WO2005057594A1 - ナノコンポジット磁石、ナノコンポジット磁石用急冷合金、およびこれらの製造方法ならびに判別方法 - Google Patents
ナノコンポジット磁石、ナノコンポジット磁石用急冷合金、およびこれらの製造方法ならびに判別方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0611—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by a single casting wheel, e.g. for casting amorphous metal strips or wires
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0579—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B with exchange spin coupling between hard and soft nanophases, e.g. nanocomposite spring magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/058—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IVa elements, e.g. Gd2Fe14C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nanocomposite magnet containing a minute hard magnetic phase and a soft magnetic phase, and these phases are magnetically coupled.
- the permanent magnets used in these devices it is required to maximize the performance-to-weight ratio of the magnetic circuit as a whole, for example, when the residual magnetic flux density B is 0.5 T (tesla) or more. It is required to use permanent magnets.
- the residual magnetic flux density B cannot be increased to 0.5 T or more with conventional relatively inexpensive hard ferrite magnets.
- the Sm-Co-based magnet has a disadvantage that the magnet price is high since both Sm and Co as raw materials are expensive.
- Nd-Fe-B-based quenched magnets manufactured by the liquid quenching method can be obtained by a relatively simple process such as an alloy melting process ⁇ a quenching process of a molten alloy ⁇ a heat treatment process.
- the process cost is lower than that of the Nd—Fe—B magnet based on the method.
- the filling ratio (volume ratio) of the magnet powder is at most about 80%.
- the quenched alloy produced by the liquid quenching method is magnetically isotropic.
- the Nd—Fe—B-based quenched magnet manufactured using the liquid quenching method has a smaller Bd-based magnet than the anisotropic Nd—Fe—B-based sintered magnet manufactured by the powder metallurgy method. Is low.
- the molten metal is supplied to a cooling roll through a nozzle in order to increase the quenching speed of the molten metal.
- the melt-spun method of spraying is used.
- the rare-earth element concentration is relatively low, the composition has a composition close to that of NdFeB (atomic%), and the main phase is FeB-type compound.
- Non-Patent Document 1 This permanent magnet material is made of soft magnetic Fe B by subjecting an amorphous alloy made by the liquid quenching method to crystallization heat treatment.
- nanocomposite magnet It has a fixed structure and is called a “nanocomposite magnet”. It has been reported that such a nanocomposite magnet has a high residual magnetic flux density B of 1 T or more, but its coercive force H is relatively low at 160 kAZm-240 kAZm. Therefore, this permanent magnet cj
- La having excellent amorphous forming ability is added to a raw material alloy, and a molten solid of the raw material alloy is quenched to produce a rapidly solidified alloy having an amorphous phase as a main phase. Precipitate and grow both Fe B phase and a Fe phase
- Non-Patent Document 2 A technique for reducing the size to about several tens of nm has been reported (Non-Patent Document 2). This paper shows that the addition of a small amount of refractory metal elements such as Ti (2 at%) improves magnet properties, and that the composition ratio of Nd, a rare earth element, is increased to 11.0 &% from 9.5 at%.
- the high melting point metal curd suppresses the formation of borides (R Fe B and Fe B) and increases the Nd Fe B phase and
- This quenched alloy for nanocomposite magnets is produced by a melt-spun method in which a molten alloy is sprayed onto the surface of a cooling roll rotating at high speed using a nozzle. In the case of using the melt spinning method, an extremely fast cooling rate can be obtained, and thus it is suitable for producing an amorphous quenched alloy.
- Patent Documents 9 and 10 disclose a number of elements (Al, Si ⁇ V, Cr, Mn, Ga, Zr, Mb, Mo, Ag, Hf, Ta, W) that can be added to a nanocomposite magnet. , Pt, Au, Pb) Patent Document 1: JP-A-59-46008
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-60-9852
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-1-7502
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-3-261104
- Patent Document 5 Patent No. 2727505
- Patent Document 6 Patent No. 2727506
- Patent Document 7 International Publication WO003Z03403
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-175908
- Patent Document 9 JP-A-2002-285301
- Patent Document 10 Patent No. 3297676
- Non-Patent Document 1 R. Coehoorn et al., J. de Phys, C8.1988, 669—pp. 670.
