WO2006073160A1 - 電子写真感光体及び画像形成装置 - Google Patents
電子写真感光体及び画像形成装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006073160A1 WO2006073160A1 PCT/JP2006/300045 JP2006300045W WO2006073160A1 WO 2006073160 A1 WO2006073160 A1 WO 2006073160A1 JP 2006300045 W JP2006300045 W JP 2006300045W WO 2006073160 A1 WO2006073160 A1 WO 2006073160A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0666—Dyes containing a methine or polymethine group
- G03G5/0672—Dyes containing a methine or polymethine group containing two or more methine or polymethine groups
- G03G5/0674—Dyes containing a methine or polymethine group containing two or more methine or polymethine groups containing hetero rings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0612—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing nitrogen
- G03G5/0614—Amines
- G03G5/06142—Amines arylamine
- G03G5/06144—Amines arylamine diamine
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0675—Azo dyes
- G03G5/0679—Disazo dyes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0675—Azo dyes
- G03G5/0679—Disazo dyes
- G03G5/0681—Disazo dyes containing hetero rings in the part of the molecule between the azo-groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0675—Azo dyes
- G03G5/0687—Trisazo dyes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0675—Azo dyes
- G03G5/0687—Trisazo dyes
- G03G5/0688—Trisazo dyes containing hetero rings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0696—Phthalocyanines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member. More specifically, it has a photosensitive layer containing an arylamine compound having a specific structure, in particular, a photosensitive layer containing an azo pigment, and is further exposed by monochromatic light of 380 to 500 nm.
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor suitable for use.
- Organic photoconductive materials are lighter in weight than inorganic materials, easy to form films, easy to manufacture photoreceptors, and depending on the type, materials that can produce transparent photoreceptors are available. It has advantages such as no pollution.
- so-called function-separated type photoconductors in which the charge carrier generation and transfer functions are assigned to different compounds, are effective in achieving high sensitivity, and are becoming the mainstream of development.
- Several layer configurations have been devised for the photosensitive layer of such a function-separated type photoreceptor, but the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer are stacked by separating the functions of charge generation and charge transport.
- a so-called single-layer type photosensitive member containing a stacked type photosensitive member and a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance in the same layer is generally used.
- a polymer photoconductive compound such as polybulur rubazole
- a case where a low molecular photoconductive compound is dispersed or dissolved in a binder resin there is.
- organic low-molecular photoconductive compounds can be selected from polymers with excellent film properties, flexibility, adhesiveness, etc. as binder resins, so that photoconductors with excellent mechanical properties can be easily obtained. Can be obtained.
- a specific arylamine compound or the like is used as a charge transport material.
- Use and balance No! / ⁇ Technology for providing electrophotographic photoreceptors has been reported! (For example, see Patent Document 1).
- coating solutions containing compounds with poor solubility in solvents have poor storage stability, so that crystals can precipitate during storage, the viscosity can increase significantly, and the components can easily be separated. It was difficult to industrially form a photosensitive layer containing a compound by applying and drying a coating solution. Also, when the photoconductor is incorporated into the image forming apparatus or when the image forming apparatus is subjected to maintenance, it is greatly damaged by external light and a large amount of charge traps are generated inside the photoconductor, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the photoconductor. There was a problem of doing.
- an electrophotographic apparatus using monochromatic light typified by an LED or a laser as exposure light is known as exposure light for a photoreceptor.
- a light source having a relatively long wavelength having a wavelength of about 600 to 800 nm is mainly used as exposure light.
- charge generation material suitable for exposure with light having a short wavelength electrophotography using a semiconductor laser that emits light with a wavelength of 380 to 500 nm as an azo compound having various structures is used as a light source. It has been proposed as a charge generating material for a photoreceptor of an apparatus (for example, Patent Document 2). Various charge transport materials suitable for exposure with short-wavelength light have also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-194393
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-6-324502
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-105478
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-350282
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described prior art, and the compound represented by the formula (1) according to the present invention is soluble in a solvent or has a phase in the case of being mixed with other materials.
- This is a photosensitive material that has a good balance of various electrical characteristics such as residual potential and excellent light resistance, and has a particularly high strength against light with a wavelength of 380 nm to 500 nm. It is intended to provide a body. It is another object of the present invention to provide a high-performance image forming apparatus capable of forming a good image even when exposed with light having a wavelength of 380 to 500 nm.
- a first gist of the present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by the following formula (1): It exists in an electronic photo sensation.
- IT represents a group having a chiral center
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an aryl which may have a substituent
- R 3 and R 4 each independently represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent or an arylene group which may have a substituent
- R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 each independently represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent
- at least one of R 5 to R 8 represents a substituent.
- the second gist of the present invention resides in an electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by the formula (1) and contains a azo pigment.
- a third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by the formula (1) and a compound represented by the following formula (3): Exists in electrophotographic photoreceptors
- R 12 represents an alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms in total, which has an cycloalkyl group optionally having an alkyl substituent, and Z is
- Ring X may have a substituent.
- the fourth gist of the present invention resides in an electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by the formula (1), an azo pigment, and a phthalocyanine pigment.
- the fifth gist of the present invention resides in an image forming apparatus characterized in that an image is formed by exposing the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention with monochromatic light having a wavelength of 380 to 500 nm.
- the present invention high sensitivity, low residual potential, high chargeability, and small variation in their electrical characteristics due to exposure to strong light, in particular, charging stability that affects image density. It is possible to provide a photoconductor having good durability and excellent durability.
- the coating solution for forming the coating used for forming the photosensitive layer is excellent in stability, and the sensitivity in the region of 380 to 500 nm is high.
- the high-performance image forming apparatus used can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a main configuration of an embodiment of an image forming apparatus provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of oxytitanium phthalocyanine used in Examples. Explanation of symbols [0019] 1 Photoconductor
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has a photosensitive layer containing a compound represented by the following formula (1).
- R 1 represents a group having a chiral center.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- R 3 and R 4 each independently represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent or an arylene group which may have a substituent.
- R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 each independently represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent or an aryl group which may have a substituent. At least one of R 5 to R 8 is an aryl group having a substituent.
- the compound represented by the formula (1) may be used alone or in combination. If desired, the compound represented by the formula (1) can be used in combination with another charge transport material.
- the amount of the charge transport material to be used in combination is not particularly limited, but in order to obtain the effects of the present invention sufficiently, the total weight contained in the photosensitive layer of the charge transport material to be used in combination is a compound represented by the formula (1). It is preferred not to exceed the weight of the object.
- the R 1 Examples of the group having a chiral center, chiral centers is not more preferable groups are carbon atoms.
- the group bonded to the chiral center of R 1 is not particularly limited unless it is a group that is known to deteriorate the electrical properties such as a carbo group, an alkoxy carbo group, and a nitro group. It is not something.
- the group bonded to the chiral center of R 1 preferably has a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent. Examples thereof include an alkyl group which may be substituted and an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an alkenyl group which may have a substituent is more preferable. Furthermore, it is particularly preferable that the hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may have a substituent is used.
