WO2004006969A1 - 多孔質半導体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
多孔質半導体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004006969A1 WO2004006969A1 PCT/JP2003/008777 JP0308777W WO2004006969A1 WO 2004006969 A1 WO2004006969 A1 WO 2004006969A1 JP 0308777 W JP0308777 W JP 0308777W WO 2004006969 A1 WO2004006969 A1 WO 2004006969A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/16—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
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- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
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- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/54—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing zinc or cadmium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/62—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing gallium, indium or thallium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H01L33/18—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous within the light emitting region
Definitions
- Such porous Kappatau ⁇ Of rest: the ';. ⁇ ; V ⁇ ': .. / ⁇ : UV 3 ⁇ 4 light function ⁇ one multi-hole 3 ⁇ 4 of: to the body and its manufacturing capabilities method.
- the tree 1 is connected to such a porous membrane filter, a bioreactor, a bioreactor, and an ultraviolet ray.
- the tree 1 is made of porous metal, which is referred to as a plastic cage having a function of emitting ultraviolet light or "ifti rays" by means of electroluminescence, photoluminescence or force luminescence. ⁇ ⁇
- the ⁇ 'resting optical device is required to have a TM license and an end-to-end luminous wave.
- G a N, ⁇ 1 N, Z n 0, and ⁇ diamond are known as talents for ultraviolet rays.
- the bandgap of these materials and their corresponding ultimate waves have G a N of 3.39 oV, 366 nm, ⁇ 1 N of 6.2 oV, 200 nm, and ZnO of 3.35 oV, 370 nm, diamond is 5.47 oV, 227 nm, and ⁇ 1 G a-'.
- ultraviolet light forms a magnetic wave with a wavelength of about 100 to 400 n, but depending on the wave, UV ⁇ (325 to 400 nm), UV- ⁇ ⁇ > (280 to 325 n rn), UV-C (100-280 nin) is separated into ', UV-C ⁇ , 100-200 nin wave-i' (: ultraviolet and (if) , 254 nm line is a virus, fine
- the 180-254 nm line is useful for water treatment such as sewage purification.
- the 333-364 nm line is widely used for stereolithography
- the 200-400 nm line is widely used for curing ultraviolet-curable resins.
- these UV rays are mainly generated by mercury lamps.
- the use of semiconductor light emitting diodes instead of mercury lamps has been studied as a method that does not use mercury that is harmful to the environment, and some of them have been put into practical use.
- Photocatalyst mainly comprising T i 0 2 or the like.
- Photocatalyst consists mainly T i 0 2 particles, ultraviolet response to molecules constituting the oxygen radicals organic matter and dirt generated by irradiation with, degrade it is also to a.
- Photocatalysts are applied to sewage purification, air purifiers, and toxic gas decomposition equipment. In order to exhibit photocatalysis, it is necessary to irradiate with ultraviolet light having an energy of 3.2 eV or more (equivalent to a wavelength of 388 nm or less), which is the band gap of Ti 2 (anatase type).
- a mercury lamp such as a black light
- a semiconductor light-emitting diode is also being studied, and some have been put into practical use.
- the photocatalyst function in the visible light have also been invented, material doped part nitrogen to T i 0 2 is also excited at 4 0 0 ⁇ 5 0 0 nm of the visible light, to exhibit a photocatalytic action.
- the effect is weaker than UV-excited photocatalysts.
- UV light is easily attenuated in air or liquid.
- the reach is extremely short in liquids containing a lot of suspended matter such as sewage treatment, and ultraviolet rays are irradiated after the suspended matter in the stock solution is once settled or filtered through a filtration membrane.
- the atmosphere is changed to a nitrogen atmosphere with a small UV decay rate, or the range is increased by using a high-output mercury lamp.
- these methods are a big problem for practical use because they lead to large cost increase.
- Ceramic filters are used, for example, in the fields of food and medicine.
- organic membranes have been used in this field, but ceramics are replacing organic membranes because they have excellent heat resistance, pressure resistance, chemical resistance, and high separation ability that organic membranes do not have.
- the porous membrane is also used as a bioreactor for a catalyst carrier, a microorganism culture carrier and the like.
- silicon nitride is a structural ceramic material with high strength, high toughness, high thermal shock resistance, and high chemical resistance, and is very promising as a filter material.
- Si 3 N 4 particles having a columnar structure are combined with at least one compound of rare earth elements (referred to as Sc, Y and lanthanum elements).
- Sc, Y and lanthanum elements a compound of rare earth elements
- Japanese Patent No. 2683452 discloses that a porous Si 3 N 4 body in which columnar Si 3 N 4 crystal particles are randomly oriented via an oxide-based binder phase has high strength properties and is used as a filtration filter. It has been shown to exhibit high transmission performance.
- the Si 3 N 4 porous body is manufactured by the following process. That is, it can be produced by mixing Si 3 N 4 powder and a rare earth oxide as a sintering aid with a predetermined composition, molding, and firing in an inert gas.
- Rare earth elements are Sc, Y, and elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71.
- the Si 3 N 4 filter has no function other than filtering according to the size of the pores in the porous body, like a general filter. That is, for example, particles of organic components smaller than the pore diameter, bacteria, viruses, and the like cannot be collected by filtration. The only way to collect these and clarify the permeate is to make the pore diameter of the porous body smaller than the size of these particles, bacteria and viruses. However, when the pore diameter is reduced, there is a serious problem that the pressure loss in the filtration operation is increased and the permeation performance is greatly reduced. Further, when a part of the porous body structure is damaged and the pore diameter is increased, there is a disadvantage that bacteria and the like are mixed in the permeate.
- Ceramics made porous by the conventional technology have weak bonding between particles and insufficient strength. ⁇ Small transmission performance
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has a very low cost and extremely efficient collection of organic matter, bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances contained in a fluid, and sterilization and decomposition of the collected matter.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a filtration filter that can be performed well, a porous semiconductor used therein, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention provides a porous semiconductor which is suitable for use as a filter, particularly has a high-luminance ultraviolet light emitting function, a simple manufacturing method thereof, and a filter using the porous semiconductor.
- Aim Still another object of the present invention is to provide a porous semiconductor having a suitably controlled pore diameter, high strength, high permeation performance and high thermal shock resistance.
- a porous semiconductor comprising a porous substrate having a communication hole, and a porous semiconductor layer having a communication hole and having a light emitting function by electroluminescence, force luminescence or photoluminescence.
- porous half according to any one of 1 to 6, wherein the porous substrate and Z or the porous semiconductor layer have an average pore diameter of 0.003 to 100 / zm. conductor.
- porous semiconductor according to any one of 1 to 9, wherein the semiconductor layer is composed of crystal particles, and the surfaces of the crystal particles are coated with particles having a photocatalytic function.
- a filtration filter comprising the porous semiconductor according to 1.1 to 10.
- porous substrate is a porous ceramic or metal body having a communication hole, and a porous semiconductor layer is provided inside or on the surface thereof.
- porous semiconductor according to any one of 1 to 9, wherein the porous semiconductor layer is formed of a plurality of columnar bodies of a semiconductor material standing on the surface of the porous substrate. .
- porous semiconductor according to 16 wherein the pores in the porous substrate are through holes perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.
- a porous film having conductivity is disposed as one electrode at the tip of the columnar body, and the porous substrate is made of a conductive material, and constitutes the other electrode. 16.
- a method for producing a porous semiconductor having a light-emitting function comprising a porous substrate having a through-hole and a porous semiconductor layer formed on the surface thereof, comprising at least the following steps: Of producing a porous semiconductor.
- the method for producing a porous semiconductor according to item 29, comprising a step of forming an electrode for injecting a current into the deposition layer.
- porous semiconductor according to 29 or 30, further comprising, after the step (c), a step of performing a treatment for bonding individual semiconductor particles forming a deposition layer. Production method.
- an insulating layer or 34 Between the steps (a) and (b), an insulating layer or 34.
- step (b) at least one suspension of p-type semiconductor particles and one or more suspensions of n-type semiconductor particles are prepared, and in the step (c), 36.
- the semiconductor particles have an average particle size of 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m.
- a filtration filter comprising the porous semiconductor according to any one of 38 to 28.
- An electrode is formed on the upper or lower surface of the porous substrate, and a porous insulating layer, a porous semiconductor layer, and a porous insulating layer are laminated on the porous substrate, and further, an electrode is formed on the upper surface.
- the porous semiconductor layer emits ultraviolet light by electroluminescence when an AC voltage is applied between the electrodes, has a band gap of 3.2 eV or more, and is doped with Gd which is a light emission center. 8.
- An electrode is formed on the upper or lower surface of the porous substrate, and the porous semiconductor layer is formed by dispersing semiconductor particles in an insulating layer, and an electrode is formed on the porous semiconductor layer.
- the porous semiconductor layer emits ultraviolet light by electroluminescence when an AC voltage is applied between the electrodes, and the semiconductor particles have a band gap of 3.2 eV or more and G is a light emission center. 8.
- porous insulating layer or the porous semiconductor layer formed by dispersing semiconductor particles in the insulating layer is covered with a porous layer having a photocatalytic function, or the porous substrate 39.
- porous semiconductor according to 39 or 41 wherein the porous insulating layer or the insulating layer in which the semiconductor particles are dispersed is formed of a material having a photocatalytic function.
- 43. The porous semiconductor according to any one of 39 to 42, wherein a band gap of the porous semiconductor layer or the semiconductor particles is 4.0 eV or more.
- a porous insulating layer, a porous semiconductor layer, and a porous insulating layer are laminated on a porous base material having communication holes on which an electrode is formed on an upper surface or a lower surface, and further, an electrode is formed on an upper surface,
- a method for producing a porous semiconductor which emits ultraviolet light by electoroluminescence by applying an AC voltage between said electrodes comprising at least the following steps.
- a porous semiconductor layer in which semiconductor particles are dispersed in an insulating layer is formed on a porous base material having communication holes on an upper surface or a lower surface, and an electrode is further formed on the upper surface.
- a filtration filter comprising the porous semiconductor according to any one of to 39 to 45.
- a bioreactor comprising the porous semiconductor described in any of 39 to 45.
- the porous semiconductor layer is a silicon nitride porous body comprising columnar Si 3 N 4 particles having an average aspect ratio of 3 or more and an oxide-based bonding phase containing at least one rare earth element. 10.
- the porous semiconductor according to any one of 1 to 9, which emits visible light or ultraviolet light.
- porous semiconductor according to 51 wherein the surface of the columnar Si 3 N 4 particles is covered with particles or a film having a photocatalytic function.
- porous semiconductor according to 51 wherein a deposition layer or a film of particles having a photocatalytic function is formed on a surface of the porous semiconductor layer.
- porous semiconductor according to any one of 51 to 54 comprising at least Gd as the rare earth element.
- porous semiconductor according to 55 further containing Y as the rare earth element.
- 57. The porous semiconductor according to any one of 51 to 56, wherein the porous semiconductor layer has an average pore diameter of 0.1 to 5 m.
- porous semiconductor described in any one of 51 to 57, having a three-point bending strength of 10 OMPa or more.