- Non-Patent Document 2 W.C.Chan, et.al. "THE EFFECTS OF REFRACTORY METALS ON THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF a—Fe / R2Fel4B-TYPE
- the precipitation and coarsening of ⁇ -Fe are suppressed during the quenching process of the molten alloy due to the effect of Ti-added mash, resulting in improved magnet properties. I do.
- the cooling path in the quenching process of the molten alloy changes, the characteristics of the finally obtained nanocomposite magnet will fluctuate, so it is necessary to stably supply nanocomposite magnets with excellent magnet characteristics at the mass production level. It is still difficult.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a main object thereof is to provide a nanocomposite magnet that stably exhibits excellent magnet characteristics.
- the nanocomposite magnet of the present invention has a composition formula of R Q M (Fe T) (R is one or more
- Q is one or more elements selected with B and C force and group force
- M is Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag , Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, and Pb group force selected at least one metal element that always contains Ti
- T is a group force composed of Co and Ni selected one element more elements
- the soft magnetic phase mainly comprises an ⁇ -Fe phase and a crystal phase having a Curie point of 610 ° C or more and 700 ° C or less.
- 6 ⁇ x ⁇ 8 atomic%, and the Curie point of the crystalline phase contained in the soft magnetic phase is 610 ° C. or more and 650 ° C. or less.
- the composition ratio of Ti is in the range of 0.25 atomic% or more and 6 atomic% or less.
- the content of the crystalline phase contained in the soft magnetic phase is Fe.
- the average particle diameter of the R Fe B type compound phase is not less than lOnm.
- the average particle size at the grain boundary of the R Fe B type compound phase is lnm or more and 10 ⁇ .
- the quenched alloy for a nanocomposite magnet of the present invention has a composition formula of R Q M (Fe T) (R is 1
- X yz 1 mm bal or more rare earth elements Q is B and C force group force
- M is Al, Si ⁇ Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga
- the group force consisting of Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au and Pb is also at least one selected metal element and must always contain Ti.
- T is the group force consisting of Co and N.
- one or more elements selected) are represented by the composition ratio x, y, z, and m, respectively, 6 ⁇ x ⁇ 10 atomic 0/0, 10 ⁇ y ⁇ 17 atomic%, 0 Satisfies 5 ⁇ z ⁇ 6 atomic%, and 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.5, R Fe B type compound, a—Fe
- It contains a phase and a crystalline phase with a Curie point of 610 ° C or more and 700 ° C or less.
- 6 ⁇ x ⁇ 8 atomic%, and the Curie point of the crystalline phase contained in the soft magnetic phase is 610 ° C. or more and 650 ° C. or less.
- composition formula is R Q M (Fe
- R is at least one rare earth element
- Q is B and C force.
- the above element, M also selects a group force consisting of Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au and Pb
- T is a group force that also includes Co and N
- Arsenide are expressed in mole fractions x, y, z, and m, respectively, 6 ⁇ X ⁇ 8 atomic%, 10 ⁇ Y ⁇ 17 atom 0/0, 0.
- composition formula is R Q M (Fe
- R is at least one rare earth element
- Q is B and C force.
- the above element, M also selects a group force consisting of Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au and Pb And at least one selected metal element, which is a metal element that always contains Ti, and T is a group power that also includes Co and N.
- One or more selected elements), and the composition ratio x, y, z, and m are, respectively, 8 ⁇ x ⁇ 10 atomic%, 10 ⁇ Y ⁇ 17 atom 0/0, 0. 5 ⁇ Z ⁇ 6 atom 0/0, and 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.
- the surface temperature of the alloy is 900 ° C. Adjust the cooling rate when cooling from C to 700 ° C to 2.2 X 10 Zs or more and 4.5 X 10 5 KZs or less.
- in the rapid cooling step is adjusted to the cooling rate 4.
- Te Contact! ⁇ favored ⁇ embodiment the rapid cooling step, the crystalline phase contained in the rapidly solidified alloy is performed so that more than 50 volume 0/0 of the total.
- the method for producing a nanocomposite magnet according to the present invention includes a step of preparing a quenched alloy produced by any of the above-described methods for producing a quenched alloy for a nanocomposite magnet, and a heat treatment on the quenched alloy.
