WO2005045115A1 - 炭素繊維不織布、その製造方法および用途 - Google Patents
炭素繊維不織布、その製造方法および用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005045115A1 WO2005045115A1 PCT/JP2004/016915 JP2004016915W WO2005045115A1 WO 2005045115 A1 WO2005045115 A1 WO 2005045115A1 JP 2004016915 W JP2004016915 W JP 2004016915W WO 2005045115 A1 WO2005045115 A1 WO 2005045115A1
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- nonwoven fabric
- carbon
- precursor
- fiber
- metal
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1638—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being particulate
- B01D39/1653—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being particulate of synthetic origin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2003—Glass or glassy material
- B01D39/2006—Glass or glassy material the material being particulate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2027—Metallic material
- B01D39/2031—Metallic material the material being particulate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2055—Carbonaceous material
- B01D39/2065—Carbonaceous material the material being fibrous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
- B01D39/2072—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
- D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
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- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/247—Discontinuous hollow structure or microporous structure
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
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- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
- D04H1/4242—Carbon fibres
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- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
- D04H1/4383—Composite fibres sea-island
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- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43838—Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres
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- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
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- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
- Y10T442/614—Strand or fiber material specified as having microdimensions [i.e., microfiber]
- Y10T442/624—Microfiber is carbon or carbonaceous
Definitions
- Carbon fiber non-woven fabric its production method and application
- the present invention relates to a carbon fiber nonwoven fabric, a method for producing the same, and uses thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a carbon fiber nonwoven fabric, a method for producing the same, and use of the nonwoven fabric and its crushed material as a precursor for a fuel cell electrode.
- Fuel cells mainly use electrolytes and electrodes.
- the material of the electrodes used in fuel cells often needs to be a current collector at the same time as providing a place where a cell reaction occurs in the gas electrode, so it has appropriate porosity, high mechanical strength, and high gas strength.
- it must be a good electronic conductor that is not affected by the electrolyte, and must have water repellency to remove generated water.
- a carbon material is mainly used as such an electrode constituent material, for example, a graphitized carbon fiber fabric or the like is used.
- carbon fiber woven fabrics using graphitized polyacrylonitrile as a precursor generally have a large fiber diameter of about 10 to 20 / xm, so the specific surface area of the woven fabric itself is small, and the number of catalytically active sites is very small. Further, since the water repellency is very low, it was necessary to use polytetrafluoroethylene as the water repellent material.
- woven and nonwoven fabrics made of carbon fiber are also being developed for applications such as impurity removal filters and electrode substrates for fuel cells.
- the porosity of fabrics such as carbon fiber woven fabrics and nonwoven fabrics is a major factor that governs gas and liquid permeability.Improved permeability greatly affects impurity removal filters and power generation efficiency of fuel cells .
- the conventional carbon fiber woven fabric using polyacrylonitrile as a precursor generally has a large fiber diameter of about 10 to 20 m, so that the porosity of the fabric is limited to about 50 to 80%.
- a high porosity fabric made of carbon fiber. was difficult.
- dendritic lithium recrystallizes (dendrites) on the surface of the negative electrode during discharge, and grows through charge / discharge cycles.
- This dendrite growth not only deteriorates the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery, but also in the worst case breaks through the separator (separator) that is arranged so that the positive and negative electrodes do not come into contact, and is electrically short-circuited with the positive electrode. May catch fire and destroy the battery.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-99063 proposes a secondary battery in which a carbonaceous material such as coke is used as a negative electrode and is used by doping and undoping with alkali metal ions.
- the negative electrode is obtained by mixing a powdery carbonaceous material and a binder, adding a solvent to form a paste, applying or pressing to a current collector, and then drying.
- a binder and a current collector in addition to the carbonaceous material of the negative electrode active material did not allow the weight energy density of the battery to be sufficiently high. Therefore, it has been proposed to use a carbon fiber that does not require the use of a current collector or a binder as the negative electrode because it has high conductivity itself.However, when the battery is assembled as a battery, the fibers are separated. It was pointed out that handling was extremely difficult.
- the capacitance of the electric double layer capacity is related to the specific surface area with a pore diameter of 2 nm or more.
- the capacitance of the electric double layer capacity is related to the specific surface area with a pore diameter of 2 nm or more.
- the high current density and low-temperature performance are due to the specific surface area of 2 nm or more contributing to the capacitance. Because of this, fine? Production of fibrous activated carbon with an L diameter of 2 nm or more was desired.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. HEI 8-118614 discloses that a carbonaceous raw material obtained by steam activation is further activated, or after the carbonaceous raw material is charcoal-dried. , oxidized, by further alkali activation, the method of production of the activated carbon the specific surface area of the pore diameter 2 nm or more mesopores is 1 0 0 0 m 2 Z g or more is disclosed Yes.
- the conventional fibrous activated carbon has a fiber diameter of 10 to 20 m, has a small apparent surface area, and further reduction in the fiber diameter has been desired.
- metal-carrying fibers are useful as various functional materials such as catalysts, electrode materials for batteries, filters for environmental purification, etc., are produced by various methods, and products are widely available.
- water pollution due to domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater, and air pollution due to odorous substances such as odors in living spaces and working spaces and exhaust gas from automobiles have become serious problems in recent years.
- filters for use There is a demand for the development of filters for use.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-3693858, page 2 describes a photocatalyst-fixing film having functions such as sterilization and deodorization.
- a carbon fiber member is disclosed.
- ultrafine fibers having an average fiber diameter of an ultrafine size have been developed, and attempts have been made to use this as the functional material.
- Such metal-supported microfibers have high specific surface area, low pressure loss, and have the S1 ipf 1 ow effect of gas atoms.
- it is expected to exhibit higher performance than the conventional metal-carrying micron fiber.
- Fiber-reinforced composite materials are also increasingly valued, especially as their mechanical properties, such as strength, strength and toughness, are superior to those of their individual components or other non-composite materials. It is getting. BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, a resin composition having a desired conductivity has been proposed by blending carbon such as force pump rack and carbon fineness into a resin. Among them, carbon fiber is used as a high-performance composite material filler because of its excellent properties such as high strength, high elastic modulus, high conductivity, and light weight. Its applications are not limited to conventional reinforcing fillers for improving mechanical strength, but also use conductive resin fillers for electromagnetic wave shielding materials and antistatic materials, making use of the high conductivity provided by carbon materials.
- Patent No. 2 614 1712 discloses a technique for blending carbon nanotubes into a resin
- Patent No. 3340 207 discloses a technique for forming carbon nanotubes in a resin composition. Is disclosed. However, carbon nanotubes form aggregates or are entangled in the resin, causing problems such as non-uniform conductivity, reduced mechanical properties, and reduced moldability. Was. Moreover, the high cost of carbon nanotubes has hindered its use.