- the porous substrate is a columnar body having a plurality of holes formed in the axial direction as a flow path of a fluid to be treated, and the communication hole is a communication hole communicating from an inner wall of the hole to a side surface of the columnar body.
- the porous substrate is a honeycomb structure, and the honeycomb structure is formed with an inflow-side honeycomb flow path and an outflow-side honeycomb flow path through a partition wall.
- the porous semiconductor according to claim 1 wherein the porous semiconductor layer is formed in the partition wall, and a porous semiconductor layer is formed on an inner wall of the inflow-side honeycomb channel.
- a wide band gap semiconductor material which emits ultraviolet light as a porous structure and having a light-emitting function as a filter. That is, according to the present invention, there is provided a porous substrate including a porous base material having a communication hole, and a porous semiconductor layer having a light-emitting function by elector luminescence, force luminescence, or photoluminescence and having a communication hole. A quality semiconductor is provided. Further, a filtration filter using the porous semiconductor is provided. When using electroluminescence, there are DC current injection type and AC voltage application type.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of one of the filtration filters of the present invention.
- the filtration filter comprises a porous substrate and a film-like porous semiconductor layer.
- bacteria and organic substances floating in the fluid are filtered by a luminescence filtration filter composed of a porous semiconductor membrane, bacteria and organic substances particles larger than the pore diameter of the porous semiconductor membrane are captured.
- An electrode is formed on the porous semiconductor layer, and when a voltage is applied to the electrode, light emission occurs due to an electroluminescent phenomenon.
- the electroluminescence of the mouth is represented by a black arrow, whereby the captured bacteria and organic particles are sterilized and decomposed.
- the porous semiconductor layer instead of applying a voltage through an electrode that can be decomposed and sterilized when passing through the membrane, irradiating with a laser beam or the like will irradiate the electron beam due to the photonoluminescence phenomenon. Then, the porous semiconductor layer emits light by the cathodoluminescence phenomenon, and can be similarly sterilized and decomposed.
- the porous semiconductor layer may be formed on the surface of the substrate or inside the substrate.
- the use of a substrate has the advantage that, for example, if a high-strength porous substrate is used to provide strength, it is not necessary to impart strength to the semiconductor film.
- the porous semiconductor layer when the porous semiconductor layer emits ultraviolet light of 254 nm, sterilization becomes possible.
- deep ultraviolet light of about 180 to 260 nm is optimal for decomposing organic substances.
- ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm or more has a small function of directly breaking a chemical bond, but in this case, photocatalytic particles such as TiO 2 are formed on the porous semiconductor layer.
- organic substances can be decomposed. That is, T i
- ⁇ 2 is active oxygen radicals generated are excited by absorbing ultraviolet decompose the organic substances which react with organic substances.
- ozone is generated by ultraviolet irradiation, and sterilization with ozone becomes possible.
- the emission wavelength of each material is 227 nm for diamond, 36611111 for 03? ⁇ , 200 nm for A 1 N, and 370 nm for Z ⁇ , and A 1—Ga—N ternary system.
- the value is variable from 200 to 366 nm.
- a semiconductor having a large band gap such as Ga ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , A1N can be used (Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. Vol. 31 (1992), published October 19, 1991). Acceptance, p. 51-59, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. Vol.
- Preferred semiconductor materials in the present invention Ga N, Z nO, A 1 N, diamond, Ga- A l-N mixed crystal, Z n S, Cd S, Z n S e, Z n F 2: G d, A 1 N: G d, Daiyamondo: Gd, C a F 2: G d (: means that doped with Gd) is.
- oxides containing rare earth elements there are oxides containing rare earth elements. Among them, the case where a semiconductor material doped with Gd is used will be described later in detail.
- the emission wavelength basically shifts to the short wavelength side or the long wavelength side. It can be a light emitting porous semiconductor layer.
- the electrical resistance can be controlled in addition to the band gap of the semiconductor film.
- the porous semiconductor film is formed into a laminated structure and a pn junction is formed, the luminous efficiency can be further increased, as in a normal light emitting diode.
- an impurity to be doped for example, for GaN, p-type is added when Mg is added, n-type is added when Si is added, and the band gap of G aN itself is increased when B is added. You can also.
- the shape of the crystal particles constituting the porous semiconductor layer may be spherical, and it is also preferable to make columnar particles with a large aspect ratio.
- whiskers have high crystallinity with few crystal defects such as impurities and dislocations, so that the intensity of luminescence (band-edge luminescence) at a wavelength corresponding to the band gap inherent to the semiconductor increases.
- a filtration filter In addition, if such a structure is used as a filtration filter, higher permeation performance can be exhibited than a filtration filter composed of spherical particles.
- the aspect ratio is preferably 3 or more. If it is smaller than this, high transmission performance and high strength cannot be obtained.
- the porous semiconductor layer needs to have communication holes (open pores), and it is particularly preferable that the porosity is 30% or more. If it is less than 30%, a drawback that filtration resistance becomes large appears.
- the pore diameter of the porous semiconductor layer is preferably from 0.0003 m (3 A) to 100 / xm in average pore diameter. In the case of capturing bacteria and viruses, almost all pores can be captured if the pore diameter is 0.01 / m or less. Furthermore, the range of 0.001 / im (1 OA) to 10 / xm is a range of pores called ultrafiltration and microfiltration, which is the most necessary for collecting organic substances, bacteria, viruses, and suspended matter. This is particularly preferred because The size of bacteria and viruses is, for example, 0.9 / im for P.
- the pore diameter of the porous semiconductor layer may be controlled to a size that can capture these.
- the pore diameter is 0.001 // m or less, it can also function as a gas separation membrane. For example, from a mixture of two or more gases containing a toxic gas, only the toxic gas is allowed to penetrate into the pores, and at the time of permeation, the pore wall emits ultraviolet light to decompose the toxic gas. be able to. In order to make the pores fine, it is necessary to make the crystal grains that make up the semiconductor film finer.
- the thickness of the porous semiconductor layer is preferably 1 to 1000 / xm.
- the quantum size effect and the quantum confinement effect are remarkably exhibited.
- the emission intensity is high, which is preferable.
- the porous base material for supporting the porous semiconductor layer is resistant to ultraviolet rays and requires a certain degree of heat resistance to form a semiconductor film. Used. When a metal or a conductive ceramic such as SiC or GaN is used as a base material, it simultaneously serves as an electrode. It is convenient when making a child. Further, when a high-strength Si 3 N 4 porous body having a structure in which columnar-grown / 3-Si 3 N 4 particles are intertwined three-dimensionally is used as the base material, the base material thickness is reduced. Therefore, pressure loss during filtration can be reduced.
- the material of the preferred substrates in the present invention S i C, A 1 N , S i 3 N 4, S i, SUS 316, A 1 2 0 3, G a N Ru der.
- the average pore diameter of the porous substrate is preferably 0.01 to 1000 / im. If it is less than 0.01 ⁇ m, the pressure loss during filtration becomes large, and the permeation performance decreases. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1000 Aim, it becomes difficult to form a porous semiconductor layer. Further, the porosity of the porous substrate is preferably 30% or more as in the case of the porous semiconductor layer.
- a system that previously required a filtration membrane and a light-emitting source can be reduced to a single product, leading to significant cost reductions, reduced equipment space, and reduced processes.
- the semiconductor light emitting diode since the semiconductor light emitting diode generates less heat, deterioration due to a rise in the temperature of the filtrate can be suppressed.
- ceramics are suitable as a base material of the filter.
- the performance of the filter can be rephrased as the product of the permeation amount per unit area and the membrane area.
- the present inventors have developed a filter in which the shape of the filter is formed in a so-called monolithic shape such that the cross section has a lotus root shape, as shown in Examples described later.
- the monolith shape is formed in a column shape when the entire filter is viewed, and has a plurality of holes in a direction along the axis of the column. That is, a plurality of circular or polygonal holes are formed in the columnar section of the column of the ceramic porous substrate (support) having a large pore diameter in the axial direction, and these holes are formed in the flow direction of the stock solution and the fluid to be treated. Road.
- the end of the monolithic columnar body may be open or closed.
- a filtration layer having a small pore size that is, a semiconductor layer is formed inside the flow path.
- an intermediate layer having a pore diameter between the substrate and the filtration layer is formed.
- the clarified liquid after filtration will flow out from the side of the filter. Thereby, the film area per unit volume can be increased.
- the ceramic porous substrate has a pore size of 1 or more, and the filtration layer has a size of 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the porous substrate can be formed of a honeycomb structure.
- the Harcome structure is preferably used for purifying gas. In this case, the fluid to be processed flows into the inflow-side honeycomb channel, and is guided to the outflow-side honeycomb channel through the communication hole of the partition wall provided with the porous semiconductor layer.
- This honeycomb structure may be molded as a monolith.
- the porous semiconductor layer of the present invention can be manufactured by various methods. Hereinafter, a description will be given of an example in which the porous semiconductor layer is manufactured using a chemical transport method, a CVD method, a sublimation method, and an electric heating method.
- the chemical transport method can be performed using, for example, the apparatus shown in FIG. As shown in Fig. 2, a mixed powder of Z ⁇ powder and graphite powder was placed on a boat in a tubular furnace, and this was heated at a temperature of 900 to 925 ° C in an Ar gas flow under atmospheric pressure to produce a Zn gas. And generate CO gas. When a Si 3 N 4 porous substrate (diameter: 25 X lmm) pre-coated with gold is placed at a position slightly off the center of the furnace, the generated gas is transported and reacts on the substrate to produce crystals. Z ⁇ ⁇ isker with excellent properties is deposited. The following reactions occur in the high-temperature part (900-925 ° C) and low-temperature part in the furnace.
- a nano Z ⁇ ⁇ Iskarcoat Si 3 N 4 porous body is formed as shown in the schematic diagram drawn in the circle in FIG.
- ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 370 nm corresponding to the band gap of ZnO is generated.
- the CVD method can be performed using, for example, an apparatus shown in FIG.
- a suspension is prepared by dispersing the GaN powder in alcohol, and the suspension is filtered through a porous substrate to form a porous layer of GaN (cake layer) as shown in Fig. 3 (b).
- Produce a porous substrate Place the porous substrate in the furnace and keep the substrate at around 600 ° C.
- HC 1 gas and H 2 gas as a carrier gas
- GaCl 3 gas is generated, This is transported onto the substrate and
- the GaN particles formed on the porous substrate are necked to form a GaN porous film (FIG. 3 (c)).
- the sublimation method can be performed using, for example, the apparatus shown in FIG.
- a 1 N powder is charged into a crucible and heated at a high temperature of 2100 ° C. to generate A 1 gas and N 2 gas.
- a ceramic porous substrate is placed at a low temperature of about 200 ° C in the crucible, a porous film consisting of A 1 N microcrystals is formed on the porous substrate. This is a process usually called the sublimation method. If the deposition rate of mosquito S used for growing the SiC single crystal is made extremely high, a porous polycrystalline film is formed instead of a single crystal.
- the generated A 1 N has a columnar shape or a hexagonal plate shape.
- a suspension in which a powder of Z ⁇ is dispersed in water is filtered through a porous substrate to form a deposited layer of Z ⁇ called a cake layer on the surface of the substrate.