- composition formula is R Q M (Fe T) (R
- X yz 1-mm bal is one or more rare earth elements
- Q is B and C force group power
- M is Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Pt
- Au and Pb are also represented by at least one selected metal element and a metal element which always includes Ti, and T is represented by Co and N, which is one or more selected elements.
- mole fractions x, y, z, and m respectively, 6 ⁇ x ⁇ 10 atomic%, 10 ⁇ Y ⁇ 17 atomic 0/0, 0. 5 ⁇ z ⁇ 6 atomic%, and 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0. 5
- the Curie point of the crystal phase contained in the soft magnetic phase is 610 ° C. or more and 650 ° C. or less.
- the determination includes a step of performing a thermogravimetric measurement on the quenched alloy for a nanocomposite magnet.
- the nanocomposite magnet of the present invention has a composition formula of R Q M (Fe T) (R is
- Q is one or more elements selected with B and C force and group force
- M is Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag , Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, and Pb group force selected at least one metal element that always contains Ti
- T is a group force composed of Co and Ni selected one element more elements
- the soft magnetic phase mainly contains an ⁇ -Fe phase and an Fe B phase.
- Another quenched alloy for a nanocomposite magnet according to the present invention has a composition formula of R Q M (Fe T).
- M is Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Hf, Ta, W
- Pt, Au, and Pb are at least one selected metal element, which is a metal element that always contains Ti, T is Co and N, a group element selected at least one selected element.
- x, y, z, and m are 6 ⁇ x ⁇ 10 at%, 10 ⁇ y ⁇ 17 at%, 0.5 ⁇ z ⁇ 6 at%, and 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0, respectively. Satisfies 5, R Fe B type compound,
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a method of measuring thermogravimetry in a magnetic field.
- FIG. 2 (a) is a graph showing an example of the result of thermogravimetry in a magnetic field, and (b) is a graph showing a second derivative Y "of the curve of (a).
- FIG. 3 (a) is a graph showing the weight change curve in a magnetic field before heat treatment of a quenched alloy produced by changing the peripheral speed Vs of the chill roll in the range of 3-20 mZs, and (b) is a graph showing the heat treatment. It is a graph which shows the weight change curve in a magnetic field calculated
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a weight change curve of a quenched alloy obtained when the peripheral velocity Vs is 7 mZs, 13 mZs, and 15 mZs.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a curve obtained by performing twice differentiation on the weight change curve of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 6 (a) is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a melt-spun device used in the present invention
- FIG. 6 (b) is an enlarged view of a portion where rapid solidification is performed.
- Atmospheric pressure is 1.3kPa
- roll peripheral speed Vs is 5mZs, 7m / s, 10m / s, 13m
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the quenching route in a region where the alloy surface temperature rapidly decreases in more detail.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing a cooling path when a molten alloy is rapidly cooled at a peripheral velocity of Vs 13 mZs in an Ar atmosphere of 1.3 kPa.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing quenching routes of an example of the present invention and a comparative example.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing a second derivative curve of thermogravimetric curves of Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the maximum energy products (BH) of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing a second derivative curve of a thermogravimetric curve according to another example of the present invention. Explanation of symbols
- composition ratio of the rare earth element R represented by Nd is lower than 10at% of the whole.
- composition ratio of B (boron) is 10at% or more.
- the precipitation-growth of ⁇ -Fe in the quenched alloy produced by quenching the molten alloy can be suppressed, and the volume ratio of the RFeB-type compound can be increased. like this
- R Fe B-type compounds are preferentially precipitated and quenched during the quenching process.
- a metallographic structure in which fine iron-based borides are present at the grain boundaries of the 2 14 type compound is realized.
- the properties of the nanocomposite magnet vary depending on the magnetic properties and size of the iron-based boride.
- the microstructure of the finally obtained nanocomposite magnet strongly depends on the microstructure of the quenched alloy before the heat treatment, and the microstructure changes greatly depending on the quenching condition of the molten alloy. Therefore, in order to stably mass-produce nanocomposite magnets with excellent magnet properties, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the quenching condition of the molten alloy and the microstructure of the quenched alloy. It has not been clarified.