- Patent No. 26401803 has a pipe shape A method is disclosed in which a gas is ejected from a gas flow path tube arranged concentrically around a spinning pitch nozzle of the above, thereby reducing the diameter of the discharged fibrous pitch. Also, on pages 1 and 2 of JP-A-2000-22727, slit-shaped gas ejection holes are provided on both sides of the pitch ejection nozzle array, and the pitches ejected from the ejection holes are brought into contact with each other. Discloses a method for reducing the diameter of a fibrous pitch.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a nonwoven fabric made of ultrafine carbon fibers, which cannot be achieved by the conventional technology.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the nonwoven fabric of the present invention.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a base material, a precursor, and a material for manufacturing a fuel cell electrode using the nonwoven fabric of the present invention.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a composite material using the nonwoven fabric of the present invention.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a metal-carrying nonwoven fabric using the above nonwoven fabric of the present invention and an air purifying film using the same.
- nonwoven fabric comprising an aggregate of carbon fibers having a fiber diameter in the range of 0.001 to 2 m.
- thermoplastic resin 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin and a group consisting of pitch, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamide, polyimide, polybenzoazole and aramide
- thermoplastic shelf from the aggregate of stabilized precursor fibers to form an aggregate of fibrous carbonized precursors.
- the present invention is attained by a fuel cell electrode base material comprising the above nonwoven fabric or a crushed product of the present invention.
- the present invention is achieved by a fuel cell electrode precursor comprising the above nonwoven fabric of the present invention in which a catalyst made of carbon powder supporting platinum or a platinum alloy is fixed with polytetrafluoroethylene as a binder.
- the present invention is attained by an electrode material comprising a crushed nonwoven fabric of the present invention.
- nonwoven fabrics of the present invention nonwoven fabrics having a fineness in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 im or 100 parts by weight of the crushed material thereof and carbon fibers constituting these nonwoven fabrics or the crushed material thereof This is achieved by a metal-supported non-woven fabric or a metal-supported crushed product comprising 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of a metal compound supported on a metal.
- Figure 1 is a photograph (magnification: 5000x) of the surface of the nonwoven fabric made of carbon fiber obtained by the operation of Example 1 taken with a scanning electron microscope (S-2400, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a cross section of a droplet when the water contact angle is measured by a droplet method.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the amount of ethylene decomposition of the trichloride of the titanium oxide-carrying filter of Example 5 and Comparative Example 3 in the evaluation of the catalyst function.
- the nonwoven fabric of the present invention comprises an aggregate of carbon fibers having a fiber diameter in the range of 0.001 to 2 m, preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1 / m, and more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 m. . If the fiber diameter of the carbon fiber is less than 0.001 m, the mechanical strength of the nonwoven fabric is weak, and handling is difficult, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it is larger than 2 m, the contact angle of water becomes smaller than 140 °. For example, when used as an electrode for a fuel cell, it is difficult to remove generated water, which is not preferable.
- LZD 30 ⁇ L / D (1)
- LZD is 50 or more, more preferably 100 or more.
- the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is preferably 1-1, OOO gZm 2 , more preferably 2-500 gZm 2 . If the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric is less than 1 gZm 2 , the mechanical strength of the nonwoven fabric is weak and handling is difficult, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it is larger than 1,000 gZm 2 , the porosity is remarkably reduced, and as a result, for example, when used as an electrode substrate for a fuel cell, the porosity of the nonwoven fabric becomes denser, and gas diffusion and the like are reduced. Absent. Further, the climatic coefficient of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is preferably 60 to 98%, more preferably 80% to 98%, and further preferably 90 to 98%.
- the porosity of the nonwoven fabric is less than 60%, gas and liquid permeability is significantly reduced, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the porosity exceeds 98%, the mechanical strength of the nonwoven fabric is significantly reduced, which is not preferable.
- the porosity referred to in the present invention is a value estimated based on mercury porosimetry, and a value calculated based on a mercury excluded volume.
- the contact angle of water of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention measured in an environment of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 65 to 70% RH is preferably 140 to 155 °. If the water contact angle is less than 140 °, it is equivalent to or less than conventional carbon fiber woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, and paper.For example, when used as an electrode for a fuel cell, generated water generated is removed. It is difficult to do so, which is not desirable.
- the more preferable range of the contact angle of water measured in an environment of 20 ° (:, humidity of 65 to 70% (RH) is 145 to; L 55 °.
- the nonwoven fabric of the present invention has a thickness of preferably 5 m to 2 cm, more preferably 5 zm to 1 mm, and further preferably 10 to 500 m. If the thickness is less than 5 m, for example, when used as an electrode material for a fuel cell, gas diffusion is easy, but the mechanical strength is very low. On the other hand, if the thickness is more than 2 cm, the mechanical strength is sufficient, but there is a problem when the gas diffusivity decreases.
- the carbon fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric of the present invention preferably do not have a branched structure, and on the other hand, are preferably porous.
- the nonwoven fabric of the present invention comprises (1) a step of forming an aggregate of precursor fibers, (2) a step of forming an aggregate of stabilized precursor fibers, and (3) a collection of a fine carbon precursor. And (4) a carbonization or graphitization step.
- a step of forming an aggregate of precursor fibers As described above, the nonwoven fabric of the present invention comprises (1) a step of forming an aggregate of precursor fibers, (2) a step of forming an aggregate of stabilized precursor fibers, and (3) a collection of a fine carbon precursor. And (4) a carbonization or graphitization step.
- thermoplastic shelf used in step (1) needs to be easily removed in step (3) after producing the stabilized precursor fiber in step (2). For this reason, by holding at a temperature of 350 ° C or more and less than 600 ° C for 5 hours in an oxygen or inert gas atmosphere, the initial weight can be reduced to 15% by weight or less, more preferably 1% by weight or less, and further preferably 5% by weight or less. It is preferable to use a thermoplastic resin that decomposes to the extent.
- thermoplastic resin polyacrylate polymers such as polyolefin, polymethacrylate, and polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyester carbonate, polysulfone, polyimide, and polyetherimide are preferably used.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. It is an aryl group or an aralkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 20 or more.
- the compound represented by the above formula (I) include a copolymer of poly-14-methylpentene-11 and poly-4-methylpentene-1 such as poly-4-methylpentene-11 and vinyl
- the copolymer include a polymer obtained by copolymerizing monomers and polyethylene.
- examples of polyethylene include homopolymers of ethylene such as high-pressure low-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, and linear low-density polyethylene.
- Examples of the Qi-olefin that is copolymerized with ethylene include propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
- Examples of other vinyl monomers include vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate; (meth) acrylic acid, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, and the like. (Meth) acrylic acid and its alkyl ester.
- the thermoplastic resin can be easily melt-kneaded with the thermoplastic carbon precursor, the glass transition temperature is 250 or less for amorphous, and the crystalline melting point is 300 ° C for crystalline. The following is preferred.
- thermoplastic carbon precursor used in the step (1) may be a mixture of oxygen or oxygen and iodine iodine at a temperature of 200 ° C. or more and less than 350 ° C. for 2 to 30 hours.