- Z n O cake layer an electrode is formed on, by energizing the heating, the surface is 1000 ° C is heated to a temperature on or more and Z n vapor and oxygen or H 2 0 vapor occurs, this is again at the substrate surface
- the reaction condenses to produce ZnO whiskers.
- the powder of Au or Ag may be mixed with the powder of Z ⁇ and heated in the same manner.
- whiskers are generated by a so-called VLS (gas-liquid solid phase participation) mechanism in which the generated gas species is dissolved in the metal liquid melted by heating and then precipitated.
- VLS gas-liquid solid phase participation
- a method for producing a porous semiconductor there is a method in which fine pores are formed in a surface layer in a direction perpendicular to the substrate by anodizing the above-described wide band gap semiconductor substrate.
- Anodizing can also be applied to the following processes: In other words, a light-emitting diode (dense body) having a pn junction structure, which is generally widely used, is once manufactured, and through holes are formed by anodic oxidation or fine etching before forming an electrode. It can also be converted.
- the pores formed by anodization are very fine, ranging from several A to several thousand A, and are an excellent method for obtaining light emission at a wavelength shorter than the wavelength corresponding to the band gap of the semiconductor used. Also, since a fine through-hole perpendicular to the substrate is formed, it can be said that it is a particularly excellent method for providing a gas separation function.
- the porous semiconductor basically needs to include a filtration layer having a filtration function and a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting function from the viewpoint of a function as a force filtration filter composed of a porous substrate and a porous semiconductor layer.
- a porous semiconductor layer is formed on the surface of a porous substrate, and the porous semiconductor layer also functions as a filtration layer and a light emitting layer. Electrodes are formed on the surfaces of the porous substrate and the porous semiconductor layer. If the electrode covers the entire surface, no filtering function is exhibited, so the electrode is in a comb shape. When an indium-tin oxide conductive material (ITO film) is used as the electrode, the entire surface may be covered if the ITO film has a porous structure. The trapped substances present in the liquid or gas are collected by the filtration layer and simultaneously decomposed or sterilized by the generated ultraviolet rays.
- ITO film indium-tin oxide conductive material
- the substrate itself is a filtration layer, and comb-shaped electrodes are formed on both surfaces of the porous semiconductor layer, which is a light emitting layer.
- One electrode has a structure embedded in the filter layer to apply a potential directly to the light-emitting layer.
- the trapped substances present in the liquid or gas are collected by the filtration layer, and the clarified fluid is irradiated with ultraviolet rays.
- This type of filter does not directly irradiate the collected matter with ultraviolet rays, but irradiates the clear fluid passing through the filtration layer with ultraviolet rays, and has an effect of sterilizing bacteria and the like remaining in the clarified fluid.
- the applied voltage is applied not only to the semiconductor layer but also to the liquid, so that the electric conductivity of the semiconductor layer and the base material is increased in this case. It is preferable that the larger the current flowing through the semiconductor layer becomes, the larger the value contributes to light emission.
- a pn junction structure generally used or A quantum well structure or the like may be used.
- Fig. 7 (a) is an example of this.
- the porous GaN layer formed on the SiC porous substrate is divided into three layers, and light is emitted from the electron and hole pairs injected into the active layer. Occurs.
- the thickness of the p_GaN layer is reduced, the ultraviolet light generated from the light-emitting layer will reach the surface of the p-GaN layer and become sloppy, decomposing organic substances and bacteria, and sterilizing it. Performed more efficiently.
- a pn junction is formed with A1N, which has a larger band gap than A1GaN, which is the active layer.
- A1N which has a larger band gap than A1GaN, which is the active layer.
- ultraviolet rays generated from the active layer are more likely to transmit through A 1 N, which is preferable.
- the present inventors have further developed a highly efficient sterilization and organic matter decomposition by forming a wide band gap semiconductor material that emits ultraviolet light into a porous structure composed of columnar bodies, thereby providing a porous material having a more excellent light emitting function. It has been found that it can be a semiconductor, and a filter. That is, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a porous substrate including a porous substrate having a communication hole and a porous semiconductor layer having a communication hole and having a light-emitting function by electroluminescence, force luminescence, or photoluminescence is provided. A porous semiconductor, wherein the porous semiconductor layer is formed of a plurality of columns of semiconductor materials standing on the surface of the porous substrate.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a conceptual structure of the porous semiconductor of the present invention.
- the porous semiconductor is composed of a porous substrate and a columnar body, which is a porous semiconductor layer grown perpendicular to the surface of the porous substrate.
- bacteria and organic substances floating in the fluid are filtered using the porous semiconductor as a filtration filter, bacteria and organic substances particles larger than the average pore diameter of the porous substrate are captured.
- An electrode may be formed on the porous semiconductor, and when a voltage is applied to the electrode, luminescence is generated by an electroluminescence phenomenon, whereby the captured bacteria and organic particles are sterilized and decomposed.
- the electrodes Instead of applying a voltage through the electrodes, it emits light by a photoluminescence phenomenon when irradiating a laser beam or the like, and emits by a force sodle luminescence phenomenon when irradiating an electron beam, and can be similarly sterilized and decomposed.
- the present invention has a function of capturing organic matter, bacteria, viruses, and the like on the surface or inside of a filter, and irradiating the filter with ultraviolet light for sterilization or decomposition.
- a filtration filter it is preferable to physically collect 100% due to the relationship between the trapped material such as bacteria and viruses and the pore size of the porous body. Even if a part of the structure is destroyed and the collected matter passes through the entire filter, there is an advantage that the ultraviolet rays can be used for sterilization by angle division.
- Figs. 18 (a) and 18 (c) correspond to this type of filter. In Fig. 18, black circles represent the target particles that are to be collected.
- the filtration layer also serves as the light emitting layer.
- the filtration layer and the light emitting layer are separate, Is trapped on the surface of the light emitting layer or the surface of the filtration layer.
- the pore size of the filter is larger than these bacteria, viruses, etc., it can function as a filter.
- the collected matter is decomposed or sterilized by irradiation with ultraviolet rays when transmitted through the filter without being collected by the filter.
- the pore diameter can be made larger than that of the trapped material, and therefore, there is a feature that a filter having excellent gas and liquid permeability can be obtained.
- the permeation performance increases as the pore diameter in the porous semiconductor layer increases, but if it is too large, the irradiation distance of the ultraviolet rays to the trapped object becomes longer and may be attenuated.
- the present invention can also be used as follows.
- relatively large suspended matter, etc. is collected by the filter function of the filter, and relatively small suspended matter, which is subject to decomposition and sterilization, is decomposed by ultraviolet irradiation while passing through the porous semiconductor layer. And sterilization can also be performed.
- the porous semiconductor layer when the porous semiconductor layer emits ultraviolet light of 254 nm, it has a strong bactericidal action. Therefore, for sterilization, the semiconductor layer emits ultraviolet light of 230 to 270 nm. It is preferable to emit light. Further, regarding organic matter decomposition, deep ultraviolet light of about 180 to 260 nm is most suitable. On the other hand, ultraviolet rays of 300 to 400 nm have a small function of directly breaking chemical bonds, but in this case, the column side of the electrode disposed on the surface of the column and / or the tip of the column. By coating the surface with particles having a photocatalytic function, organic substances can be decomposed.
- particles having a photocatalytic function absorb the ultraviolet rays and are excited to generate active oxygen radicals, which react with organic substances to decompose the organic substances.
- particles having a photocatalytic function include Ti 2 .
- the porous substrate the above-described metal materials or ceramics are preferable. When a conductive ceramic such as metal, SiC, or GaN is used as the substrate, these simultaneously serve as electrodes, so that a light-emitting element is manufactured. Sometimes convenient. When growing Z ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ skers as columnar bodies, it is preferable to use a silicon substrate as a base material because vertical growth of the whiskers is likely to occur.
- the pores in the porous substrate are preferably through holes perpendicular to the substrate surface, and the average pore diameter is preferably from 0.1 to 10 Om. Average pore size is 0 If it is less than ⁇ , the pressure loss at the time of filtration will increase and the permeation performance will decrease. On the other hand, if it exceeds ⁇ , large particles that cannot be decomposed or sterilized by ultraviolet light will also pass through. Further, by making the pores through holes perpendicular to the substrate surface, pressure loss during permeation can be minimized, and a filter having higher permeation performance can be obtained.
- the pillars may be whiskers, one of the pillar structures.
- the whisker has high crystallinity and few impurities and defects, and can emit light efficiently.
- the semiconductor layer composed of the columnar body or the oriented whiskers is preferably at least one of ZnO, GaN, A1N or diamond. Examples of the production method include the following examples.
- FIG. 14 (a) a substrate 21 made of an lb-type single crystal diamond having a (001) surface is prepared.
- a resist layer 22 is formed on the substrate 21, and a photomask 23 on which a two-dimensionally circular light shielding plate 23a is formed is disposed thereon.
- the pitch of each light shielding plate 23a of the photomask 23 is, for example, about 1 to about 50 / zm.
- a two-dimensional pattern is formed on the resist layer 22 at a position corresponding to the light shielding plate 23 a of the photomask 23 by a photolithography technique.
- a mask portion 24 corresponding to the above pattern of the resist layer 22 is formed by an etching technique.
- the substrate 21 is subjected to reactive ion etching (RIE) to form a plurality of columnar bodies 25 made of single-crystal diamond on the substrate 21.
- RIE reactive ion etching
- the columnar body 25 has a circular cross section, but may be a quadrangle, a triangle, or the like.
- the height of the columnar body 25 is preferably about 1 to about 20 / m, and the diameter of the columnar body 25 is preferably about 0.5 to about 10 / zm.
- the ratio (hereinafter, referred to as “aspect ratio”) is preferably about 1 to about 5.
- the reason why the reactive ion etching is used to form the columnar body 25 is that not only the raised columnar body 25 can be easily formed but also the portion where the columnar body 25 is formed. This is because other portions can be etched smoothly. It is preferable that the reactive gas used in the reactive ion etching is only O 2 or a mixed gas containing CF 4 and O 2 .
- a method other than reactive ion etching may be used.
- ion beam etching ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) etching
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
- Etching by Inductive Coupled Plasma can be used!
- the columnar body 25 is subjected to plasma etching in microwave plasma to form an electron emission portion 30.
- Plasma etching is carried out in a 100% oxygen gas at a reaction chamber temperature from room temperature to about 200 ° C and a pressure in the reaction chamber of 0.1 to 40 Pa (particularly, preferably around 5 Pa).
- the reaction chamber temperature is from room temperature to about 200 ° C
- the pressure in the reaction chamber is from 0.1 to 40 Pa. (Particularly preferably around 5 Pa).
- the plasma etching may be performed not in the microwave plasma but in another plasma such as a DC plasma, an arc jet plasma, or a flame plasma.
- the substrate 21 made of single crystal diamond is used, but a heteroepitaxy jar substrate or a highly oriented film substrate may be used.
- the substrate can be formed of polycrystalline diamond having different plane orientations.
- the substrate 21 is not limited to the (001) substrate, but may be a (100), (1 10), or (1 1 1) substrate.
- a method for producing a porous semiconductor comprising a porous substrate and columnar diamond. This will be described with reference to FIG.
- a diamond single crystal film is formed on a conductive silicon substrate. This is bonded to the porous substrate by an appropriate method.