- the present inventor has found that by limiting the composition of the raw material alloy to a specific range and optimizing the quenching condition of the molten alloy, a newly known and powerful nanocomposite magnet structure has been obtained. The inventors have found that the present invention can be obtained, and have arrived at the present invention.
- R is one or more rare earth elements
- Q is a group force of B and C forces
- M is Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr , Nb, Mo, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, and Pb are at least one selected metal element, which must contain Ti
- T is the group force of Co and N.
- Ri least one element der that is, the composition ratio x, y, z, and m, respectively, 6 ⁇ x ⁇ 10 atomic 0/0, 10 ⁇ y ⁇ 17 atomic%, 0. 5 ⁇ z ⁇ 6 Atomic%, and 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.5.
- La or Ce is present as the rare earth element R, the coercive force and the squareness deteriorate, so that it is preferable that La and Ce are not substantially contained.
- R preferably contains Pr or Nd as an essential element, and some of the essential elements may be replaced with Dy and Z or Tb. If the composition ratio X of R is less than 6 atomic% of the total, the compound phase having the R Fe B type crystal structure required for the development of coercive force is not sufficiently precipitated.
- the lower limit of the composition ratio X of the rare earth element R is 6
- the metal element M which can be added together with Ti is selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, V, Cr, M n, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au and a group force consisting of Pb force are arbitrarily selected.
- composition ratio z of the metal M that always contains Ti is less than 0.5 atomic%, the effect of adding Ti cannot be obtained, so the composition ratio z needs to be 0.5 atomic% or more. is there. Conversely, if the amount of added metal element M is too large, an oxide film is formed when a molten metal of the raw material alloy is produced, and it becomes difficult to melt the alloy. Magnetic phase
- composition ratio z should be 6 atomic% or less, because of the disadvantage that the magnetic properties decrease and the disadvantage that a coarse boride phase is formed in the final nano-composite magnet and the magnetic properties decrease. Is preferred. Ti must be contained at least 0.25 atomic% of the entire alloy, and preferably accounts for 50% or more of the metal M in atomic ratio.
- the range of m is set to 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.5.
- a molten alloy having the above composition is quenched and solidified by a liquid quenching device to produce a quenched alloy.
- This quenching step can be performed by using a known liquid quenching device such as a melt spinning device or a strip casting device.
- the molten alloy is sprayed onto the surface of a cooling roll through a nozzle. Since the cooling roll is rotating at a predetermined peripheral speed Vs in a reduced-pressure atmosphere, the molten alloy sprayed on the surface of the cooling roll has a surface force of the cooling roll, and the direction of the peripheral speed Vs while removing heat. Move to the cooling roll surface force away.
- the alloy melt separated by the surface force of the cooling roll is subjected to secondary cooling in the atmosphere, and is recovered in a state of extending in a ribbon shape.
- the molten alloy contacts the surface of the cooling roll through a tubular flow path.
- the surface of the molten alloy immediately before being brought into contact with the cooling roll is, for example, about 1250-1650 ° C.
- the alloy melt in such a high temperature state rapidly contacts the surface of the chill roll for a short period of time (for example, about 0.5 to 1.5 milliseconds) until the surface force is released again.
- the fine crystal phase and its precursors begin to appear in the alloy.
- the surface temperature of the alloy is 900 ° regulate the cooling rate 2. 2 X 10 5 KZs or 4. under 5 X 10 5 KZs than when drops from C to 700 ° C.
- the range of the composition ratio X of R satisfies 8 ⁇ x ⁇ 10 atomic percent relationship regulates the cooling rate 2. 2 X 10 5 KZS or 2. below 8 X 10 5 KZs.
- the quenched alloy contains R Fe B type compound during the quenching process.
- ⁇ phase A known nanocomposite magnet structure, which has been known until now, may be referred to as “ ⁇ phase”.
- This ⁇ phase is estimated by the present inventors to be a Fe B-type compound phase (stable phase).
- the finally obtained nanocomposite magnet contains iron-based boride as Nd Fe B phase, Fe B phase, and
- the quenched alloy is formed under the condition that the above-mentioned ⁇ phase is mainly formed instead of the iron-based boride phase (metastable phase) which has been pointed out as described above. It was proved that a particularly excellent nanocomposite magnet could be obtained when the was manufactured.
- thermogravimetry in a magnetic field will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a method of measuring thermogravimetry in a magnetic field.