- a thermoplastic carbon precursor which is maintained at a temperature of 350 ° C. or more and less than 500 ° C. for 5 hours so that 8 O wt% or more of the initial weight remains is preferable. Under the above conditions, if the remaining amount is less than 80% of the initial weight, carbon fibers cannot be obtained from the thermoplastic carbon precursor with a sufficient carbonization rate, which is not preferable.
- thermoplastic carbon precursor satisfying the above conditions include pitch, polyacrylonitrile, polycarboimide, polyimide, polybenzoazole, and aramide.
- pitch, polyacrylonitrile, and polyacrylamide are preferable, and pitch is more preferable.
- mesophase pitches which are generally expected to have high strength and high elastic modulus, are preferable.
- the mesophase pitch refers to a compound capable of forming an optically anisotropic phase (liquid crystal phase) in a molten state.
- a raw material for mesophase pitch coal or petroleum distillation residue may be used, or an organic compound may be used.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene are used because of their stability and low carbonization or graphitization.
- the thermoplastic carbon precursor is used in an amount of 1 to 150 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 100 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin. Can be used.
- the mixture used in step (1) is manufactured from a thermoplastic resin and a thermoplastic carbon precursor.
- the dispersion diameter of the thermoplastic carbon precursor in the thermoplastic effect is set to 0.01 to 50 im. It is preferred that If the dispersion diameter of the thermoplastic carbon precursor in the thermoplastic resin (I) is outside the range of 0.01 to 50, it may be difficult to produce carbon fibers for high-performance composite materials. is there. A more preferable range of the dispersion diameter of the thermoplastic carbon precursor is 0.01 to 30 zm. Also, after holding a mixture consisting of a thermoplastic resin and a thermoplastic carbon precursor at 300 ° C.
- the dispersion diameter of the thermoplastic green carbon precursor in the thermoplastic resin is reduced. It is preferably from 0.01 to 50 m. In general, if a mixture obtained by melt-kneading a thermoplastic resin and a thermoplastic carbon precursor is kept in a molten state, the thermoplastic carbon precursor agglomerates with time, but due to the aggregation of the thermoplastic carbon precursor, If the dispersion diameter exceeds 50 xm, it may be difficult to produce carbon fibers for high-performance composite materials.
- the degree of the coagulation rate of the thermoplastic carbon precursor varies depending on the type of the thermoplastic resin and the thermoplastic carbon precursor used, but is more preferably at 300 ° C.
- thermoplastic carbon precursor forms an island phase and becomes spherical or elliptical, but the dispersion diameter referred to in the present invention refers to the spherical diameter or elliptical length of the thermoplastic carbon precursor in the mixture. Means shaft diameter.
- the amount of the thermoplastic carbon precursor to be used is 1 to 150 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 100 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin.
- the amount of the thermoplastic carbon precursor exceeds 150 parts by weight, a thermoplastic carbon precursor having a desired dispersion diameter cannot be obtained, and when the amount is less than 1 part by weight, the desired carbon fiber is produced at low cost. It is not preferable because problems such as inability to do so occur.
- thermoplastic resin and thermoplastic carbon precursor As a method for producing a mixture from a thermoplastic resin and a thermoplastic carbon precursor, kneading in a molten state is preferred.
- Melt kneading of thermoplastic resin and thermoplastic carbon precursor is known The method can be used as needed, and examples thereof include a single-screw melt-kneading extruder, a twin-screw melt-kneading extruder, a mixing roll, and a Banbury mixer.
- a co-rotating twin-screw melt-kneading extruder is preferably used for the purpose of dispersing the thermoplastic carbon precursor in the mouth of the thermoplastic resin well.
- the melting and kneading temperature is preferably from 100 ° C. to 400 ° C. If the melt-kneading temperature is less than 100, the thermoplastic carbon precursor is not in a molten state, and micro-dispersion with the thermoplastic resin is difficult. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 400 ° C., the decomposition of the thermoplastic resin and the thermoplastic carbon precursor proceeds, which is not preferable.
- a more preferable range of the melting and kneading temperature is 150 ° C. to 350 ° C.
- the melting and kneading time is 0.5 to 20 minutes, preferably 1 to 15 minutes.
- the time for melt-kneading is less than 0.5 minutes, it is not preferable because micro-dispersion of the thermoplastic carbon precursor is difficult. On the other hand, when the time exceeds 20 minutes, the productivity of carbon fibers is significantly reduced, which is not preferable.
- thermoplastic carbon precursor used in the present invention reacts with oxygen to be denatured and infused at the time of melt-kneading, which may hinder the dispersion of the micro-mouths in the thermoplastic resin. For this reason, it is preferable to carry out melt-kneading while flowing an inert gas to reduce the oxygen gas content as much as possible. More preferably, the oxygen gas content at the time of melt kneading is less than 5%, and more preferably less than 1%.
- an aggregate (nonwoven fabric) of precursor fibers is formed from a mixture obtained by melt-kneading a thermoplastic resin and a thermoplastic carbon precursor.
- the aggregate composed of the precursor fibers can be produced by a melt-opening method of a mixture obtained by melt-kneading a thermoplastic resin and a thermoplastic carbon precursor.
- the conditions of melt blow are as follows: Discharge die temperature is 150 to 400 ° (and gas temperature is A range of 150 to 400 ° C is preferably used.
- the gas ejection speed of the melt blow affects the fiber diameter of the precursor fiber, and the gas ejection speed is usually 2,000 to 100 mZs, more preferably 1,000 to 20 Om / s.
- the mixture of thermoplastic 'I' green resin and thermoplastic carbon precursor is melted and kneaded and then discharged from the die, it is melted and kneaded and then sent through the pipe in a molten state and continuously fed to the discharge die. It is preferable to carry out the liquid transfer, and the transfer time from the melt-kneading to the spinneret discharge is preferably within 10 minutes.
- a precursor fiber having a fiber diameter of preferably 0.01 to 20 m, more preferably 0.05 to L: 0 m.
- the nonwoven fabric made of the precursor fiber prepared in the step (1) is subjected to a stabilization treatment to stabilize and stabilize the thermoplastic carbon precursor in the precursor fiber.
- a non-woven fabric composed of precursor fibers is formed.
- the stabilization of the thermoplastic carbon precursor is a necessary step for obtaining a nonwoven fabric made of carbon fibers subjected to carbon siding or graphitizing, and the next step of removing the thermoplastic resin was performed without performing this step. In such a case, problems such as thermal decomposition and fusion of the thermoplastic carbon precursor occur.
- the stabilization can be performed by a known method such as a gas stream treatment with oxygen or the like, or a solution treatment with an acidic aqueous solution.
- a gas stream treatment with oxygen or the like or a solution treatment with an acidic aqueous solution.
- the gas components to be used include oxygen and Z because of the permeability to the thermoplastic resin and the adsorptivity to the thermoplastic carbon precursor, and the fact that the thermoplastic carbon precursor can be rapidly infusibilized at a low temperature.
- a mixed gas containing a halogen gas is preferable.
- the halogen gas include a fluorine gas, a chlorine gas, a bromine gas, and an iodine gas.