- a light-shielding plate is formed on the surface of the diamond) i so as to have the shape shown in Fig. 15 (a). That is, a light-shielding plate having a structure in which circular aluminum light-shielding plates are connected to each other by a thin line is formed.
- the diamond portion without the light-shielding plate is etched to form a hole, and further, the silicon of the substrate is also etched, and finally the columnar body is formed as shown in Fig. 15 (b). It is formed.
- the diamond under the light shielding plate and the diamond beneath the linear part are also etched, so that only the linear light shielding plate remains, and the diamond below this part disappears. Will be destroyed.
- the diamond becomes sharp and the aluminum light shielding plate remains at the tip.
- the columnar body is composed of a base portion made of silicon and a sharpened portion located on the tip side of the base portion.
- the aluminum light shielding plate becomes the upper electrode as it is.
- the porous substrate first bonded to the silicon substrate becomes the back electrode as it is.
- the wavelength corresponding to the band gap of diamond is about 227 nm, but it is possible to increase the band gap by adding impurities to diamond to shift the emission to around 254 nm.
- Sterilization can be performed efficiently when the porous semiconductor emits ultraviolet light of 254 nm. Also, as shown in Fig. 16, by forming a pn junction during the formation of the diamond film, a pn junction is formed in the length direction of the columnar body. It has also been found that UV light can be emitted at the site. In order to obtain p-type diamond, B is used. In order to obtain n-type diamond, P or S, or a combination of both is effective as an additional element. The steps in FIGS. 16 (b) to (d) are the same as those described in FIG.
- the substrate can be coated directly with oriented ZnO oxide.
- zinc (C 5 H 7 0 2 ) 2 which is an alkoxide of zinc, is sublimated as a raw material at about 130 ° C. and transported by N 2 gas.
- oriented Z ⁇ ⁇ iskers can be obtained.
- the substrate temperature is about 550 to 600 ° C, the adhesion to the substrate is improved. Since this method grows whiskers at atmospheric pressure, it is highly practical as a low-cost process for porous semiconductors.
- high luminous efficiency can be obtained by forming a pn junction in the growth direction of Z ⁇ ⁇ isker.
- a 1 or Ga may be added to the raw material gas, and to obtain p-type, N, P, As, etc. may be added.
- the columnar body is not limited to diamond or Z ⁇ , but may be GaNAlN or a mixed crystal thereof.
- 5 Porous Semiconductor Formed by Depositing Semiconductor Particles on Porous Semiconductor Layer
- the present inventors have further described a preferred embodiment of the present invention relating to extremely efficient sterilization and decomposition of organic substances. As a result, it has been found that obtaining a porous semiconductor is effective in solving the above-mentioned problems. That is, as another preferred embodiment, a porous substrate having a communication hole and a porous semiconductor layer having a light-emitting function by electornoluminescence, cathodoluminescence or photoluminescence and having a communication hole are provided. A porous semiconductor, wherein the porous semiconductor layer is formed by depositing semiconductor particles having a light emitting function on the surface of the porous base material, wherein the porous semiconductor layer is provided. You.
- FIG. 22 shows a conceptual structure of a filter using the porous semiconductor of the present invention.
- the present invention comprises a porous substrate and a porous semiconductor layer.
- bacteria and organic substances floating in the fluid are filtered through a luminescent filter made of a porous semiconductor, bacteria and organic particles larger than the pore diameter of the porous semiconductor film are captured.
- Electrodes are formed on the porous semiconductor film, and when a voltage is applied to the electrodes, light is emitted due to an electroluminescence phenomenon. The irradiation of the light kills and kills the captured bacteria and organic particles. Decomposed.
- a photoluminescence phenomenon caused by laser light irradiation and a force luminescence phenomenon caused by electron beam irradiation can also be used.
- the porous semiconductor layer may be formed on the surface of the substrate, or may be formed inside the substrate. If the conductivity of the substrate is high, a back electrode may be formed on the back side of the substrate. When the conductivity of the base material is low, an electrode may be formed between the porous semiconductor layer and the porous base material unlike FIG.
- the electrode itself may be made of a porous material, or the material may be dense and have a porous structure, for example, a mesh-like shape.
- particles 1 mean small particles to be decomposed or sterilized
- particles 2 mean relatively large particles not to be decomposed or sterilized.
- Figure 22 (a) shows the relationship when the pore size of the filtered Z light-emitting layer (porous semiconductor layer) ⁇ the diameter of particle 1 ⁇ the diameter of particle 2; all particles are the filter function of the porous semiconductor layer.
- the particles 1 are decomposed or sterilized by ultraviolet light. In this case, basically, all particles are physically captured by the filter function.
- Fig. 23 when used for purifying gas as shown in Fig. 23, when there is no ultraviolet irradiation function, Even if trapped on one surface of the filter, it is released into the gas again, reducing the purification efficiency.
- UV irradiation function filter surface, Alternatively, all particles that have reached the vicinity are decomposed and sterilized.
- FIG. 22 (b) shows a diagram where the relationship of particle 2> diameter of filtration light emitting layer> pore of particle 1 is satisfied. Only the large particles 2 are trapped by the filter function of the porous semiconductor layer, and the small particles 1 pass through the filtration layer and the porous substrate, but are decomposed or sterilized by ultraviolet rays while passing through the filtration layer. In this case, since the pore size of the filtration layer may be larger than that in the case of FIG. 22 (a), there is an advantage that the filter basically has a high permeability.
- the wavelength and function of the ultraviolet light in the filtration filter are as described above. Although effective in decomposing organic substances as short wavelength, it is possible to decompose by the T i 0 2 photocatalyst particles coated child of the porous semiconductor layer with ultraviolet light on 3 0 0 ⁇ 4 0 0 nm or more. In order to exhibit such a function, it is necessary to select a semiconductor material that emits a corresponding wavelength as described above. In addition to the selection of the material, the doping of the well-known various impurity elements and the control of the amount of impurities can provide a porous semiconductor film that emits light of a desired wavelength, and can control electric resistance.
- the porous semiconductor film has a layered structure and is doped with an appropriate impurity to form a pn junction, so that luminous efficiency can be further increased.
- a method for manufacturing such a porous semiconductor film will be described with reference to FIG. 24, taking as an example a case where GaN is used as a semiconductor material.
- a GaN powder is dispersed in a liquid such as alcohol to prepare a suspension, which is filtered through a porous substrate to form a porous GaN porous deposition layer (cake layer). Formed on the surface of the porous substrate.
- a porous substrate having an average pore diameter smaller than the particle diameter of the GaN powder.
- a cake layer of p-type powder may be subsequently formed.
- GaN powder is simply laminated instead of a pn junction structure, light can be emitted by passing an alternating current through the electrodes. Since the GaN powder is oxidized even in the air and an oxide film is formed on the surface, the GaN powder appears to be embedded in the oxide insulating layer, and thus an AC voltage is applied. It is said that light is emitted through the exchange of charge at the interface between the GaN and the oxide layer.
- an insulating layer may be formed on the surface of the GaN powder by using another process. It material of the insulating layer is good even S i O 2, or an oxide of G a such G a 2 0 3. The oxide of G a can be formed simply by heating the G a N powder in the atmosphere, so that it is simple.
- the insulating layer may be a substance having a photocatalytic function, such as a T io 2.
- the thickness of the photocatalyst layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, but this is not always the case if the particle size of the photocatalyst particles is small. Coating of these insulating layers can be sufficiently performed by a general sol-gel method or a gas phase method. On the other hand, when a pn junction structure is formed, light can be emitted by passing a direct current.
- the average particle size of the semiconductor particles is preferably 0.01 to 5 / m.
- the particle size of the semiconductor particles is smaller than 0.01 / xm, carriers (electrons and holes) are trapped on the surface of the particles, and the luminous efficiency generally decreases, which is not preferable. This is because unpaired electron pairs called dangling bonds on the particle surface trap carriers. Therefore, even if the particle diameter is smaller than 0.01 m, if the surface of the particle is surrounded by another substance, the quantum size effect inherent to the nanoparticle is exhibited, and the emission intensity is increased. Most effective is a core / chenoli structure in which the nanoparticles are dispersed in matrix particles of a certain size.
- the material of such a shell may be either an inorganic substance or an organic substance, but when the semiconductor or the insulator has a band gap larger than that of the core semiconductor particles, the carrier is confined in the core particles. It is preferable that the thickness of the porous semiconductor layer be small, in which a quantum confinement phenomenon occurs and higher luminous efficiency is obtained. If it is thick, it is necessary to increase the voltage when emitting light. However, on the other hand, when the porous semiconductor layer is thick, the surface area of the semiconductor particles becomes large, and the efficiency of decomposition and sterilization when used as a filter is increased, which is preferable.
- the GaN powders are only in contact with each other, so that even if a voltage is applied after the electrodes are formed, the emission intensity is not so high.
- the sample after the cake layer is formed is placed in a normal GaN film coating furnace, and a treatment is performed so as to appropriately fill the gaps between the GaN particles.
- a method of such processing for example, There is a method.
- the porous substrate on which the cake layer is formed is placed in the furnace, and the substrate is kept at about 600 ° C.
- This is transported onto the base material and reacts with NH 3 gas introduced from another port to neck the GaN particles formed on the porous base material to form a GaN porous film.
- the porous substrate supporting the porous semiconductor film is desirably the above-mentioned ceramic or metal material, and the average pore diameter is also preferably from 0.01 to 100 ⁇ m.
- a device provided with an insulating layer or a device provided with a porous semiconductor layer in which semiconductor particles are dispersed in the insulating layer can be provided.
- a porous semiconductor comprising: a porous base material having a communication hole; and a porous semiconductor layer having a communication hole and having a light emitting function by electroluminescence, force luminescence, or photoluminescence.
- An electrode is formed on the upper or lower surface of the porous substrate, a porous insulating layer, a porous semiconductor layer, and a porous insulating layer are laminated on the porous substrate, and further, an electrode is formed on the upper surface;
- the semiconductor layer emits ultraviolet light by electroluminescence when an AC voltage is applied between the electrodes, has a band gap of 3.2 eV or more, and is doped with Gd which is a light emission center.
- a porous semiconductor comprising: a porous base material having a communication hole; and a porous semiconductor layer having a light emission function by electroluminescence, force luminescence, or photoluminescence, and having a communication hole.
- An electrode is formed on an upper surface or a lower surface of the base material, the porous semiconductor layer is formed by dispersing semiconductor particles in an insulating layer, an electrode is formed on the porous semiconductor layer, and the porous semiconductor layer is formed by: Ultraviolet light is emitted by electroluminescence when an AC voltage is applied between the electrodes, and the semiconductor particles have a band gap of 3.2 eV or more and are doped with Gd, which is the emission center. Characterized porosity A quality semiconductor is provided.
- FIG. 29 shows the concept of the double insulating structure according to this embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is an electrode
- 2 is a porous insulating layer
- 3 is a porous semiconductor layer
- 4 is a porous substrate.
- the porous substrate has conductivity, it can be used as a back electrode as shown in FIG. 29 (b).
- FIG. 30 shows a particle-dispersed structure according to another aspect of the present invention.