- a sample sample
- the weight of the sample is measured. Measure. If a ferromagnetic material is present in the sample, it will be magnetized by the magnetic field and receive a downward magnetic force. For this reason, when the weight of the sample is measured, a weight value larger than the actual sample weight is measured. If the weight of the sample is measured while heating the sample, the temperature (single point) at which the constituent phase of the sample undergoes a phase transition to a ferromagnetic force paramagnetic material as the temperature rises can be detected. Therefore, when the rate of change in weight of the sample with respect to the temperature change is determined, the Curie point of the constituent phase contained in the sample can be measured, and the constituent phase can be identified from the Curie point value.
- FIG. 2 (a) is a graph showing an example of the result of thermogravimetry in a magnetic field.
- the vertical axis indicates the measured weight, and the horizontal axis indicates the temperature.
- FIG. 2 (b) shows the second derivative Y ⁇ of the curve of FIG. 2 (a).
- thermogravimetry in a magnetic field When the thermogravimetry in a magnetic field is performed on the quenched alloy of the present invention, it is about 310 ° C. and about 630. C and a Curie point of about 740 ° C are observed.
- the phase exhibiting a Curie point at about 310 ° C is the NdFeB phase, and the phase exhibiting the Curie point at about 740 ° C is ⁇ -Fe.
- 630 ° C (
- phase ( ⁇ phase) showing the Curie point of 610-650 ° C) is considered to be Fe B as described above.
- the Curie point of Fe B alone is about 740 ° C.
- FIG. 3 (a) shows weight change curves in a magnetic field measured for various quenched alloys manufactured by changing the peripheral speed Vs of the cooling roll in the range of 3 to 20 mZs.
- Figure 3 (b) shows the weight change curve in a magnetic field of the nanocomposite magnet obtained by subjecting these quenched alloys to crystallization heat treatment (700 ° C for 5 minutes).
- the vertical axis of the graph in FIG. 3 is the measured weight (Normalized Sample Weight), and the horizontal axis is the sample temperature (Sample
- Fig. 4 shows a more enlarged weight change curve of the quenched alloy obtained when the peripheral speed Vs is 7mZs, 13m / s, and 15mZs.
- the profile of the thermogravimetric curve in the magnetic field changes significantly only when the roll peripheral speed Vs changes from 13 mZs to 15 mZs.
- FIG. 5 shows curves obtained by performing twice differentiation on each of the above weight change curves. From the sample having a peripheral velocity Vs of 13 mZs (Example), a result indicating the presence of a phase having a Curie point ( ⁇ phase) in the range of 610 to 650 was obtained. On the other hand, from the sample having a peripheral velocity Vs of 15 mZs (Comparative Example), no result indicating the presence of the ⁇ phase was obtained, and Nd Fe B
- the quenched alloy for nanocomposite magnets of the present invention is characterized in that, from the stage of the quenched alloy, the ⁇ phase of the soft magnetic phase is included in addition to the NdFeB phase of the hard magnetic phase.
- the soft magnetic phase includes Fe other than the ⁇ phase and Nd Fe B, which is another iron-based boride.
- Fe B phase may be contained, but iron-based borides include:
- the criterion for judging whether or not the force has passed through an appropriate cooling path is that the crystal phase ( ⁇ phase) having a Curie point in the range of 610 to 700 ° C (650 ° C or less depending on the alloy composition) is quenched by the alloy. It may be determined whether or not Fe is contained and almost no Fe B phase is contained.
- the illustrated melt-spun apparatus includes a raw alloy melting chamber 1 and a quenching chamber 2 capable of maintaining a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere and adjusting the pressure.
- FIG. 6 (a) is an overall configuration diagram
- FIG. 6 (b) is a partially enlarged view.
- the melting chamber 1 is provided with a melting furnace 3 for melting a raw material 20 blended to have a desired magnet alloy composition at a high temperature, and a tapping nozzle 5 at the bottom. And a compounding material supply device 8 for supplying the compounding material into the melting furnace 3 while suppressing the entry of the atmosphere.
- the hot water storage container 4 has a heating device (not shown) that stores the molten metal 21 of the raw material alloy and can maintain the temperature of the molten metal at a predetermined level.