- a bromine gas, an iodine gas, and particularly an iodine gas are preferable.
- the temperature is 50 to 350 ° C, preferably 80 to 300 ° C, for 5 hours or less, preferably 2:00! ⁇ It is preferable to perform the treatment in a desired gas atmosphere below.
- the softening point of the thermoplastic carbon precursor contained in the precursor fiber is significantly increased by the infusibilization, but the softening point is increased by 40 in order to obtain a desired ultrafine carbon fiber. It is preferably at least 0 ° C, more preferably at least 500 ° C.
- the step in the production method of the present invention is to remove the thermoplastic resin contained in the stabilized precursor fiber by thermal decomposition, and specifically, to remove the thermoplastic resin contained in the stabilized precursor fiber. Then, only the stabilized fibrous carbon precursor is separated to form a nonwoven fabric made of the fibrous carbon precursor. In this step, it is necessary to suppress the thermal decomposition of the fibrous carbon precursor as much as possible, to decompose and remove the thermoplasticity measure, and to separate the non-woven cloth composed of only the fibrous carbon precursor.
- the removal of the thermoplastic shelf may be performed in either an oxygen-containing atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere.
- an atmosphere containing oxygen refers to a gas atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 1 to 100%.
- an inert gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or argon, iodine, bromine, or the like is used. Among these conditions, use of air is particularly preferable in terms of cost; ⁇ it is particularly preferable.
- the temperature at which the thermoplastic resin contained in the nonwoven fabric made of the Stabilizing precursor fiber is removed is lower than 350 ° C.
- the thermal decomposition of the fibrous carbon precursor is suppressed, but the thermal decomposition of the thermoplastic resin is suppressed. It is not preferable because it cannot be performed sufficiently. If the temperature is higher than 60 ° C., the thermal decomposition of the thermoplastic resin can be performed sufficiently, but the thermal decomposition of the fibrous carbon precursor also occurs, and as a result, it is obtained from the thermoplastic carbon precursor. It is not preferable because the carbonization yield of the nonwoven fabric made of carbon fibers is reduced.
- the temperature at which the thermoplastic resin contained in the nonwoven fabric made of the stabilized precursor fiber is decomposed is preferably from 380 to 500 ° C in an oxygen atmosphere, and more preferably from 400 to 450 ° C.
- the treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 0.5 to 10 hours.
- the thermoplastic resin is decomposed to 15 wt% or less of the initial weight used.
- at least 80 wt% of the initial weight of the thermoplastic carbon precursor used was the fibrous carbon precursor. It remains as a nonwoven fabric consisting of a body.
- thermoplastic resin when removing the thermoplastic resin in an inert gas atmosphere, it is necessary to remove at a temperature of 35 CTC or more and less than 600 ° C.
- in an inert gas atmosphere refers to a gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or argon having an oxygen concentration of 3 Oppm or less, more preferably 2 Oppm or less.
- a halogen gas such as iodine or bromine may be contained.
- the inert gas used in this step carbon dioxide and nitrogen can be preferably used from the viewpoint of cost, and nitrogen is particularly preferable.
- the temperature at which the thermoplastic resin contained in the nonwoven fabric composed of the stabilized precursor fibers is removed is lower than 350 ° C, the thermal decomposition of the fibrous carbon precursor is suppressed, but the thermal decomposition of the thermoplastic resin is sufficiently performed It is not preferable because it cannot be performed.
- the temperature is above 600 ° C, the thermal decomposition of the thermoplastic resin can be performed sufficiently, but the thermal decomposition of the fibrous carbon precursor also occurs. It is not preferable because the carbonization yield of the obtained nonwoven fabric made of carbon fibers is reduced.
- the temperature at which the thermoplastic resin contained in the stabilized precursor fiber is decomposed is preferably from 380 to 550 ° C in an inert gas atmosphere, and particularly preferably from 400 to 530 ° C. It is preferable to treat for 0.5 to 10 hours in the temperature range of (:). By performing the above treatment, the thermoplastic resin used is decomposed to 15 wt% or less of the initial weight. 80 wt% or more of the initial amount of the obtained thermoplastic carbon precursor remains as a nonwoven fabric composed of the fibrous carbon precursor.
- thermoplastic resin from the nonwoven fabric composed of the stabilized precursor fibers to form the nonwoven fabric composed of the fibrous carbon precursor
- a method of removing the thermoplastic resin with a solvent may be adopted.
- thermoplastic resin when the temperature exceeds 300 ° C, it is possible to remove the thermoplastic resin in a short time, but the fibrous carbon precursor (I) also dissolves. This not only breaks the fiber structure and the nonwoven fabric structure, but also lowers the carbonization yield of the finally obtained carbon fiber as a raw material, which is not preferable.
- the temperature at which the thermoplastic resin is removed with a solvent is preferably 50 to 250 ° C, more preferably 80 to 200 ° C.
- Step (4) in the production method of the present invention comprises the steps of: forming a nonwoven fabric made of a fibrous carbon precursor from which the thermoplastic resin has been removed to 15% by weight or less of the initial weight in an inert gas atmosphere; It produces carbon fiber.
- the nonwoven fabric made of the fibrous carbon precursor is carbonized or graphitized by high-temperature treatment in an inert gas atmosphere, and becomes a nonwoven fabric made of a desired carbon fiber.
- the carbon fiber obtained preferably has a fiber diameter of 0.001 xm to 2 zm.
- Carbonization or graphitization of the nonwoven fabric comprising the fibrous carbon precursor can be performed by a known method.
- the inert gas used includes nitrogen, argon and the like, and the temperature is 500 ° C. (: up to 3,500 ° C., preferably 800,000 to 3,000 ° C.).
- the oxygen concentration at the time of carbonization or graphitization is preferably 20 ppm or less, and more preferably 10 ppm or less. it can.
- the nonwoven fabric of the present invention or a crushed product thereof is used as the fuel cell electrode substrate of the present invention.
- the fuel cell electrode substrate of the present invention has a water contacting property measured in an environment of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 65 to 70% RH as compared with a conventional nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, paper, etc. made of carbon fiber.
- the corners are extremely large.
- the diameter of the carbon fiber is remarkably small as compared with conventional non-woven fabrics, woven fabrics and papers made of carbon fiber. For this reason, when used as a fuel cell electrode material, the ability to remove generated water is high and the specific surface area is large, so that the number of catalytic active sites can be increased and the power generation efficiency can be improved. Demonstrate.
- the fuel cell electrode base material of the present invention preferably has a water contact angle of 140 to 155 ° measured in an environment of 20 ° C and a humidity of 65 to 70% RH.
- the thickness is preferably 5 to 5,000 m, and as a crushed product, the fiber length is preferably 0.1 to 50 m.
- the fuel cell electrode precursor of the present invention is obtained by fixing a catalyst made of a carbon powder supporting platinum or a platinum alloy to the nonwoven fabric of the present invention using polytetrafluoroethylene as a binder.
