WO2006075392A1 - ポリビニルアセタール樹脂ワニス、ゲル化剤、非水電解液および電気化学素子 - Google Patents
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂ワニス、ゲル化剤、非水電解液および電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006075392A1 WO2006075392A1 PCT/JP2005/000415 JP2005000415W WO2006075392A1 WO 2006075392 A1 WO2006075392 A1 WO 2006075392A1 JP 2005000415 W JP2005000415 W JP 2005000415W WO 2006075392 A1 WO2006075392 A1 WO 2006075392A1
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- resin
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- carbonate
- varnish
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D129/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Coating compositions based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D129/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/109—Esters; Ether-esters of carbonic acid, e.g. R-O-C(=O)-O-R
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
- H01M50/461—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes with adhesive layers between electrodes and separators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polybulassal rosin varnish.
- the polyvurecetal varnish of the present invention is useful, for example, as a coating material for conductive materials, an adhesive for inorganic materials, and organic materials.
- the present invention also relates to the use of polyvinylacetal resin varnish, and more specifically, a gelling agent of an organic solvent containing a polyvinylacetal resin varnish, a non-aqueous electrolyte obtained using the polyvinylacetal resin varnish, and an electrochemical It relates to an element.
- Polybulassetal resin is a general term for a resinous resin obtained by acetalizing polybutal alcohol with an aldehyde.
- Polybulassetal resin has good electrical insulation, excellent adhesion and chemical resistance, as well as high mechanical strength such as flexibility and wear resistance. Used for. For example, it is used as a converging adhesive for enameled wire varnish, magnetic tape binder, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and the like, and is also widely used as a coating material or adhesive in structural buildings, aircraft, and the like.
- polyvinylacetal resin is used for the above-mentioned purposes, it is desirable to dissolve it in a solvent to form a varnish.
- polyvinylacetal resin is sufficient. It cannot be dissolved uniformly.
- varnishing polybutacetal rosin, glacial acetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, benzyl alcohol, cresol, xylenol, furfural, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, dichloroethane, chloroform, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl A sulfoxide, a mixed solvent of toluene and ethanol, or the like is used. All of these solvents are highly irritating, have relatively high toxicity to the human body, and have high environmental pollution. It is a force that has problems such as odor and high flammability.
- polyvinylacetal varnish when polyvinylacetal varnish is varnished, it has sufficient capability for exhaust, detoxification, detoxification, static electricity removal, etc. so that the solvent does not come into contact with the human body or be released to the environment. It is necessary to install facilities and take many safety measures.
- Polybutacetal resin is used to increase the charge / discharge capacity, reduce the thickness, and improve the degree of freedom in electrochemical elements such as batteries, capacitors, and solar cells that use electrolytes called dallettier cells.
- it is used to obtain a film-like electrolyte (gel-type polymer electrolyte) by gelling the electrolytic solution (JP-A-57-143355, etc.).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polyvinyl acetal rosin varnish with high safety and less problems in all of irritation, toxicity, environmental pollution, odor, and flammability. Furthermore, in order to improve workability such as painting work, it is to provide a polyvinyl viscosity resin varnish having a low viscosity.
- the present inventor has 1) that polybulacetal rosin varnish can be mixed with carbonic acid ester, especially using a mixed solvent of cyclic carbonate and chain carbonic acid ester. And polybulucetal rosin at high concentration, resulting in low viscosity 2)
- the polyvinyl acetal rosin varnish force It has been found that it is useful as a gelling agent for non-aqueous electrolytes, organic solvents and the like in electrochemical devices, and has led to the completion of the present invention.
- the present invention is a polyvinyl acetal varnish varnish characterized by dissolving poly (b) acetal rosin in a non-aqueous solvent such as carbonate ester carbonate.
- the polybulassal rosin varnish of the present invention is characterized in that the carbonate is a mixture of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate.
- the polyvinylacetal rosin varnish of the present invention is characterized in that the water content is 200 ppm or less.
- the polyvinylacetal resin varnish of the present invention is characterized in that the polybulassal resin is a polyformal resin.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin varnish of the present invention is characterized in that the polyblucacetal resin is an acid-modified product.
- the polyvinylacetal resin varnish of the present invention is a polyburecetal resin varnish based on the DMSO-d peak (2.49 ppm) measured by 1 H-NMR measurement. 4.25-4.35 ppm
- the proton content having a peak at 0.25 is not more than 0.25 mol / kg.
- the polyvurecetal rosin varnish of the present invention is characterized in that the content of hydroxyl groups in the polybuluacetal rosin is 0.1-2 mol Zkg.
- the present invention is a gelling agent characterized by containing any of the above-mentioned polybulacetal rosin varnish and gelling an organic solvent.
- the present invention also provides a nonaqueous electrolytic solution comprising an electrolyte and any one of the above-described polybulacetal rosin varnishes.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention contains an electrolyte, a non-aqueous solvent, and polyvinyl acetal resin, and has a number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene by gel permeation chromatography measurement of poly-buracetal resin. It is characterized by the following relationship between the concentration c (wt%) of polybulassal rosin in non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention has a non-aqueous electrolyte solution having a polybulucetal resin concentration. It is characterized by 0.3 to 3.5% by weight of the total amount.
- non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is characterized by further containing a compound that generates an acid.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is characterized in that the acid-generating compound is a Lewis acid having a fluorine atom and Z or a Lewis acid salt.
- the present invention also relates to an electrochemical element including at least a negative electrode, a separator, a positive electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode and Z or the positive electrode and the separator are bonded by a cross-linked product of polybulassal resin. It is the electrochemical element characterized.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention is characterized in that the ratio of the cross-linked product to the total amount of the cross-linked product and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is 3.5% by weight or less.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention includes an active material in which the negative electrode includes lithium metal and Z or an active material that can absorb and Z or release lithium, and the positive electrode can generate an electromotive force of 3 V or more with respect to the dissolution and precipitation potential of lithium. And a non-aqueous electrolyte containing an electrolyte selected from lithium salts.
- the present invention also includes a laminate of a negative electrode, a separator, and a positive electrode, and the laminate is charged with an electrochemical element obtained by impregnating any one of the above-described non-aqueous electrolytes to form a polyvinylacetal salt.
- a method for producing an electrochemical element characterized in that a cross-linked product of fat is produced, and the negative electrode and Z or the positive electrode and a separator are bonded together by the cross-linked product.
- the polyvurecetal varnish varnish of the present invention has less safety problems and is less viscous compared to polyvinylacetal varnish varnishes prepared using conventional organic solvents. In addition, the work can be performed efficiently.
- the polyvinyl acetal varnish of the present invention can be used as a gelling agent for organic solvents.
- organic solvents for example, organic fragrances, waste edible oils, biomimetic polymer materials (for example, polymer materials for artificial skin), It is possible to perform gelation such as electrolyte in electrochemical devices such as lithium batteries and electric double layer capacitors.
- the present invention includes a polybulassal varnish varnish, a non-aqueous electrolyte, an electrochemical element, and a method for producing the same.
- the polybulassetal resin varnish of the present invention is a solution obtained by dissolving polyvinylacetal resin in a carbonic acid ester solvent.
- Polybutacetal resin is a generic name for a resin obtained by acetalizing polybutal alcohol with an aldehyde, a resin obtained by esterifying polybutal alcohol, and a resin prepared by converting polybutal alcohol into acetal and esterified.
- polybulassal fats examples include general formulas
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkyloxy group.
- polyvinyl acetal resin containing a vinyl carboxylate unit (3) represented by the following formula as a repeating unit.
- the poly Bulle ⁇ Se tar ⁇ , Byuruasetaru Unit (1) the 50- 80 weight 0/0, 0.
- the Bulle alcohol units (2) 1- 20 weight 0/0 and bi - Le carboxylate units (3 ) In the proportion of 10-20% by weight Easy.
- R ethyl group
- R in the carboxylate unit (3) methyl group
- the polyvinyl acetal resin according to the present invention is desired to have a small amount of bull alcohol units (2) from the viewpoint of increasing the dissolution concentration in the varnish, and adversely affects the adhesion and covering properties. Those having a low molecular weight are preferable.
- the content of the bull alcohol unit (2) in the polyvinyl acetal rosin is preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, and particularly preferably 1 to 16% by weight. . If the content of the bullar coal unit (2) is much less than 0.1% by weight, the coating property, adhesion, and gelling property of the organic solvent may be deteriorated. On the other hand, if the amount exceeds 20% by weight, the dissolution concentration in the varnish may be too low.
- the content of the bull alcohol unit (2) in the polyvurecetal resin depends on the type of polyvinylacetal resin and the production method thereof. It is around 5% by weight in Burformal, and Polybulholmar is preferred. Of course, other polybulassal rosin can also be suitably used in the same manner as polybulal formal if the content of the bull alcohol unit (2) can be adjusted within the above range.
- the content of the vinyl acetal unit (1) and the bull carboxylate unit (3) is determined from the viewpoint of the chemical stability of the varnish. 1) Many things are desirable!
- the content of buracetal units (1) is preferably 50-99% by weight, more preferably 60-95% by weight, particularly preferred A range force of 75-95% by weight is also selected as appropriate.