- the quenching chamber 2 is provided with a rotary cooling roll 7 for quenching and solidifying the molten metal 21 discharged from the tapping nozzle 5.
- the atmosphere and the pressure in the melting chamber 1 and the quenching chamber 2 are controlled within a predetermined range.
- ambient gas supply ports lb, 2b, and 8b and gas exhaust ports la, 2a, and 8a are provided at appropriate places in the apparatus.
- the gas exhaust port 2a is connected to a pump in order to control the absolute pressure in the quenching chamber 2 within a range of 13 kPa—normal pressure (atmospheric pressure).
- the melting furnace 3 can be tilted, and the molten metal 21 is appropriately poured into the hot water storage container 4 via the funnel 6.
- the molten metal 21 is heated in the hot water storage container 4 by a heating device (not shown).
- the tapping nozzle 5 of the hot water storage container 4 is disposed on a partition wall between the melting chamber 1 and the quenching chamber 2, and The molten metal 21 in the inside flows down to the surface of the cooling roll 7 located below.
- the orifice diameter of tapping nozzle 5 is, for example, 0.5-2. Omm.
- the quenching chamber 2 is maintained at a pressure lower than that of the melting chamber 1, so that the melting chamber 1 and the quenching chamber 2 are kept. And a pressure difference is formed between them, and the molten metal 21 is smoothly discharged.
- Cooling roll 7 is preferably formed from Cu, Fe, or an alloy containing Cu or Fe! / ⁇ .
- a cooling roll is made of a material other than Cu or Fe, the exfoliation of the quenched alloy from the cooling roll becomes poor, and the quenched alloy may be wound around the roll, which is not preferable.
- the diameter of the cooling port 7 is, for example, 300-500 mm.
- the water cooling capacity of the water cooling device provided in the cooling roll 7 is calculated and adjusted according to the latent heat of solidification and the amount of hot water per unit time.
- the quenching device shown in FIG. 6 has a composition of Nd Pr Fe B Ti
- the molten alloy was quenched to produce a ribbon-shaped quenched alloy having a thickness of 50 to 130 m.
- the tapping pressure was set at 30kPa, and the tapping temperature (molten surface temperature) was set at 1400 ° C.
- the temperature of the alloy melt was measured by infrared thermal imaging.
- the quenching conditions were controlled by adjusting the atmosphere (argon: Ar) pressure in the quenching chamber and the rotation speed Vs of the cooling roll. Specifically, the circumferential speed Vs of the cooling roll was changed in the range of 5 to 20 mZs under the atmospheric pressure of 1.3 kPa, 33 kPa, and 62 kPa.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the quenching path when the roll peripheral speed Vs is 5 mZs, 7 mZs, 10 mZs, 13 mZs, and 15 mZs when the Ar atmosphere pressure is 1.3 kPa.
- the vertical axis of the graph is the alloy surface temperature measured by infrared thermal imaging, and the horizontal axis is the elapsed time from tapping.
- the time during which the molten alloy and the chill roll are in contact is on the order of 0.001 ls after tapping, and during the contact period, the surface temperature of the alloy decreases rapidly to 700 ° C or less.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the quenching path in a region where the alloy surface temperature rapidly decreases in more detail. It is. The only difference between this graph and the graph of FIG. 7 is the scan line on the horizontal axis (time). As is clear from Fig. 7, the cooling rate (absolute value of the curve slope) during the decrease from the alloy surface of 900 ° C to 700 ° C depends on the roll peripheral speed Vs.
- FIG. 9 shows a cooling path when the molten alloy is rapidly cooled at a peripheral speed of Vsl3mZs in an Ar atmosphere of 1.3 kPa.
- a paddle is formed on the rotating cooling roll, and from the paddle, the molten alloy moves on the roll, and the roll surface force peels off.
- each stage in the rapid cooling process is associated with a cooling path.
- the period during which the temperature of the molten alloy falls from 1300 ° C to 900 ° C corresponds approximately to the period during which the molten alloy is drawn from the paddle, and the period during which the temperature of the molten alloy falls from 900 ° C to 700 ° C is on the roll. Almost corresponds to the period of time.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing quenching routes of the example of the present invention and the comparative example.