- a catalyst made of a carbon powder supporting platinum or a platinum alloy to the nonwoven fabric of the present invention using polytetrafluoroethylene as a binder.
- various carbon powders for supporting platinum or a platinum alloy can be used.
- a car pump rack known per se or a crushed nonwoven fabric of the present invention may be used.
- the fuel cell electrode precursor of the present invention can be a non-woven fabric of the present invention, in which a catalyst made of platinum or a platinum alloy is fixed using polytetrafluoroethylene as a binder. Further, a catalyst comprising a crushed product of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention carrying platinum or a platinum alloy and fixed to a carbon fiber cloth with polytetrafluoroethylene as a binder may be used.
- the carbon fiber fabric may be a knitted fabric or a nonwoven fabric, and the nonwoven fabric is not limited to the nonwoven fabric of the present invention.
- the nonwoven fabric of the present invention and its crushed product are further suitably used as an electrode material, particularly for a cappanter and a secondary battery.
- a non-woven fabric having a porous carbon fiber and a crushed product thereof are preferable as an electrode material, and particularly preferable as an electrode material for a cap.
- the electrode material of the present invention can be used in an environment of 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 65 to 70%.
- the prescribed water contact angle is preferably 140 to 155 °
- the thickness of the nonwoven fabric made of carbon fiber is preferably 5 to 5,000.
- the carbon fiber is a multi-L material having pores on its surface. More preferably, the pore diameter is in the range from 0.1 to 200 nm.
- the ratio of the specific surface area having a pore diameter of 2 nm or more to the total specific surface area is preferably 0.3 or more.
- the total specific surface area is preferably in the range from 100 to 50,000 m 2 / g.
- the nonwoven fabric of the present invention as an electrode material is preferably prepared by a process according to the method of the present invention.
- the obtained fibrous carbon precursor is subjected to a normal activation treatment or an activated carbon treatment, such as a steam activation treatment or an alkali activation treatment. Alternatively, it is produced by applying these combinations.
- the method for activating steam is an ordinary method for activating granular activated carbon, and is performed at a temperature of 700 ° C. (to 1,500 ° C.) in the presence of steam. A more preferable temperature range is 80 ° C. The temperature is 0 ° C. to 1,300 ° C. The activation treatment is preferably performed for 3 to 180 minutes.
- the activation treatment time is less than 3 minutes, the specific surface area is undesirably reduced. On the other hand, if the time is longer than 180 minutes, not only does productivity drop, but also the yield of charcoal is significantly reduced, which is not preferable.
- the raw material is impregnated with an alkali hydroxide or an alkali carbonate, and the temperature is raised at a constant speed to a predetermined temperature range to replace the activated carbon.
- the activator used in the activation of the alkaline force include alkali metal hydroxides such as KOH and NaOH, and alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as Ba (OH) 2 . Of these, KOH and NaOH are preferred.
- the conditions for alkali activation vary depending on the activator to be used, and cannot be said unconditionally.For example, when KOH is used, the temperature is 400 to 1,000 ° C., preferably 550 to 800 ° C. Preferably, the temperature is raised to C.
- the processing time of the activation may be appropriately selected according to the heating rate and the processing temperature, preferably 1 to several hours at 550 to 800 ° C, more preferably 1 to 1 hour. Time.
- the activator is usually used in the form of an aqueous solution, and the concentration is about 0.1 to 90 wt%.
- the concentration of the aqueous solution of the activator is less than 0.1 lwt%, a nonwoven fabric having a high specific surface area cannot be produced, which is not preferable.
- it exceeds 90 wt% not only a woven fabric having a high specific surface area cannot be produced, but also the carbonization yield is reduced, which is not preferable. More preferably, it is 1 to 5% by weight.
- the desired nonwoven fabric can be obtained by impregnating the carbon fiber precursor with the aqueous solution of Arikari and raising the temperature at a constant rate to a predetermined temperature range.
- the nonwoven fabric obtained by the above method may contain an alkali or an alkali salt. Therefore, treatments such as washing with water and drying may be performed thereafter.
- a nonwoven fabric having a pore diameter of 2 nm or more and a fiber diameter of 500 nm or less can be advantageously produced.
- the composite material using the nonwoven fabric or the crushed product of the present invention comprises the nonwoven fabric or the crushed product in a matrix material.
- a matrix material for example, an organic polymer, an inorganic compound or a metal compound is used.
- the organic polymer may be a natural resin or a synthetic resin.
- it is a synthesizing measure of a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, or the like.
- the obtained molded body is preferable because it has excellent impact strength and can be subjected to press molding or injection molding with high molding efficiency.
- thermoplastic resin examples include acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin (ABS resin), acrylonitrile-ethylene / propylene-styrene resin Ji-purpose (AES resin), methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene resin (MBS resin), and acrylic acid Nitrile-butadiene-methyl methacrylate-styrene resin (AB MS resin), acrylonitrile-n-butyl acrylate-styrene resin (AAS resin), rubber-modified polystyrene (high impact polystyrene), polyethylene resin Polyolefin resin such as propylene resin, polystyrene resin, polymethylmethacrylate resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, cellulose acetate resin, polyamide resin, polyester resin, polyacrylonitrile resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, poly Thermoplastics such as ethylene resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polyketone resin, polysulfone resin, poly
- thermoplastic resin obtained by blending two or more of these resins.
- a resin obtained by adding a flexible component such as an elastomer, a synthetic rubber or a natural rubber to the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin for further improving the impact resistance may be used.
- thermosetting resin examples include, for example, unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, xylene resin, diaryl phthalate resin, epoxy resin, aniline resin, furan resin, polyurethane resin, Examples include thermosetting polyimides, copolymers and modified products thereof, and resins obtained by blending two or more of these resins. Further, in order to further improve the impact resistance, a resin obtained by adding a flexible component such as another elastomer, synthetic rubber or natural rubber to the above-mentioned thermosetting resin may be used.
- a flexible component such as another elastomer, synthetic rubber or natural rubber
- the inorganic compound as the matrix material is, for example, a ceramic material or a polymer inorganic oxide, for example, glass.
- Preferred examples include glass fiber, sheet glass and other molded glass, silicate ceramics and other refractory ceramics, such as aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and boron nitride.
- the mixing of the inorganic binder and the non-woven fabric and / or its crushed material may be performed by, for example, a method of melt-kneading and mixing with a molten inorganic compound, or a method of mixing a thermoplastic resin such as polycarbomethylsilane into a matrix material.
- a method of mixing a nonwoven fabric and / or a crushed product thereof, followed by infusibilization and baking to prepare a composite material of an inorganic compound such as gay carbide can be exemplified.
- Metals as the matrix include, for example, aluminum, magnesium, lead, copper, tungsten, titanium, niobium, hafnium, vanadium, and alloys and mixtures thereof.
- the mixing amount of the nonwoven fabric and Z or a crushed material thereof is 0.01 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 0 to 1 to 60 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the matrix material. Parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight. If the carbon fiber content is less than 0.01 part by weight, the effect of improving the mechanical properties is hardly observed, and if the carbon fiber content is more than 100 parts by weight, molding such as spinning becomes difficult.
