diffusion due to the retention of water and a decrease in permeability, a partial water repellency treatment to form a water discharge path, a hydrophilic treatment,
- carbon powder can be added to lower the resistance.
- a conductive intermediate layer containing at least an inorganic conductive material and a hydrophobic polymer can be provided between the electrode substrate and the catalyst layer.
- the polymer electrolyte material of the present invention is suitable for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell among fuel cells.
- fuel cells There are hydrogen fuel and organic compounds such as methanol, which are used as fuels.
- the organic compound having 1 to 6 carbon atoms alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol, and methanol, which is preferably dimethyl ether, are most preferably used.
- Fuels for fuel cells include oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, glycerin, ethylene glycol, formic acid, acetic acid, dimethyl ether, hydroquinone, and cyclohexane.
- Examples thereof include organic compounds of formulas 1 to 6 and mixtures of these with water, and one or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- hydrogen and a fuel containing an organic compound having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are preferably used, and hydrogen and a methanol aqueous solution are particularly preferable in terms of power generation efficiency.
- the concentration of methanol is appropriately selected according to the fuel cell system to be used, but a concentration as high as possible is preferable from the viewpoint of long-time driving.
- active fuel cells with a system that sends a medium necessary for power generation such as a liquid feed pump or a blower fan, to a membrane electrode assembly, or an auxiliary machine such as a cooling fan, a fuel dilution system, or a product recovery system, has a concentration of methanol.
- a concentration of methanol has a concentration of methanol.
- a sample of the membrane as a specimen was immersed in pure water at 25 ° C for 24 hours, vacuum-dried at 40 ° C for 24 hours, and then measured by elemental analysis. Carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen were analyzed by a fully automated elemental analyzer, vari oEL, sulfur was analyzed by the flask combustion method 'barium acetate titration, and fluorine was analyzed by the flask combustion • ion chromatography method. Polymer composition specific force The sulfonic acid group density per unit gram (mmolZg) was calculated.
- the membrane sample was immersed in a 30 wt% methanol aqueous solution at 25 ° C for 24 hours, then taken out in an atmosphere at 25 ° C and relative humidity of 50-80%, and proton conductivity was measured as quickly as possible by the constant potential AC impedance method. .
- the proton conductivity measured in this way is designated as proton conductivity A.
- solartron electrochemical measuring systems (Solartron 1287 Electrochemical Interface and Solartron 1255B Frequency Response Analyzer) are used.
- the sample was sandwiched between two circular electrodes (made of stainless steel) of ⁇ 2 mm and ⁇ 10 mm with a weight of lk g.
- the effective electrode area is 0.0314 cm 2 .
- a 15% aqueous solution of poly (2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) was applied to the interface between the sample and the electrode.
- a constant potential impedance measurement with an AC amplitude of 50 mV was performed at 25 ° C, and the proton conductivity in the film thickness direction was determined.
- Weight average molecular weight The weight average molecular weight of the polymer was measured by GPC. Tosoh's HLC-8022GPC was used as an integrated device for the ultraviolet detector and differential refractometer. Tosoh TS K gel SuperHM-H (inner diameter 6. Omm, length 15cm) is used as a GPC column, N-methyl 2-pyridone solvent (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent containing lOmmolZL of lithium bromide) ) At a flow rate of 0.2 mLZmin, and the weight average molecular weight was determined by standard polystyrene conversion.
- the hot water resistance and methanol resistance of the electrolyte membrane were evaluated by measuring the dimensional change rate in a 60 wtC, 30 wt% methanol aqueous solution.
- the electrolyte membrane was cut into a strip having a length of about 5 cm and a width of about lcm, immersed in water at 25 ° C for 24 hours, and the length (L1) was measured with a caliper.
- the electrolyte membrane was immersed in a 30 wt% aqueous methanol solution at 60 ° C. for 12 hours, and then the length (L2) was measured again with a caliper, and the size change was visually observed.
- NMR measurement was performed under the following measurement conditions to confirm the structure and to determine the mixing ratio of 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2,2bis (4hydroxyphenol) -1,3 dioxolane.
- the mixing ratio (mol%) is found to be 7.6 ppm (derived from 4,4, -dihydroxybenzophenone) and 7.2 ppm (derived from 2,2 bis (4 hydroxyphenol) 1,3 dioxolane).
- the peak integrated force was also calculated.
