WO2003012225A2 - Gebäude und bauverfahren - Google Patents
Gebäude und bauverfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003012225A2 WO2003012225A2 PCT/EP2002/008144 EP0208144W WO03012225A2 WO 2003012225 A2 WO2003012225 A2 WO 2003012225A2 EP 0208144 W EP0208144 W EP 0208144W WO 03012225 A2 WO03012225 A2 WO 03012225A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- formwork
- parts
- fire
- building
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/22—Rigid members, e.g. L-shaped members, with parts engaging the under surface of the loads; Crane hooks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B15/00—General arrangement or layout of plant ; Industrial outlines or plant installations
- B28B15/002—Mobile plants, e.g. on vehicles or on boats
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
- B28B23/20—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the shaping being effected by centrifugal or rotational moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/08—Moulds provided with means for tilting or inverting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/08—Moulds provided with means for tilting or inverting
- B28B7/087—Moulds provided with means for tilting or inverting using rocker or rolling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
- E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
- E04G21/167—Tools or apparatus specially adapted for working-up plates, panels or slab shaped building elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
- E04H5/02—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial purposes, e.g. for power-plants or factories
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/50—Anchored foundations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to what is claimed in the preamble.
- the present invention is concerned with buildings and their manufacture, in particular in a construction with filigree repetitive structures. This is relevant for high-bay warehouses and other buildings.
- these walls must be able to withstand the fire for a long time.
- the walls can be made inexpensively and therefore comparatively thin with the required height, the wall thickness preferably being determined by the thicknesses that can still be produced using concrete technology, without consuming too much material, for example between 15 and 30 cm ,
- One object of the present invention is to optimize this arrangement itself and / or also in a view integrated with the steel structure of the shelves.
- Parts prefabricated from concrete can be found, for example, in the manufacture of so-called solid carriageways for rail-bound vehicles Traffic use.
- solid carriageways for rail-bound vehicles Traffic use.
- there are usually concrete elements such as track sleepers on which the rails rest. So that these rails can be run on by modern high-speed trains, extreme demands must be placed on the ability to withstand very high load changes very often.
- the sleepers are mass-produced products that have to be manufactured at a reasonable price.
- EP 0 637 645 B1 A first example of such fixed carriageways is described in EP 0 637 645 B1. Another method for producing a solid roadway is known from DE 197 41 059 CI.
- EP 0 733 433 B1 discloses a method for equipping rail support bodies, in particular tension or concrete sleepers, with the parts required for fastening, such as sleeper screws and the like. These parts are to be arranged in a holding die, fed to an assembly robot and placed on the rail support body in one work step.
- An assembly line process for the variable production of concrete sleepers with or without clamping reinforcement in which the molds are cleaned in a preparation station and with the reinforcements to be filled with concrete in a concreting and vibrating station, and the sleepers are cured by heat treatment, whereby all sleepers are manufactured in multiple molds and the heat treatment takes place in heat chambers, which are filled with the concreted forms using a ceiling crane are fed and emptied, which feeds the forms of a relaxation and emptying station in front of a preparation station and a device for carrying out this method are known from EP 0 979 713 A2.
- a steel mold for producing prestressed concrete sleepers, in particular concrete track sleepers, is known from DE 92 00 008 Ul.
- DE 39 31 201 CI discloses a method and a device for producing prestressed concrete sleepers with an immediate bond and immediate formwork removal.
- a mounting bracket for self-supporting prefabricated concrete parts is known from DE 299 10 988, this mounting bracket being a NEN tensile rod and at least one steel reinforced concrete pillar, which forms a pressure rod.
- reinforced concrete ribbed slabs are known from DE 37 08 990 AI, in particular as a ceiling, which, including the screed slabs, which are room-sized transversely to the direction of the ribs, can be prefabricated.
- a triangular recess should be provided between the two narrow sides of the legs, a joint at the apex of the triangular recess, and a temporary connection that can be subjected to tension and a means for the final connection in the assembled state at the base of the triangular recess.
- the joint should be formed in a simple manner from rods made of relatively soft steel or iron, which are concreted on both sides in the legs.
- the provisional train connection required for transport in an extended position should also be formed in a simple manner by the continuous reinforcement bar near the underside of the truss.