- the molecular weight of the polybutacetal resin depends on the molecular weight of the raw polybulal alcohol, and is preferably 50-5000, more preferably 100-3000, as the number average degree of polymerization of the raw polyalcohol. Particularly preferred is 300-1500. If the molecular weight of the polyvuretal resin is too small, the covering property, adhesiveness, and gel property of the organic solvent may be impaired.
- those having a hydroxyl group content of 0.1-2 mol Zkg are preferred, and those having 0.3-1.5 mol Zkg are more preferred.
- poly (vinyl acetate), poly (propionate), and the like are also included in the poly (vinylacetal).
- Polybulassetal resin can be produced by acetalizing polybulal alcohol and Z or esterifying.
- the acetalization of polyvinyl alcohol can be carried out according to a known method.
- an aldehyde may be allowed to act on polybulual alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst in water.
- Known aldehydes can be used, and examples include formaldehyde, acetonitrile, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde and the like. Among these, formaldehyde is preferable.
- the amount of aldehyde used can be appropriately selected according to the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol, etc., but is preferably 0.1-4 mol, more preferably 0.2-3 mol, per liter of the reaction solvent (water).
- the acid catalyst examples include sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, trichloroacetic acid, and organic sulfonic acid, and sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid are preferred.
- the amount of the acid catalyst used can be appropriately selected according to the concentration of polybulal alcohol resin and aldehyde, but is preferably 1 to 6 gram equivalent, more preferably 2 to 5 gram equivalent per liter of the reaction solvent (water). .
- the acetalization reaction is preferably performed at a temperature of 5 to 90 ° C, more preferably 25 to 80 ° C, and is completed in about 1 to 10 hours.
- the esterification of polybulal alcohol includes formic acid esterification, acetic acid esterification, propionic acid esterification, carbonic acid esterification, and 1,2-hydrocarbon contained in polybulal alcohol. Kishiechiren structures and Z or 1, 3-hydroxy one; L, and the like cyclic carbonates Esuterui spoon 3-propylene structure.
- Polyester alcohol can be esterified by a known method such as a transesterification reaction.
- the ester candy will be described by taking a carbonate ester candy as an example.
- the esteri carbonate can be carried out by direct transesterification of polybutyl alcohol and dialkyl carbonate in the presence or absence of an esterification catalyst, or by transesterification by mixing in a solvent.
- the ester catalyst those commonly used in this field can be used. For example, alkyl ammonium salts, pyridinium salts, diazabicycloalkenes, tertiary amines, alkyl ammonium groups. And ion exchange resins containing a tertiary amino group, alkaline catalysts, and the like.
- esterification catalysts can be used.
- the amount of esterification reaction catalyst used depends on the amount of polybutyl alcohol used, the type and amount of dialkyl carbonate, the type and amount of solvent used, the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure, the reaction time, and the target value for the carbonate ester concentration. Depending on the wide range force, it can be selected as appropriate, but it is preferably 50% by weight or less, preferably 30% by weight or less, based on the total amount of polybulal alcohol.
- dialkyl carbonate examples include dimethyl carbonate, jetyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, di-n-butyl carbonate, diisoptyl carbonate, di-sec-butyl carbonate, and the like.
- the amount of dialkyl carbonate to be used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 20 times the molar amount, more preferably 0.1 to 10 times the molar amount relative to polybutyl alcohol.
- the solvent those which can dissolve or disperse each raw material and are inert to the transesterification reaction can be used.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene
- ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl propyl ketone
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and dichloroethane
- ethers such as diglyme, dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran.
- the carbonic acid esterification reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of 50-180 ° C, which is the lower of the boiling point of the alcohol by-produced by this reaction, the boiling point of the reaction solvent or 200 ° C, whichever is lower, and for 5 minutes.
- the polyacetal alcohol is acetalized and esterified in the same manner as described above by subjecting the polybutyl alcohol to acetalization and esterification.
- the polybulacetal resin according to the present invention can be used as a raw material for preparing a varnish as it is, the viewpoint of gelation of an organic solvent or a non-aqueous electrolyte described later is used. Therefore, it is desirable to perform acid modification.
- the reason is not clear enough, but is presumed as follows. That is, the state of presence of poly Bulle ⁇ Se tar ⁇ in Byuruaruko Lumpur unit (2), a random shape isolated in the polymer chain, 1, 2-dihydro Kishiechiren structure and 1, 3 over dihydroxy; L, 3 It has a block shape in which a plurality of structures such as a propylene structure are continuously formed.
- acid modification is performed, an intramolecular exchange reaction of the acetal ring occurs, and a structure in which a plurality of isolated vinyl alcohol units (2) are connected. It is presumed that the geliness of the organic solvent is improved.
- the acid-modified product of polyvinylacetal resin according to the present invention is preferably an acid-modified product of polyvinyl formal resin, and further has a hydroxyl group content of 0.1-2 mol per kg of the acid-modified product. It is particularly preferred that it is 0.3-3.
- the acid-modified product can be dissolved in a non-aqueous electrolyte or uniformly swelled, or the negative electrode and Z or positive electrode can be cross-linked with the acid-modified product.
- the adhesion between the separator and the separator is particularly good.
- the molecular weight of the acid-modified product of polyvinylacetal resin is not particularly limited.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution to the electrochemical device is used.
- the separator and the positive electrode layer in the electrochemical device preferably 0.31 to 300,000, more preferably 1 In the unlikely event, it is 150,000, particularly preferably 40,80,000.
- the molecular weight means the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene as measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography).
- the molecular weight of polyvinyl acetal resin depends on the degree of polymerization of the raw polybutyl alcohol and the molecular weight of the side chain substituent, In terms of the number average degree of polymerization, it can be expressed as preferably 50 to 5000, more preferably 100 to 3000, and particularly preferably 300 to 1500.
- Polyvinylacetal resin has a 1,2-dihydroxyethylene structure and a Z or 1,3-dihydroxy group derived from a structure in which a plurality of vinyl alcohol units are continuous in the main chain together with the isolated hydroxyl group.
- 1, 3-Propylene-containing hydroxyl group is included.
- the ratio of hydroxyl groups in 1,2-dihydroxyethylene and Z or 1,3-dihydroxy 1,3-propylene structures to the total amount of hydroxyl groups in polyvinylacetal resin It is presumed that the relative increase increases and is increased to 70 mol% or more, more preferably 80 mol% or more by acid modification.
- polybulformal rosin reduces or disappears the 4.25ppm – 4.35ppm peak due to acid modification.
- Polybulal mortar has protons equivalent to a peak of 4.25 ppm-4.35 ppm before acid modification, usually 0.3 mol Zkg or more, but corresponds to a peak of 4.25-4.35 ppm due to acid modification.
- the proton is reduced by 30% or more, preferably 50% or more, and is preferably 0.25 mol Zkg or less, more preferably 0.15 mol Zkg or less.
- Acid modification of polyvinyl alcohol resin is carried out by various known methods. For example, poly Add an appropriate acid catalyst in the state of suspending or dissolving bulassetal resin in a non-aqueous solvent, and heat with or without stirring.
- the content of polyvinylacetal resin in the non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that polyacetal resin, acid catalyst and non-aqueous solvent are used in consideration of the smooth progress of the reaction.
- the total amount of the reaction mixture is 0.2 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight.
- Known acids can be used as the acid catalyst, and examples include acetic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, nitric acid and the like. Of these, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrofluoric acid are preferred.
- One acid can be used alone, or two or more acids can be used in combination.
- the amount of acid used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0005 to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.001 to 0.01% by weight of the total amount of the reaction mixture.
- non-aqueous solvent any solvent that does not inhibit the intramolecular exchange reaction of the acetal ring can be used, and among them, carbonic acid esters and carboxylic acid esters are preferable.
- Nonaqueous solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- carbonate is used as the reaction solvent, the solution after completion of the reaction can be used as it is as the varnish of the present invention, which is further desirable.
- the reaction between the polyvinylacetal resin and the acid is preferably carried out at a room temperature of 1 to 100 ° C, more preferably 40 to 70 ° C, preferably 1 to 100 hours, more preferably 5 to 48 hours. End with.
- the acid-modified product is separated from the reaction mixture containing the acid-modified product of polyvinylacetal resin by general refining means such as reprecipitation and used in the varnish of the present invention.
- Carbonate ester is used as the non-aqueous solvent used for the varnish.
- Carbonate ester has a structure in which carbonic acid and alcohol are mixed, and is a solvent with low irritation, toxicity and bad odor, and very low environmental impact.
- the flammability is very low compared to the carboxylic acid ester solvent having a similar structure, and it is safer.
- the flash point of cetyl acetate is 4 ° C
- the flash point of jetyl carbonate is 31 ° C, which is above room temperature.
- the polybulassetal resin varnish of the present invention can be operated more safely than the conventionally used polyvinylacetal resin varnish.
- Carbonate esters include chain carbonates in which two substituents are not linked to each other, and cyclic carbonates having a structure in which two substituents are linked to each other.