- Pulse width 90 ° pulse, 4.5 ⁇ sec
- the polyelectrolyte material as a specimen was set in a diffractometer, and X-ray diffraction measurement was performed under the following conditions.
- Slit Diverging slit-1/2 °, Receiving slit-0.15mm, Scattering slit-1/2 °
- the degree of crystallinity is obtained by separating each component by profile fitting, obtaining the diffraction angle and integrated intensity of each component, and using the obtained crystalline peak and the integrated intensity of the amorphous halo, the general formula (S2) The degree of crystallinity was also calculated using the following formula force.
- Crystallinity (%) (sum of integrated intensities of all crystalline peaks) Z (sum of integrated intensities of all crystalline peaks and amorphous halo) X 100 (S2)
- a polymer electrolyte membrane (about 0.1 lg) as a specimen was thoroughly washed with pure water, and then vacuum-dried at 40 ° C. for 24 hours to measure the weight.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane was immersed in 1000 times the weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and heated in an airtight container at 100 ° C. for 2 hours with stirring.
- filtration was carried out using a filter paper (No. 2) manufactured by Adpantech. At the time of filtration, the filter paper and the residue were washed with 1000 times weight of the same solvent, the eluate was sufficiently eluted in the solvent, and the N-methylpyrrolidone contained in the residue was sufficiently washed with pure water.
- the residue was vacuum-dried at 40 ° C for 24 hours and the weight was measured to calculate the weight loss.
- Heating part TRC heating device (electric heater type heating furnace, quartz glass reaction tube)
- MS part Shimadzu GC / MS QP5050A
- Heating temperature conditions Room temperature to 550 ° C (Temperature increase rate: 10 ° C / min)
- Atmosphere He flow (50mL / min) (Iwatani Corp., purity 99.995%)
- Pretreatment Vacuum drying at 80 ° C for 180 minutes
- 1-butene (organic component standard sample): GL Science, 7.92% / N balance
- 2-methyl-1,3-doxolane such as C H 0 and 2-methyl-1,3-doxolane standard sample
- the polymer electrolyte material (3.5 to 4.5 mg) as a specimen is pre-dried at a temperature at which the sulfonic acid group does not decompose (for example, 40 to 100 ° C.) to remove moisture, and the weight is measured. At this time, since the chemical structure and higher order structure of the polymer may change, the temperature should not be raised above the crystallization temperature or the thermal decomposition temperature. After measuring the weight, the polymer electrolyte material was subjected to a temperature modulation differential scanning calorimetry at the first heating stage under the following conditions.
- DSC device DSC Q100 manufactured by TA Instruments
- Measurement temperature range 25 ° C to thermal decomposition temperature (eg 310 ° C)
- Sample pan Aluminum crimp pan
- the low-temperature side force was also calculated as the crystallization calorific value, which was twice the calorific value up to the peak top.
- the heat of evaporation of the detected water was calculated.
- the weight of the molecular electrolyte material was corrected.
- the heat of evaporation of water is 2277 J / g.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane used as a specimen was allowed to stand at 25 ° C. and 50% RH for 24 hours, then set in a device, and Elmendorf tear strength was measured based on JIS-K7128 under the following conditions.
- Measuring device Elmendorf bow I crack tester (manufactured by Toyo Seiki)
- Test piece width 63mm x length 76mm
- Elmendorf tear strength was calculated as an average value of five tests. In order to eliminate the influence of film thickness, it was expressed as tear strength per unit film thickness. If there is anisotropy in the tear strength of the film, measure in two orthogonal directions and use the average value as the tear strength. For the film of this example, since anisotropy was not observed, data in only one direction was displayed.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane as a specimen was left at 25 ° C. and 60% RH for 24 hours, then set in a device and measured for tensile strength and elongation under the following conditions.
- the tensile strength / elongation was calculated as an average value of 5 tests.
- Measuring device SV-201 type tensile and compression tester (manufactured by Imada Seisakusho)
- Test piece Width 5mm X Length 50mm
- Membrane electrode assembly is incorporated into an electrochem single cell "EFC05-01SP" (electrode area 5cm 2 cell), the cell temperature is set to 50 ° C, and 20% methanol aqueous solution is supplied to the anode side at a rate of 0.2ml / min.