- frame parts for a hall in which one or two frame supports and a frame bar are transported and assembled in a prefabricated manner. These prefabricated stem and locking elements also have a joint.
- a variant is proposed in which a stem and a bolt are connected to one another in an articulated manner and then these bolt-stem elements are connected to each other in the ridge, and a second variant is shown in which a bolt is provided between two stems with which it is articulated. Examples are also given of how prefabricated roof elements for sloping roofs can be provided with joints and placed on stems that were previously set up. The arrangements shown are critical during assembly, the high loads are on the joint and it is therefore heavily used. The assembly is difficult or typically limited to frames for industrial halls.
- DE 195 49 550 C2 describes a transport system for concrete parts with a transport anchor made of steel, which can be fixed to the concrete part, with coupling means for coupling load-bearing means, in which the transport anchors are reusable.
- Precast concrete parts are also used in the construction of high-bay warehouses.
- a typical one, using Precast concrete manufactured high-bay warehouse will have walls made of concrete, which, for. B. are up to a maximum of 40 m high and are usually made monolithically using the slipform process on site and can be prefabricated up to approx. 30 m in one piece as a finished part.
- a large number of concrete walls are then set up in several rows parallel and spaced apart. The spacing of the concrete walls within each row is such that shelves can be installed between the parallel walls, on which the stored goods can be placed on pallets or in some other way.
- the spacing between the individual rows is so large that there remain alleys that are wide enough to place the goods on the grids or to pick them up from the grids using generally automatically controlled storage and retrieval machines.
- a shelf for a high-bay warehouse is known, the flat surface of which is penetrated by a plurality of beads running downwards, the shelf being able to have a length of over 3 m and requiring no additional support elements.
- a wall and roof-bearing, preferably palletized storage goods receiving high-bay warehouse which consists of a frame of vertical supports, between which extending in the direction of loading and unloading, horizontal trusses are arranged, two in each case one above the other Trusses are connected to one another by at least one diagonal strut.
- the crossbeams should each be composed of two parallel, spaced-apart profiles, between which the ends of the diagonal struts are arranged and releasably fastened by connecting elements.
- a reinforced concrete beam is known from CH 229 567, which is formed from centrifugal prestressed concrete.
- a special type of reinforcement is proposed.
- a ceiling support grid is known, which consists of prefabricated concrete parts with embedded steel reinforcement ceiling beams, the support grid is formed from vertically or angularly crossed ceiling beams provided at their intersections in such a way that they are laid continuously and at the same height can, the steel reinforcement either, if they are interrupted by incisions, connected after laying the beams over the incisions or in the beams, the manufacture of which are arranged with the appropriate design of the incisions so that they are not interrupted by them and run across the entire beam.
- Such a design of ceiling beams with incisions is technically very complex.
- the static load-bearing capacity of the arrangement is questionable.
- the problem is that the stability of the wall is low in the case of T-shaped butt-abutting elements.
- the production of T-shaped elements is particularly difficult when prefabrication of particularly long parts is desired.
- DE OS 2 249 528 already discloses a mobile bed for pallet trucks and a high-bay warehouse built from such mobile beds. It is proposed that a high-bay warehouse be constructed from a mobile bed for pallet trucks, in particular which have a lifting device for lifting the pallets from a support or for lowering them onto this support, whereby it is manufactured as a prefabricated, essentially closed unit from reinforced concrete.
- Shelves are thus provided, i.e. a comparatively large amount of concrete is required for the construction of a high-bay warehouse and many individual parts to be assembled are required per pallet storage space.
- Another high-bay warehouse is known from DE 23 08 495, and it is proposed that it be manufactured from prefabricated room elements in the form of a rectangular tube that is open at least on one side, with elevations that run in the direction of the shelf depth and extend over the top of the floor for intermediate travel of a pallet truck and for discharge - ge of loads, with any number of such space elements being joined together to form shelf tunnels and any number of these shelf tunnels offset in a checkerboard fashion arranged side by side and one above the other, as well as wall, ceiling and floor elements are provided to close the open edge tunnels and the clear width of the room elements is greater than their height and depth, the room elements on their top side of the floor and ceiling are several, spaced from each other Carrier and have recesses along their outer corner edge and with which adjacent space elements interlock.