- Samples 13 are examples of the present invention, and the cooling rate when the surface temperature of the alloy decreases from 900 ° C to 700 ° C is 2.2 X 10 Zs or more 2.8 X 10 5 KZs It was within the following range, and specifically, it was as follows.
- the cooling rate when the surface temperature of the alloy of Samples 13 to 13 dropped from 1300 ° C. to 900 ° C. was 4.OX 10 5 KZs or more in each case as follows.
- Sample 4 is a comparative example, and the cooling rate when the surface temperature of the alloy decreases from 900 ° C. to 700 ° C. is about 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 KZs. When the temperature drops to 1300 ° C and 900 ° C, the cooling rate is about 4.5 ⁇ 10 5 KZs.
- thermogravimetry in a magnetic field was performed on the quenched alloy produced through various quenching steps.
- the result shown in FIG. 11 was obtained.
- the graph in Fig. 11 shows the rapid cooling rate obtained when the Ar ambient pressure is 1.3 kPa and the roll peripheral speed changes in the range of 3-20 mZs. This is a second derivative curve obtained for gold.
- the case where the roll peripheral speed is 10, 13 mZs is an example of the present invention, and the cases where the roll peripheral speed is 3, 5, 7, 15, 20 mZs are comparative examples.
- the roll peripheral speed is low, not only the ⁇ phase is generated but also FeB and FeB are generated.
- the roll peripheral speed is 15mZs and
- thermogravimetric change in a magnetic field is caused by this generation. For this reason, the force where a small peak appears in the second derivative curve does not correspond to the Curie point. Therefore, when the roll peripheral speed is too high, the formation of the ⁇ phase is not observed.
- Figure 12 shows the result.
- the maximum magnetic energy product ( ⁇ ) of the embodiment of the present invention is higher than that of the comparative example, indicating a higher value.
- a ribbon-shaped quenched alloy having a thickness of 130 m was produced.
- the quenching conditions and the magnet properties obtained are as shown in the table below. Conditions not shown in the table are the same as the conditions for Example 1.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing a second derivative curve of the thermogravimetric curve obtained for the present example.
- the Curie point of the ⁇ phase formed in the quenched alloy of this example is 650 to 700 ° C. In range.
- the reason that the Curie point is higher than the Curie point of the ⁇ phase in Example 1 is due to a difference in alloy composition.
- One of the reasons why the Curie point of the ⁇ phase in this embodiment is in the range of 650 to 700 ° C is considered to be due to the addition of Co.
- the Curie point of the ⁇ phase changes within the range of 610 ° C. to 700 ° C. depending on the alloy composition. Were excellent.
- the nanocomposite magnet and the method for producing the same of the present invention are suitably used for bonded magnets and the like. Further, the discrimination method of the present invention makes it possible to estimate the properties of the nanocomposite magnet finally obtained at the stage of the quenched alloy, and thus greatly contributes to improving the production yield in a factory.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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US10/596,371 US20070131309A1 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2004-12-06 | Nano-composite magnet, quenched alloy for nano-composite magnet, and method for producing them and method for distinguishing them |
JP2005516107A JP4600285B2 (ja) | 2003-12-10 | 2004-12-06 | ナノコンポジット磁石、ナノコンポジット磁石用急冷合金、およびこれらの製造方法ならびに判別方法 |
US12/781,093 US7988797B2 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2010-05-17 | Nano-composite magnet, quenched alloy for nano-composite magnet, and method for producing them and method for distinguishing them |
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JP2003411533 | 2003-12-10 | ||
JP2003-411533 | 2003-12-10 |
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US10/596,371 A-371-Of-International US20070131309A1 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2004-12-06 | Nano-composite magnet, quenched alloy for nano-composite magnet, and method for producing them and method for distinguishing them |
US12/781,093 Division US7988797B2 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2010-05-17 | Nano-composite magnet, quenched alloy for nano-composite magnet, and method for producing them and method for distinguishing them |
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US (2) | US20070131309A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4600285B2 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2005057594A1 (ja) |