- MCO fuel permeation amount
- the air flow rate of the power sword was L (ml / min)
- the total concentration of methanol and diacid carbon by gas chromatograph was Z (volume%)
- the total volume was V (ml)
- the opening area area where the methanol aqueous fuel in the membrane electrode assembly is in direct contact
- Fuel cell cell temperature: 60 ° C, fuel gas: hydrogen, oxidizing gas: air, gas utilization: anode 70% Z power sword 40%, humidification; anode side 90% Z power sword 90%! /
- the current and voltage (IV) were measured.
- the output density is the value obtained by dividing the point at which the product of the current and voltage in the current-voltage curve is highest by the electrode area.
- Disodium 3, 3, monodisulfonate 4, 4, and di-diful benzophenone represented by the following general formula (G2) were synthesized.
- the mixture was allowed to react at 100 ° C for 10 hours.
- the reaction solution was poured into a large amount of water little by little and neutralized with NaOH, and then 200 g of sodium chloride was added to precipitate the synthesized product.
- the resulting precipitate was filtered off and recrystallized with an aqueous ethanol solution to obtain disodium 3,3′-disulfonate-4,4,4-difluorobenzophenone represented by the above general formula (G2).
- the purity was 99.3%.
- the structure was confirmed by 1 H-NMR. Impurities were quantitatively analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (organic matter) and ion chromatography (inorganic matter).
- a polymer represented by the following general formula (G3) was synthesized.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- a polymer represented by the following general formula (G4) was synthesized.
- a membrane was prepared by the method described in Example 1 except that the polymer electrolyte precursor (G3) was changed to the polymer electrolyte precursor (G4).
- the solubility of the polymer electrolyte precursor was very good.
- the resulting polymer electrolyte membrane had a sulfonic acid group density of 1.2 mmolZg.
- a polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by the method described in Example 1 except that the conditions for proton substitution and deprotection reaction were changed to immersion in 1N hydrochloric acid at 25 ° C for 24 hours.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane had a thickness of 40 ⁇ m, and the proton conductivity A per area was 5.3 S / cm 2 .
- almost no dimensional change was observed in a 60 ° C, 30 wt% aqueous methanol solution, and the heat-resistant methanol resistance was excellent.
- the peak of 2960cm _1 was observed little in IR, the presence of trace amounts of a ketal group could be confirmed.
- the bath temperature was 110 ° CZ
- the internal temperature was 74 ° C
- the vapor temperature was 52 ° C
- the resulting methanol and methyl formate were allowed to react for 8 hours while gradually distilling with trimethyl orthoformate.
- 500 mL of trimethyl orthoformate was added, and the mixture was further reacted for 8 hours.
- reaction solution was diluted with 1 L of ethyl acetate, and then the clay was removed by filtration. Washed 3 times with 5 OOmL each of ethyl acetate, and added washings. Saturate the filtrate 4 times with 1 L of 2% aqueous NaHCO solution.
- 3-Dioxolane was detected at 0.41 wt%, a total of 5.53 wt% of ketal group-derived substances.
- a 25 wt% N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solution of the obtained polymer electrolyte precursor of the formula (G5) was subjected to pressure filtration using a glass fiber filter, and then cast onto a glass substrate. After drying at 100 ° C for 4 hours, the temperature was raised to 300 ° C under nitrogen over 30 minutes and heat-treated at 300 ° C for 10 minutes to obtain a film. The solubility of the polymer electrolyte precursor was very good.
- the membrane was immersed in 6N hydrochloric acid at 95 ° C. for 24 hours for proton substitution and deprotection, and then immersed in a large excess amount of pure water for 24 hours and washed sufficiently to obtain a polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the evaluation results are summarized in Table 1.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane was not observed to have a crystalline peak by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Excellent solvent resistance. Furthermore, it was excellent in proton conductivity and fuel barrier properties. In addition, it was a tough film that did not dissolve or disintegrate even when immersed in hot water or hot methanol, and was extremely excellent in hot water resistance and hot methanol resistance.
- the amount of 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone and disodium 3, 3, monodisulfonate 4, 4, and -difluorobenzophenone were changed to 11.3 g (52 mmol) and 11.8 g (28 mmol), respectively. Except for the above, a polymer electrolyte precursor and a polymer electrolyte membrane were prepared by the method described in Example 5. The weight average molecular weight of the polymer electrolyte precursor is 280,000.
- the evaluation results are summarized in Table 1.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane was not observed to have a crystalline peak by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. It was an extremely tough electrolyte membrane. Excellent solvent resistance. Furthermore, it was excellent in proton conductivity and fuel cutoff.