- the alkyl group those having 1 to 17 carbon atoms are preferred, and those having 1 to 5 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
- the substituent of the alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, and aryl group include a hydroxyl group and a substituent.
- alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group, a phenyl group that may further have a substituent, an aryl group such as a naphthyl group, or a phenyl group that may have a substituent.
- substituents include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, halogen atoms such as a fluorine atom, and the like.
- R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 are groups different from each other and may have a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but may have an alkyl group or a substituent. ! /, Even! / Represents an alkenyl group. Among them are two things may have a substituent alkyl group of R 9 to R U, one of them is particularly preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may have a substituent is particularly preferably a hydrogen atom.
- substituent that the alkyl group and aryl group may have are the same as those described for R 1 above.
- R 3 and R 4 each independently represent an alkylene group which may have a substituent, or may have a substituent, and may represent an arylene group. Among them, a phenylene group having a substituent and a preferable arylene group is more preferable, and a 1,4-phenylene group is more preferable.
- the alkylene group and arylene group may have V, and examples of the substituent include the same substituents as those described above for R 1 .
- R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent. Represents a good aryl group. At least one of R 5 to R 8 One is an aryl group having a substituent. The other three groups may have a substituent, may be V, an alkyl group, may have a substituent! /, Or may be a aryl group. Of these, the aryl group which may have a substituent is preferable, and all the other three groups have a substituent, and the aryl group is particularly preferable.
- aryl group examples include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and the like, and examples of the substituent include alkyl groups that are the same as those described for R 1 above.
- a tolyl group or a xylyl group having a substituted methyl group at the 3-position, Z-position or 4-position with respect to the carbon atom bonded to the nitrogen atom is particularly preferred.
- Specific examples of preferred arylamine compounds of the present invention represented by the above formula (1) are shown below.
- arylamine compounds are, for example, tertiary amine compounds having R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 in the general formula (1) as substituents, and R 3 , R 7 , and R 8.
- a tertiary amine compound having R 1 and R 2 as a substituent and a carbo-Louis compound having R 1 and R 2 , or R 3 and R 5 in the general formula (1) After an acid condensation reaction between the second amine compound having a substituent and a secondary amine compound having R 4 and R 7 as a substituent and a carbonyl compound having R 1 and R 2 further Harogeni ⁇ having a R 6, and by a method such as to halogen compound and coupling reaction with R 8, can be produced.
- the coupling reaction at that time may be performed by Ullmann reaction using a copper catalyst or an iron catalyst, or by a method using a palladium catalyst.
- a phosphorus derivative is preferably used as a ligand of the noradium catalyst, which is preferably based on a method using a palladium catalyst.
- the nitrogen flow rate is preferably 0.0001 to 5% by volume Z of the reaction vessel, and more preferably 0.001 to 3% by volume Z.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has a photosensitive layer on a conductive support.
- the photosensitive layer configuration constituting the electrophotographic photosensitive member any conventionally known configuration can be used.
- the specific configuration includes a layer containing a charge generating material and a charge transporting material. Examples thereof include a laminated type photoreceptor in which layers are laminated, and a single-layer type photoreceptor in which a charge generating substance is dispersed in a layer containing a charge transport substance.
- the laminated type photoreceptor there are a forward laminated type photoreceptor in which the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer are laminated in this order from the support side, and a reverse laminated type photoreceptor in which the layers are laminated in reverse order.
- a layer structure can also be used, a sequentially laminated type photoreceptor capable of exhibiting the most non-conducting photoconductivity is preferable.
- the photosensitive layer contains the compound represented by the formula (1) according to the present invention.
- the compound represented by the formula (1) is used as a charge transport material, but is not particularly limited, and other compounds may be used in combination.
- a charge transporting material exhibits the same performance as a function of transporting charges regardless of whether it is used for a single layer type photoreceptor or a laminated type photoreceptor.
- the conductive support examples include a metal material such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, copper, and nickel, and a resin material and aluminum provided with conductivity by adding conductive powder such as metal, carbon, and tin oxide.
- a metal material such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, copper, and nickel
- a resin material and aluminum provided with conductivity by adding conductive powder such as metal, carbon, and tin oxide.
- Mainly used are resin, glass, paper, etc., with a conductive material such as nickel, ITO (indium indium oxide-tin-tin alloy) deposited or applied on its surface.
- a drum shape, a sheet shape, a belt shape or the like is used.
- a conductive material having an appropriate resistance value may be applied.
- an anodized film may be applied and used.
- an anodic acid coating it is desirable to perform a sealing treatment by a known method.
- an anodic oxidation film is formed by anodizing in an acidic bath of chromic acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, boric acid, sulfamic acid, etc.
- anodic oxidation in sulfuric acid the sulfuric acid concentration is 100 to 300 gZl
- the dissolved aluminum concentration is 2 to 15 gZl
- the liquid temperature is 15 to 30 ° C
- the electrolysis voltage is 10 to 20 V
- the current density is 0.5 to 2 AZdm2.
- the sealing treatment may be carried out by a known method, for example, a low temperature sealing treatment in which the sealing treatment is immersed in an aqueous solution containing nickel fluoride as a main component, or a certain one is in an aqueous solution containing nickel acetate as the main component. It is preferable to apply a high-temperature sealing treatment soaked in
- the treatment temperature is 25 to 40 ° C, preferably 30 to 35 ° C
- the aqueous nickel fluoride pH is 4.5 to 6.5
- the treatment is preferably in the range of 5.5 to 6.0.
- the pH regulator oxalic acid, boric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, aqueous ammonia and the like can be used.
- the treatment time is preferably in the range of 1 to 3 minutes per 1 m of film thickness of the coating.
- cobalt fluoride, cobalt acetate, nickel sulfate, a surfactant and the like may be added to the fluoride-aqueous solution. Subsequently, it is washed with water and dried to finish the low temperature sealing treatment.
- an aqueous solution of a metal salt such as nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, lead acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt cobalt, barium nitrate, etc. can be used, but it is particularly preferable to use nickel acetate. ⁇ .
- the concentration when using an aqueous nickel acetate solution is preferably within the range of 5 to 20 gZl.
- the treatment temperature is 80 to 100 ° C, preferably 90 to 98 ° C, and the pH of the aqueous nickel acetate solution is preferably in the range of 5.0 to 6.0.
- P H aqueous ammonia as regulators, sodium acetate, etc. can be used.
- the treatment time is 10 minutes or longer, preferably 15 minutes or longer.
- sodium acetate, organic carboxylic acid, ionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, etc. may be added to the nickel acetate aqueous solution in order to improve the film properties. Further, it may be treated with high temperature water or high temperature steam substantially free of salts. Next, it is washed with water and dried to finish the hot sealing process.
- the average thickness of the anodic acid coating is usually 20 m or less, particularly 7 m or less.
- the surface of the support may be smooth, or may be roughened by using a special cutting method or by performing a polishing treatment. Further, it may be roughened by mixing particles having an appropriate particle diameter with the material constituting the support.
- An undercoat layer may be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer in order to improve adhesion and blocking properties.