- 1 is an electrode
- 2 is a porous insulating layer
- 5 is a semiconductor particle
- 4 is a porous substrate
- 6 is a porous light-emitting layer (porous semiconductor layer).
- the surface of the semiconductor particles 5 is covered with the insulating layer 2, but a structure in which the semiconductor particles and the particles of the insulating layer are mixed may be used.
- the layer of the semiconductor particles covered with the insulating layer or the layer in which the semiconductor particles and the insulating layer particles are mixed forms the porous semiconductor layer of the present invention as a whole.
- ZnF 2 : Gd system As a semiconductor material which emits ultraviolet light with high luminance, ZnF 2 : Gd system is known. The inventors have found that by making this semiconductor material porous, it is possible to obtain a porous semiconductor that emits light at higher luminance than when GaN Z ⁇ or the like is made porous.
- this embodiment is characterized in that Gd is doped in a semiconductor having a band gap of 3.2 eV or more. Due to the voltage applied between the electrodes, electrons called hot electrons are injected into the semiconductor layer, and are accelerated by an electric field to excite Gd ions, which are emission centers, from the ground state. When the excited Gd ion transitions to the ground state, it emits light with a wavelength corresponding to the energy lost. In the case of Gd, the wavelength of the emitted light is about 311 nm UV. Ultraviolet light of 311 nm is particularly effective in decomposing dioxin.
- the band gap of the semiconductor doped with Gd is set to 3.2 eV or more.
- the band gap of the semiconductor combined with Gd as the emission center is 4.0 eV or more. In this case, the semiconductor transmits all light of 310 nm or more, so the absorption is zero.
- a mixed crystal of the A 1 NG a N system in which the composition ratio of A 1 is increased can also have a band gap of 4.0 eV or more.
- a 1 N is also acceptable.
- diamond is preferable because of its large band gap of 5.47 eV.
- Mg S and the like are one of the candidate materials. This When such a semiconductor material is used, much stronger ultraviolet rays can be generated than when GaN, ZnO, or the like is used.
- insulating layer Ta 2 0 5, T i O 2, A 1 2 0 3, S i O 2, B a T I_ ⁇ 3, PBT I_ ⁇ 3, P b Z r 0 3 , S r T i O 3, S i 3 N 4 or the like material is used.
- a resin having properties as a dielectric may be used.
- the insulating material the higher the dielectric constant is, the higher the voltage applied to the semiconductor layer is, which is preferable. On the other hand, in that case, there is a disadvantage that the semiconductor is easily broken down, which has a conflicting effect.
- the use in particular Pick those that exhibit T I_ ⁇ photocatalytic function by ultraviolet rays, including 2, capable of degrading an organic substance or harmful gas components and the like.
- UV emitted from the luminescent center is excited to T io 2, to generate radicals and holes, which decomposes organic matter.
- T io 2 the structure which uniformly coat the T i 0 2 on the surface of the semi-conductor particles, since all the ultraviolet light emitted from the semiconductor particles is exciting the T io 2, to exert the photocatalytic function is The most efficient.
- a porous T i 0 2 layer may be formed on the surface of the insulating layer, or T i 0 may be formed on the pore wall of the porous substrate.
- For expression in higher efficiency photocatalytic action is to increase the surface area with a T io 2 layer, it is important to increase the surface area in contact with the gas body and the liquid to be treated. Therefore, when the particle size of the Ti 0 2 particles constituting the porous Ti 0 2 layer is reduced, or when Ti 0 2 is used for the insulating layer in a particle dispersion type structure, the semiconductor particles themselves are atomized. It becomes important.
- anatase type photocatalytic function as T io 2 is generally, it may be a rutile type slightly smaller band gap than ⁇ anatase type.
- a photocatalyst that works with visible light such as a ⁇ i-O—N system, may be used.
- the light emitted from the porous semiconductor layer does not need to be ultraviolet light, but may be visible light.
- the semiconductor particles are remarkably atomized, the band gap of the semiconductor material is widened, and a quantum size effect appears, so that a shorter wavelength (greater energy) than a wavelength corresponding to the band gap inherent in the material. In some cases, light emission may occur.
- the threshold voltage for light emission may be reduced, and power consumption may be expected to decrease, or light emission at higher luminance may be accompanied. Therefore, atomization of semiconductor particles is effective in improving product performance.
- particles having the core / shell type structure described above are preferable.
- the electrode itself is porous, or the electrode structure has a porous structure. Use what you have.
- the porous structure is, for example, a mesh or a spiral type. If an indium-tin-tin transparent conductive film (ITO film) is used for the electrode, the ultraviolet light emitted from the light-emitting layer can be extracted to the outside without loss. Is valid.
- ITO film indium-tin-tin transparent conductive film
- the porous semiconductor according to the present invention can be manufactured by various methods. For example, a method of forming a porous layer called a cake layer by filtering a powder constituting a semiconductor or an insulating layer through a porous substrate, and forming pores by electrochemically anodizing a dense semiconductor film. And a method using semiconductor whiskers.
- the semiconductor constituting the light-emitting layer for example, Z nF 2: Gd after mixing Z nF 2 powder and Ga F 3 powder at a predetermined composition, obtained by, for example calcined in an inert gas. Rere good even with G d C 1 3, G a 0 2 or the like instead of the G d F 3. The same is true for A l N: Gd.
- Gd Gd.
- a porous body which emits visible light or ultraviolet light based on a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) porous body, and uses this as a porous semiconductor layer.
- a porous semiconductor was completed. That is, a porous semiconductor comprising: a porous base material having a communication hole; and a porous semiconductor layer having a communication hole and a light emitting function by electroluminescence, force luminescence, or photoluminescence, and having a communication hole.
- the porous semiconductor layer is a silicon nitride porous body composed of columnar Si 3 N 4 particles having an average aspect ratio of 3 or more and an oxide-based bonding phase containing at least one rare earth element, Alternatively, it is a porous semiconductor that emits ultraviolet light.
- the Si 3 N 4 porous body of the present invention has the following features. That is,
- the pore size of the porous body of the present invention is determined by the structure itself of the Si 3 N 4 porous body, the pore size control is easy.
- the strength as a structure is high.
- the permeation performance when used as a filter is determined by the pore shape and pore diameter of the Si 3 N 4 porous body, the permeation performance is high. ⁇ Low thermal shock resistance
- the oxide-based binder phase itself has a wavelength. It has been found that it has a function of emitting ultraviolet light of 400 nm or less.
- the Si 3 N 4 is dissolved and reprecipitated in the Sio 2 -rare earth oxide-based liquid phase formed during the sintering process, but some of the Si and N remain in the liquid phase.
- Si—O—N—rare earth element compounds are formed in the binder phase after the porous structure is formed.
- the Y 2 O 3 additive system YS i 0 2 N, YNS i 0 2, Y 2 S i 2 0 7, Y 2 S i 3 N 4 0 3, Y 4. 67 (S i 0 4) 3 0, Y 8 S i 4 N 4 0 14 and the like are generated. Some of these are amorphous and some are crystallized.
- These oxides or oxynitrides have a large band gap and have a potential as a base material for emitting ultraviolet light.
- a material in which Gd is added to these base materials is irradiated with, for example, an ultraviolet ray or the like having a wavelength of 300 nm or less as an excitation light source, the energy of these excitation rays causes the energy in the Gd ion to be increased.
- an electron is directly or indirectly excited from the ground state to the excited state and transitions to the ground state again, it emits energy as light.
- the emission wavelength from Gd ions is about 311 nm.
- the Si 3 N 4 porous body can be produced as follows.
- Rare earth elements are Sc, Y, and elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71.
- S i 0 2 present on the surface of the G d 2 0 3 and the raw material S i 3 N 4 to form a liquid phase at sintering temperature, S in this When a part of i 3 N 4 is dissolved and reprecipitated, columnar grown S i 3 N 4 particles are generated to create a porous structure.
- the liquid phase component solidifies during the cooling process and exists as a binder phase on the surface of the Si 3 N 4 particles or at the grain boundary between the Si 3 N 4 particles.
- Bonded phases Ri oxide or oxynitride der of S i- O- N_G d system, Gd S i O 2 N, GdNS i 0 2, Gd 2 S i 2 0 7, Gd 2 S i 3 N 4 ⁇ 3, Gd 4. 67 (S i O 4) 3 0, there is a possibility of such G d 8 S i 4 N 4 O 4, which are amorphous or crystalline.
- Light emission is caused by the energy transition between the ground state and the excited state of the 4d orbital or 5d orbital of the Gd ion, which is the luminescent center, existing in these base compounds.
- Gd When Gd is added, relatively inexpensive Y may be added at the same time (Gd 2 O 3 —Y 2 O 3 auxiliary). in this case The emission intensity of ultraviolet light is slightly reduced.
- the 3 i 3 N 4 particles the surface of the S i 3 1 ⁇ 4 porous, or particles having a photocatalytic function may be coated with film.
- the photocatalytic function It can be used very efficiently.
- the photocatalyst typically is T i 0 2 material that serves the function by ultraviolet is the main, in recent years photocatalyst to exert function in visible light has been developed.
- rare earth elements other than Gd are added, Eu generally emits visible light, such as red (Eu 3+ ) or blue (Eu 2+ ), 11 £ 1: green, and Tm blue.
- a photocatalyst that functions with visible light may be used.
- photocatalysts that function in visible light have lower photocatalytic functions than photocatalysts that function in ultraviolet light.
- the porous Si 3 N 4 itself can be used as a fluorescent material for various displays.
- the photocatalyst in addition to the purpose of decomposing organic substances and sterilizing bacteria, can also exert a superhydrophilicity-imparting effect.
- a waste liquid containing water as a main component is filtered with a Si 3 N 4 porous filter, the resistance when passing through the inside of the filter is reduced, so that the filter having better permeation performance is used. be able to.
- a deposited layer or film of particles having a photocatalytic function may be formed on the surface of the porous Si 3 N 4 instead of the surface of each Si 3 N 4 particle.
- the photocatalytic layer has a structure in which the porous Si 3 N 4 light emitting layer and the photocatalyst layer are separated, the degree to which the emitted visible light or ultraviolet light is irradiated on the photocatalyst is determined by the amount of each Si 3 N 4 particle. It is lower than when the surface is coated with a photocatalyst. As a result, the photocatalytic function is relatively reduced, but this structure may be used.
- the most preferred embodiment of the present invention is to generate ultraviolet light by adding Gd.
- Gd ultraviolet rays of 311 nm are radiated most strongly, but the wavelength may shift to a longer wavelength side depending on the kind of base material, crystallinity and the like. In general, the higher the crystallinity of the base semiconductor material, the sharper the emission spectrum having a peak near 311 nm and the higher the emission intensity.
- the average particle ratio of the columnar particles of the prepared Si 3 N 4 porous material is preferably 3 or more. If it is less than 3, the JIS three-point bending strength of the porous body is less than 100 MPa, and the thermal shock resistance is reduced, and the porosity is less than 30% due to densification during sintering. And the transmission performance decreases.
- the aspect ratio is basically the ratio of the rare earth oxide, which is an auxiliary, to the amount of Sio 2 on the surface of the raw material Si 3 N 4 powder, the amount of the carbon-containing component used as a binder when mixing the powder, And sintering temperature.