- the equation (SI) was satisfied.
- the content of the structural units represented by the general formulas (Q1) and (Q3) in the polymer is 100 wt%.
- the amount of 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone and disodium 3, 3, monodisulfonate 4, 4, and -difluorobenzophenone were changed to 10.5 g (48 mmol) and 13.5 g (32 mmol), respectively. Except for the above, a polymer electrolyte precursor and a polymer electrolyte membrane were prepared by the method described in Example 5. The weight average molecular weight of the polymer electrolyte precursor is 230,000.
- the evaluation results are summarized in Table 1.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane was crystallized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The key was unacceptable. It was an extremely tough electrolyte membrane. It was relatively excellent in solvent resistance. Furthermore, it was excellent in proton conductivity and fuel cutoff.
- the equation (SI) was satisfied.
- the content of the structural units represented by the general formulas (Q1) and (Q3) in the polymer was 100 wt%.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by the method described in Example 5 except that the clearance when the polymer electrolyte precursor solution was cast on a glass substrate was changed thinly and the thickness of the electrolyte membrane was changed thinly. It was.
- the evaluation results are summarized in Table 1.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane was not observed to have a crystalline peak by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. It was an extremely tough electrolyte membrane. It was extremely excellent in solvent resistance. Furthermore, it was excellent in proton conductivity and fuel cutoff.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by the method described in Example 6 except that the clearance when the polymer electrolyte precursor solution was cast on a glass substrate was changed thinly and the thickness of the electrolyte membrane was changed thinly. It was.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by the method described in Example 7, except that the clearance when the polymer electrolyte precursor solution was cast on a glass substrate was changed thinly and the thickness of the electrolyte membrane was changed thinly. It was.
- a polymer electrolyte precursor and a polymer electrolyte membrane were prepared by the method described in Example 5 except that.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyelectrolyte precursor was 230,000 o
- a polymer electrolyte precursor and a polymer electrolyte membrane were prepared by the method described in Example 5 except that.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyelectrolyte precursor was 210,000 o
- the equation (SI) was satisfied.
- the content of the structural units represented by the general formulas (Q1) and (Q3) in the polymer was 100%.
- Nafion (registered trademark) 117 membrane manufactured by DuPont was immersed in 5% hydrogen peroxide-hydrogen water at 100 ° C for 30 minutes, and then immersed in 5% dilute sulfuric acid at 100 ° C for 30 minutes. Thereafter, it was thoroughly washed with deionized water at 100 ° C.
- a commercially available naphthion (registered trademark) 111 membrane (manufactured by DuPont) was immersed in 5% hydrogen peroxide-hydrogen water at 100 ° C for 30 minutes, and then immersed in 5% dilute sulfuric acid at 100 ° C for 30 minutes. Thereafter, it was thoroughly washed with deionized water at 100 ° C.
- the (NMP) solution was subjected to pressure filtration using a glass fiber filter, and then cast onto a glass substrate and dried at 100 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a film.
- the solubility of the polyetheretherketone sulfonate was good.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane was obtained by immersing in a large excess of pure water for 24 hours and thoroughly washing.
- SPEK-2 polymer could not be dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and film formation was difficult.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the composition of Example 5 was similar to that of the polymer and had poor power solubility.
- the presence of a ketal group could not be confirmed from IR and solid 13 C—CPZMAS spectra.
- Various evaluations were impossible. Y> Z and equation (S1) was not satisfied.
- the powdered polyetherketone resin showed a crystalline peak by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and the crystallinity was 30%.
- the carbon cloth was coated with a carbon black dispersion liquid, and the anode catalyst coating liquid was coated on the surface coated with the carbon black dispersion liquid.
- Pt-supported carbon catalyst TEC10V50E, DuPont 20% “Nafion” (registered trademark) solution and n-propanol power are also used on the above carbon cloth.
- An electrode B was prepared by applying a force sword catalyst coating solution and drying it.
- Electrode A was 2.5 mgZcm 2 in terms of platinum weight and electrode B was 4.5 mg / cm 2 in terms of platinum weight.
- Example 10 The polymer electrolyte obtained in Example 10 was used so that C2 sheets of electrodes were used to face each other.
- the membrane was sandwiched and heated and pressed at 130 ° C for 10 minutes at a pressure of 5 MPa to obtain a membrane electrode composite. This was incorporated into a power generation cell to obtain a fuel cell.