- chain carbonates examples include dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl n-propyl carbonate, ethyl n-propyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, methyl iso propyl carbonate, ethyl iso propylene carbonate, Di-iso-propyl carbonate, butinolemethinole carbonate, butinoletinole carbonate, butinole n propinole carbonate, dibutinole carbonate, methyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate, ethyl-2-2,2-trifluore Tylcabonate, di (2, 2, 2 trifluoroethyl) carbonate, methyl 3, 3, 3, 2, 2-pentafluoropropyl carbonate, ethyl 3, 3, 3, 2, 2 pentafluoro Ropropyl carbonate, propyl 3, 3, 3, 2, 2 Printers Full O b propyl carbonate, di (
- Cyclic carbonates include ethylene carbonate, 1,2-propylene carbonate, 1,3 propylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2 pentene carbonate, 2,3 pentene carbonate. 1, 2-hexene carbonate, 2, 3-hexene carbonate, 3, 4 monohexene carbonate, n-butenoethylene carbonate, n-hexenoethylene carbonate, cyclohexenoethylene carbonate, phenolic ethylene Carbonate, 1,1 diphenoloethylene ethylene carbonate, 1,2-difluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoromethylethylene carbonate, fluoromethylenoethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene ethylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the molecular weight is small from the viewpoint of the solubility of bismuth polyacetal resin and the varnish viscosity, and the carbonic acid ester is desirable U.
- Examples of such carbonates include ethylene carbonate, 1,2 propylene carbonate, 1,3 propylene carbonate, dimethylolate carbonate, ethinolemethinole carbonate, jetinole carbonate, methyl n propyl carbonate, ethyl n propyl carbonate, n-propyl carbonate, methyl iso-propyl carbonate, ethyl iso-propyl carbonate, di-iso propyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, etc.
- Carbonate, 1,2-propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, and jetyl carbonate are more desirable, and ethylene carbonate and 1,2-propylene carbonate are most desirable.
- the chain carbonate ester and the cyclic carbonate ester may be used alone or in combination, but in order to further increase the solubility of polyvinylacetal resin, the chain carbonate ester and the cyclic carbonate ester are used. It is preferable to use a mixed solvent. When only one of the chain carbonate ester or the cyclic carbonate ester is used, it is possible to limit the molecular weight and the chemical structure of the polyvinylacetal resin to a specific one or by applying heat during the preparation of the varnish. Acetal rosin can be dissolved.
- polyblucetal resin can be dissolved at a higher concentration, can be dissolved regardless of the type of polyvinylacetal resin, This means that it is not necessary to heat at the time of preparation), and there is no precipitation of polyvinylacetal resin even when the varnish temperature drops to room temperature or lower after varnish preparation.
- ethylene carbonate and Z or 1,2-propylene carbonate are used as the cyclic carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, Examples are those using chinole carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, and cetino carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
- a combination containing ethylene carbonate is preferable because the solubility of polyvinyl acetal resin improves.
- the volume ratio of cyclic carbonate to chain carbonate is a force that allows a wide range of forces to be selected as appropriate depending on the type and concentration of polybulucertal resin to be dissolved.
- the ratio is preferably 1:19 to 19: 1, more preferably 1: 4 to 9: 1, and particularly preferably 1: 3 to 3: 1.
- the water content of the non-aqueous solvent is 200 ppm or less, preferably 50 ppm or less, and more preferably 20 ppm or less. If it is in this range, the water content of the polybulassal varnish varnish can be kept low and a preferred varnish can be obtained.
- the polybulacetal rosin varnish of the present invention comprises the polybulacetal or an acid-modified product thereof and a carbonate ester solvent.
- the concentration of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the varnish of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from a wide range depending on the type of the poly varacetal resin, the use of the resulting varnish, and the like.
- the polyvurecetal fat is preferably 0.2 to 20% by weight, more preferably 1 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of varnish. It is. Various concentrations can be selected in this range depending on the application.
- the type of polybulassal rosin is one that is soluble in the non-aqueous solvent, the solubility in the non-aqueous solvent, the viscosity of the varnish, and the gelation of the organic solvent described later. Appropriately selected in consideration of the nature and the like.
- the water content in the varnish of the present invention is preferably small from the viewpoint of gelling such as an organic solvent described later and a nonaqueous solvent in an electrochemical device.
- the amount of water is preferably 2 ppm to 200 ppm, more preferably 2 ppm to 10 Oppm, and particularly preferably 5 ppm to 50 ppm.
- the water content of the non-aqueous solvent and polybulassetal resin is reduced in advance, and a small amount of the non-aqueous solvent in the varnish is discharged by distillation.
- the dehydrating agent include water adsorbents such as anhydrous sodium sulfate, molecular sieves, and silica gel.
- the moisture adsorbent is packed in a column to allow the varnish to flow through, or mixed with the varnish and stirred to remove moisture in the varnish.
- the varnish of the present invention has a range in which preferable characteristics are not impaired (for example, a range in which irritation, toxicity, flammability and the like are not so high as to hinder the work), a solvent other than a carbonate ester, and a polyvinylacetal resin other than Even if synthetic resin is included, it does not work.
- solvents other than carbonate esters include water, alcohols, carboxylic acid esters, ethers, amides, strong rubamic acid esters, phosphoric acid esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, and fluorine-substituted hydrocarbons. It is done.
- a synthetic resin other than the polybulacetal resin it can be dissolved uniformly in a non-aqueous solvent such as a carbonic ester, and does not impair the adhesiveness, covering property, and gel property described later. If it is a thing, it will not restrict
- the mechanism by which the organic solvent is gelled by the polyvurecetal resin varnish of the present invention is not necessarily clear, the water in the organic solvent is not dissolved in the state where the polyvinylacetal resin is uniformly dissolved in the organic solvent. Once removed, the hydroxyl groups in the bully alcohol unit (2) of the polybulassetal resin interact strongly with each other to form a pseudo bond, and the tertiary in organic solvent. This seems to be due to the formation of an original polyvinylacetal resin network structure.
- the gelling agent of the present invention desirably has a low water content, preferably 200 ppm or less, more preferably 10 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 50 ppm or less.
- a dehydrating agent is used to remove moisture from the varnish.
- a reactive dehydrating agent is desirable in order to completely or almost completely remove moisture in the varnish and the organic solvent.
- dehydrating agents include silyl esters, boric acid esters, disilazanes, isocyanates, organometallic compounds, and metal alkoxides.
- the amount of the dehydrating agent added is determined in consideration of the amount of water in the mixture of the polyvinyl acetal varnish varnish and the organic solvent to be gelled. Usually, it is desirable to add 1 to 100 times, preferably 10 to 50 times, the equivalent of reacting with the contained water.
- the polybulacetal resin may be either acid-modified or acid-modified, but is preferably acid-modified.
- Use of the polybutylacetal resin varnish of the present invention facilitates gelation of the non-aqueous electrolyte and enhances the adhesion between the negative electrode and Z of the electrochemical device described later and the positive electrode and the separator.
- the varnish containing polyvinyl acetal resin is prepared by dissolving the above-described polyblucacetal resin in a non-aqueous solvent.
- the carbonate ester solvent used for varnishing the polyvinyl acetal resin acts as a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent for dissolving or dispersing the electrolyte in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention.
- a carbonate ester is used as described above, but when used as a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent, it also contains a non-aqueous solvent commonly used in this field other than the carbonate ester. it can.
- Non-aqueous solvents other than carbonate esters include, for example, cyclic force rubonic acid esters such as ⁇ -petit-mouth rataton, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, pentafluoropropyl acetate.
- Tate chain carboxylic acid esters such as methyl trifluoroacetate, ethers such as dimethoxyethane and tetrahydrofuran, amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethylformamide, methyl-N, N-dimethylcarbamate, N-methyloxazoly Carbamates such as dinone, ureas such as N, N-dimethylimidazolidinone, boric acid esters such as triethyl borate and tributyl borate, phosphate esters such as trimethyl phosphate and trioctyl phosphate, benzene, Examples include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, fluorobenzene, fluorotoluene, chlorobenzene, biphenyl, fluorobiphenyl, and fluorinated ethers such as trifluoroethyl ether.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, flu
- Nonaqueous solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Some of these non-aqueous solvents are irritating, toxic, environmental pollutant, odor, flammable, etc., but non-aqueous electrolytes are used in the state of being sealed inside the electrochemical element. In addition, the amount of use is small, so there is no particular problem.
- the content of polyvinylacetal resin in the non-aqueous electrolyte is not particularly limited, but it prevents the deterioration of the ionic conductivity, load characteristics, high temperature storage stability, etc. of the electrochemical element as much as possible, and is a laminate of the negative electrode, separator and positive electrode. From the viewpoint of increasing the mechanical strength of the non-aqueous electrolyte as much as possible, it is preferably 0.3 to 3.5% by weight, more preferably 0.7 to 2.3% by weight of the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the electrolyte can be used by appropriately selecting from those commonly used in this field depending on the type of electrochemical element.
- a lithium salt as an electrolyte is used, a lithium battery excellent in charge / discharge load characteristics and shape retention can be obtained.
- an alkyl ammonium salt as an electrolyte is used, an electric double layer capacitor having excellent charge / discharge load characteristics and shape retention can be obtained.