- the sintering temperature is determined by the temperature at which the liquid phase appears. For example, in the Y 2 O 3 auxiliary system, the liquid phase appearance temperature of the Sio 2 _Y 2 O 3 system is about 1750 ° C, so by increasing this temperature or higher, the amount of columnar Si 3 N 4 particles generated Increase.
- sintering aid amount is large, the increased binder phase content which is present on the surface of the S i 3 N 4 particles, although the preferred emission intensity than increased, if too much is columnar S i 3 N 4 particles generated No longer.
- An appropriate amount of the sintering aid is about 4 to 15 wt% based on the Si 3 N 4 powder. If the amount is smaller than this, columnar Si 3 N 4 particles are less likely to be generated.
- the aspect ratio tends to increase.
- S i 0 2 of S i 3 N 4 surface is reduced by the carbon becomes a composition resulting rich in rare earth oxide becomes high Asupeku Ratio.
- ⁇ -type Si 3 N 4 powder is usually used, but] type 3 may be used. Since the cast is easier to dissolve in the liquid phase, the columnar particles tend to grow and have a high aspect ratio.
- the columnar particles become coarser and the pore size increases.
- a sub-micron size Si 3 N 4 powder having a small particle size distribution.
- the average pore diameter of the Si 3 N 4 porous body formed at this time is preferably about 0.1 to 5 ⁇ .
- a small amount of an element that promotes grain growth such as Fe may be added to the auxiliary agent.
- the Si 3 N 4 porous body of the present invention has a function of emitting ultraviolet light when an AC voltage is applied, when used as a filter combined with a photocatalyst, it has high transmission performance, excellent processing ability, high strength and high thermal shock resistance. It is a highly reliable ceramic filter with a new function that can simultaneously decompose and sterilize organic substances. In particular, when a water-based liquid such as wastewater is filtered, the super-hydrophilicity is developed, so that the permeability is further improved.
- the silicon nitride porous body of the present invention can generate ultraviolet rays even when Nd or Tm is used as a rare earth element, or can generate visible light by using Y, Eu, or Tb. it can. In this case, it can be used as a lightweight, high-strength and highly reliable phosphor. Further, it is also possible to S i A l ON that contains A 1 and oxygen to S i 3 N 4 (the sialon) to the porous body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure and operation of the filtration filter of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an apparatus for obtaining the filtration filter of the present invention by a chemical transport method.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus for obtaining the filtration filter of the present invention by the CVD method.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for obtaining the filtration filter of the present invention by a sublimation method.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a process for obtaining the filtration filter of the present invention by an electric heating method.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a structure when an electrode is attached to the filtration filter of the present invention and its operation.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the filtration filter of the present invention having a pn junction structure.
- FIG. 8 is a light emission spectrum of the porous semiconductor obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus used for the evaluation test.
- FIG. 10 shows the light emission spectrum of the porous semiconductor obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus used in Example 3 for manufacturing a GaN porous semiconductor.
- FIG. 12 is a luminescence spectrum of the GaN porous semiconductor obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a conceptual structure of the porous semiconductor of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a process diagram showing a process for producing a columnar body of diamond.
- FIG. 15 is a process diagram showing a process for producing a porous semiconductor in which the pillars are diamond.
- FIG. 16 is a process chart showing a process for producing a porous semiconductor in which the pillars are diamond in which pn bonds are formed.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a configuration of the porous semiconductor produced in Example 4.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a use form of the porous semiconductor of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a light-emitting spectrum of the porous semiconductor manufactured in Example 4.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a porous semiconductor manufacturing apparatus according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 shows emission spectra of Samples 7 and 8 manufactured in Example 5.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an outline of the structure of the porous semiconductor of the present invention and a usage pattern.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a usage pattern when a fluid is processed using the porous semiconductor of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process in the case of manufacturing a porous semiconductor layer using GaN as a semiconductor material.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process in the case of manufacturing a porous semiconductor layer having a pn junction using GaN as a semiconductor material.
- FIG. 26 shows a light-emitting spectrum of the porous semiconductor produced in Example 6.
- FIG. 27 is a light emission spectrum of a porous semiconductor having a pn junction manufactured in Example 7.
- FIG. 28 shows a light-emitting spectrum of the porous semiconductor produced in Example 8.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the porous semiconductor of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of another porous semiconductor of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 shows the emission spectra of the porous Si 3 N 4 materials of Nos. 36, 38, and 41 of Example 13.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic configuration diagram of the monolithic filtration filter manufactured in Example 14. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- a porous material made of SUS316 having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 1 mm coated with Au by a sputtering method using 5OA was used as a substrate.
- the porosity of the substrate was 50%, and the pore diameter was 10 ⁇ m.
- a mixed powder of ZnO powder and graphite powder having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m was placed on an alumina boat, and the base material was placed in a tubular furnace maintained at a temperature of 925 ° C in an Ar gas stream at atmospheric pressure. And heated for 30 minutes.
- the raw material powder was set at the center of the furnace tube, and the base material was set at the downstream side, which was maintained at a temperature slightly lower than the center.
- Whiskers were formed on the substrate surface after heating. As a result of X-ray diffraction, the whisker was found to be ZnO. From the obtained sample, the following sample 1 and sample 2 were produced.
- Example 1 Electrodes were formed on the surface of the whiskers and the substrate surface of the sample.
- Sample 2 A solution was prepared by dissolving titanium isopropoxide T i (OC 2 H 5 ) 4 as an alkoxide reagent for titanium in ethanol. After spraying the solution on Z n O Uisuka surface of specimen in air, it was coated with T i 0 2 in Z n O surface by heating 1 hour pressurized at a temperature 500 ° C. Next, electrodes were formed on the surface of the whiskers and the substrate surface.
- Fig. 8 shows the results. As shown in the figure, only emission at a wavelength of 370 nm corresponding to the band edge wavelength of Z ⁇ was confirmed.
- sample 2 was loaded in the SUS holder.
- diesel particulate (DP) with an average particle size of 5 / m was sprayed into a tank with a volume of 10 liters as shown in Fig. 9 (b) to obtain a gas with a concentration of 100 ppm.
- the SUS holder of (a) loaded with the sample was connected to the tank. While applying voltage to sample 2, gas was supplied from the whiskers side of sample 2 and circulated and filtered for 2 hr. The DP concentration in the tank after 2 hours was measured and found to be zero. Also, almost no DP was present on the Z ⁇ surface.
- the concentration of DP after 2 hours did not reach zero at 30 ppm, and a large amount of DP was present on the ZnO surface.
- a porous SiC body having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 1 mm was used as a substrate.
- the porosity was 50% and the pore size was 10 ⁇ .
- A1 powder (purity: 99.99%, 0.01% Mg as an impurity) and a porous SiC substrate loaded in a crucible were placed in an ultra-high temperature furnace. After the pressure inside the furnace was reduced to near vacuum, the temperature of the raw material was raised to 2000-2200 ° C and the temperature of the substrate was raised to 1900 ° C. Subsequently, N 2 gas was introduced to maintain the furnace pressure at 40 kPa. Then hold for 2 hr And cooled to room temperature.
- Whiskers were formed on the substrate surface after heating. As a result of X-ray diffraction, the whisker was found to be A 1 N.
- the sample obtained by setting the temperature of the raw material section to 2200 ° C and having electrodes formed on the surface of the whisker and the substrate surface is referred to as [Sample 3]. The following evaluation was performed on Samples 3 and 4 with the sample formed as [Sample 4].
- Escherichia coli (average size: 0.5 / im) was sprayed into a 10-liter tank shown in Fig. 9 (b) to obtain a gas with a concentration of 100 ppm.
- the tank was connected to the SUS holder of (a) loaded with the sample.
- gas was supplied from the whiskers side of the sample, and circulating filtration was performed for 5 hours.
- sample 3 was zero, but sample 4 was 5 ppm.
- a large number of dead E. coli was present on the surface of the A 1 N whisker of Samples 3 and 4.
- a SUS 316 porous body having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 1 mm was used as a base material.
- the porosity was 40% and the pore size was 3 / im.
- the average particle size Place 1 mixed powder of G a 2 0 3 powder and graphite powder im an alumina boat, which a the base NH 3 _N 2 - H 2 gas stream, is inserted into a tubular furnace held at a temperature 900 ° C LHR Heated.
- the raw material powder was placed at the center of the furnace tube, and the base material was placed downstream at 650 ° C, which was lower than the center. Whiskers were formed on the substrate surface after heating. As a result of X-ray diffraction, it was found that the whisker was G a N.
- Electrodes were formed on the surface of the whiskers and the substrate surface of the sample.
- Example 6 A solution was prepared by dissolving titanium isopropoxide T i (OC 2 H 5 ) 4 as an alkoxide reagent for titanium in ethanol. This solution was sprayed onto the surface of the GaN whiskers of the sample, and then heated in air at a temperature of 500 ° C. for 1 hour to coat the GaN surface with TiO 2 . Next, electrodes were formed on the surface of the whiskers and the substrate surface.
- the sample 5 was energized, and the emission wavelength and intensity were measured. The results are shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, only emission of a wavelength of 367 nm, which is almost equivalent to the band edge wavelength of G a N, was confirmed.
- the NOx gas was sprayed into a tank having a capacity of 10 liters shown in FIG. 9 (b) to obtain a gas having a concentration of 100 ppm.
- Sample 4 was loaded into a SUS holder as shown in Fig. 9 (a).
- the tank was connected to the SUS holder of (a) loaded with the sample.
- gas was supplied from the whiskers side of the sample, and circulating filtration was performed for 2 hours.
- the NO X concentration in the tank after 2 hours was measured and found to be zero.
- the NOx concentration after 2 hours did not change to 100 ppm.
- the present embodiment corresponds to a porous semiconductor layer composed of a column and is an example in which diamond is used as the column.
- an 8 m-thick Si substrate to which a porous stainless steel substrate with a porosity of 50% and an average pore diameter of 0.2 / m was bonded was prepared, and a single-crystal diamond was placed on its (100) surface.
- the doping element was P or B.
- a fine linear mask with a line width of 0.5 // m was formed two-dimensionally by using photolithography technology and connecting a fine circle of A1 with a diameter of 3 / im and connecting them. .
- the pitch of the circle was 5 ⁇ m.
- the diamond film had a structure in which an n-type layer having a thickness of 2 ⁇ was formed on Si, and a p-type layer having a thickness of 2 // m was formed thereon.
- the substrate was subjected to reactive ion etching for 4 hours under the conditions of 5.3 Pa and 220 W, and the diameter was 4 mm.
- a columnar body with a height of 3 / im and a height of 12 / m was formed.
- C0 2 (mo 1) / H 2 (mo 1) 0. 005 set in formation in the gas, the substrate temperature of about 1045 ° C, pressure 13. 3 k P a, microwave Pas
- the column was subjected to plasma etching for 5 hours under the condition of 440 W.
- a porous semiconductor was obtained, as shown in Fig. 17, in which a columnar body having a portion whose shape was dependent on the plane orientation of diamond and a sharp portion located on the tip side of the portion was formed.