- Example 10 The polymer electrolyte precursor film before deprotection obtained in Example 10 is sandwiched between electrode ⁇ and electrode ⁇ ⁇ so that they face each other, and joined by heating press at 200 ° C for 1 minute at a pressure of 3 MPa. did.
- the joined body was immersed in lOOg of 6N hydrochloric acid, heated to 80 ° C, and subjected to a deprotection reaction for 24 hours to obtain a membrane electrode composite. After that, it was washed with pure water until the cleaning solution became neutral, and incorporated into the power generation cell to obtain a fuel cell.
- the voltage holding ratio was 96% (the initial voltage was 0.25V, the voltage after 100 hours constant current power generation was 0.24V), and excellent durability was exhibited.
- the methanol permeation amount of this membrane electrode assembly was 4.5 ⁇ mol Zcm 2 Z min.
- the output of a passive evaluation showed 40mWZcm 2.
- a commercially available naphthion (registered trademark) solution was applied to electrode A and electrode B and dried at 100 ° C. to obtain an electrode with a naphthion (registered trademark) coating.
- a naphthion (registered trademark) coating was applied to electrode A and electrode B and dried at 100 ° C. to obtain an electrode with a naphthion (registered trademark) coating.
- “Naphion 117 (registered trademark)” manufactured by DuPont as an electrolyte membrane the above-mentioned electrodes were laminated so that the electrolyte membrane was sandwiched without using an interface resistance reducing composition, and 30 MPa at 130 ° C for 5 minutes.
- the membrane electrode assembly was obtained by performing a heat press at a pressure of.
- the methanol permeation rate of this membrane electrode assembly was 13.0 ⁇ molZcm 2 Z, and the voltage holding ratio was 48% (the initial voltage was 0.21 V, and the voltage after 100 hours of constant-current power generation was 0. IV) and inferior in durability.
- the output in the noisy evaluation was lOmWZcm 2 , which was a low output.
- the evaluation cell after these evaluations was disassembled, the membrane electrode assembly was taken out and visually observed. As a result, peeling due to the swelling of the methanol aqueous solution occurred at the interface between the anode electrode and the electrolyte membrane, and a part of the catalyst collapsed. It was leaked. Heat-resistant methanol of the electrolyte material used Sex was insufficient.
- Interfacial resistance reducing layer precursor B was applied onto electrode A and electrode B to 3 mgZcm 2 and heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 1 minute. These electrodes were cut so that the electrode projected area was 5 cm 2 .
- these electrodes with the interface resistance reducing layer precursor B were laminated on the polymer electrolyte precursor film before the deprotection reaction obtained in Example 10, and the pressure of 3 MPa was applied at 100 ° C for 1 minute. Heated and pressed to join. The layers were laminated so that the interface resistance reducing layer precursor B was on the film side.
- the joined body was immersed in a solution of 90 g of 6N hydrochloric acid and 10 g of methanol, heated to 80 ° C., and deprotected for 30 hours while refluxing to obtain a membrane electrode assembly (residual solvent Extraction and protocol exchange). After that, it was washed with pure water until the cleaning solution became neutral, and incorporated into the power generation cell to obtain a fuel battery.
- Voltage holding ratio is 96% (the initial voltage is 0.25V, the voltage after 100 hours constant current power generation is 0.2
- the membrane composite electrode body of Example 15 was fabricated so as to have an electrode area of 32 cm 2, and a fuel cell was fabricated using six membrane electrode assemblies using a stack cell as shown in FIG. When power was generated while circulating a 10% aqueous methanol solution on the anode side with a pump, an output of 7 W was obtained.
- a 25 wt% N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solution of the obtained polymer electrolyte precursor of the general formula (G5) was pressure filtered using a glass fiber filter, and then cast on a glass substrate. Clothed. After drying at 100 ° C for 2 hours, the temperature was raised to 300 ° C under nitrogen over 30 minutes, and heat treatment was performed at 300 ° C for 10 minutes to obtain a film. The solubility of the polymer electrolyte precursor was very good. The membrane was immersed in 6N hydrochloric acid at 95 ° C for 24 hours for proton substitution and deprotection, and then immersed in a large excess amount of pure water for 24 hours to thoroughly wash it to obtain a polymer electrolyte membrane.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the amount of 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone and disodium 3, 3, monodisulfonate 4, 4, and -difluorobenzophenone were changed to 11.3 g (52 mmol) and 11.8 g (28 mmol), respectively. Except for the above, a polymer electrolyte precursor and a polymer electrolyte membrane were prepared by the method described in Example 17. The weight average molecular weight of the polyelectrolyte precursor is 330,000 there were.