- a very large amount of concrete is required and there are again cells delimited by plate-like elements with a large loss of space in order to take into account the tolerances required between concrete and pallets, ie free dimensions.
- the aim of this is to drastically reduce the number of different precast elements that are required, to simplify the assembly and connection of the precast elements, and thus to reduce the assembly costs by considerably less time. It is here that flat ceiling or wall panels are connected to one another via the connection, without the tolerances being of particular importance.
- a device for producing essentially rod-shaped prestressed concrete parts, primarily sleepers, which can be set up in a factory and thus highly automated. It is proposed that a device for the production of rod-shaped pre-stressed concrete parts - primarily sleepers - with an immediate bond between prestressing bars and concrete with immediate shuttering, consisting of a mold carrier pivotally mounted in a trestle frame, is arranged so that the device has a swivel frame that is eccentrically articulated to a shaft in the axis of rotation and can be pivoted about this axis, in the swivel frame the machine elements vibrating elements can be detachably fastened as supports for the molds, stenter frame and tilting floor and the swivel frame with one or more of the machine elements from the concreting position I by 180 ° can be rotated to the shuttering position II and back again.
- the aim is to make finished parts for mobile use possible.
- the economically justifiable limitation due to the preload is currently less than 6m in length and less than 4.35m in width.
- a molding device for the manufacture of prestressed reinforced concrete ceiling panels is known. It is proposed that this comprises an essentially flat, cuboid hollow body made of molded base, longitudinal walls anchored to the molded base, transverse walls placed in front of the ends of the longitudinal walls and tension rods which can be clamped between the transverse walls and extend through the molding space to remain in the finished reinforced concrete ceiling as prestressing members , wherein tension rods can be provided in the mold base parallel to the tension rods between the two opposite transverse walls of the mold base. This is to ensure that the underside of the ceiling tile can be formed flat. There are no indications of rod-shaped bending structures, nor is there any adherence to tight tolerances.
- EP 0 057 635 discloses a method for improving the effectiveness of methods for producing prefabricated parts from concrete, which is prestressed by adhesive reinforcements.
- the object of the present invention is to provide something new for commercial use.
- the invention therefore initially discloses improvements to high-bay warehouses. It is given how such a building can be constructed using repetitive precast structures.
- structure the precast concrete parts can have this is particularly relevant with regard to the precast concrete parts on which the pallets to be stored in high-bay warehouses are located, i.e. with regard to the bars that are arranged between uprights.
- structural training is particularly advantageous for the uprights, in particular with regard to the required dimensional accuracy and / or its thin design.
- the bolts and studs forth can be manufactured in an economical manner, ie different formwork methods are disclosed.
- repetitive concrete filigree structures are built with precast concrete parts, the precast concrete parts being made on or at construction sites and / or at construction site-related concrete mixing plants without joints in a battery - Rotary formwork process and / or on a sole plate.
- Repetitive concrete filigree structures will retain their shape as such in particular because the building they form has a series layout due to its function and / or use.
- repetitive concrete filigree structures for the supporting skeletons which consist of both sole and consist of battery-switched filigree elements, in particular sole-switched, in particular four-end stabilized frame elements can be provided in a first direction and battery-switched concrete filigree structures are provided in the second, preferably to the first orthogonal, supporting skeleton direction.
- Repetitive concrete structures are assumed depending on the structure and component with different numbers of the same parts.
- the prefabricated concrete element can either be used as a longitudinal and cross member of a supporting grate element or as a post, standing washer or longitudinal bar of a frame element. If the construction of the prefabricated concrete element is carried out as a support element, ie as a support grate, the prefabricated concrete element is typically formed in such a way that stored goods, in particular pallets, can be stored with the long side parallel to the aisle, so that a load-carrying means of the storage and retrieval unit is placed under the lower board level of the pallet can grip.
- the carrier element usually consists of a plurality of side members, typically two side members, and a plurality of cross members for supporting the loading aid (possibly also the load).
- the prefabricated concrete element can also be designed for storing the pallets with their long sides across the aisle, with the load handler of the storage and retrieval machine typically being able to grip directly under the top board position of the loading aid.