- the content of the electrolyte in the non-aqueous electrolyte can be selected from a wide range according to the type of electrolyte and the type of electrochemical element. Usually 0.1 to 10 mol Z liter, preferably 0.3 3 mol Z liters.
- a compound capable of generating an acid to the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention in addition to the polybulacetal rosin varnish and the electrolyte.
- Compounds that generate acid mainly consist of aldehyde groups formed by electrolytic oxidation of the hydroxyl groups in the main chain of poly (burecetal) resin by energization during the charging process, and 1,2-dihydroxyethylene structures in the main chain.
- polyvinylacetal resin varnish that has been modified by acid modification of poly (bucylacetal) resin is added to the non-aqueous electrolyte. It is preferable to do this.
- non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention when a compound that generates an acid is used, gelation of the non-aqueous electrolyte is likely to occur. Adhesiveness with the insulator is improved.
- Examples of the compound that generates an acid include a compound that generates an acid by a reaction with water, a compound that is electrolytically oxidized in the operating voltage range of an electrochemical element, and the like, but a compound that generates an acid by a reaction with water Is particularly preferred.
- a compound that generates an acid by reaction with water reacts with moisture remaining in the separator electrode of the electrochemical device to generate an acid.
- the generation of acid can be accelerated by heating in the aging process.
- the current technology cannot completely remove the moisture in the electrochemical device.
- a known compound that generates an acid by reaction with water can be used, and examples thereof include a Lewis acid having a halogen atom, a Lewis acid salt, a sulfate ester, and a nitrate ester.
- R Organic group
- A1C1 R (n 1-3, R two n (4-n) n (3-n)
- Lewis acid salts examples include LiPF, LiBF, LiAsF, Li SiF, LiCIO, LiPF
- halogen atom examples include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and the like, but considering the influence on the corrosion resistance of the electrochemical device, the fluorine atom is preferable.
- the sulfate ester examples include 1,3 propane sultone, methyl benzenesulfonate, 1,3 proper 2 ene sultone, 1,4 butane sultone, dimethyl sulfate, jetyl sulfate, and ethylene sulfate.
- nitrate ester examples include ethyl nitrate.
- the above compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the compound that generates an acid by reaction with water in the non-aqueous electrolyte is appropriately selected according to the type of the electrochemical element. Taking the case where the electrochemical element is a lithium battery as an example, there is a concern about the deterioration of battery characteristics due to the compound. Therefore, the content of the compound in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.2 mol Z liter or less, preferably Less than 0.05 mol Z liter.
- the electrochemical element is a lithium battery
- the compound is a Lewis acid or Lewis acid salt having a fluorine atom, and is a lithium salt
- the adverse effect on properties is less likely to occur. You may make it contain exceeding.
- a compound that is electrolytically oxidized within the operating voltage range of the electrochemical device can be oxidized and oxidized in the initial charging step of the electrochemical device to generate an acid, which can contribute to the crosslinking of the polybulassetal resin.
- Examples of such compounds include water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, toluene, diphenyl methane, cyclohexyl benzene, acetone, and malonic esters.
- protic compounds such as polybulal alcohol.
- the above compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the voltage applied at the time of initial charging may be appropriately selected from the operating voltage range of the electrochemical element so that the compound is electrolytically oxidized. For example, with respect to the dissolution and precipitation potential of lithium, it is 3 V or more when the compound to be electrolytically oxidized is alcohol, and 4 V or more when the compound is aromatic.
- the content of the electrolytically oxidized compound in the non-aqueous electrolyte varies depending on the type of electrochemical element, the type of crosslinkable polymer material present in the laminate composed of the negative electrode, separator, and positive electrode. Forces that can be selected appropriately from the range Normally 0.002—0.1 Monore / Ritsunore, Women or 0.005—0.05 Monore / Ritsunore.
- a compound that generates an acid by the reaction with water described above and a compound that is electrolytically oxidized within the operating voltage range of the electrochemical element can be used in combination.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention can be adjusted to a desired composition according to a usual method.
- a lithium salt and another non-aqueous electrolyte solution that also has a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent power are prepared in advance, and the polyblucacetal varnish varnish of the present invention and a compound that generates an acid are mixed and dissolved therein.
- a method of mixing and dissolving a compound that generates a lithium salt and an acid in the polyvinyl acetal varnish varnish, a method of mixing and dissolving a non-aqueous solvent and a compound that generates a lithium salt and an acid in the polyvinyl acetal varnish varnish of the present invention, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the method of preparing a different non-aqueous electrolyte solution having a lithium salt and non-aqueous solvent power in advance, and mixing and dissolving the polyblucacetal varnish varnish of the present invention and an acid-generating compound is workable.
- the viewpoint power is also most desirable.
- generates an acid is added as needed.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution obtained as described above is injected into an electrochemical element.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention produces a laminated body in which a polybulacetal resin is present in a separator, between a negative electrode and Z or between a positive electrode and a separator, and the like.
- it can also be prepared by injecting a general non-aqueous electrolyte solution (no polyvinyl acetate resin) in which an electrolyte is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent.
- the general non-aqueous electrolyte injected into the laminate and the polyvurecetal resin come into contact with each other, and the poly-bialacetal resin is dissolved or swelled in the non-aqueous electrolyte. A non-aqueous electrolyte is obtained.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention includes a negative electrode, a separator, a positive electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and is bonded by an adhesive layer made of a negative electrode, a Z, or a positive electrode, a separator, and a crosslinked product of polyvinylacetal resin. It is characterized by. Among them, those in which an adhesive layer is formed between both the negative electrode and the positive electrode and the separator are preferable.
- the adhesive layer may be formed so as to cover the entire surface of the negative electrode and the separator, or the positive electrode and the separator, or may be formed in a part of an arbitrary pattern.
- the polyvinylacetal resin cross-linked product is preferably 3.5% by weight or less, more preferably, based on the total amount of the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solvent, the electrolyte and the cross-linked product. It is contained in a proportion of 0.3-3. 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5-2. 5% by weight. If it is in this range, it is particularly effective in preventing deterioration of the characteristics as an electrochemical element and in preventing reduction in the adhesive strength of the negative electrode, separator and positive electrode laminate.
- the cross-linked product is preferable because the adhesive property between the electrode and the separator is improved when the polybutacetal resin is subjected to acid modification, compared with the product that does not undergo acid modification.
- a cross-linked product of polyvinylacetal resin can impart sufficient shape retention to an electrochemical device even if the addition amount is very small, and the cross-linked product may inhibit the movement of ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Absent.
- the use of a small amount of a cross-linked product can impart sufficient shape retention to the electrochemical device, so that the decrease in ionic conductivity due to the presence of the cross-linked product can be minimized, and charge / discharge load characteristics can be improved.
- An excellent electrochemical device can be obtained.
- the cross-linked product is excellent in shape retention in a wide temperature range where there is no risk of melting or dissolving in a non-aqueous electrolyte and lowering the adhesive strength even when the electrochemical device is exposed to high temperature. An electrochemical element excellent in retention can be obtained.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention includes the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- the polybulacetal resin in the non-aqueous electrolyte becomes a cross-linked product by energization in the charging process.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is acid-modified, it is more likely to be a cross-linked product due to electrolytic oxidation when energized than a non-acid-modified product.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte containing an acid-modified product of poly (bulucetal) resin has been subjected to acid modification and has higher adhesive strength than the non-aqueous electrolyte containing poly (b) -acetal resin.
- the negative electrode used in the electrochemical device of the present invention includes a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material can be used by appropriately selecting one or more kinds from those conventionally used in this field according to the type of electrochemical element.
- Examples of the negative electrode current collector include copper, nickel, stainless steel, aluminum, and titanium.
- the negative electrode is formed by molding a composition containing a negative electrode active material and a binder into a desired shape and then adhering it to the negative electrode current collector, or by adding a solvent to the composition containing the negative electrode active material and the binder. After adding to the negative electrode mixture slurry, this was applied to one side of the negative electrode current collector and dried, and then subjected to pressure pressing to increase the packing density of the negative electrode active material as necessary, negative electrode
- the negative electrode active material coated with the active material or the binder can be prepared according to a method of forming a desired shape by roll molding, compression molding or the like.
- binder used in these methods those commonly used in this field can be used, and examples thereof include latex such as fluorine resin, celluloses and rubbers.
- solvent those commonly used in this field can be used, and examples thereof include water, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, propylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolatatane, and ⁇ -methyloxazolidinone. It is done.
- One solvent can be used alone, or two or more solvents can be used in combination as required.
- the negative electrode is preferably one in which after the active material filling density of the negative electrode active material layer is increased, a coating layer containing the polyvinyl acetal resin is provided on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode used in the electrochemical device of the present invention includes a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material can be used by appropriately selecting one or two or more kinds from those commonly used in this field depending on the type of the electrochemical element.
- As the positive electrode current collector for example, a passive film is formed on the surface by anodization in a non-aqueous electrolyte, such as Al, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, or an alloy containing two or more of these. The metal to be formed is listed.
- the positive electrode may contain a conductive additive. Use a known conductive aid. Examples thereof include carbon black, amorphous whisker, and graphite.