- a known method for example, dry blending or pellet blending of resin pellets or powder with a predetermined amount of carbon fiber nonwoven fabric and Z or its crushed product is used. After that, it is supplied to a mouth-type whisk and kneaded under heating, or they are put into an extruder and extruded on a rope and cut into a pellet, or resin, etc.
- a method of blending a carbon fiber with a solution or dispersion of the above in a liquid medium can be used. Also, mixing by a wet master batch method is possible.
- thermosetting resin its precursor is charcoal
- a nonwoven fabric of elementary fibers may be mixed, and a known method suitable for various resins can be used.
- the resin can be dispersed and mixed into the raw materials at the stage of producing the resin, and can be produced by a conventionally known polymerization method such as a solution polymerization method, an interfacial polymerization method, and a melt polymerization method.
- a conventionally known polymerization method such as a solution polymerization method, an interfacial polymerization method, and a melt polymerization method.
- the method of molding into a desired shape include injection molding (injection compression molding, gas assist injection molding, insert molding, etc.), blow molding, vacuum molding, rotational molding, extrusion molding, press molding, transfer molding (RTM) Molding, RIM molding, SCRI MP molding, RFI molding, etc.), and autoclave molding.
- a particularly desirable molding method is injection molding with high productivity.
- Examples of the form of the composite material of the present invention include pellets, stampable sheets, pre-readers, SMCs, BMCs and the like.
- a particularly desirable form is a pellet.
- Pellets can usually be obtained by melt-kneading or impregnating carbon fibers and a matrix in an extruder, and extruding and pelletizing.
- a method for producing a composite fiber there is a method in which a mixed solution of a resin composition and carbon fibers is prepared and spun from the mixed solution.
- the composite material of the present invention can be foamed by using a foaming agent to form a foam.
- a foaming agent for example, a resin foam having conductivity and / or jet blackness can be used.
- various resins and elastomers described above can be used. Among them, thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polychlorinated biel, polystyrene, polybutene gen, polyurethane, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the like can be used. Thermoplastic elastomers can be mentioned as preferred polymers.
- the foaming agent in addition to various resin foaming agents, organic solvents, gases such as butane, and supercritical fluids such as supercritical carbon dioxide can be used.
- mechanical properties for example, flexural modulus, impact strength, etc.
- thermal properties for example, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, etc.
- moldability for example, screwing into a screw, viscosity
- the degree of filling molding shrinkage, burrs, sink marks, surface smoothness, etc.
- specific gravity for example, anisotropy, etc.
- filler examples include Myriki, talc, kaolin, sericite, bentonite, zonotolite, sepiolite, smectite, montmorillonite, silica, calcium carbonate, carbon fiber, metal-coated carbon fiber, carbon powder, graphite powder, Glass fiber, metal-coated glass fiber, glass beads, glass flakes, glass microballoons, clay, molybdenum disulfide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, oxidized antimony, calcium polyphosphate, barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc borate, Calcium borate, aluminum borate whiskers, potassium titanate whiskers and the like can be used. These fillers may be used alone or as a blend of two or more.
- the filler may be previously provided with a surface treatment agent in order to provide more excellent mechanical properties and the like.
- the surface treatment agent is preferably water-soluble from the viewpoint of the working environment.
- examples of such a surface treatment agent include silane-based, aluminum-based, titanate-based coupling agents, epoxy-based, urethane-based, ether-based, ester-based, amide-based, acrylic-based, vinyl-based, and vinyl-based. , Styrene-based, silicon-based, fluorine-based, silicon-based, phenol-based resins, and liquid crystalline resins. It is appropriately selected according to the matrix used.
- the composite material of the present invention may contain, as other components, a conductivity-imparting agent, a flame retardant, a flame-retardant aid, a pigment, a dye, a lubricant, a release agent, a compatibilizer, a dispersant, a crystal nucleus, depending on the purpose.
- a conductivity-imparting agent e.g., a flame retardant, a flame-retardant aid, a pigment, a dye, a lubricant, a release agent, a compatibilizer, a dispersant, a crystal nucleus, depending on the purpose.
- the metal-supported nonwoven fabric of the present invention or the metal-supported crushed product is obtained by supporting a metal compound on the carbon fiber of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention or the crushed product of which the carbon fiber has a fiber diameter of 0.001 to 2; Obviously, the metal-supported nonwoven fabric of the present invention or the metal-supported crushed product is obtained by supporting a metal compound on the carbon fiber of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention or the crushed product of which the carbon fiber has a fiber diameter of 0.001 to 2; Become.
- the metal to be supported is preferably a metal having a catalytic function represented by, for example, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ir, Au, Ag or the like, or a photocatalytic component when used as an environmental purification filter.
- a metal having a catalytic function represented by, for example, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ir, Au, Ag or the like, or a photocatalytic component when used as an environmental purification filter.
- a metal sulfide such as C d S or ZnS is preferable.
- a noble metal such as Pi; Au, and a base metal such as Ni, Fe, Nb as a catalyst to the above-mentioned metal oxides and metal sulfides. That is, in this case, the efficiency of charge separation between electrons and holes generated by photoexcitation is improved, or a plurality of adsorption sites on the photocatalyst surface for complex contaminants are provided, and the photocatalytic activity is improved.
- the loading amount of the metal is preferably 0.1 to 100% by weight, more preferably 1 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the carbon fiber.
- the supported amount is less than 0.1% by weight, it is difficult to exhibit the catalytic activity, which is not preferable. If the amount exceeds 100% by weight, the cost increases and the amount of the catalyst becomes excessive with respect to the fiber surface area. This is not preferable because some metals do not function as active sites.
- the supported metal is preferably in the form of a thin film having a thickness of 1 to 10 O nm or in the form of fine particles having a particle size of 1 to 10 O nm, more preferably 10 to 5 O nm. is there. If the film thickness or the particle size is less than 1 nm, the metal size is close to the atomic size, so that it is difficult to obtain the catalytic function, and it becomes technically difficult to carry the metal on the fiber. On the other hand, when the film thickness or the particle size exceeds 10 O nm, the high specific surface area of the ultrafine fibers cannot be effectively utilized, and it is difficult to be reflected in the functionality of a product which can obtain the effect of ultrafine fibers, which is not preferable.
- Examples of the method for supporting the catalyst include a wet method in which a nonwoven fabric is immersed in a metal compound solution such as a metal alkoxide, a metal chloride, and a metal nitrate, and a dip coating method in which a metal is dispersed in water and an organic solvent solution.
- a metal compound solution such as a metal alkoxide, a metal chloride, and a metal nitrate
- a dip coating method in which a metal is dispersed in water and an organic solvent solution.
- Any of known metal supporting methods such as a sizing method, a method of sizing by mixing a metal on a material such as a sizing agent with a metal, and a method of chemical vapor deposition such as CVD can be used.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- Loading using a supercritical fluid involves dissolving a metal compound in the supercritical fluid, This is achieved by impregnating the body with a nonwoven fabric and then releasing the supercritical state to deposit metal on the nonwoven fabric.