- the precast concrete parts referred to here as frames will typically essentially have at least two and preferably more longitudinal beams per row of pallets, without the need for additional cross beams for the load support to be directly supported.
- a longitudinal beam or latch is then provided for each storage level and typically several pallet levels are be formed one above the other; in this context, attention is drawn to the possibility of vertically mounting several frames one above the other. However, due to the addition of vertical tolerances then occurring, only one continuous upright is preferred.
- two uprights are typically sufficient. These can either be provided directly at the ends, the longitudinal members serving as single-field beams, or in such a way that the longitudinal members pass the uprights.
- they are formed as single-field beams with a cantilever arm and are particularly preferably to be non-positively connected after erection, so that their rigidity increases significantly, which in particular also reduces the disadvantageous combination of lifting and lowering the bolts as a result of changing traffic loads.
- Palletized goods can be stored in different ways. This makes it possible to simply store pallets deep. In the case of such a simple deep storage in frame construction methods of a pallet, three support bars each of two pallets are required, which are preferably attached to only one standing disc. Alternatively and also preferred is a multi-deep storage, e.g. Double-deep storage possible, which means that the number of bars in the frame is multiplied accordingly or, alternatively, the girder grid solution is used.
- the prefabricated concrete element is formed in such a way that a is facing the stored goods.
- the reason for this preference lies in the reduction of the tolerances resulting from the use of concrete elements, in particular the tolerances from manufacture and installation, whereby typically +/- 0.5 cm to +/- 1 cm are permissible according to FEM 9.831, what with increasing height, especially in high-bay warehouses with a total height of more than 20 m, is particularly problematic for concrete.
- the particularly preferred arrangement proves to be advantageous because the rough and bitchy concrete side does not have to be used as a support for pallets or other stored goods or storage aids, which leads to much higher tolerances and more abrasion.
- this source of inaccuracy can be avoided if built-in parts bridge this concrete tolerance, ie typically allow up to 0.5 - 1 cm filling level inaccuracy. You can see that alone from this source the permissible manufacturing tolerances are otherwise already used up.
- this source of inaccuracies can be reduced if the upper side and / or lower side is arranged accordingly, in particular a formwork side, preferably the upper side, which is defined by the lower bottom formwork of the form, is turned towards the stored goods.
- a formwork side preferably the upper side, which is defined by the lower bottom formwork of the form
- the entanglements provide a positive lock, in particular by snap-in connections and / or jamming, which causes the various sub-elements of the prefabricated component to self-adjust in their desired position, e.g. B. when plugging or lowering.
- the frame bar can on its lower, unpeeled side with an installation part such as a support part, for. B. a support plate or plate, which can be concreted in particular and protrudes a few millimeters from the rough concrete surface of the finished sub-element to compensate for its tolerances in that the support is preferred with a precisely measured rod against the exact Formwork floor or against a precisely positioned positioning in the formwork.
- an installation part such as a support part, for. B. a support plate or plate, which can be concreted in particular and protrudes a few millimeters from the rough concrete surface of the finished sub-element to compensate for its tolerances in that the support is preferred with a precisely measured rod against the exact Formwork floor or against a precisely positioned positioning in the formwork.
- the prefabricated concrete element it is further preferred if it has an adjusting agent for stored goods.
- This can in particular be formed by pallet-adjusting bevels and / or noses in the concrete.
- the prefabricated concrete element can be provided with an integrated push-through protection.
- the concrete element to be assembled from parts to be prefabricated is formed by at least three, preferably four or more non-parallel, interconnected partial elements and not in one piece, since this considerably simplifies production.
- partial elements When training through non-parallel, interconnected. It is further preferred for partial elements if the partial elements are connected to one another in an articulated manner. This allows the parts to be manufactured separately and then assembled. Thanks to the articulated connection of the elements, this does not need to take place at the installation site of the creation of the high-bay warehouse, but can already take place at the location of the production of the at least two partial elements, which allows production to be automated.