- the diamond column had a diameter of 3 m, a height of 12 / xm, a pitch of 5 ⁇ m, and a sharp apex of 0.5 / m in diameter.
- a mesh-shaped aluminum electrode remained on the surface of the diamond column.
- Escherichia coli (average size: 0.5 / m) is sprayed into an air cylinder with a volume of 10 liters to produce a gas with a concentration of 100 ppm, and the gas is applied from the column side of the porous semiconductor while applying voltage. Feed and circulated for 5 hrs. After 5 hours, the concentration of E. coli in the tank was measured. For comparison, the same filtration was performed without applying a voltage.
- E. coli in the gas is collected on the porous substrate surface by circulating filtration.If no voltage is applied, the concentration in the tank decreases to 50 ppm, but the porous substrate Live Escherichia coli can remain on the surface Do you get it. When a voltage was applied, ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 254 nm was generated, and it was considered that E. coli bacteria were directly destroyed and killed.
- Example 5
- the present embodiment corresponds to a case where the porous semiconductor layer is a columnar body having Z ⁇ .
- a porous SiC material having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 5 mm was used.
- the porosity of the substrate was 50%, and the average pore size was 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the Z n (C 5 H 7 0 2) 2 which is the main raw material was loaded into the vaporizer, sublimated by heating to 130 ° C, and conveyed by A r gas, which slit-shaped The nozzle was sprayed vertically onto a porous substrate held at 600 ° C for 35 minutes on a heating table equipped with a heater. The nozzle was scanned at a speed of 5 mm / min.
- the second vaporizer is charged with A 1 (OC 2 H 5 ) 3 as raw material 2 and vaporized at a temperature of 210 ° C.
- the third vaporizer is supplied with PO (OC 2 H 5 ) as raw material 3 5 ) 3 was charged and vaporized at 120 ° C.
- a small amount of the A 1 (OC 2 H 5 ) 3 component is added, for the next 5 minutes there is no added element, and for the next 15 minutes, a small amount of the PO (OC 2 H 5 ) 3 component is added.
- ZnO whiskers were grown perpendicularly to the substrate to obtain Sample 7.
- a whisker without any additional element was grown in the same manner as Sample 8, and Sample 8 was obtained.
- whiskers with a diameter of 0.5 ⁇ and a length of 10 ⁇ were grown at an interval of 10 ⁇ perpendicular to the substrate.
- the whisker was ⁇ grown on the substrate surface along the c-axis.
- a mesh-shaped Au foil porous body with a through-hole with an average pore diameter of 5 ⁇ , porosity of 50%
- the mixture was heated at a temperature of 1100 ° C. for bonding. The following evaluation was performed using this.
- FIG. 21 shows a relative comparison of the emission intensities of (a) sample 8 and (b) sample 7.
- a spectrum having an emission center at about 370 nm was obtained.
- a higher emission intensity was obtained than in sample 8 (Fig. 21 (a)).
- the porous semiconductor of Example 6 was produced as follows, and the obtained device was About it. Here, a porous semiconductor layer was formed by depositing semiconductor particles.
- porous substrate a porous SiC material having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of lmm was used.
- the porosity was 50% and the average pore size was 2 ⁇ m.
- the heat-treated GaN powder was dispersed in a 10% ethanol solution of titanium isopropoxide, Ti (OC 2 H 5 ) 4 , and then only the powder was recovered from the suspension and dried. Then, in the atmosphere, and 1 hr heat treatment at 500 ° C, the porous T i 0 2 film was 0. 8 / im co one coating to G aN Powder surface.
- step 2 The suspension of step 2 was filtered through the porous substrate of step 1 to coat a 2 m porous GaN layer.
- the differential pressure before and after filtration was set at 0.1 IMPa. Then, it was dried at room temperature and further heat-treated at 450 ° C in air.
- Mesh Au was coated on the back surface of the porous substrate and the surface of the GaN layer by a sputtering method to form electrodes.
- FIG. 26 shows the spectrum obtained as the measurement result.
- FIG. 26 (a) shows a case where no heat treatment was performed in step 2 and the emission intensity was a broad spectrum. However, when the heat treatment shown in FIG. 26 (b) was performed, only band edge emission of GaN was observed. This is probably because the heat treatment improved the crystallinity.
- NO 2 gas was sprayed into an air cylinder with a volume of 10 liters to obtain a gas with a concentration of 50 p. While applying voltage, or Without application, gas was supplied from the semiconductor layer side of the sample and circulating filtration was performed for 2 hours. After 2 hr, the NO 2 concentration in the tank was measured.
- the porous semiconductor of Example 7 was produced as follows, and the obtained device was evaluated. Here, a porous semiconductor layer was formed by depositing semiconductor particles.
- porous substrate a porous SiC material having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 1 mm was used.
- the porosity was 50% and the average pore size was 2 ⁇ m.
- a predetermined amount of GaN powder and 2 wt% of methylcellulose are dispersed in ethanol as an organic binder to a concentration of 300 p!
- the suspension 8 of 11 was used.
- the suspension A of Step 2 was filtered through the porous substrate of Step 1 to coat the n-type porous GaN layer with 1 Aim.
- the differential pressure before and after filtration was set at 0.1 IMPa.
- the suspension B of the step 2 was filtered to coat the p-type porous GaN layer with 1 // m.
- the filtration conditions were such that the differential pressure before and after filtration was 0. IMPa.
- Titanium isopropoxide T i (OC 2 H 5 4 ) was dissolved in ethanol to prepare a solution. After immersing the sample of step 3 in this solution, it was heated in the air at a temperature of 500 ° C. for 1 hour to coat the GaN powder surface with TiO 2 .
- Mesh Au was coated on the back surface of the porous substrate and the surface of the GaN layer by a sputtering method to form electrodes.
- FIG. 27 shows the emission spectrum of the measurement results.
- FIG. 27 also shows the results of Example 6 after the heat treatment for 2 hours. Only the band edge emission of G a N was observed as in Example 6, but the emission intensity was greatly improved. This is probably because the pn junction was introduced.
- S 0 2 concentration after 2 hr was completely decomposed becomes zero. This is because the SO 2 gas permeated through the porous semiconductor layer was decomposed by a photocatalyst excited by ultraviolet rays. In the sample of Example 6, S 0 2 concentration was reduced to 3 2 0 ppm. It is considered that the reason for this is that the device of Example 7 emitted light with high brightness by the pn junction, so that the decomposition efficiency was further improved. On the other hand, when circulating filtration was performed without applying a voltage, the SO 2 concentration after 2 hours did not change to 500 ppm.
- the porous semiconductor light-emitting device of Example 8 was produced as follows, and the obtained device was evaluated.
- a porous semiconductor layer was formed by depositing semiconductor particles.
- Process 1 As the porous substrate, a porous Si 3 N 4 material having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 1 mm was used. The porosity was 50% and the average pore size was 1 / im. A mesh-shaped Au electrode was formed at 0.5 / m on one surface of the porous substrate.
- a predetermined amount of A 1 N powder and 2 wt% of methylcellulose based on the powder were dispersed in ethanol as an organic binder to prepare a suspension A having a concentration of 300 ppm.
- p-type A 1 N powder having an average particle size of 1.4 / zm was placed in a sapphire crucible and heat-treated at 880 ° C. in a vacuum (degree of vacuum: 10 _4 Pa) for 2 hours.
- a predetermined amount of A1N powder and 2 wt% of methylcellulose based on the powder were dispersed in ethanol as an organic binder to prepare a suspension B having a concentration of 300 ppm.
- the suspension A of the step 2 was filtered from the Au electrode side of the porous substrate of the step 1 to coat the n-type porous A 1 N layer with 1 // m.
- the filtration conditions were such that the differential pressure before and after filtration was 0. IMPa.
- the suspension B of step 2 was filtered to coat the p-type porous A 1N layer with 1 ⁇ .
- the differential pressure before and after the filtration was set to 0.1 MPa.
- the A1N layer surface was coated with mesh Au by sputtering to form an electrode.
- Escherichia coli (average particle size 0.5 ⁇ ) was sprayed into a 10-liter air cylinder to obtain a gas with a concentration of 150 ppm.
- the gas was supplied from the semiconductor layer side of the sample with or without applying a voltage, and circulating filtration was performed for 2 hours. After 2 hours, the concentration of E. coli in the tank was measured.
- a porous semiconductor in which semiconductor particles were dispersed in an insulating layer was manufactured and evaluated as follows.
- a porous SiC material having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 1 mm was used as a plate-like porous substrate.
- the porosity was 50% and the average pore size was 1 ⁇ m.
- the following semiconductor powder was prepared.
- Z n F 2 G d
- G d average particle size 0.1 m, purity 99.999% of Z n F 2 powder with an average particle size of 0.1 111, purity 99.999% of GdF 3 powder
- ZnF 2 Gd powders of various particle sizes.
- Gd was 3mo 1% of the whole. This was pulverized to recover powder having an average particle size of l / im, 0.1 / xm, and 0.05 ⁇ m.
- step 2 Disperse the various powders in step 2 in a 5% ethanol solution of titanium isopropoxide Ti (OC 2 H 5 ) 4 for each powder, then collect and dry only the various powders from the suspension, and then in air , was heat-treated for 1 hour at 500 ° C, the porous T i 0 2 film was 0. 01 / m coating the semiconductor powder surface.
- T i O 2 was used as a suspension of dispersed by concentration 300 ppm in ethanol predetermined amount of the semiconductor powder quotes Ingu.
- the suspension of the step 3 was filtered through the porous substrate of the step 1 to form a semiconductor particle-dispersed porous semiconductor layer of 1 ⁇ on the surface of the porous substrate. Filtration conditions are before and after filtration was set to 0. IMP a. Then, it was dried at room temperature and further heat-treated at 450 ° C. in the air.
- Mesh-shaped Au was coated on the back surface of the porous substrate and the surface of the light emitting layer by a sputtering method to form electrodes.
- Porous semiconductor samples 9 to 13 having the materials and physical properties shown in Table 1 below were obtained.
- Z n F 2 ivy time is also shorter and to completely decompose trichlorethylene than with G a N and Z eta theta when using the G d.
- Z n F 2 Time is short Natsuta to decomposition as the particle size of the G d becomes smaller. This is thought to be due to the fact that the emission wavelength is shortened as the particle size decreases and the energy is increased, and the brightness is improved by the quantum size effect.
- a porous semiconductor in which semiconductor particles were dispersed in an insulating layer was manufactured and evaluated as follows.
- porous substrate a porous SiC material having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 1 mm was used.
- the porosity was 50% and the average pore size was 1 ⁇ m.
- the following semiconductor powder was prepared.
- the average particle size of eight 1 N powder having a purity of 99.999% is 0. 1 1 m
- the G d C 1 3 powder having a purity of 99.999% in a mortar, temperature 8 The reaction was carried out at 00 ° C. in argon for 2 hours to obtain A 1 N: Gd powders of various particle sizes. Among them, Gd was 3mo 1% of the whole A1. This was crushed to recover powder having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ , 0.1 / xm, and 0.05 ⁇ m.
- Gd ions were ion-implanted into diamond powder having an average particle diameter of 1, 0.1, 0.05 / m by an ion implantation method. Thereafter, annealing was performed at 800 ° C. in vacuum at a temperature of 800 ° C. to obtain various diameter diamond: Gd powders. Of these, Gd was 3 mol% of the whole.