- the positive electrode can be produced in the same manner as in the above-described method for producing a negative electrode, except that a positive electrode active material is used instead of the negative electrode active material, and a positive electrode current collector is used instead of the negative electrode current collector.
- the separator used in the electrochemical device of the present invention is a membrane that electrically insulates the positive electrode and the negative electrode and allows ions to pass therethrough, and can use various well-known porous membranes.
- the porous membrane material include polyolefin, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyester, and examples of the shape of the microporous membrane include a microporous film and a nonwoven fabric.
- the separator according to the present invention is particularly preferably a porous polyethylene film, a porous polypropylene film or a multilayer film of a porous polyethylene film and a porous polypropylene film, which is preferably a porous polyolefin film. Other resin excellent in thermal stability may be coated on the surface of the porous membrane.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention includes, for example, a battery such as a lithium secondary battery, a lithium primary battery, a magnesium battery, and a calcium battery, a capacitor such as an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, and an electric double layer capacitor electrochemical capacitor.
- a battery such as a lithium secondary battery, a lithium primary battery, a magnesium battery, and a calcium battery
- a capacitor such as an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, and an electric double layer capacitor electrochemical capacitor.
- the electrochemical element of the present invention is excellent in electrical load characteristics, charge / discharge characteristics, shape retention and high temperature storage, and exhibits high mechanical strength.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention can be easily reduced in thickness, and can maintain sufficient electrical load characteristics and charge / discharge characteristics even when used for a long period of time, and there is no fear of liquid leakage or damage. So it is not necessary to add a special structure to prevent these!
- the electrochemical device of the present invention is obtained by impregnating a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a polyvinyl rubetal resin component in a laminate including a negative electrode, a separator, and a positive electrode, and then conducting polyblucacetal resin by electricity in a charging process.
- the greatest feature of the production method of the present invention is to cross-link polybutyl alcohol resin using a charging operation as a trigger, and by bonding, the negative electrode and Z or the positive electrode and the separator are bonded.
- the polybulassetal resin component is a mixture of a) a polybutacetal resin or a mouth) and a compound that generates acid. is there.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte is injected into the laminate to seal the casing.
- a general method for producing an electrochemical device that performs initial charging and aging is employed, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is used as the electrolytic solution.
- the poly (vinyl acetal) resin contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution can be cross-linked by energization in the initial charging step to produce the electrochemical device of the present invention.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin can be either acid-modified or acid-modified, but it is not necessary to cross-link polybutacetal resin in the current-carrying process, and negative electrode and separator and Z or positive electrode and separator. Because of its high adhesiveness, it is desirable to use an acid-modified product. In the case where the polyvinyl acetal resin is not acid-modified, if a non-aqueous electrolyte contains a compound that generates an acid, an acid is generated in the non-aqueous electrolyte in the charging step and the aging step, and the polyvinyl Cetal rosin is acid-modified, and cross-linking tends to occur.
- an electrochemical device in which the adhesive strength of components constituting the electrochemical device is equal to or higher than that of a conventional gel-type polymer electrolyte, with a significantly smaller amount of polybutacetal resin. Obtainable. Furthermore, even if the polybulassal resin crosslinks to gel the non-aqueous electrolyte, the amount of the cross-linked product is so small that it inhibits the movement of ions in the non-aqueous electrolyte. Therefore, the high ion conductivity inherent in the non-aqueous electrolyte can be sufficiently exhibited, and an electrochemical device having excellent electrical load characteristics can be obtained.
- the following method is preferable.
- the method of injecting the nonaqueous electrolytic solution after the electrode and the separator are bonded in advance with an adhesive it is very difficult to inject the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- a method of bonding an electrode and a separator by applying a non-aqueous electrolyte into a separator after applying an adhesive that shows adhesiveness only after swelling in the non-aqueous electrolyte is applied to the separator Since the agent is highly swellable with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte, it will dissolve in the non-aqueous electrolyte when exposed to high temperatures or stored for a long period of time, resulting in a decrease in adhesion.
- the production method of the present invention is carried out in a normal process for producing an electrochemical element, and it is not necessary to add a new process. Therefore, general production equipment for electrochemical elements can be used as it is, It can be a simple manufacturing process.
- Step of injecting non-aqueous electrolyte into laminate having negative electrode, separator and positive electrode force first, the negative electrode, separator and positive electrode are laminated.
- This laminated body is formed into an arbitrary shape such as a cylindrical shape, a coin shape, a square shape, or a film shape as required, and is attached to a casing for an electrochemical element such as a metal can or a metal laminated film bag.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is injected into the laminate.
- a general nonaqueous electrolytic solution injection method can be employed.
- the acid content of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution is preferably kept low until it is injected into the laminate.
- the term “acid” as used herein gradually changes the quality of the acid-modified product and is not a compound that generates acid.
- the acid is mainly contained as an impurity in each component contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the acid content in the non-aqueous electrolyte is usually 20 mmol Z liters or less, preferably 5 mmol Z liters or less, more preferably 2 mmol Z liters or less. If the acid content is large, the acid-modified product may be cross-linked or altered before the non-aqueous electrolyte is injected into the laminate, and the non-aqueous electrolyte may thicken and become difficult to inject into the laminate.
- polybulacetal resin is present between the negative electrode and the separator, between the positive electrode and the separator, in the separator, and the like.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing the above components that is, a solvent in which an electrolyte and, if necessary, a compound capable of generating an acid are added
- the polyvinylacetate resin can be used in the form of beads, powder or pellets, or a sheet or film containing polybulecetal resin.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin does not need to be dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte, so that the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte does not increase and the injection into the laminate is facilitated. Can be easily obtained. Also in this case, it is preferable that the acid content of the non-aqueous electrolyte is in the above range.
- the surface of the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode, both or one side of the separator, or the positive electrode of the positive electrode A coating layer containing polyvinyl acetal resin may be formed on the surface of the polar active material layer. This also simplifies the production of the electrochemical device of the present invention.
- the coating layer is applied to the surface on which the coating layer is to be formed, for example, by applying a solution or slurry obtained by dissolving or dispersing polybulacetal resin in an organic solvent, or the varnish of the present invention. It can be formed by removing the organic solvent by heating or the like.
- organic solvent used here a known one that can uniformly dissolve or disperse the acid modification product of polyvinylacetate resin that does not corrode the negative electrode active material or the positive electrode active material can be used.
- examples thereof include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidinone, dimethylformamide, and ⁇ -butyrolatathone.
- spraying polyvinylacetal resin a method of spraying polyvinylacetal resin, a method of sputtering polybutacetal resin, a method of pressure-bonding polyvinylacetal resin, and the like.
- polybulassetal resin may be used as a part or all of the binder for forming the active material layer, and polybulucetal resin may be included in the negative electrode active material layer. ,.
- the amount of the polybulacetal resin used depends on the internal volume and porosity of the electrochemical element, the liquid of the non-aqueous electrolyte. It can be appropriately selected depending on the amount. If the amount of polyvinylacetate resin used is too small, the adhesive strength becomes weak, and if it is too much, ion migration in the non-aqueous electrolyte may be inhibited.
- Negative electrode active material Examples include a method of increasing the packing density by controlling the quality formation rate, the supply rate, and the like.
- the porosity is used as an index of the packing density in the negative electrode active material layer. The lower the porosity, the higher the packing density.
- the packing density is increased so that the porosity of the negative electrode active material layer is 0.05 to 0.95, preferably 0.1 to 0.9, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5. Just do it. If priority is given to suppressing the electrolysis of the non-aqueous electrolyte, the amount of poly (vinylacetal) resin used is 0.5-20 mg, preferably 1-5 mg per lm 2 of the surface area of the negative electrode active material layer. is there.
- the porosity in the present invention is a value obtained by (Vl-VO) ZV1, where VI is the volume of the solid and V0 is the volume obtained by dividing the weight of the solid by the true density. .
- the electrochemical device of the present invention is intended to seal the electrochemical device after injecting the non-aqueous electrolyte into the laminate as described above, and to perform the initial charging process, stabilize the characteristics of the electrochemical device, determine defects, etc. The aging process is performed.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin In the state where the non-aqueous electrolyte is injected into the laminate, the polyvinyl acetal resin is present in a state dissolved or swollen in the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the electrode and the separator are not bonded. By receiving energization in the initial charging process, the polybulassetal resin is cross-linked, and the electrode and the separator are bonded. At this time, when the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention contains a compound that generates an acid, the cross-linking of the polyvurecetal resin proceeds more smoothly, and the acid modification and the cross-linking of the poly (vinylacetal) resin occur.
- the electrochemical device may be heated in the initial charging step and the aging step.
- the heating of the electrochemical element promotes the generation of acid, and the cross-linking of the polybulacetal resin proceeds more smoothly.
- the heating at this time is performed within a range that does not deteriorate the electrochemical element.
- specific heating conditions For example, 0.5 to 30 days (preferably 1 to 7 days) at 45 ° C, 1 hour to 7 days (preferably 5 hours to 3 days) at 60 ° C, and the like.