- a resin a resin obtained by dispersing particles of a metal oxide or the like in a resin
- metal oxide particles used for the undercoat layer include metal oxide particles containing one kind of metal element such as titanium oxide, acid aluminum, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, and iron oxide. And metal oxide particles containing a plurality of metal elements such as calcium titanate, strontium titanate, and barium titanate. Only one type of particles may be used, or a mixture of multiple types of particles may be used. Among these metal oxide particles, acid titanium and acid aluminum are preferable, and acid titanium is particularly preferable.
- titanium oxide particles The surface of titanium oxide particles is treated with inorganic materials such as tin oxide, aluminum oxide, antimony oxide, zirconium oxide, and silicon oxide, or organic materials such as stearic acid, polyol, and silicone. It may be given. Any of rutile, anatase, brookite, and amorphous can be used as the crystal form of the titanium oxide particles. Multiple crystal states are included!
- the particle size of the metal oxide particles is preferably lOnm or more and lOOnm or less as the average temporary particle size from the standpoints of the characteristics and stability of the liquid, among various available forces. Preferred is lOnm or more and 50 nm or less.
- the undercoat layer is preferably formed in a form in which metal oxide particles are dispersed in a binder resin.
- binder resin used for the undercoat layer phenoxy resin, epoxy resin, polybulurpyrrolidone, polybulal alcohol, casein, polyacrylic acid, celluloses, gelatin, starch, polyurethane, polyimide, polyamide, etc. alone or With hardener
- alcohol-soluble copolymerized polyamides and modified polyamides are preferable because of their good dispersibility and coating properties.
- the mixing ratio of the inorganic particles with respect to Noinda rosin is preferably in the range of 10% by weight to 500% by weight, which can be arbitrarily selected, from the viewpoint of dispersion stability and coating properties.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer can be arbitrarily selected, but is preferably from 0.1 ⁇ to 20 / ⁇ m in view of the photoreceptor characteristics and coating properties.
- the undercoat layer may contain a known antioxidant or the like.
- any known compound can be used as long as the effect of the present invention is not hindered, and the combined use is not hindered. More specifically, for example, phthalocyanine pigment (metal-free phthalocyanine, metal-containing phthalocyanine), perinone pigment, thioindigo, quinatalidone, perylene pigment, anthraquinone pigment, azo pigment (bisazo pigment, trisazo pigment, tetrakis) Organic pigments), cyanine pigments, polycyclic quinones, pyrylium salts, thiopyridium salts, various organic pigments such as indigo, anthanthrone, and pyranthrone, and organic photoconductive compounds such as dyes.
- phthalocyanine pigment metal-free phthalocyanine, metal-containing phthalocyanine
- perinone pigment thioindigo
- quinatalidone perylene pigment
- anthraquinone pigment anthraquinone pigment
- azo pigment bisazo
- phthalocyanine pigments or azo pigments are preferred, and azo pigments are particularly preferred.
- azo pigments those having a plurality of azo bonds are particularly preferred, and bisazo pigments or trisazo pigments are preferred.
- Specific examples of the azo pigment suitable as the charge generating substance are shown below.
- a compound represented by the following formula (3) is particularly preferred.
- Ring X may have a substituent.
- Ring X may have a substituent such as a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, an iodine atom or a chlorine atom; a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n propyl group, an i propyl group, an n butyl group or an n xyl group. Alkyl group; alkoxy group such as methoxy group, ethoxy group and n-propoxy group. Of these, fluorine atom, chlorine atom and methoxy group are preferred. However, it is most preferable that there is no substituent on the benzene ring represented by X.
- the bonding position of the OR 12 group is arbitrary.
- the bond is preferably bonded to the meta position with respect to the carbon atom to which the CONH group is bonded.
- the alkyl group having a cycloalkyl group represented by R 12 is an alkyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the cycloalkyl group moiety has a carbon number of 8 or less, more preferably 4-6. More specifically, R 12 is preferably a cycloalkyl group having a cyclohexyl group, and particularly preferably a cyclohexylmethyl group, among the forces listed in Table 1.
- the compound represented by the formula (3) may be used alone or in combination.
- other charge generating materials can be used in combination. Any conventionally known compound can be used as long as it does not hinder the characteristics of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, which is not particularly limited to other charge generating materials to be used in combination.
- the amount of the other charge generating material used in combination is not particularly limited, but in order to obtain the effect of the present invention sufficiently, the total weight contained in the photosensitive layer of the combined charge generating material is expressed by the formula (3). It is preferred not to exceed the weight of the compound to be made.
- a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material is formed.
- the charge generation layer usually comprises fine particles obtained by finely pulverizing these charge generation materials by paint shaker grinding, sand grind mill, ball mill, ultrasonic treatment, stirring, etc., for example, polyester, polybutyl acetate, polyacrylate, Polymethacrylic acid ester, Polyester, Polycarbonate, Polybulassetal, Polybulassetacetal, Polypropylpropional, Polybulutipital, Polyamide, Polyurethane, Cellulose ether, Phenoxy resin, Key resin resin, Epoxy resin , Urethane resin, cellulose ester, cellulose ether, butadiene, styrene, butyl acetate, chlor chloride, ethyl vinyl ether, and other binders such as polymers and copolymers of vinyl compounds Used in.
- the usage ratio of the charge generation material in the charge generation layer is from 30 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin, and the film thickness is usually 0.1 m to lm, preferably 0.15. m to 0.6 m force is preferred. In this case, if the ratio of the compound represented by the formula (3) is too small, the charge generation function cannot be sufficiently exerted, and if it is more than a certain amount, the deterioration of the coating solution for forming the charge generation layer is promoted. Binder resin is used from 30 to 500 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight.
- a compound represented by the above formula (1) is usually used, but any known compound can be used as long as the effect of the present invention is not hindered, and the combined use is not hindered. More specifically, for example, diphenoquinone derivatives, aromatic-tro compounds such as 2,4,7-tri-fluorenone, force rubazole derivatives, indole derivatives, imidazole derivatives; oxazole derivatives, pyrazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, pyrazoline Derivatives, heterocyclic compounds such as thiadiazole derivatives, aniline derivatives, hydrazone compounds, Nitrogen-containing compounds such as aromatic amine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, butadiene derivatives, enamine compounds, polymers in which a plurality of these compounds are bonded, or polymers having groups composed of these compounds in the main chain or side chain, etc. Is mentioned.
- a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material is formed.
- the charge transport layer may be a single layer, or may be a stack of a plurality of layers having different constituent components or composition ratios.
- the charge generating material is dispersed in the charge transport medium having the same configuration as that of the charge transport layer of the multilayer photoreceptor.
- the charge transport layer of the multilayer photoreceptor and the charge transport medium of the single-layer photoreceptor are usually obtained by binding these charge transport materials with a Noinder resin.
- the charge transport layer and the charge transport medium are The exposure light transmission must be excellent so as not to block the exposure light, and the charge transport material and binder resin should not cause precipitation of components with high compatibility or turbidity. Is preferred. Further, in order to form a good image, it is preferable that the light transport layer or charge transport medium that does not absorb exposure light has a transmittance of exposure light of 87% or more, more preferably 90%. % Or more, more preferably 93% or more, and particularly preferably 95% or more.