- the above-mentioned supercritical fluid refers to a substance in a state exceeding a critical temperature and a critical pressure.
- the fluid in this state has the same dissolving power as liquid, and has diffusivity and viscosity close to that of gas, so that metal can be easily and quickly transported to the fiber surface.
- supercritical fluids have properties similar to organic solvents, when using ultrafine carbon fibers that are strongly hydrophobic and have a strong affinity for organic solvents, use this property to efficiently carry metals on the fiber surface. can do.
- Examples of the supercritical fluid having a metal dissolving ability include carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, ethane, ethylene, methanol, and ethanol.
- Carbon dioxide has a critical pressure of 7.48 MPa and a critical temperature of 3.1.11, which makes it easy to obtain a supercritical state because it is low.It is also cheaper than water, and is nontoxic, nonflammable, and noncorrosive. Therefore, it is preferable because it is easy to handle and has little impact on the environment.
- the dissolving ability of the supercritical fluid can be adjusted by adjusting the temperature, pressure, addition of an entrainer, etc., and by adjusting the dissolving ability and the amount of metal precursor, as well as the mobility and diffusivity of the supercritical fluid, the fiber It is possible to control the amount of metal carried thereon, the film thickness, the particle size, the degree of dispersion, and the like.
- the pressure is preferably at least 7.48 MPa, which is a critical pressure, and particularly preferably 8.0 to 30.0 MPa. When the pressure is higher than this value, a large amount of energy is required industrially, and a large load is imposed on safety and economy, which is not preferable.
- the temperature is preferably 31.3 ° C or more, which is a critical temperature, and more preferably 35 ° C to 150 ° C. If the temperature is higher than the above temperature, the supercritical fluid density is reduced, and the solubility of the metal compound is significantly reduced.
- the subcritical carbon dioxide fluid refers to a carbon dioxide fluid having a pressure of at least OMPa and a temperature of at least 25 ° C and not in a supercritical state.
- the above-mentioned end trainers for promoting the dissolution of the metal compound in the supercritical fluid include, for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, acetone, Ketones such as ethyl methyl ketone and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene can be used.
- the amount of these added is preferably 1 to 10% by weight based on the supercritical fluid, and if it is more than that, the dissolution promoting effect as an end trainer is reduced, so that it is not preferable.
- any metal compound which can be dissolved in the above-mentioned supercritical fluid can be used as the metal compound, but an organometallic compound is preferable, and particularly a metal acetylacetonate.
- an organometallic compound is preferable, and particularly a metal acetylacetonate.
- alkoxides are preferable because of their high solubility in supercritical fluids.
- acetyl acetate such as platinum acetyl acetate, palladium acetyl acetate, rhodium acetyl acetate, iridium acetyl acetate, bisacetate triphenyl phosphate palladium, Palladium acetate and the like can be mentioned.
- the metal is preferably a photocatalytic component for use as an environmental purification filter.
- a noble metal such as Pt: and Au and a base metal such as Ni, Fe and Nb
- a base metal such as Ni, Fe and Nb
- the calcination is performed to fix the catalyst component supported by the supercritical method on the fiber.
- the metal supported by contact with the fiber may have the form of acetyl acetate as a raw material or the form of a hydroxide obtained by hydrolyzing an alkoxide. And co-catalyst components At the same time, it is firmly supported on the fibers.
- Conditions such as temperature and atmosphere during the calcination can be arbitrarily selected according to the catalyst components and the use of the catalyst, but generally, the calcination is carried out in an oxidizing or inert atmosphere at 300 to 800 ° C.
- the thus obtained filter using the metal-carrying nonwoven fabric of the present invention or a crushed product thereof as a base material has a very high specific surface area, such as sunlight, fluorescent light, incandescent light, black light, UV lamp, mercury lamp, xenon.
- Large energy receiving area for artificial light irradiation such as lamps, halogen lamps, metal halide lamps, etc., has a small energy loss, and also has a low odor and NOX and other harmful substances in the air, or organic solvents and pesticides dissolved in water. Efficient contact with environmental pollutants, which can be quickly and continuously decomposed and removed. In addition, they are excellent in safety, water resistance, heat resistance, light resistance, and stability, so they can be used at low cost, energy saving, and maintenance-free.
- Such a filter is suitably used as a water treatment filter or an air purification filter as described above.
- thermoplastic carbon precursor in the thermoplastic resin The dispersed particle diameter of the thermoplastic carbon precursor in the thermoplastic resin and the fiber diameter of the carbon fiber constituting the nonwoven fabric were measured with a scanning electron microscope S-2400 (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).
- RU-300 manufactured by Rigaku Denki was used.
- the distance between the net planes (d. 2 ) was obtained from the value of 20, and the thickness of the net plane group (Lc) was obtained from the half width of the peak.
- the porosity and the pore diameter of the nonwoven fabric are as follows:
- the measurement was performed under the conditions of a measurement pressure range of 100 kPa to 207 MPa and 27 using 20.
- the porosity and pore diameter of the nonwoven fabric were evaluated using the following equations.
- Pore diameter (rAV) 4Vp / Sp
- Vp is the pore volume (cc / g), the cumulative pore volume of the measured pores, is the specific surface area of the pores (mVg), and is assumed to be cylindrical from the pore volume and the pore radius.
- the determined cumulative specific surface area, W is the mass of the nonwoven fabric, and V is the sample volume.
- the contact angle of mercury was 130 ° and the surface tension was 484 mNZm.
- thermoplastic resin TPX: Grade RT-18 manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- TPX Grade RT-18 manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- a thermoplastic carbon precursor Mesophase Pitch AR-HP (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) 11
- TEX-30 co-rotating twin-screw extruder
- the dispersion diameter of the thermoplastic carbon precursor in the thermoplastic resin was 0.05 to 2 wm.
- the mixture was kept at 300 for 10 minutes, but no agglomeration of the thermoplastic carbon precursor was observed, and the dispersion diameter was 0.05 to 2 m.
- the precursor fiber was charged into a 1-liter pressure-resistant glass together with air so that 0.5 part by weight of iodine was contained with respect to 10 parts by weight of the nonwoven fabric made of the precursor fiber, and the mixture was kept at 180 ° C for 10 hours.
- a nonwoven fabric composed of an aggregate of stabilized precursor fibers was prepared.
- the non-woven fabric made of the stabilized precursor fiber is heated to 550 C in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at a heating rate of 5 ° CZ to remove the thermoplastic resin and to form the aggregate of the fibrous carbon precursor.
- a non-woven fabric was made.
- the non-woven fabric made of the aggregate of carbon fibers is created by raising the temperature of the non-woven fabric made of this fibrous carbon precursor from room temperature to 1,000 o ° c at a rate of 10 ° C./min in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. did.
- the carbon fiber diameter of the obtained nonwoven fabric was about 100 to 300 nm.