- the sub-elements can be preassembled or, after their preassembly on the articulated connection, can also be moved against one another in such a way that they have a smaller width than when in use, so that they can be easily transported on public roads, unloaded at the site where the structure or high-bay warehouse was built, and be moved against each other in the use position. Transport via public Depending on the number and weight of the pieces to be transported, lying roads can in particular be permit-free or even be possible at all, even if the ready-to-use concrete element has an excess width in relation to the widths and / or practically possible widths. This also applies to the dismantling, removal and recycling of buildings constructed in this way.
- the prefabricated concrete element if it has at least two built-in parts, in particular at the hinge point, on at least two of the partial elements.
- a support part or the like can be provided which protrudes at least a few millimeters from the concrete surface. The manufacturing tolerance can thus be attributed to the comparatively precisely definable installation of the support part or the like and its high manufacturing accuracy.
- crossing points between the longitudinal and cross members are designed so that in particular automated plug-in assembly is possible. This can be achieved using different plug systems. It is particularly preferred, however, if the crossing points between the longitudinal and transverse beams are designed at the same time so that the desired rotatability of the sub-elements is possible, in particular for assembly and / or transport purposes and, if desired, also in the final state under full load, which is also the articulated connection realized. A rotatability in the final state frees the connecting means from otherwise very high torsional moments.
- a rod-shaped connecting means is arranged at the intersection points, wherein in particular the rod-shaped connecting means can be provided in a partial element and in a partial element opposite one another, in which, in particular, a sleeve can be arranged; the provision of a sleeve is not mandatory, but is preferred to protect the surrounding concrete, which will typically have a rotationally symmetrical recess.
- the rod-shaped connecting means and the sleeve can both be realized by insert parts.
- the rod-shaped connecting means and the sleeve are then designed to be complementary to one another without any problems, so that simple plug-in assembly is possible and / or can be rotated for assembly and / or transport purposes and / or in the final state. In this way, dunnage, i.e. equipping with a oarlock can be provided.
- Dollen is here generally a generally rod-shaped, also z. T. conical connection means of any kind understood.
- the oarlock or the support is shaped to facilitate assembly, in particular beveled and / or tapered.
- a conical design and / or a tapering of the buckle makes assembly easier, because a conical design of the pin favors self-adjustment in the narrow tolerance ranges when pushing or inserting finished parts, especially the bolts.
- the dunnage is complementary to an on-site support; in other words, at bearing points if there are two or more parts elements are in contact with each other, the components provided for the sleeve-spigot combination are also used for precise support.
- the pins pass through the sleeve to such an extent that they can penetrate into a support on which the prefabricated concrete element rests and / or rests.
- a pin extending upwards to a sleeve and downwards to a support can be provided.
- tolerances are particularly preferably created by suitable, tolerance-accurate series formwork, in particular with correspondingly complementary oarlock / formwork sleeve arrangements, the inserts being able to be aligned against teachings, in particular before they are used composed of individual parts.
- the prefabricated bars have at least one profiling, which is designed in particular to serve as a lateral adjustment for depositing pallets and / or to prevent pallets from being pushed through. At a given height, the latter can simultaneously increase the bending stiffness. In this way, the concrete element can be made even more resilient with the same reinforcement content and the storage can be carried out with even greater tolerance.
- the entry dimensions of the lifting fork are crucial for the safe operation of bearings.
- the dimensions of Euro pallets are 100 mm. This is just enough to move the first pallet.
- this dimension is too small for the subsequent pallet lying further inwards, since the lifting fork, which is typically more than 60 mm thick, bends and can no longer safely enter the inner pallet if only 100 mm are available. Lifting forks up to 200 mm thick are typically used at these depths, which only extend in the last stage to approximately 65 mm. It is therefore proposed to provide two different height levels that create an adequate entry dimension. Typically, the required entry dimension for the inner pallet is over 15 cm.
- the height levels are generated by only one beam, preferably in concrete. This can be combined with the described profiles on the top of the beam. It should be emphasized here that the increase can optionally serve as a push-through protection for the first pallet close to the aisle.
- a very economical profiling is to use the at least two levels below the pallets and in between to arrange no profiling, at least not such profiles that would interfere with the storage of pallets of different widths.