- the exposure light transmittance of the charge transport layer or charge transport medium can be achieved by selecting a charge transport material, for example, using a compound represented by the formula (1) of the present invention as the charge transport material. It can also be achieved by adjusting the thickness of the charge transport layer. Any known method can be used for measuring the transmittance of exposure light.
- the layer is formed on a transparent plate (for example, a quartz glass plate) according to the measurement wavelength, and is commercially available. It can measure with a spectrophotometer.
- the content ratio of the binder resin to the charge transport material is usually 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- the total charge transport material ranges from 30 to 200 parts by weight, preferably from 40 to 150 parts by weight.
- the thickness of the charge transport layer and the photosensitive layer of the single-layer type photoreceptor is usually 5 to 50 m, preferably 10 to 45 ⁇ m. If the film thickness is too thin, the life of the photoreceptor is shortened due to wear, and if the film thickness is too thick, the resolution of the image tends to deteriorate due to diffusion of exposure light and electric charge.
- plasticizers for improving film-forming properties, flexibility, coating properties, stain resistance, gas resistance, light resistance, etc.
- a leveling agent and a surfactant for example, silicone oil, fluorine oil, and other additives may be contained.
- the antioxidant include hindered phenol compounds and hindered amine compounds.
- binder resins used in the charge transport layer of the multilayer photoreceptor and the photosensitive layer of the single-layer photoreceptor include vinyl heavy resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, and poly salt cellulose. And their copolymers, polycarbonate, polyester, polyester carbonate, polysulfone, polyimide, phenoxy resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, etc., and these partially cross-linked cured products or a mixture of these. Can also be used.
- the binder resin particularly preferably used includes a polycarbonate resin represented by the following formula (4) and a polyester represented by the following formula (5) having a repeating structure.
- Examples include rosin and polyester rosin represented by the following formula (6).
- Ar 13 and Ar 14 each have a substituent, and may represent a arylene group, and Ar 15 has a substituent. However, it represents a divalent group having an aromatic ring.
- Ar 15 include an arylene group which may have a substituent and a divalent group represented by the following formula (A).
- Ar 16 and Ar 17 represent an arylene group which may have a substituent.
- Ar 16 and Ar 17 have a substituent, and a phenylene group is preferable! /.
- Examples of the substituent that Ar 13 to Ar 17 may have include an alkyl substituent having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and an alkoxy substituent having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that may have a substituent.
- Q represents a single bond or —CR 16 R 17 —, and R 16 and R 17 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a linked alicyclic structure.
- one O—Ar 13 —Q—Ar 14 —O— represents a partial structure of a dihydroxyaryl component.
- dihydroxyaryl components that form these structures include biphenol residues and biphenol residues, and specific examples thereof include:
- Bis (4-hydroxy-1,3,5-dimethylphenol) methane Bis (4-hydroxyphenol) methane, Bis (4-hydroxy-1-methylphenol) methane, 1,1-bis (one) (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenol) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenol) propane, 2,2-bis ( 4-hydroxy-1-3-methylphenol) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenol) butane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) pentane, 2,2-bis-1- (4-hydroxyphenol) 3-methylbutane,
- 1-bis (3-phenol 4-hydroxyphenol) propane 2,2-bis (3-phenol 4-hydroxyphenol) propane, 1,1-bis (4 —Hydroxy-1-methylphenyl) ethane, 2,2-bis-1- (4-hydroxy-1-methylphenol) propane, 2,2-bis-1- (4-hydroxy-1-ethylphenyl) propane, 2, 2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenol) propane, 2,2-bis-1- (4-hydroxy-3-sec-butylphenol) propane, 1,1-bis-1- (4 —Hydroxy-1,3,5-dimethylphenol), 2,2-bis-1- (4-hydroxy-1,3,5-dimethylphenol) propane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxy-1,3,5-dimethylphenol) L) cyclohexane, 1,1-bis- (4-hydroxy-one)
- preferred compounds are bis (4-hydroxy-1,3,5 dimethylphenol) methane, bis (4-hydroxyphenol) methane, and bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenol).
- dicarboxylic acid residues include phthalic acid residues, isophthalic acid residues, terephthalic acid residues, toluene 2,5 dicarboxylic acid residues, p-xylene 2,5 dicarboxylic acid residues, naphthalene 1, 4 -Dicarboxylic acid residue, naphthalene-1,2,3 dicarboxylic acid residue, naphthalene-1,2,6 dicarboxylic acid residue, biphenyl- 2,2, -dicarboxylic acid residue, biphenyl-lou 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid residue, Diphenyl ether 2,2, -dicarboxylic acid residue, diphenyl ether 2,3'-dicarboxylic acid residue, diphenyl ether 2,4'-dicar
- phthalic acid residues isophthalic acid residues, terephthalic acid residues, naphthalene 1,4-dicarboxylic acid residues, naphthalene 2,6 dicarboxylic acid residues, biphenyl, 2, 2, -Dicarboxylic acid residue, biphenyl 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid residue, diphenyl ether 2,2, -dicarboxylic acid residue, diphenyl ether 2,4'-dicarboxylic acid residue, diphenyl ether 4,4 ' A dicarboxylic acid residue.
- an isophthalic acid residue a terephthalic acid residue, and a diphenyl ether 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid residue.
- the abundance ratio of dicarboxylic acid residues having a structure represented by the formula (A) exceeds 70%. More preferably, the abundance ratio of the dicarboxylic acid residue having the structure represented by the formula (A) is more than 80%, particularly the presence of the dicarboxylic acid residue having the structure represented by the formula (A). The ratio is over 90%.
- viscosity average molecular weight is 10,000 or more, preferably ⁇ is 20,000 or more, 100,000 or less, more preferably ⁇ is 70,000 or less. Used in a range.
- a charge generating substance is dispersed in a charge transport medium having a blending ratio such as the charge transport layer.
- the amount of the charge generating substance is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 50% by weight, more preferably in the range of 1 to 20% by weight with respect to Noinda rosin.
- the thickness of the photosensitive layer is generally 5 to 50 m, preferably 10 to 45 m. Even in this case, well-known plasticizers, electron-withdrawing compounds, leveling agents, anti-oxidation agents, etc. are added to improve film-forming properties, coating properties, stain resistance, gas resistance, etc. You may contain a thing.
- a protective layer may be provided on the photosensitive layer for the purpose of preventing electrical and mechanical deterioration. Also, for the purpose of reducing the frictional resistance and wear on the surface of the photoreceptor, the surface layer may contain particles of these resins or inorganic compounds which may contain fluorine-based resin, silicone resin, etc. It may be.
- the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is prepared by dissolving or dispersing the compound represented by formula (1) and Z or an azo compound together with a binder in a suitable solvent according to a conventional method. Apply a coating solution obtained by adding a known charge generating material, sensitizing dye, electron-withdrawing compound, other charge transporting material, or a known additive such as a plasticizer or a pigment onto the conductive substrate. It can be manufactured from Kako which is applied and dried.
- the upper layer is placed on the charge generation layer. It can be produced by applying the coating solution or by forming a charge generation layer on the charge transport layer obtained by applying the coating solution.