- the thickness of the non-woven fabric is about 30 urn.
- Example 2 In exactly the same manner as in Example 1, a nonwoven fabric composed of an aggregate of stabilized precursor fibers was prepared.
- the nonwoven fabric made of the fibrous carbon precursor is removed by heating the nonwoven fabric made of the stabilized precursor fiber to 550 ° C in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at a heating rate of 5 ° C for 5 minutes to remove the thermoplastic resin. It was created.
- the nonwoven fabric composed of the aggregate of carbon fibers was prepared by raising the temperature of the nonwoven fabric composed of the fibrous carbon precursor from room temperature to 2,800 ° C in 3 hours in an argon gas atmosphere. The basis weight of this nonwoven fabric was 8 g / m 2 .
- the water contact angle was measured at 20 ° C and a humidity of 67% (RH) and found to be 148.9 °.
- thermoplastic resin TPX: Grade RT-18 manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- thermoplastic carbon precursor Mesophase Pitch AR-HP manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the resin composition was prepared by melting and kneading the parts with a co-directional twin-screw extruder (TEX-30 manufactured by Nippon Steel Works, barrel temperature 290 ° C, under a nitrogen stream).
- the dispersion diameter of the thermoplastic carbon precursor obtained under these conditions in the thermoplastic resin was 0.05 to 2 m.
- the resin composition was kept at 300 ° C. for 10 minutes, but no agglomeration of the thermoplastic carbon precursor was observed, and the dispersion diameter was 0.05 to 2 mm.
- the above resin composition was spun from a spinneret at 300 ° C. to prepare an aggregate of precursor composite fibers (sea-island composite fibers containing a carbon fiber precursor as an island component).
- the fiber diameter of this composite fiber was 20 m, and the dispersion diameter of the mesophase pitch in the cross section was all 2 m or less.
- the aggregate of the precursor composite fibers was kept in air at 200 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain an aggregate of stabilized precursor composite fibers.
- the aggregate of the stabilized precursor conjugate fibers was heated to 450 ° C in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at a rate of 5 ° CZ for 5 hours, and held at 450 ° C for 5 hours to remove the thermoplastic resin.
- An aggregate of the removed fibrous carbon precursor was formed.
- the aggregate of the fibrous carbon precursor was heated from 30 ° C to 1,000 ° C at a rate of 2 ° CZ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain an aggregate of carbon fibers.
- the aggregate of carbon fibers was heated at a rate of 20 ° C
- Ultrasonic treatment was performed for 16 hours using 8 kHz ultrasonic waves.
- 247.5 g of the NMP aramide resin solution prepared in Reference Example 1 was added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 4 hours.
- a mixed dope was obtained.
- the polymer dope thus obtained is coagulated in a 50% C solution at a temperature of 50 ° C. It was extruded at a speed of 3 m / min.
- Cap surface The distance between and the coagulation bath surface was 10 mm.
- the fiber taken out of the coagulation bath was washed with water in a 50 ° C water bath, dried with a drying port at 120 ° C, and stretched on a hot plate at 500 ° C.
- MDR maximum draw ratio
- drawing was performed at 0.8 times the draw ratio (15.2 times, at a speed of 60.9 m / min) to obtain a composite fiber.
- the elastic modulus was 83.0 GPa and the strength was 28.4 cN / dtex.
- a non-woven fabric (diameter of carbon fiber within a range of 100 to 500 nm) made of an aggregate of carbon fibers was prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 2.
- this nonwoven fabric (the ultrafine carbon fiber filler) and a 10% by weight solution of titanium isopropoxide in isopropanol were placed in a pressure-resistant container having a volume of 10 OmL, and were placed in supercritical carbon dioxide at 100 ° C and 25 MPa.
- the ultrafine carbon fiber filter was impregnated with a supercritical diacid carbon fluid in which titanium isopropoxide was dissolved.
- the pressure was reduced and hydrolysis was carried out with moisture in the atmosphere, whereby amorphous titanium oxide was carried on the fibers.
- it was calcined at 500 ° C for 1 hour under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a filter supporting anatase-type titanium oxide.
- the amount of titanium oxide supported on the obtained fine titanium oxide-supported ultrafine filter was 7% by weight, the film thickness was 20 to 50 nm, and the particle size was 50 to: L00 nm. Comparative Example 3
- a graphitized carbon fiber filter was manufactured by raising the temperature of a polyacrylonitrile oxidized nonwoven fabric having a fiber diameter of 10 xm from room temperature to 2,800 ° C in 3 hours in an argon gas atmosphere in the same manner as in Example 5. Obtained.
- the carbon fiber filter was loaded with titanium oxide in the same manner as in Example 5.
- the titanium oxide supported on the obtained titanium oxide supporting filter was 13% by weight, the film thickness was 50 to 20 Onm, and the particle size was in the range of 200 nm to 1 m.
- Example 5 The catalyst functions of the carbon fiber filters of Example 5 and Comparative Example 3 prepared as described above were compared. That is, 20 ppm of trichloroethylene (TCE) was injected into the Tedlar bag containing each of the above carbon fiber filters, and irradiated with ultraviolet light having an intensity of 20 mW / cm 2 for 30 minutes, and the gas detector tube was illuminated. The change in trichloroethylene concentration was examined using the method. The results are shown in Fig. 3 as the relationship between time and the amount of trichlorethylene decomposition.
- TCE trichloroethylene
- the trichloroethylene decomposition amount means the amount of trichlorethylene decomposed by titanium oxide per unit weight.
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- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (6)
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US10/578,776 US20070122687A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 | 2004-11-09 | Carbon fiber nonwoven fabric, and production method and use thereof |
KR1020067008976A KR101176807B1 (ko) | 2003-11-10 | 2004-11-09 | 탄소 섬유 부직포, 그 제조 방법 및 용도 |
JP2005515383A JP4223042B2 (ja) | 2003-11-10 | 2004-11-09 | 炭素繊維不織布の製造方法 |
CN2004800330985A CN1878898B (zh) | 2003-11-10 | 2004-11-09 | 碳纤维无纺布、其制造方法及用途 |
EP04799696A EP1686208A4 (en) | 2003-11-10 | 2004-11-09 | NON-WOVEN CARBON FIBER TISSUE AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME |
HK07104080A HK1097888A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 | 2007-04-18 | Carbon fiber nonwoven fabric, and production method and use thereof |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2009079346A (ja) | 2009-04-16 |
CN1878898B (zh) | 2012-06-13 |
JPWO2005045115A1 (ja) | 2007-08-23 |
CN1878898A (zh) | 2006-12-13 |
EP1686208A4 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
JP4223042B2 (ja) | 2009-02-12 |
TWI326723B (ja) | 2010-07-01 |
TW200517538A (en) | 2005-06-01 |
HK1097888A1 (en) | 2007-07-06 |
EP1686208A1 (en) | 2006-08-02 |
KR101176807B1 (ko) | 2012-08-24 |
US20070122687A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
KR20060132578A (ko) | 2006-12-21 |
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