- the crosslinked product of polyvinyl acetal resin is insoluble in the non-aqueous solvent by crosslinking and can be separated from the non-aqueous solvent by simple separation means such as filtration or centrifugation. Or insoluble in a non-aqueous solvent but dispersed almost uniformly in the non-aqueous solvent and gelled with the non-aqueous solvent. It can be secondarily confirmed from the improvement of the adhesive strength of the laminate, which also has a negative electrode, a separator and a positive electrode force, whether the polybula-cetal resin is crosslinked in the electrochemical element.
- a cross-linked product of polybulacetal resin is selectively present at the interface between the negative electrode and the separator and the interface between the positive electrode and the separator.
- the amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte including the cross-linked product is W 1 (g)
- the amount of the filtrate after separating and removing the cross-linked product by filtration is W 2 (g).
- the percentage value obtained by dividing W2 by W1 (W2ZW1 ⁇ 100) is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 40% or more, and even more preferably 60% or more.
- the upper limit of this percentage value is determined by the content of acid-modified products in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the polyvinylacetal resin should be rapidly oxidized after the electrolytic oxidation of the polyvinylacetal resin on the electrode surface. It is preferable to crosslink.
- it may be heated at as high a temperature as possible without degrading the characteristics of the electrochemical element.
- the heating temperature is 40 ° C-90 ° C, preferably 50 ° C-60 ° C.
- the heating time may be determined in consideration of the influence on the battery characteristics.
- a lithium battery is a battery in which a non-aqueous electrolyte is injected into a laminate including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator, and the negative electrode and the separator and Z or the positive electrode and the separator are connected by a bridge made of polybulassal resin. Glued.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a lithium salt as an electrolyte
- the negative electrode includes lithium metal or a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium or lithium.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material a known compound capable of inserting and extracting lithium metal or lithium can be used.
- lithium, lithium-containing alloy, silicon that can be alloyed with lithium, silicon alloy, tin examples include tin alloys, tin oxide that can occlude and release lithium, silicon oxide, transition metal oxides that can occlude and release lithium, transition metal nitrides that can occlude and release lithium, and carbon materials that can occlude and release lithium.
- the negative electrode current collector those commonly used in this field can be used, and examples thereof include copper, nickel, and stainless steel.
- the negative electrode is, for example, uniformly mixed with a negative electrode active material and a binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose, latex, and a crosslinkable polymer material, and this mixture is applied onto the negative electrode current collector and dried.
- a binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose, latex, and a crosslinkable polymer material
- it can be formed by performing a press for increasing the packing density of the negative electrode active material.
- Transition metal oxides or transition metal sulfides such as 2 2 2 2 2 5, LiCoO, LiMnO, LiMn O, Li
- Conductive polymer materials such as dimercaptothiadiazole z polyarin complex, and carbon materials such as fluorinated carbon and activated carbon.
- a composite oxide composed of lithium and a transition metal is particularly preferable, which is preferably an active material capable of generating an electromotive force of 3 V or higher, preferably 3.8 V or higher, with respect to the dissolution and precipitation potential of lithium.
- the positive electrode active material can be used alone or in combination of two or more. If the positive electrode active material shows an electromotive force of 3 V or more with respect to the dissolution potential of the lithium, the polyvinyl acetal resin will sufficiently receive the electrolytic acid and the crosslinking of the polyvinyl acetal resin will proceed. It becomes easy to do.
- As the positive electrode current collector those commonly used in this field can be used.
- the positive electrode includes, for example, a positive electrode active material and polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, Prepared by uniformly mixing with a binder such as a crosslinkable polymer material, coating the mixture on a positive electrode current collector and drying, preferably by pressing to increase the packing density of the positive electrode active material. it can.
- a conductive additive such as carbon black, amorphous whisker, or graphite can also be used.
- the same separator as that described in the section of the electrochemical device of the present invention can be used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium battery contains a lithium salt as an electrolyte and a polyvurecetal resin varnish.
- lithium salts those commonly used as electrolytes for lithium batteries can be used.
- LiPF, LiBF, LiCIO, LiAsF, Li SiF, LiOSO C F (k 1
- LiPF LiBF
- LiBF is particularly preferred. These litchi 4
- One or more salt can be used.
- the content of the lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.1 to 1 mol Z liter, preferably 0.5 to 2 mol Z liter.
- Polybulassetal rosin varnish is obtained by dissolving polybulucetal rosin in a carbonate solvent.
- Carbonate solvents are most suitable as electrolyte solutions for lithium secondary batteries because of their electrochemical stability (redox stability) and chemical stability, and are used as the main solvent.
- Carbonates used in non-aqueous electrolytes include cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates.
- the cyclic carbonate include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and trifluoroethylene carbonate.
- chain carbonic acid esters include dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, ditrifluoroethyl carbonate, ethyl carbonate, dibutynole carbonate, and methyl octyl carbonate.
- Chain car such as Bonate is mentioned.
- a carboxylic acid ester is also suitable and can be contained in the electrolytic solution.
- the carboxylic acid ester include cyclic carboxylic acid esters such as ⁇ -butyrolatatone, and chain carboxylic acid esters such as methyl acetate, methyl propionate, pentafluoropropyl acetate, and methyl trifluoroacetate.
- the carbonates exemplified above can be used singly or in combination of two or more. In consideration of improving the load characteristics, low temperature characteristics, etc. of the resulting battery, a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate are used in combination. Is preferred.
- the mixing ratio of cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate is 5: 95—80: 20, preferably 10: 90—70: 30, more preferably 15:85 by weight. — 55: 4 5
- cyclic carbonate: chain carbonate is 5: 95—80: 20, preferably 10: 90—70: 30, more preferably 15:85 by weight.
- — 55: 4 5 By setting such a ratio, it is possible to increase the degree of dissociation of the electrolyte while suppressing an increase in the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte. Therefore, it is possible to increase the conductivity of the non-aqueous electrolyte related to the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery. And the solubility of the non-aqueous electrolyte can be maintained at a high level.
- the power to use the cyclic ester alone or the mixed amount of the chain ester is the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent. It is preferable to make it 20% by weight or less.
- the cyclic ester ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolatatone, a mixture of two or more of these is preferable.
- a chain carbonate is preferred as the chain ester.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium battery may contain other solvents, additives and the like as long as the characteristics are not impaired.
- solvents include ethers, amides, carnomates, ureas, phosphate esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, and fluorinated ethers.
- the lithium battery of the present invention can be produced according to the above-described method using the above-described negative electrode for lithium battery, separator and positive electrode and the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention containing a lithium salt as an electrolyte.
- non-aqueous electrolyte As the non-aqueous electrolyte used here, Lewis acid having a halogen atom, which is a compound that generates an acid by reaction with lithium salt (electrolyte) and water, and Z or Z The one with Lewis acid is preferred.
- the lithium salt the same kind as that used in the non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries can be used with the same content.
- the above-mentioned ones can be used as the polybulassal varnish varnish, and among them, the acid-modified varnish of polybulal formal varnish is preferred.
- the content of polybulassetal resin in the non-aqueous electrolyte is not more than 3.5% by weight of the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte, preferably 0.3-3. 5% by weight, more preferably 0.5-2.5% by weight. %. By setting the content in this range, it is possible to obtain a lithium battery having excellent shape retention properties while minimizing the influence on the charge / discharge load characteristics.
- the Lewis acid or Lewis acid salt having a halogen atom those described above can be used, and among them, the halogen atom is preferably a fluorine atom.
- the halogen atom is preferably a fluorine atom.
- LiPF and LiBF that also have a function as an electrolyte salt are preferable. Also, do not use the rack in nonaqueous electrolyte
- Specific examples of SiF R n (4-n) n (4-n) include, for example, trimethylsilyl fluoride, triphenylsilyl fluoride, dimethylsilyl difluoride, diphenylsilyl difluoride, methylsilyl triflate. Examples thereof include fluoride and fursilyl trifluoride, and trimethylsilyl fluoride is particularly preferred.
- SiF R is directly applied to non-aqueous electrolysis n (4-n) n (4-n)
- a Lewis acid or a Lewis acid salt containing a halogen atom can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the Lewis acid or Lewis acid salt having a halogen atom is 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the lithium battery of this invention can be used for the same use as the conventional lithium battery.
- various consumer electronic devices among them, mobile phones, mopile, laptop personal computers, cameras, portable video recorders, portable CD players, portable MD players, and the like.
- the hydroxyl group concentration calculated from the composition ratio of the butyl alcohol unit (2) was 1.34 mol Zkg.
- polyvinyl formal resin having various molecular weights was obtained by using polyvinyl alcohol resin having various molecular weights in place of polybulal alcohol resin having an average degree of polymerization of 800.
- the chemical composition of each was almost the same as that of the polybul formal oil.
- polybutelacetal resin, polypropylpropyl resin or polyvinyl petital resin was obtained by using acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde or butyraldehyde instead of formalin.
- Their chemical composition was 72% by weight of buracetal part, 16% by weight of butyl acetate part and 12% by weight of butyl alcohol part.
- Polybulformal resin (average degree of polymerization 800) obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 was added to 100 ml of a 2: 1 (volume ratio) mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate at a concentration of 5%. Dissolved, added with 0.01% sulfuric acid, and subjected to heat treatment (acid modification treatment) at 45 ° C. for 144 hours to obtain a solution containing an acid-modified product of polyvinyl formal resin.