- Examples of the solvent or dispersion medium used for preparing a coating solution for coating and forming each layer constituting the photoreceptor include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-methoxyethanol; tetrahydrofuran, 1, 4 Ethers such as dioxane and dimethoxyethane; Esters such as methyl formate and ethyl acetate; Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone; Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; Dichloromethane Chlorine such as 1,2-dichlorodichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1,1 trichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, 1,2-dichloropronone, trichloroethylene, etc.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-methoxyethanol
- Nitrogen-containing compounds such as tylenediamine and triethylenediamine; aprotic polar solvents such as acetonitrile, N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, etc. Used in combination with more than species.
- Examples of the method for coating and forming the photosensitive layer include spray coating, spiral coating, ring coating, and dip coating.
- Spray coating methods include air spray, airless spray, electrostatic air spray, electrostatic spray spray, rotary atomizing electrostatic spray, hot spray, hot airless spray, etc.
- the rotary atomizing electrostatic spray is disclosed in the republished Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1-805198. That is, the axis of the cylindrical workpiece is rotated while rotating. By continuously transporting the sheet without any interval in the direction, it is possible to obtain an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in film thickness uniformity with high overall deposition efficiency.
- the snail coating method a method using a liquid injection coating machine or a curtain coating machine disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-119651, or a micro-opening disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-231966. There are a method of causing the paint to fly continuously in a streaky manner, a method using a multi-nozzle body disclosed in JP-A-3-193161, and the like.
- the total solid content concentration is preferably 10% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or more and 35% by weight or less, and the viscosity. Is preferably 50 to 700 mPa's, more preferably 100 to 500 mPa's, and in the case of the charge generation layer of the laminated photosensitive layer, the solid content concentration is preferably 15% by weight or less, more preferably 1 to 10% by weight. %, The viscosity is preferably 0.1 to: LOmPa's.
- the coating film is dried, and the drying temperature time may be adjusted so that necessary and sufficient drying is performed. If the drying temperature is too high, air bubbles may be mixed in the photosensitive layer. If the drying temperature is too low, it takes time to dry, and the amount of residual solvent increases, which adversely affects the electrical characteristics. Usually, it is in the range of 100 to 250 ° C, preferably 110 to 170 ° C, more preferably 120 to 140 ° C.
- a hot air dryer, a steam dryer, an infrared dryer, a far infrared dryer, or the like can be used.
- the image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, a charging device 2, an exposure device 3, and a developing device 4, and further includes a transfer device 5, a cleaning device as necessary.
- a fixing device 6 and a fixing device 7 are provided.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is the above-described electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention.
- the above-described photosensitive layer is formed on the surface of a cylindrical conductive support. Shows a drum-shaped photoconductor.
- a charging device 2, an exposure device 3, a developing device 4, a transfer device 5 and a cleaning device 6 are arranged along the outer peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, respectively.
- the charging device 2 charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and uniformly charges the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 to a predetermined potential.
- a roller type charging device (charging roller) is shown as an example of the charging device 2.
- a corona charging device such as a corotron and a scorotron
- a contact charging device such as a charging brush are often used.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and the charging device 2 are designed to be removable from the main body of the image forming apparatus as a cartridge including both of them (hereinafter, referred to as a photosensitive member cartridge as appropriate).
- the photoreceptor cartridge can be removed from the image forming apparatus main body, and another new photosensitive cartridge can be mounted on the image forming apparatus main body.
- the toner described later is often stored in the toner cartridge and designed to be removable from the main body of the image forming apparatus, and this toner cartridge is used when the toner in the toner cartridge is used up.
- the main body of the image forming apparatus can be removed and another new toner cartridge can be installed.
- a cartridge equipped with the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, the charging device 2, and the toner may be used.
- the type of exposure apparatus 3 is not particularly limited as long as it can expose the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.
- Specific examples include halogen lamps, fluorescent lamps, lasers such as semiconductor lasers and He-Ne lasers, and LEDs.
- exposure may be performed by a photoconductor internal exposure method.
- the light used for exposure is arbitrary. Especially, the wavelength is 380 ⁇ ! It is preferable to expose with monochromatic light with a short wavelength of ⁇ 500nm, more preferably 380 ⁇ ! Exposure with monochromatic light of ⁇ 430nm.
- the developing device 4 may use any device such as a dry development method such as cascade development, one-component conductive toner image, two-component magnetic brush development, or a wet development method that is not particularly limited in type. it can.
- the developing device 4 includes a developing tank 41, an agitator 42, a supply port roller 43, a developing roller 44, and a regulating member 45, and stores toner T inside the developing tank 41. ing.
- a replenishing device (not shown) for replenishing toner T may be attached to the developing device 4 as necessary. This replenishing device is configured to replenish toner T from a container such as a bottle or a cartridge.
- Supply roller 43 is formed of a conductive sponge or the like.
- the developing roller 44 is made of a metal roll such as iron, stainless steel, aluminum, or nickel, or a resin roll in which such a metal roll is coated with silicone resin, urethane resin, fluorine resin, or the like. If necessary, the surface of the developing roller 44 may be smoothed or roughened.
- the developing roller 44 is disposed between the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and the supply roller 43 and is in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and the supply roller 43, respectively.
- the supply roller 43 and the developing roller 44 are rotated by a rotation drive mechanism (not shown).
- the supply roller 43 carries the stored toner T and supplies it to the developing roller 44.
- the developing roller 44 carries the toner T supplied by the supply roller 43 and contacts the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1.
- the regulating member 45 is made of a resin blade such as a silicone resin or a urethane resin, a metal blade such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, brass, phosphor bronze, or a blade obtained by coating such a metal blade with a resin. Is formed.
- the regulating member 45 abuts on the developing roller 44 and is pressed against the developing roller 44 side with a predetermined force by a spring or the like (general blade linear pressure is 5 to 500 gZcm). If necessary, the regulating member 45 may be provided with a function of imparting charge to the toner T by frictional charging with the toner T.
- the agitator 42 is rotated by a rotation driving mechanism, and agitates the toner T and conveys the toner T to the supply roller 43 side.
- Multiple agitators 42 may be provided with different blade shapes and sizes.
- the type of toner T is arbitrary, and in addition to powdered toner, polymerized toner using suspension polymerization method or emulsion polymerization method can be used.
- polymerized toner when polymerized toner is used, a toner having a small particle size of about 8 to 8 m is preferred, and the toner particles have a shape close to a sphere, and various spheres on the potato are removed. Can be used.
- the polymerized toner is excellent in charging uniformity and transferability, and is suitably used for high image quality.
- the transfer device 5 uses a device using any method such as electrostatic transfer methods such as corona transfer, roller transfer, and belt transfer, pressure transfer method, and adhesive transfer method, which are not particularly limited in type. Can do.
- electrostatic transfer methods such as corona transfer, roller transfer, and belt transfer, pressure transfer method, and adhesive transfer method, which are not particularly limited in type. Can do.
- the transfer device 5 is composed of a transfer charger, a transfer roller, a transfer belt, and the like disposed opposite to the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.
- the transfer device 5 applies a predetermined voltage value (transfer voltage) having a polarity opposite to the charging potential of the toner T, and transfers the toner image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 onto the recording paper (paper, medium) P. Is.