- the amount of 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone and disodium 3, 3, monodisulfonate 4, 4, and -difluorobenzophenone was changed to 10.5 g (48 mmol) and 13.5 g (32 mmol), respectively. Except for the above, a polymer electrolyte precursor and a polymer electrolyte membrane were prepared by the method described in Example 17. The weight average molecular weight of the polymer electrolyte precursor is 280,000.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by the method described in Example 17, except that the clearance when the polymer electrolyte precursor solution was cast on a glass substrate was changed thinly and the thickness of the electrolyte membrane was changed thinly. It was.
- the evaluation results are summarized in Table 3.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane has a tear strength and a tensile strength at break.
- the electrolyte membrane was excellent in tensile rupture elongation and extremely tough.
- Sarako also excellent in proton conductivity.
- a membrane electrode assembly was prepared in the same manner as in Example 14, and even when continuous evaluation of power generation was performed for 2000 hours, no fuel leakage due to membrane damage was observed, and the durability of the membrane was confirmed. The properties were also excellent. Even when the cell was disassembled after the evaluation and the membrane electrode assembly was observed visually, no damage to the membrane was observed.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by the method described in Example 18 except that the clearance when the polymer electrolyte precursor solution was cast on a glass substrate was changed thinly and the thickness of the electrolyte membrane was changed thinly. It was.
- the evaluation results are summarized in Table 3.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane was excellent in tear strength, tensile rupture strength, and tensile rupture elongation, and was an extremely tough electrolyte membrane. Excellent solvent resistance. Furthermore, the proton conductivity was also excellent.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by the method described in Example 19 except that the clearance when the polymer electrolyte precursor solution was cast on a glass substrate was changed thinly and the thickness of the electrolyte membrane was changed thinly. It was.
- the evaluation results are summarized in Table 3.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane was excellent in tear strength, tensile rupture strength, and tensile rupture elongation, and was an extremely tough electrolyte membrane. Sarako, also excellent in proton conductivity.
- the peak force of about 65 ppm chemical shift and about l lOppm (derived from ketal group) observed in the polyketal ketone film before deprotection was observed in the polymer electrolyte membrane after deprotection. was unacceptable. Therefore, the deprotection reaction proceeded at a high conversion rate.
- a polymer electrolyte precursor and a polymer electrolyte membrane were prepared by the method described in Example 17 except for the above.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer electrolyte precursor is 250,000.
- a polymer electrolyte precursor and a polymer electrolyte membrane were prepared by the method described in Example 17 except for the above.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer electrolyte precursor is 240,000.
- Nafion (registered trademark) 117 membrane manufactured by DuPont was soaked in 5% hydrogen peroxide-hydrogen water at 100 ° C for 30 minutes, and then immersed in 5% dilute sulfuric acid at 100 ° C for 30 minutes. Then, it was thoroughly washed with deionized water at 100 ° C.
- the evaluation results are summarized in Table 5 and Table 6.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane did not show a crystallization peak in DSC (first heating stage). In addition, no crystalline peak was observed in wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Although the tensile strength at break was low and the tensile strength at break was excellent, the tensile strength at break was inferior. Furthermore, although proton conductivity was high, it was inferior in fuel cutoff.
- a commercially available naphthion (registered trademark) 111 membrane (manufactured by DuPont) was immersed in 5% peroxyhydrogen water at 100 ° C for 30 minutes, and then immersed in 5% dilute sulfuric acid at 100 ° C for 30 minutes. Then, it was thoroughly washed with deionized water at 100 ° C.
- the evaluation results are summarized in Table 5 and Table 6.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane did not show a crystallization peak in DSC (first heating stage). In addition, no crystalline peak was observed in wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Although the tensile strength at break was low and the tensile strength at break was excellent, the tensile strength at break was inferior. Furthermore, although proton conductivity was high, it was inferior in fuel cutoff.
- SPEK-2 polymer could not be dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and film formation was difficult.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the composition of Example 17 is similar to that of the polymer and has poor power solubility.
- the presence of ketal groups was confirmed from IR and solid 13 C-CPZMAS spectra. Various evaluations were impossible.