- varnishes were prepared using the polyvinyl provirals, polyvinylacetotals and polyvinylbutyrals obtained in the synthesis examples instead of polybulal formal resin.
- Table 1 In the items of polyacetal rosin species in the table, “H” indicates polyvinyl formal, “P” indicates polyvinyl probiral, “A” indicates polybulasset acetal, and “B” indicates polybutyral.
- the evaluation criteria of solubility are: ⁇ : dissolved, ⁇ : partially insoluble, X: insoluble.
- Table 1 shows that the solubility of the mixed solvent of cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate is greatly improved. In addition, it can be seen that among polyvinylacetal resins, the solubility of polybutaform resin is excellent.
- Polyvinyl formal resin varnish with a concentration of 5% by weight was prepared by dissolving the polyvinyl formal resin (average polymerization degree 800) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 in various non-aqueous solvents.
- the flash points of these varnishes were measured using a closed tag type and summarized in Table 2. [Table 2]
- the varnish composed of the polyvinyl formal resin obtained in Synthesis Example 1 or the varnish composed of the acid-modified polycarbonate of Polybul formal resin obtained in Synthesis Example 2 is mixed with a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent, and further a dehydrating agent. To prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Varnish A (product of the present invention) was prepared by dissolving the polybulformal resin of Synthesis Example 1 in a 1: 1 (volume ratio) mixed solvent of EC and MEC.
- Varnish B (product of the present invention) was obtained by dissolving the acid-modified product of polybulformal rosin of Synthesis Example 2 in a 1: 1 (volume ratio) mixed solvent of EC and EMC.
- Varnish C is a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent in which the polyvinyl formal resin of Synthesis Example 1 is dissolved in a 1: 1 (volume ratio) mixed solvent of toluene and butanol.
- the following two types were used: “for capacitors”) and lithium batteries (hereinafter “lithium batteries”).
- non-aqueous electrolyte solvent for the capacitor propylene carbonate containing tetrabutyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate at a ratio of 1 mol Z liter was used.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent for lithium batteries a mixed solvent of EC and EMC (1: 1 volume ratio) containing lithium hexafluorophosphate at a ratio of 1 mol Z liter was used.
- the water content of the two types of non-aqueous electrolyte solvents was adjusted to 10 ppm or less.
- the varnish of the present invention exhibits the action of gelling the non-aqueous electrolyte solvent when used in combination with a dehydrating agent, and is useful for preventing leakage of electric double layer capacitors and lithium batteries. I was divided. In order to exert this effect, it was desirable to reduce the amount of water in the varnish.
- a solution containing an acid-modified product of polyvinyl formal resin was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 2 except that polyvinyl formal resin having a different viscosity was used.
- the obtained acid-modified product had the physical properties shown in Table 4.
- the concentration of protons appearing at 4.28 ppm in all three acid-modified products was reduced to 70% or less by acid treatment. It was done.
- the varnish containing the acid-modified product of polybulformal resin obtained in Synthesis Example 2 and Synthesis Example 3 was mixed with ethylene carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate to obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is composed of ethylene carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate at a weight ratio of 2: 3, LiPF concentration of 1 mol Z liter, and acid modification of polybulal formal resin.
- T1 1 T10 is the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention (Example 9)
- R1-R4 is the non-aqueous electrolyte of the reference example.
- Non-aqueous electrolytes Tl-T6 and R1-1R2 acid-modified products were obtained in Synthesis Example 2
- T7-T10 and R3-R4 acid-modified products were obtained in Synthesis Example 3. It is.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte solution having the same composition as that of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of T3 and using a poly (vinylformal) resin, a poly (vinyl probial) resin, or a poly (butyral) resin instead of poly (b) formal resin was prepared.
- the solubility of each resin in a non-aqueous solvent and the stability when the non-aqueous electrolyte was stored at 25 ° C were visually observed. The results are shown in Table 6.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte (T3) using polyvinyl formal resin is uniformly used as the electrolyte. It can be dissolved, and even when stored for 30 days or more, it remains in a liquid state free from insolubles and precipitates, and is found to be optimal for use in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention.
- Non-aqueous electrolytes using other polyvinylacetal liquors may require insoluble matter removal in some cases, and after preparation of the non-aqueous electrolyte, immediately inject into the electrochemical device without storage for a long period of time. It is clear that it is good.
- Conductive agent 7 parts and acetylene black (conductive agent) 3 parts and poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PV DF, binder) 8 parts are mixed and dispersed in 80 parts of N-methylpyrrolidone.
- LiCoO mixture slurry is applied to a 20 m thick aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector).
- the cloth is dry. This was pressed at a pressure of about 9.8 ⁇ 10 7 Pa (1000 kgZcm 2 ) to produce a positive electrode.
- the porosity of the positive electrode active material in this positive electrode was 0.25.
- the negative electrode obtained in 1) above was punched into a circle having a diameter of 14 mm.
- the negative electrode had a negative electrode mixture thickness of 80 ⁇ m and a weight of 20 mgZl4 mm ⁇ .
- the positive electrode As the positive electrode, the positive electrode obtained in 2) above was used by punching it into a circle having a diameter of 13.5 mm.
- This LiCoO electrode has a LiCoO mixture thickness of 70 ⁇ m and a weight of 42 mgZl3.5 mm ⁇ .
- the 10 nonaqueous electrolyte solutions of the present invention (T 1 1 T 10) of Example 9 or the 4 nonaqueous electrolyte solutions of Reference Example 3 (R 1— R4) 0.25 ml was poured, and an aluminum plate (thickness 1.2 mm, diameter 16 mm) and panel were stored.
- a coin-type lithium ion secondary battery with a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 3.2 mm was manufactured by attaching a battery can lid through a polypropylene gasket to maintain the airtightness of the battery.
- the negative electrode was produced as follows. 70 parts of mesocarbon microbeads (trade name: MCMB10-28, manufactured by Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.), 20 parts of natural graphite (trade name: LF18A, manufactured by Chuetsu Graphite Co., Ltd.) and polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder was mixed with 10 parts to prepare a negative electrode mixture, which was further dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to form a slurry. And this slurry was uniformly apply
- a positive electrode mixture was prepared by mixing 91 parts of Ichi Systems Co., Ltd., 6 parts of Grauuit as a conductive agent, and 3 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder. Dispersed in methyl-2-pyrrolidone to form a slurry. Then, this slurry was uniformly applied to both surfaces of a 20 m thick aluminum foil as a positive electrode current collector, dried and then compression molded with a roll press to produce a positive electrode.
- a negative electrode and a positive electrode were sequentially laminated through a separator made of a microporous polypropylene film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and wound in a spiral shape to produce a wound body.
- An insulating plate was inserted into the bottom of an iron battery can with nickel plating, and the wound body was stored.
- one end of a nickel negative electrode lead was pressed onto the negative electrode, and the other end was welded to the battery can.
- one end of an aluminum positive electrode lead is attached to the positive electrode, and the other end is electrically connected to the battery lid via a current blocking thin plate that cuts off current according to the battery internal pressure. Connected.
- Example 9 Five kinds of non-aqueous electrolytes of the present invention ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 5, ⁇ 6) in Example 9 and reference While injecting 4 ml of the two types of non-aqueous electrolytes (Rl, R2) in Example 3 into the battery can, repeatedly reducing the pressure inside the battery can and returning it to normal pressure. Injected. Finally, the battery lid was fixed by applying force to the battery can through an insulating sealing gasket coated with asphalt to produce a cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte battery with a diameter of 18 mm and a height of 65 mm.
- the coin-type and cylindrical lithium-ion secondary batteries of the present invention were manufactured by charging to 4.2 V with a current of 2 A and crosslinking the acid-modified product of polybula formal resin contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a coin-type lithium secondary battery using T5 of Example 9 as a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared. This was charged to 0.5 V, 3.8 V, or 4.0 V with a current of 2 mA, and then allowed to stand at room temperature (25 ° C) or 50 ° C for 24 hours. This standing for 24 hours corresponds to an aging process in a general method for manufacturing an electrochemical device. Thereafter, the coin-type lithium secondary battery was disassembled, and the adhesion between the electrode and the separator was examined. The results are shown in Table 6.
- CMX300 7.5 mm probe made by Chemagnetics was used.
- the measurement conditions are: Resonance frequency: 75. 5578 MHz [Use trowel-single-nore-nores method! The bandwidth is 30 kHz.
- the 13 C-solid NMR ⁇ vector measured by the above method shows that the cross-linked product has a signal near 70 ppm less than that of the acid-modified product, and a signal that is not present in the acid-modified product is observed around 90-lOppm. Is done.
- the signal near 70 ppm is presumed to be a carbon signal with a hydroxyl group attached, and the signal near 90-l lOppm is presumed to be a carbon signal bound to two oxygens in the acetal ring. Therefore, a signal near 70 ppm decreases and a signal that is not present in the original acid-modified product is observed at around 90-lOppm.
- Cylindrical and coin-type lithium ion secondary batteries were made using electrolyte solutions T1, T3, T5, T6, R1, and R2, respectively.