- the cleaning device 6 There are no particular restrictions on the cleaning device 6. Any cleaning device such as a brush cleaner, magnetic brush cleaner, electrostatic brush cleaner, magnetic roller cleaner, blade cleaner, etc. can be used.
- the cleaning device 6 is attached to the photosensitive member 1. The residual toner is scraped off by a cleaning member, and the residual toner is collected. However, if there is little or almost no toner remaining on the surface of the photoreceptor, the cleaning device 6 may be omitted.
- the fixing device 7 includes an upper fixing member (pressure roller) 71 and a lower fixing member (fixing roller) 72, and a heating device 73 is provided inside the fixing member 71 or 72.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which a heating device 73 is provided inside the upper fixing member 71.
- a fixing roll in which a metal base tube such as stainless steel or aluminum is coated with a silicone rubber, a fixing roll in which Teflon (registered trademark) resin is coated, and a fixing sheet are known. These heat fixing members can be used.
- each of the fixing members 71 and 72 may be configured to supply a release agent such as silicone oil in order to improve releasability, or may be configured to force pressure to be mutually forced by a panel or the like. Good.
- the toner transferred onto the recording paper P passes between the upper fixing member 71 and the lower fixing member 72 heated to a predetermined temperature, the toner is heated to a molten state and cooled after passing. The toner is fixed on the recording paper P.
- the fixing device is not particularly limited in its type, and a fixing device of an arbitrary method such as heat roller fixing, flash fixing, oven fixing, pressure fixing, etc. can be provided.
- an image is recorded as follows. That is, first, the surface (photosensitive surface) of the photoreceptor 1 is charged to a predetermined potential (for example, ⁇ 600 V) by the charging device 2. At this time, charging can be performed by superimposing AC voltage on DC voltage, which can be charged by DC voltage.
- a predetermined potential for example, ⁇ 600 V
- the charged photosensitive surface of the photoreceptor 1 is exposed by the exposure device 3 according to the image to be recorded, and an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive surface.
- the developing device 4 develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive surface of the photoreceptor 1.
- the developing device 4 thins the toner T supplied by the supply roller 43 with a regulating member (developing blade) 45 and has a predetermined polarity (here, the same potential as the charging potential of the photosensitive member 1). And negatively charged), transported while being carried on the developing roller 44, and brought into contact with the surface of the photoreceptor 1.
- a toner image corresponding to the electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive surface of the photoreceptor 1.
- This toner image is transferred to the recording paper sheet by the transfer device 5. Thereafter, toner remaining on the photosensitive surface of the photoreceptor 1 without being transferred is removed by the cleaning device 6.
- the final image is obtained by passing the fixing device 7 and thermally fixing the toner image onto the recording sheet sheet.
- the image forming apparatus may have a configuration capable of performing, for example, a static elimination process.
- the neutralization step is a step of neutralizing the electrophotographic photosensitive member by exposing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a fluorescent lamp, LED, or the like is used as the neutralizing device.
- the light used in the static elimination process is often light having an exposure energy that is at least three times that of the exposure light.
- the image forming apparatus may be further modified.
- the image forming apparatus may be configured to perform a process such as a pre-exposure process or an auxiliary charging process, or may be configured to perform offset printing. May be configured as a full-color tandem system using a plurality of types of toner.
- the viscosity average molecular weight of the resin used for the charge transport layer was calculated as follows. Dissolve the resin in dichloromethane and prepare a solution with a concentration of 6.OOg / L. Solvent (dichloromethane) flow time t is 136. Ubbelohde type capillary with 16 seconds
- Example 1 Use a 75 ⁇ m thick polyester film deposited with aluminum as a support, and apply the following charge generation layer coating solution on it with a wire bar so that the film thickness after drying is 0. And dried to form a charge generation layer. On this layer, the following charge transport layer coating solution is applied with an applicator and dried at room temperature for 30 minutes and then at 125 ° C for 20 minutes to produce photoreceptor A having a charge transport layer with a thickness of 25 m. did. The charge transport layer coating solution used at this time was coated on quartz glass so that the film thickness after drying was 25 m, and the sample obtained was dried using an equivalent quartz glass as the background. The transmittance for light of 427 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer UV1650PC manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, and it was 99.9%.
- the charge transport layer coating solution was prepared by dissolving in 480 parts and 120 parts of toluene.
- Photoreceptor B was produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that the charge transport layer coating solution was used in an amount of 90 parts of the compound represented by formula (7). Using the charge transport layer coating solution used at this time, the transmittance of the film with respect to light of 427 nm was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, it was 99.9%.
- a photoconductor C was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transport layer coating solution was used in Example 1, wherein the amount of the compound represented by Formula (7) was 50 parts. Used in this case Using the charge transport layer coating solution, the transmittance of the film with respect to light of 427 nm was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, it was 99.9%.
- Example 1 a photoconductor D was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound represented by the following formula (9) was used instead of the compound represented by the formula (7). Using the charge transport layer coating solution used at this time, the transmittance of the charge transport layer with respect to 427 nm light was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, it was 99.9%.
- Example 1 in place of the compound represented by the formula (7), all operations were performed except that a mixture of 35 parts of the charge transport material of the following formula (10) and 35 parts of the charge transport material of the formula (11) was used.
- Photoreceptor E was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. When the transmittance of the film with respect to 427 nm light was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the charge transport layer coating solution used at this time, it was 99.0%.
- Example 1 instead of the compound represented by the formula (6), the compound of the following formula (12) was used, and instead of the compound represented by the formula (7), 35 parts of the substance of the formula (10) A photoconductor F was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 5 parts of the substance of the formula (11) 3 was used. Using the charge transport layer coating solution used at this time, the transmittance of the film to light of 427 nm was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, it was 99.0%.
- Example 3 Photoreceptor G was produced in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the compound of formula (10) was used instead of the compound represented by formula (7). Using the charge transport layer coating solution used at this time, the transmittance of the film with respect to light of 427 nm was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, it was 99.0%.
- Each of the obtained photoreceptors A to F was attached to a photoreceptor characteristic evaluation apparatus (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and electrical characteristics were evaluated by a cycle of charging, exposure, potential measurement, and static elimination. .
- Each photoconductor was attached to an aluminum drum having an outer diameter of 80 mm, the aluminum drum and the aluminum vapor deposition layer of the photoconductor were electrically connected, and the photoconductor was rotated at a constant rotational speed of 30 rpm.
- the photoconductor In an environment with a temperature of 25 ° C and a humidity of 50%, the photoconductor is charged so that the initial surface potential is 700 V.
- a halogen lamp is used as a monochromatic light of 427 nm with an interference filter.
- the exposure amount (hereinafter sometimes referred to as sensitivity) at which the surface potential was -350 V and the surface potential (hereinafter referred to as VL) when exposed at a light amount of 1.11 / jZcm 2 were obtained.
- Vr The residual potential after irradiation with static elimination light
- Sensitivity is the amount of exposure necessary for the surface potential to reach the initial potential of 1Z2, and the smaller the value, the higher the sensitivity.