- the main advantage now is the ability of the warehouse to accommodate pallet formats with different widths. Many pallets or other stored goods, such as B. Chemical pallets, in practice differ in width from the standard Euro pallet and can be mixed or stored entirely. In addition, the construction height of the center bars in the flexible beam is available, which leads to cheaper dimensions, ie more
- the profiling of the top of the transom in connection with the narrow manufacturing tolerances particularly described in 9.831 can cause costs in formwork construction or generally question the feasibility. These are largely expensive due to the production Tools marked in the stamping as well as in the injection molding area. Protection is also claimed for the use of these methods for producing profiled formwork.
- the method of pouring plastic into rotary molds at low temperatures is particularly preferred.
- the prefabricated shapes are surrounded by the centrifugal force of the rotation.
- the costs for the expensive molds in the hot plastic injection molding area and the punching of steel are now drastically reduced.
- Particularly preferred in the plastics sector is the use of one or more profiles, in particular as inserts to be fitted into the formwork, since plastic shrinks by approx. 2% and lengths of typically over 50 cm no longer have tolerances of a few millimeters that are used for production can be produced.
- profiles of the purlins and bars are provided, which are used for lateral guidance and / or as a push-through protection, it may be preferred, if necessary also in combination with the above, to set the feet of the pallets on ridges and thus more clear height for the entry of a Hoist stuff, usually to create the fork of a storage and retrieval machine. This creates an improvement especially when the pallet is positioned across the aisle, as is usual with frame storage. Without this elevation of the feet, the pallet typically has a clear height of 100 mm between the feet (here: dimensions of the Euro pallet as an example), of which the fork of the storage and retrieval device is also typically used. B.
- a means for compartment control is provided, which can be formed in particular by an inserted, in particular concreted-in, marking part and / or a profiling and / or a color marking. This is common in connection with steel shelves, but not with concrete.
- the dimensioning of the prefabricated concrete element is preferably chosen so that several pallets can be arranged side by side and / or one behind the other.
- at least one central support element is provided, which is profiled for receiving pallets on the right and left of the same. This can be done by providing a pallet-separating web that has the bending stiffness increased and moreover, in particular when the element is arranged transversely to the aisle, can have a sloping slope to the left or right for pallet adjustment or, in the case of a longitudinal pallet arrangement, a push-through protection is implemented.
- a cantilever can preferably be provided in such a way that deformations from creep and shrinkage are at least partially compensated for.
- the prefabricated concrete element in particular the bending beams such as bars, are dimensioned such that the concrete tensile strength is not exceeded under the working load.
- the bending beams such as bars
- the prestressing reinforcement is required here.
- this is typically relevant for transoms over 35 cm.
- a fire resistance increasing means can be provided in particular on the entrenchments and in the area of the steel wind structures.
- walls or fire walls can be integrated particularly easily if outer shell, roof and / or fire wall components are provided on the uprights, cross members and transoms.
- the described methods are chordable, in particular due to the necessary repetition of the work step, and yet are suitable for use on construction sites, especially under adverse weather conditions such as frost, ice, storm, rain, hail, etc., as well as with possibly low-qualified personnel under changing environmental conditions. This is preferably done in combination with the independent further developments of production and assembly explained here.
- the additional costs for any adverse circumstances on site are offset by the predominant or even complete elimination of transport costs, the restrictions of width, length and weight that still exist for road transport and the need to avoid thin and / or high supports.
- these rotary and / or battery formworks are longer than 2.65 or a maximum of 3.00 m, which represents the maximum length during the so-called "experience" of the track sleeper units, and possibly also longer than 5.80 to approx. 6.00 m, which is the maximum length of concrete parts produced in the stentering process of the sleeper plants.
- This is important in that the labor costs per cubic meter of precast bending elements with their length sink and it was not readily apparent that parts had to be manufactured for so long. Preference is given to the use of formwork which enables turning after concreting and hardening and thus allows easy stripping with the support of gravity downwards.
- shock device or of the stamps pressing the concrete, which support stripping downwards, and it is preferred to fill the formwork from above by directly unloading the concrete from the truck mixer laterally into the formwork, ie without using the otherwise usual intermediate conveyance concrete pumps.
- a preferred use of sleeves and bushings of all kinds, which are supported by assembly aids, such as lateral recesses through which dammings are driven through the formwork battery and / or support plates are inserted, is possible and particularly preferred if close tolerance specifications exist in parallelogram systems.