- T i 0 2 Disperse the various powders from step 2 in a 5% ethanol solution of titanium isopropoxide T i (OC 2 H 5 ) 4 , then collect and dry only the powder from the suspension, and dry at 500 ° C in air. and heat treated for 1 hour, the porous T i 0 2 film was 0. 01 mu m coated semiconductor powder surface.
- T i 0 2 the semiconductor powder coated predetermined amount dispersed in Ethanol was suspension concentration 300 p pm
- the suspension of Step 3 was filtered through the porous substrate of Step 1 to form a semiconductor particle-dispersed porous semiconductor layer of 10 ⁇ m on the surface of the porous substrate.
- the filtration conditions were such that the differential pressure before and after filtration was 0, IMPa. Then, it was dried at room temperature and further heat-treated at 450 ° C in the air.
- Mesh-shaped Au was coated on the back surface of the porous substrate and the surface of the light emitting layer by a sputtering method to form electrodes.
- Porous semiconductor samples 14 to 22 having the materials and physical properties shown in Table 2 below were obtained.
- Example 9 As in Example 9, 0.0 lmo 1 of trichloroethylene was gasified and sprayed into an air cylinder with a volume of 10 liters. Frequency 5 kHz, voltage 2 While applying an AC voltage of 8 OV, a gas was supplied from the semiconductor layer side of the sample to perform cyclic filtration. The time until the ethylene concentration of the trichloride in the tank became zero was measured. The results are shown in Table 2 below. Table 2
- a porous semiconductor having a configuration of a porous insulating layer / a porous semiconductor layer and a porous insulating layer was manufactured and evaluated as follows.
- porous substrate a porous SiC material having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 1 mm was used.
- the porosity was 50% and the average pore size was 1 ⁇ m.
- Example 9 similar Z nF 2 Among Gd powder, average particle size was used in 1 / zm.
- T i 0 2 (anatase type), Ta 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , S i O 2 , Pb T i O 3 Among them, those having a particle size of 0.1 / m were used.
- the various powders of Step 2 were dispersed in ethanol for each of the various powders to form a suspension having a concentration of 300 ppm.
- the surface of the insulating layer in step 4 was coated with mesh Au by sputtering to form electrodes.
- Step 5 (except for samples of the insulating layer is T i 0 2) of the insulating layer surface, in the same manner as the particle diameter 0 1 ⁇ T i 0 2 to step 4 of Paiiota, was coated to a thickness of 1 0 mu m . Then, it was dried at room temperature and further heat-treated at 450 ° C. in the air. Porous semiconductor samples 23 to 27 of the materials and physical properties shown in Table 3 below were obtained.
- trichlorethylene As shown in Fig. 23, 0.1 mol of trichlorethylene was gasified and sprayed into an air cylinder with a capacity of 10 liters. A gas was supplied from the semiconductor layer side of the sample while applying an AC voltage having a frequency of 2.5 kHz and a voltage of 20 OV, and the sample was subjected to circulation filtration. The time until the trichlorethylene concentration in the tank became zero was measured. The results are shown in Table 3 below. Table 3
- a porous semiconductor layer comprising an oxide-based binder phase containing Si 3 N 4 particles and a rare earth element was formed. Further, in the present example, the same porous body as the silicon nitride porous body forming the porous semiconductor layer was used as the base material.
- the shed-type S i 3 N 4 powder having an average particle diameter of 0. 5 ⁇ or 2. 2 / m, the following table the flat Hitoshitsubu ⁇ 0. 5 ⁇ of Y 2 O 3, G d 2 0 3 powder as an auxiliary
- the mixed powder added as described in 4 is mixed with an organic binder (methylcellulose), molded by uniaxial molding, and calcined in air at 500 ° C for 1 hour to reduce a part of the carbon component in the binder. Removed. Then, it was fired in nitrogen at a temperature of 1600 to 1800 ° C. and a pressure of 4 atm for 2 hours to produce a porous Si 3 N 4 .
- auxiliary and 2 wt% of auxiliary indicate the ratio of each auxiliary in the mixed powder (auxiliary 1 + auxiliary 2).
- the pore size of the obtained Si 3 N 4 porous body was measured with a mercury porosimeter.
- the bending strength was measured by performing a JIS three-point bending test.
- the aspect ratio (major axis / minor axis) of the Si 3 N 4 particles was observed by SEM.
- the Si 3 N 4 porous body was irradiated with an excimer laser having a wavelength of 193 nm, and the wavelength of light emitted from the Si 3 N 4 porous body was measured with a spectrophotometer.
- the luminance was measured with a luminance meter, and the relative luminance was determined with the luminance of Sample No. 35 having the highest luminance among the 31 1 ⁇ 4 porous bodies of Sample Nos. 28 to 35 as 100.
- Table 4 shows the results.
- the ⁇ -type S i 3 N 4 powder having an average particle diameter of 0. 5 // m, an average particle size of 0. 5 / zm as aid Y 2 0 3, E u 2 0 3 powder in the following Table 5, wherein
- the mixed powder thus added was mixed with an organic binder (methylcellulose), molded by uniaxial molding, and fired in air at a temperature of 500 ° C for 1 hour to remove a part of the carbon component in the binder. Then, it was baked in nitrogen at a temperature of 1800 ° C. and a pressure of 4 atm for 2 hours to produce a porous Si 3 N 4 .
- 1% by weight of auxiliary and 2% by weight of auxiliary indicate the ratio of each auxiliary in the mixed powder (auxiliary 1 + auxiliary 2).
- the pore size of the obtained Si 3 N 4 porous body was measured with a mercury porosimeter.
- the bending strength was measured by performing a JIS three-point bending test.
- the paste ratio (major axis / minor axis) of the Si 3 N 4 particles was observed by SEM.
- He-C d laser having a wavelength of 325 eta m to S i 3 N 4 porous bodies were measured wavelength of the light emitted from the S i 3 N 4 porous a spectrometer.
- the luminance was measured with a luminance meter, and the relative luminance was determined with the luminance of the porous body of No. 41 having the highest brightness of No. 41 among the porous bodies of Si 3 N 4 of sample Nos. 36 to 41 as 100.
- Table 5 shows the results.
- Fig. 31 shows the emission spectra of Nos. 36, 38 and 41.
- a monolithic filtration filter as shown in FIG. 32 was manufactured.
- one ceramic filter base material was integrally formed into a cylindrical shape (lotus root shape) having a through hole with a circular cross section by extrusion molding.
- the right side is an enlarged view of the cross section surrounded by the square in the left side.
- a porous electrode, a porous insulating layer, and a porous semiconductor layer were sequentially laminated on the inner wall of the circular through-hole portion.
- the front electrode was formed on the entire outer surface of the monolith body, and the electrode on the inner wall of the flow channel was the back electrode.
- the filter can emit light by electroluminescence.
- the insulating layer was formed.
- the porous ceramic substrate may serve as a kind of insulating layer. The insulating layer becomes unnecessary.
- the porous semiconductor of the present invention is a semiconductor having a porous structure having communication holes, and particularly focuses on a material having a large band gap.
- ultraviolet light or visible light with a short wavelength can be emitted, and also has a function of selectively collecting particles of a specific size present in a gas or liquid.
- the filter using the porous semiconductor of the present invention captures organic substances, bacteria, viruses, and the like on the surface or inside of the filter, and irradiates the captured substances with ultraviolet rays at a very short distance. As a result, it becomes a very compact filter capable of disintegrating and sterilizing the collected matter. In addition, by decomposing and sterilizing by irradiating ultraviolet rays while allowing organic substances, bacteria and viruses to pass through the pores of the filter.
- the filter using the porous semiconductor of the present invention is capable of decomposing and removing NOx, SOx, CO gas, diesel particulates, pollen, dust, mites and the like, which are pollutants in the air, and organic compounds contained in sewage.
- Decomposition and removal of bacteria, common bacteria will It can be applied to various fields such as germicidal light sources such as gas, decomposition of harmful gas generated in chemical plants, decomposition of odor components, ultraviolet light source for lighting, light source of photocatalyst, germicidal light source in ultrapure water production equipment, etc.
- filters in the above fields such as honeycomb materials for automotive exhaust gas treatment, filters for air purifiers, sewage filtration filters, gas separation filters, various water purifiers, insect repellents, and other large area luminescence It can also be applied to glass, walls, catalyst carriers for hydrogen generation, etc.
- ultraviolet rays are effective in raising reptiles, they are also effective as an ultraviolet light source when raising reptiles.
- various phosphors having a property of emitting light by ultraviolet irradiation are arranged on the surface of the porous semiconductor device of the present invention, visible light can also be generated from the phosphor excited by the emitted ultraviolet light. The result is a light emitting device that emits both ultraviolet and visible light.
- Vitamin D can be efficiently synthesized by using pores in a porous semiconductor as a hotbed, and can be effectively used as such a bioreactor.
- the porous semiconductor of the present invention is easy to control pores, has high strength, and is suitable as a light-emitting device or a filter having high permeability.
- those containing Gd are excellent in the function of emitting ultraviolet light.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002473825A CA2473825A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2003-07-10 | Porous semiconductor and process for producing the same |
US10/500,975 US7468529B2 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2003-07-10 | Porous UV-emitting semiconductor on porous substrate as sterilizing filter made by filtering suspended semiconductor particles |
EP03741323A EP1520591B1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2003-07-10 | Porous semiconductor and process for producing the same |
AU2003281180A AU2003281180A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2003-07-10 | Porous semiconductor and process for producing the same |
JP2005505094A JP4420233B2 (ja) | 2002-07-11 | 2003-07-10 | 多孔質半導体及びその製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
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JP2002-202837 | 2002-07-11 | ||
JP2002202837 | 2002-07-11 | ||
JP2002292533 | 2002-10-04 | ||
JP2002-292533 | 2002-10-04 | ||
JP2002-321351 | 2002-11-05 | ||
JP2002321351 | 2002-11-05 | ||
JP2003-90727 | 2003-03-28 | ||
JP2003090727 | 2003-03-28 | ||
JP2003148029 | 2003-05-26 | ||
JP2003-148029 | 2003-05-26 |
Publications (1)
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WO2004006969A1 true WO2004006969A1 (ja) | 2004-01-22 |
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PCT/JP2003/008777 WO2004006969A1 (ja) | 2002-07-11 | 2003-07-10 | 多孔質半導体及びその製造方法 |
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US (1) | US7468529B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1520591B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4420233B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20050025139A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1311874C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003281180A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2473825A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI286486B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004006969A1 (ja) |
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US20050042743A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
EP1520591B1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
EP1520591A1 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
CA2473825A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
AU2003281180A1 (en) | 2004-02-02 |
JPWO2004006969A1 (ja) | 2005-11-10 |
EP1520591A4 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
CN1311874C (zh) | 2007-04-25 |
JP4420233B2 (ja) | 2010-02-24 |
TWI286486B (en) | 2007-09-11 |
KR20050025139A (ko) | 2005-03-11 |
TW200408435A (en) | 2004-06-01 |
US7468529B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 |
CN1638818A (zh) | 2005-07-13 |
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