- VL and Vr are potentials after exposure, and smaller values are superior in electrical characteristics. The results are shown in Table 2 below. Table 2
- the photoconductors of Examples 1 to 4 were favorable photoconductors with good balance of sensitivity, VL, and Vr as compared with the photoconductors of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Table 3 shows the initial surface potential and the amount of change in electrical characteristics before and after VL white fluorescent lamp irradiation.
- a photoconductor with a small amount of change shows a smaller change in characteristics even when exposed to strong light. As a result, the photoconductor has excellent strong light resistance.
- the photoconductor of Example 3 was stronger than the photoconductor of Comparative Example 3, and had excellent strong light resistance with a small amount of potential change even after exposure to light.
- the photoreceptor having the photosensitive layer containing the compound represented by the formula (7) has a good balance of electrical characteristics represented by sensitivity, VL, and Vr, and is exposed to strong light. Even if it was, it was difficult to deteriorate. [0099]
- the coating solution using the compound represented by the formula (7) has excellent storage stability even when the number of used parts of the compound represented by the formula (7) is increased. It was a liquid.
- a photoconductor A2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that instead of the charge generation layer coating solution used in Example 1, a charge generation layer coating solution prepared by the following method was used.
- Example 5 a charge generation material of the following formula (1T) synthesized by the method described in JP-A-59-113446 was used. In the same manner as in Example 5, a photoreceptor B2 was obtained.
- Example 5 a charge generating material of the following formula (3T) synthesized by the method described in JP-A-59-139045 was used. In the same manner as in Example 5, a photoconductor D2 was obtained.
- Example 5 instead of the compound represented by the formula (6) used in Example 5, a charge generation material of the following formula (5T) synthesized by the method described in JP-A-3-119362 was used. In the same manner as in Example 5, a photoreceptor F2 was obtained.
- 5T charge generation material of the following formula
- Example 5 a charge generation material of the following formula (6T) synthesized by the method described in JP-A-57-195767 was used. In the same manner as in Example 5, a photoconductor G2 was obtained.
- a photoconductor H2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that a charge generating material of the following formula (7T) was used instead of the compound represented by the formula (6) used in Example 5.
- a conductive support with an aluminum vapor deposition layer (thickness 700 A) formed on the surface of a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate resin film (thickness 75 ⁇ m) was used.
- the undercoat layer was formed by applying the dispersion for the undercoat layer with a bar coater so that the film thickness after drying was 1.25 m and drying.
- the dispersion for the undercoat layer was produced as follows. That is, rutile-type titanium oxide with an average primary particle size of 40 nm (“TT055N” manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.) and 3% by weight of methyldimethoxysilane (“TSL8117” manufactured by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.) And the high-speed fluid mixing
- the surface-treated titanium oxide obtained by mixing in a kneading machine (“SMG300” manufactured by Rikita Co., Ltd.) and mixing at high speed at a rotating peripheral speed of 34.5 mZ seconds was mixed with a ball mill in a mixed solvent of methanol Z1-propanol.
- polyvinyl butyral (trade name “Denkabu Thiranore” # 6000C, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), 253 parts by weight of 1,2 dimethoxyethane, and 4-methoxy-1,4- Binder liquid obtained by dissolving in 85 parts by weight of methyl-2-pentanone, and 234 parts by weight of 1,2-dimethoxyethane was mixed to prepare a charge generation layer coating solution.
- This charge generation layer coating solution was applied onto the undercoat layer with a bar coater to form a charge generation layer so that the film thickness after drying was 0.4 m.
- a charge transport layer was applied on the charge generation layer to obtain a photoreceptor 12.
- Example 14 instead of the polycarbonate resin having a repeating structure represented by the formula (8T) used in Example 14, a polycarbonate having a viscosity average molecular weight of 20,000 represented by the following formula (9T) A photoconductor K2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the resin was used.
- Example 14 instead of the polycarbonate resin having the repeating structure represented by the formula (8T) used in Example 14, a polycarbonate having a viscosity average molecular weight of 39,200 represented by the following formula (10T) A photoconductor L2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the resin was used.
- Example 14 instead of the polycarbonate resin having a repeating structure represented by the formula (8T) used in Example 14, a polycarbonate having a viscosity average molecular weight of 38,800 represented by the following formula (11T) A photoconductor M2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the resin was used.
- Example 19 instead of the polycarbonate resin having a repeating structure represented by the formula (8T) used in Example 14, a polycarbonate having a viscosity average molecular weight of 39,000 represented by the following formula (12T) A photoconductor N2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the resin was used. [0123] Example 19
- Example 14 instead of the polycarbonate resin having a repeating structure represented by the formula (8T) used in Example 14, a polyarylate having a viscosity average molecular weight of 41,000 represented by the following formula (13T) A photoconductor 02 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the resin was used.
- the polyarylate resin represented by the formula (13T) was produced as follows.
- reaction layer 1 392 L of demineralized water, 40.58 kg of 25% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and 23,1 kg of 1,1-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenol) ethane were mixed and stirred. After the aqueous solution was prepared, 0.2552 kg of benzyltriethylammonium chloride and 0.625 kg of 2,3,5 trimethylphenol were sequentially added, and 1,1-bis (4 hydroxy-3-methylphenol) ethane was added. A solution of was prepared.
- the dichloromethane solution in reaction vessel 2 was charged into reaction vessel 1 over 1 hour while maintaining the external temperature of reaction vessel 1 at 20 ° C and stirring. Stirring of reactor 1 was continued for 4 hours, 468 kg of dichloromethane was added, and stirring was further continued for 8 hours. Thereafter, 3.86 kg of acetic acid was added and stirred for 30 minutes, and then stirring was stopped and the organic layer was separated.
- This organic layer was washed with 424 L of a 0.1N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to separate the organic layer, and then the organic layer was centrifuged to remove water remaining in the organic phase. Again, the obtained organic layer was washed with 424 L of 0.1N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and after separating the organic layer, the organic layer was centrifuged to remove water remaining in the organic phase. . Furthermore, this organic layer is washed 4 times with 424 L of 0.1N hydrochloric acid, and further washed twice with 424 L of demineralized water, and then the separated organic layer is centrifuged! ⁇ Remain in the organic layer! / Removed spilled water. Take out the resin dissolved in the organic phase with a hot water granulator, filter and dry it (13T 41.7 kg of polyarylate succinate represented by
- Example 1 a compound represented by the following formula (15T) was used instead of the charge transport material represented by the formula (7) used in the same manner as in Example 1 in the text. Obtain photoconductor Q2.
- An electrophotographic characteristic evaluation apparatus (basic electrophotographic technology) produced from the photoconductors A2 to Q2 obtained above and the photoconductor A obtained in Example 1 in accordance with an electrophotographic society measurement standard. And application, edited by Electrophotographic Society, Corona, pages 404 to 405), and the electrical characteristics were evaluated by cycles of charging, exposure, potential measurement, and static elimination.
- Each photoconductor was affixed to an aluminum drum with an outer diameter of 80 mm.
- the aluminum vapor deposition layer of the photoreceptor was electrically connected and rotated at a constant rotation speed of 30 rpm.
- the photoconductor is charged so that the initial surface potential is 700 V, and the exposure is performed using a halogen lamp light converted to 400 nm monochromatic light with an interference filter.