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CN101572146B (zh) * | 2008-05-04 | 2012-01-25 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法 |
WO2010113482A1 (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-07 | 日立金属株式会社 | ナノコンポジットバルク磁石およびその製造方法 |
CN101853723B (zh) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-11-21 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种复合磁性材料及其制备方法 |
CN101882493B (zh) * | 2009-05-08 | 2015-09-09 | 包头稀土研究院 | 磁性合金材料及其制造方法以及磁制冷系统 |
JP5057111B2 (ja) | 2009-07-01 | 2012-10-24 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 希土類磁石の製造方法 |
MY165562A (en) | 2011-05-02 | 2018-04-05 | Shinetsu Chemical Co | Rare earth permanent magnets and their preparation |
WO2013103132A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-04 | 2013-07-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 希土類ナノコンポジット磁石 |
US9687037B1 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2017-06-27 | Virginia Commonwealth University | Magnetic football helmet to reduce concussion injuries |
DE102014215318A1 (de) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-02-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Anisotrop weichmagnetisches Komposit-Material mit hoher Anisotropie der Permeabilität zur Unterdrückung von Querfluss und dessen Herstellung |
JP6319808B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-17 | 2018-05-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 磁性化合物及びその製造方法 |
CN105938746B (zh) * | 2016-05-20 | 2019-06-14 | 中国计量大学 | 一种低成本无稀土纳米复合永磁材料及其制备方法 |
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JPH1197222A (ja) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-04-09 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 異方性希土類永久磁石材料及び磁石粉末 |
JP2000234137A (ja) * | 1998-12-07 | 2000-08-29 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | ナノコンポジット磁石用原料合金、その粉末および製造方法、ならびにナノコンポジット磁石粉末および磁石の製造方法 |
JP2002175908A (ja) * | 2000-05-24 | 2002-06-21 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | 複数の強磁性相を有する永久磁石およびその製造方法 |
JP2002520843A (ja) * | 1998-07-13 | 2002-07-09 | サントク アメリカ,インコーポレイティド | 高性能の、鉄−希土類−ホウ素−耐熱物−コバルトのナノ複合材料 |
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CA1316375C (en) * | 1982-08-21 | 1993-04-20 | Masato Sagawa | Magnetic materials and permanent magnets |
US4851058A (en) * | 1982-09-03 | 1989-07-25 | General Motors Corporation | High energy product rare earth-iron magnet alloys |
DE3779481T2 (de) * | 1986-04-15 | 1992-12-24 | Tdk Corp | Dauermagnet und verfahren zu seiner herstellung. |
US6302972B1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2001-10-16 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd | Nanocomposite magnet material and method for producing nanocomposite magnet |
KR100562681B1 (ko) * | 2000-05-24 | 2006-03-23 | 가부시키가이샤 네오맥스 | 복수의 강자성상을 포함하는 영구자석 및 그 제조방법 |
US6790296B2 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2004-09-14 | Neomax Co., Ltd. | Nanocomposite magnet and method for producing same |
DE60213642T2 (de) * | 2001-11-22 | 2006-12-07 | Neomax Co., Ltd. | Nanozusammensetzungsmagnet |
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2004
- 2004-12-06 US US10/596,371 patent/US20070131309A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-06 JP JP2005516107A patent/JP4600285B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-06 CN CNB2004800367104A patent/CN100541676C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-06 WO PCT/JP2004/018159 patent/WO2005057594A1/ja active Application Filing
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2010
- 2010-05-17 US US12/781,093 patent/US7988797B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
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JPH1197222A (ja) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-04-09 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 異方性希土類永久磁石材料及び磁石粉末 |
JP2002520843A (ja) * | 1998-07-13 | 2002-07-09 | サントク アメリカ,インコーポレイティド | 高性能の、鉄−希土類−ホウ素−耐熱物−コバルトのナノ複合材料 |
JP2000234137A (ja) * | 1998-12-07 | 2000-08-29 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | ナノコンポジット磁石用原料合金、その粉末および製造方法、ならびにナノコンポジット磁石粉末および磁石の製造方法 |
JP2002175908A (ja) * | 2000-05-24 | 2002-06-21 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | 複数の強磁性相を有する永久磁石およびその製造方法 |
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US20100219922A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
US20070131309A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
JP4600285B2 (ja) | 2010-12-15 |
CN100541676C (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
CN1890762A (zh) | 2007-01-03 |
US7988797B2 (en) | 2011-08-02 |
JPWO2005057594A1 (ja) | 2007-12-13 |
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