- the massive formwork is tensioned, as is known per se from sleeper technology.
- the back pressure to the clamping force is particularly preferably introduced into the side walls of the chambers and the undesirable bending of the formwork overall is at least limited.
- pre-braided reinforcement usually a reinforcement cage
- at least one longitudinal bar before inserting it into the formwork (e.g. directly in the factory of the structural steel supplier), which is suitable for applying prestressing (already as structural steel or also higher strength).
- the production line is now preferably not created by moving the same formwork, but by arranging it in sufficient numbers and processing the work steps of the special chord columns just as efficiently.
- the formworks can preferably be arranged in a linear manner in large numbers, and columns and rows are preferably formed from formworks. In one column, the formworks are arranged one behind the other in successive processing states; in the rows, formworks with the same processing state are provided side by side.
- a row can be filled by a passing concrete mixer or turned by a lifting tool.
- a turning device consisting, for example, of a rotating device such as a slack belt, a chain, a rope, etc., which is wound around a part of the formwork body, here preferably a drum at the ends of the formwork.
- the bending band in turn runs around a rotating device (drum) above the formwork, as is known per se from the so-called “Rotomat technology”.
- a simple mobile crane is particularly preferably used as the hoist.
- jacking up with a traverse in particular the so-called fish-belly traverse to be described, is possible.
- Mobile cranes are easy to move and are available worldwide, which makes the process flexible and easy, especially for heavy weights of formwork and concrete, particularly preferably 10 to 30 t.
- a further preferred method of turning the formwork is that it rests with one side on the sole and only loads the hoist with approximately half the load when the formwork is rotated around the stationary or rolling side. The reason is that now about half of the load rests on the sole and the formwork weight can be twice as heavy with the same hoist. This principle of rotation around a pivot point close to the ground is again preferred.
- the side of the formwork is rotated with a rolling device that avoids edges and point pressures on the sole.
- a half ellipse with a connection to the top and bottom is particularly suitable for this.
- the unrolling device should be equipped with a friction-increasing agent, for example a thick rubber coating, in order to ensure that the unrolling formwork side does not cross or shift or slip in any other way.
- a particularly extendable, in particular fold-out part as a lifting tongue, which increases the distance between the point of application of the hoist and the center of gravity of the battery formwork, ie, in particular, extends beyond the edge of the reversing formwork, away from the ground pivot. This causes the hook load to decrease and the load on the sole to increase, which is important for achieving low hoist loads.
- the boom length of the lifting tongue should also be mentioned.
- the path of the load hook initially increases disadvantageously. This can be remedied if, for example, the mobile crane is to the side of the formwork, i.e. on the narrow side, which initially halves the extra length.
- the crane hook does not need to attack in the middle of the formwork, but also eccentrically, i.e. H. to its location, which leads to a further reduction in the boom length.
- An attack near the quarter point of the formwork is preferred in order to avoid unstable lifting conditions.
- a particularly preferred method for producing the filigree concrete repetitive structures for a building skeleton is the sole formwork.
- the side formwork in such a way that the standing disks are concreted lying on the soleplate and the Edge formwork is designed so that the dunnage immediately gets its final position very precisely by simply inserting it.
- the use of the base plate as formwork flooring for uprights, fire walls and ceiling panels should also be mentioned, especially in connection with simple intermediate layers made of foils, formwork panels or frame formwork panels, whereby it can be provided that the concrete part is removed by simply lifting it up and the bending stiffness that may still be present in the construction, such as, for example, in the case of laid formwork panels for the intermediate layers, is not necessary for deriving the concrete weight downwards.
- the bulk formwork process can also be carried out simultaneously in a number of steps with several formworks under mass and chord work. In turn, this can be done promptly when the battery rotary formwork work cycles are processed.
- the preferred construction of a shelf is such that the edge ledgers and uprights are designed fully within the norms and preferably also in the event of fire the stability is sufficiently long, as a rule F-90.
- the very expensive center bolts can then also be manufactured outside the current standards without endangering the stability of the entire system, even in the event of a fire.