- the obtained polymer was strong with no crystallization peak observed in DSC (first heating stage).
- the polyether ketone resin in the powder state showed a crystalline peak by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and the crystallinity was 30%. No crystallization peak was observed in DSC (first heating stage).
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane had a film thickness of 41 ⁇ m and a proton conductivity A per area of 5.1 S Zcm 2 .
- almost no dimensional change was observed in 60 ° C, 30 wt% methanol aqueous solution, and the conductivity was high and the heat resistant methanol resistance was excellent.
- IR chemicals also confirmed the presence of ketal groups.
- a polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by the method described in Example 25 except that the polymer electrolyte precursor (G3) was changed to the polymer electrolyte precursor (G4).
- the solubility of the polymer electrolyte precursor was very good.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane had a film thickness of 43 m and a dopant conductivity A per area of 5.6 SZcm 2 . Moreover, almost no dimensional change was observed in a 60 wt. In addition, the presence of ketal groups was confirmed from IR.
- Example 5 a polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by the method described in Example 5 except that the proton substitution and deprotection reaction conditions were changed to 25 ° C soaking in 1N hydrochloric acid for 24 hours.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane had a film thickness of 36 ⁇ m, proton conductivity B of 6. 1 S / cm 2 per unit area, and 22 mSZ cm per unit area′thickness.
- the methanol permeation amount was 0.6 / z molZmin 'cm 2 per unit area and 2.3 nmol / min ⁇ cm per unit area' thickness.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane did not show a crystalline peak by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Excellent solvent resistance. Furthermore, it was excellent in proton conductivity and fuel cutoff. Further, it is a tough film that does not dissolve or disintegrate even when immersed in hot water or hot methanol, and is extremely excellent in hot water resistance and hot methanol resistance.
- the polymer electrolyte material and polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention can be applied to various electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, water electrolysis devices, black-hole alkaline electrolysis devices, and the like. Among these devices, they are suitable for fuel cells, and in particular, hydrogen or methanol aqueous solution is burned. It is suitable for a fuel cell used as a fuel.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention includes mobile devices such as mobile phones, personal computers, PDAs, video cameras, digital cameras, home appliances such as cordless vacuum cleaners, toys, electric bicycles, motorcycles, automobiles, buses, trucks, etc. It is preferably used as a power source for mobile vehicles such as vehicles, ships, and railways, as a substitute for conventional primary batteries such as stationary generators, secondary batteries, or as a hybrid power source.
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CA2596007A CA2596007C (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2006-02-14 | Method for producing polymer electrolyte molded article, polymer electrolyte material, polymer electrolyte membrane, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
KR1020077021081A KR101319764B1 (ko) | 2005-02-15 | 2006-02-14 | 고분자 전해질 성형체의 제조 방법, 고분자 전해질 재료,고분자 전해질막 및 고분자 전해질형 연료 전지 |
US11/815,737 US8986903B2 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2006-02-14 | Method for producing polymer electrolyte molded article, polymer electrolyte material, polymer electrolyte membrane, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
EP06713623.4A EP1858032B1 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2006-02-14 | Method for producing polymer molded article |
KR1020137009815A KR101341274B1 (ko) | 2005-02-15 | 2006-02-14 | 고분자 전해질 성형체의 제조 방법, 고분자 전해질 재료, 고분자 전해질막 및 고분자 전해질형 연료 전지 |
KR1020127029797A KR20120139848A (ko) | 2005-02-15 | 2006-02-14 | 고분자 전해질 성형체의 제조 방법, 고분자 전해질 재료, 고분자 전해질막 및 고분자 전해질형 연료 전지 |
CN2006800049276A CN101120419B (zh) | 2005-02-15 | 2006-02-14 | 高分子电解质成型体的制造方法、高分子电解质材料、高分子电解质膜和高分子电解质型燃料电池 |
US14/664,598 US10224562B2 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2015-03-20 | Method for producing polymer electrolyte molded article, polymer electrolyte material, polymer electrolyte membrane, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
US16/245,639 US11108071B2 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2019-01-11 | Method for producing polymer electrolyte molded article, polymer electrolyte material, polymer electrolyte membrane, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
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US14/664,598 Division US10224562B2 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2015-03-20 | Method for producing polymer electrolyte molded article, polymer electrolyte material, polymer electrolyte membrane, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
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