- the exposure dose (hereinafter sometimes referred to as sensitivity) at a potential of 350 V and the surface potential (hereinafter referred to as VL) when exposed at 1.0 jZcm 2 were obtained.
- the exposure power As for the exposure power, the time until the potential measurement was 389 milliseconds. 75 lux white light was used as the static elimination light, and the exposure width was 5 mm. Residual potential (hereinafter referred to as Vr) after irradiation with static elimination light was measured.
- Vr Residual potential
- Sensitivity is the amount of exposure necessary for the surface potential to reach the initial potential of 1Z2, and the smaller the value, the higher the sensitivity.
- VL is a potential after exposure
- Vr is a potential after neutralizing light irradiation. The smaller the value, the better the electrical characteristics.
- Table 5 The results of changing the compound represented by formula (1) using the same azo compound are shown in Table 5 below, and the same compound as represented by formula (1) is used to change the charge generation material. The results are shown in Table 6 below, and the results of changing the binder resin used in the photosensitive layer are shown in Table 7 below.
- an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a compound represented by the formula (1) according to the present invention in a photosensitive layer and using the compound as a charge transport material is particularly 400 nm.
- the sensitivity was higher than that of an electrophotographic photoreceptor using a conventionally known charge transport material.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor using the compound represented by the formula (1) according to the present invention for the photosensitive layer is various azo compounds, phthalocyanine, particularly when exposed to monochromatic light of 400 nm.
- the compound By using the compound as a charge generating material, it has become a component to show high sensitivity.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member containing the compound represented by the formula (1) and the azo compound according to the present invention in the light-sensitive layer is particularly at the time of exposure with monochromatic light of 400 nm. Even when bound with various binder resins, it showed high sensitivity. In particular, when a binder resin having a cyclohexylidene group was used, high sensitivity was obtained.
- Example 20 A photoconductor R 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the oxytitanium phthalocyanine used in Example 13 was used instead of the compound represented by the formula (6) used in Example 5. .
- Photosensitive body S2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the charge generation layer coating solution obtained by mixing 10 parts of the solution was used.
- An electrophotographic characteristic evaluation device made from each of the obtained photoreceptors R2 and S2 in accordance with the electrophotographic society measurement standard (basic and applied electrophotographic technology, edited by the Electrophotographic Society, Corona, pages 404-405) And electrical characteristics were evaluated by charging, exposure, potential measurement, and static elimination cycles.
- Each photoconductor was attached to an aluminum drum having an outer diameter of 80 mm, the aluminum drum and the aluminum vapor deposition layer of the photoconductor were electrically connected, and the photoconductor was rotated at a constant rotational speed of 30 rpm.
- the photoconductor In an environment with a temperature of 25 ° C and humidity of 50%, the photoconductor is charged so that the initial surface potential is 700 V, and the exposure after which the surface potential after exposure is -350 V (hereinafter sometimes referred to as sensitivity) Asked.
- Sensitivity is the amount of exposure necessary for the surface potential to reach the initial potential of 1Z2. The smaller the value, the higher the sensitivity.
- Example 20 R 2 0. 250 0. 423 69
- the sensitivity is high, the residual potential is low, the charging property is high, and the fluctuation of their electrical properties due to exposure to strong light is small. It is possible to provide a photoconductor having good durability and excellent durability.
- the coating solution for forming the coating used for forming the photosensitive layer is excellent in stability, and the sensitivity in the region of 380 to 500 nm is high.
- the high-performance image forming apparatus used can be provided.
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06702140.2A EP1837707B1 (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2006-01-05 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image-forming apparatus |
CN2006800018441A CN101099115B (zh) | 2005-01-05 | 2006-01-05 | 电子照相感光体及图像形成装置 |
US11/794,724 US8288066B2 (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2006-01-05 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image-forming apparatus |
US12/857,271 US8609309B2 (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2010-08-16 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image-forming apparatus |
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JP2005000991 | 2005-01-05 | ||
JP2005-000991 | 2005-01-05 |
Related Child Applications (2)
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US11/794,724 A-371-Of-International US8288066B2 (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2006-01-05 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image-forming apparatus |
US12/857,271 Division US8609309B2 (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2010-08-16 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image-forming apparatus |
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WO2006073160A1 true WO2006073160A1 (ja) | 2006-07-13 |
WO2006073160A8 WO2006073160A8 (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
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PCT/JP2006/300045 WO2006073160A1 (ja) | 2005-01-05 | 2006-01-05 | 電子写真感光体及び画像形成装置 |
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US (2) | US8288066B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1837707B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4655940B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101032585B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101099115B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006073160A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010008910A (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-14 | Sharp Corp | 電子写真感光体およびそれを備えた画像形成装置 |
WO2012163931A1 (de) | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-06 | Basf Se | Wässrige lösung, enthaltend acrylsäure und deren konjugierte base |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP4847251B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-10 | 2011-12-28 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
JP2008139854A (ja) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-06-19 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 電子写真感光体及び画像形成装置 |
JP5460957B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-20 | 2014-04-02 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 電子写真感光体 |
KR20090107046A (ko) * | 2007-02-07 | 2009-10-12 | 미쓰비시 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 전자 사진 감광체용 도포액, 전자 사진 감광체, 전자 사진 감광체 카트리지 |
CN102937780A (zh) * | 2007-06-11 | 2013-02-20 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 电子照相感光体、电子照相感光体盒及图像形成装置 |
JP5040714B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-19 | 2012-10-03 | コニカミノルタビジネステクノロジーズ株式会社 | 電子写真感光体、画像形成装置およびプロセスカートリッジ |
JP5151546B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-27 | 2013-02-27 | コニカミノルタビジネステクノロジーズ株式会社 | 電子写真用感光体 |
JP5565504B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-25 | 2014-08-06 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体カートリッジ及び画像形成装置 |
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2006
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- 2006-01-05 US US11/794,724 patent/US8288066B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-01-05 CN CN2006800018441A patent/CN101099115B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-01-05 EP EP06702140.2A patent/EP1837707B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-01-05 KR KR1020077015188A patent/KR101032585B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-01-05 WO PCT/JP2006/300045 patent/WO2006073160A1/ja active Application Filing
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2010
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JP2010008910A (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-14 | Sharp Corp | 電子写真感光体およびそれを備えた画像形成装置 |
WO2012163931A1 (de) | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-06 | Basf Se | Wässrige lösung, enthaltend acrylsäure und deren konjugierte base |
US9150483B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2015-10-06 | Basf Se | Aqueous solution comprising acrylic acid and the conjugate base thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8288066B2 (en) | 2012-10-16 |
KR101032585B1 (ko) | 2011-05-06 |
JP4655940B2 (ja) | 2011-03-23 |
US20080193867A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
US8609309B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 |
EP1837707A4 (en) | 2009-12-16 |
JP2006215539A (ja) | 2006-08-17 |
KR20070100265A (ko) | 2007-10-10 |
EP1837707B1 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
CN101099115B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
CN101099115A (zh) | 2008-01-02 |
EP1837707A1 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
US20110033792A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
WO2006073160A8 (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
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