- the amount (g) of nonaqueous electrolyte that can be injected into the cylindrical battery was examined.
- Impedance change rate XZY
- Coin-type lithium ion secondary batteries were prepared using electrolyte solutions T1, T10, and R1-R4. They were charged to 4.2V and discharged to 3.0V with a current of 0.5mA. The discharge capacity at this time was defined as “initial discharge capacity”. The battery was charged to 4.0V and left for 24 hours. For this battery, the following adhesive evaluation, initial charge / discharge characteristic evaluation, and battery characteristic evaluation after high-temperature storage were performed. The results are shown in Table 8.
- A The active material layer of the electrode and the separator are firmly adhered to each other, and even when the peeling operation is performed, the electrode is peeled off from the interface between the current collector and the active material layer, and the separator remains attached to the active material layer of the electrode. Seven.
- A The active material layer of the electrode and the separator were sufficiently adhered, but when the peeling operation was performed, the electrode also peeled off the interfacial force between the active material layer and the separator.
- the battery of Reference Example 4-16 using an electrolyte solution with ⁇ 1/2 Xc greater than 1000 has a poor battery property. Force with 1/2 Xc of 100 to 1000 Reference Example 7 using an electrolyte solution with a hydroxyl group concentration of 2.0 mol Zkg or more in the acid-modified product of polybulformal rosin Although it adheres, the battery characteristics are degraded.
- the content of LiPF is 1 mol / liter, and the content of beylene carbonate is 1%.
- Table 10 shows the contents of Libul formal rosin and tristrimethylsilyl phosphate.
- the electrolyte LiPF and water react to form.
- the hydrofluoric acid contained 0.01%.
- Tristrimethylsilyl phosphate is used as a compound for generating trimethylsilyl fluoride in a non-aqueous electrolyte, and trimethylsilyl fluoride is a Lewis acid with a high acid generation rate.
- L1PF6 electrophilyte
- bi-ethylene carbonate bi-ethylene carbonate
- a radical polymerization initiator trade name: Perbutyl (registered trademark) PV, manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.
- the content of LiPF and beylene carbonate is 1 mol / liter, bilene carbon
- the content of the salt is 1%.
- the content of trimethylolpropane ethoxylate acrylate is 5%.
- the radical polymerization initiator was added at 3000 ppm.
- trimethylolpropan ethoxylate acrylate is a macromonomer for gel-type polymer electrolyte.
- the radical polymerization initiator is an additive for gelling the macromonomer.
- a negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as described above (Examples 10 to 20 and Reference Examples 4 and 8).
- a positive electrode was prepared in the same manner as described above (Examples 10 to 20 and Reference Examples 4 to 8).
- the negative electrode As the negative electrode, the negative electrode was punched into a disk shape having a diameter of 14 mm.
- the coin-shaped negative electrode had a negative electrode mixture thickness of 80 ⁇ m and a weight of 20 mgZl4 mm ⁇ .
- the above-mentioned positive electrode was punched into a disc shape having a diameter of 13.5 mm.
- This coin-shaped LiCoO electrode has a LiCoO mixture thickness of 70 m and a weight of 42 mgZl3.5 mm ⁇ .
- a negative electrode having a diameter of 14 mm, a separator made of a microporous polypropylene film having a diameter of 16 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m, and a positive electrode having a diameter of 13.5 mm were laminated in this order. Thereafter, 0.04 ml of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution obtained above was injected into the separator, and an aluminum plate (thickness 1.2 mm, diameter 16 mm) and panel were stored.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 20. On the surface of the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode, a 4% propylene carbonate solution of polyvinyl formal resin was applied at a rate of 5 mg per 1 cm 2 (15 mg per lg of graphite) and dried to form a polybulal formal film.
- a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 20. On the surface of the positive electrode active material layer of the positive electrode, a 4% propylene carbonate solution of polyvinyl formal resin was applied at a rate of 5 mg per 1 cm 2 (15 mg per gram of graphite) and dried to form a polybulal formal film.
- a 2% propylene carbonate solution of polybulal formal resin was applied at a rate of 2 mg per lcm 2 and dried to form a polyformal formal film.
- a negative electrode on which the polybulal formal resin film was formed was punched into a disk shape having a diameter of 14 mm.
- the coin-shaped negative electrode had a negative electrode mixture thickness of 80 m and a weight of about 20 mgZl4 mm ⁇ .
- the positive electrode As the positive electrode, a positive electrode on which the polybulal formal resin film was formed was punched into a disk shape having a diameter of 13.5 mm.
- the coin-shaped LiCoO electrode has a LiCoO mixture thickness of 70 m, weight was about 42mgZl3.5mm.
- a negative electrode having a diameter of 14 mm, a separator made of a microporous polypropylene film having a diameter of 16 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m, and a positive electrode having a diameter of 13.5 mm were laminated in this order.
- 0.04 ml of non-aqueous electrolyte was poured into the separator, and an aluminum plate (thickness 1.2 mm, diameter 16 mm) and panel were stored.
- the battery can lid was crimped through a polypropylene gasket. This was allowed to stand at room temperature for 12 hours to produce a coin-type lithium battery of Example 30.
- EC and MEC are mixed at a ratio of 2: 3 (weight ratio), and this mixed solvent contains 1 mol / liter of LiPF (electrolyte) and 1% of bi-ethylene carbonate. Amount
- Example 30 A non-aqueous electrolyte solution used in Example 30 was used as the non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and the same negative electrode, positive electrode, and separator as in Example 20 were used to produce a coin-type lithium battery for comparison in the same manner as in Example 20. .
- the coin-type lithium batteries of Examples 20-29 and Comparative Example 3-4 were first charged to 4.2 V with a current of 0.5 mA and then discharged with a constant current of 5 mA until the voltage of the battery reached 3 V (initial charge). .
- the discharge capacity at this time was defined as “initial capacity”.
- the ratio of initial capacity to charge capacity was defined as “initial charge / discharge efficiency (%)”.
- the battery was discharged at a constant current of 5mA until the battery voltage reached 3V.
- the discharge capacity at this time was defined as the "5mA discharge capacity”.
- the ratio of 5mA discharge capacity to the initial capacity was defined as “5mA discharge capacity ratio (%)”.
- the measurement was performed at 25 ° C.
- the battery is charged to 4. IV and stored at 60 ° C for 2 days (called aging storage) After that, the battery characteristics (5 mA discharge capacity) were measured to obtain the 5 mA discharge capacity ratio (%). Subsequently, after charging to 4.2V and storing at 85 ° C for 3 days (referred to as high temperature storage), the battery characteristics (5mA discharge capacity) were measured to determine the 5mA discharge capacity ratio (%).
- the storage characteristics were evaluated by comparing with the battery characteristics after initial charging.
- the initial charging and aging storage described above sufficiently generate acid in the battery, and the polyvinyl formal resin dissolved or swollen in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is acid-modified, further crosslinked, and non-crosslinked. Separated from the water electrolyte, the electrode and separator are strongly bonded.
- the battery was disassembled after aging storage and high temperature storage tests, peeled off from the electrode and separator, and examined for adhesion, and evaluated according to the following criteria.
- A The active material layer of the electrode and the separator are firmly adhered to each other, and even when the peeling operation is performed, the electrode is peeled off from the interface between the current collector and the active material layer, and the separator remains attached to the active material layer of the electrode. Seven.
- Example 4 3. 1 9 0. 8 9 6 9 1 7 9 XXXX
- the lithium battery of the example has the same battery characteristics as Comparative Example 4, which is a normal lithium battery, and the electrode and the separator are bonded. I was strong. In particular, the adhesion between the positive electrode and the separator was improved.
- Example 20 A comparison between Example 20 and Examples 21-23 showed that the adhesion between the electrode and the separator could be further improved by adding tristrimethylsilyl phosphate. In particular, the adhesion between the negative electrode and the separator was improved.
- the present invention can provide a lithium battery having excellent shape retention and excellent charge / discharge load characteristics.
- the present invention can be implemented in various other forms without departing from the spirit or main characteristic power thereof. Therefore, the above-described embodiment is merely an example in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is shown in the claims, and is not restricted by the text of the specification. Further, all modifications and changes belonging to the scope of claims are within the scope of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
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JP2006552815A JP4878290B2 (ja) | 2005-01-14 | 2005-01-14 | ポリビニルアセタール樹脂ワニス、ゲル化剤、非水電解液および電気化学素子 |
US11/795,313 US8124272B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2005-01-14 | Polyvinyl acetal resin varnish gelling agent, nonaqueous electrolyte solution, and electrochemical device |
PCT/JP2005/000415 WO2006075392A1 (ja) | 2005-01-14 | 2005-01-14 | ポリビニルアセタール樹脂ワニス、ゲル化剤、非水電解液および電気化学素子 |
CN200580046627XA CN101103070B (zh) | 2005-01-14 | 2005-01-14 | 聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂清漆、胶凝剂、非水电解液和电化学元件 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101103070B (zh) | 2010-08-25 |
JPWO2006075392A1 (ja) | 2008-06-12 |
CN101103070A (zh) | 2008-01-09 |
JP4878290B2 (ja) | 2012-02-15 |
US20080090145A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
US8124272B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 |
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