- the center ledger can then, as is usual in warehouse construction, be manufactured after tests and with reduced fracture safety factors below 2.1 or 1.75, e.g. B. arithmetically with only 1.5 or preferably only 1.5 over experiments carried out. Less concrete cover and correspondingly less reinforcement is also possible than usual; DIN 4102, for example, requires higher concrete coverings than statically required for a 90-minute fire resistance.
- the components are then also outside the regulations, especially outside DIN 1045 and 4102 or internationally comparable sized components, as described, preferably the center ledger, it turns out that with the dimensional ratios of over 35 cm bar height or thickness, over 6 m span and load per pallet and concrete strength in B25 or more, the concrete tensile strength is practically sufficient to largely ensure the expensive deformation limitation of 15 mm of FEM 9.831, in particular over 25%. It is therefore particularly preferred to forego limp reinforcement in order to limit the deflections in whole or in part in these transom components and to either the only pre-stressing (as described in the main application) or only the low slack reinforcement required for arithmetical fracture safety according to the standard and to limit the deflection with little pretension.
- the concrete tensile strength is also used very precisely and particularly preferably if the breaking load is covered by slack steel, ie a reinforcement cage, and the expensive limitation of deflection by one or a few prestressing steel, as is particularly preferred, automatically or can be inserted again and again with the same hand movements.
- a preferred form of pretensioning also consists of pretensioning only against dead weight and the part of the traffic load that is likely to have a permanent effect. This means that the otherwise disturbing time-dependent deflections from creeping and shrinking of the concrete pressure part do not occur in state II. Another advantage is that the formwork beam stress is kept to a minimum.
- the base plate serves as a formwork floor (also in connection with an intermediate layer such as formwork skin, foil or the like).
- wall and roof panels can be produced on the construction site and this is possible, especially in connection with the parallelogram-like joint assembly, and it is particularly preferred to increase the length, width and / or weight of the uprights, costs being reduced because fewer concrete parts with larger dimensions are used as a result.
- a cost reduction results in particular if the disclosed methods and devices for reducing the hook load are used at the same time for stripping and / or erecting. It is also possible to provide recesses in such a way that monolithic Vierendeel frames are obtained in a thin pane construction.
- This Vierendel frame construction is particularly preferred for uprights and / or in multi-storey buildings, where the recesses not only save weight, but can also be used spatially.
- the excess weight of 25t per element will be particularly relevant for concrete stands, for example with single deep storage with more than 20 m in the middle shelf or with double deep storage with approx.4.8 m width and more than 17m upright height in the middle shelf.
- Exceeding the weight of fire walls is particularly useful when saving the horizontal joints outside the floor supports, soles and roof area, especially if the walls are connected to two uprights, which in turn enables thin slabs to be stored with little or no stiffness, i.e. the walls lean against the fire-protected shelves.
- a plate with a thickness of 10cm and an area of 25m x 7.5m already weighs 46t.
- the use of such wall and roof panels manufactured in high-bay warehouses and on the construction site has so far not been undertaken not only because of the portability, but also because of the extremely flexible and damage-sensitive panes.
- roof panels in connection with the "frame” / "support grates” or purlins, especially for direct support on the "frame” or “support grids” without further roof substructure.
- adjacent standing disks that follow one another along the aisle direction can be connected to one another by the bolts.
- These bars are preferably provided with outstanding steel reinforcement and the outstanding steel reinforcement of two bars is then welded to one another or to bridge intermediate parts.
- Other connections can also be selected which produce an immediate adhesion.
- a high-bay warehouse according to the present invention can also be built with the described methods without problems using fire safety measures. Although these are not per se bound to the special construction methods of the invention in their manufacture, they are particularly easy to implement.
- these walls must be able to withstand the fire for a long time.
- this component of the invention can thus be seen in the surprising finding that the stability of a fire wall can also be increased significantly, in view of the precision of all structural devices present in the warehouse, which is required for the automatic storage of goods in high racks, by the vertical struts facing one side those of the other sides are displaced without the struts having to increase the cost and / or the use volume, although it would have to be expected that a reciprocal stiffening would either be accompanied by a bulge which is detrimental to the precision or the stiffeners would have to be tightened to increase the cost ,
- the vertical strut elements extend over the entire height of the wall, ie from the floor to the ceiling. This is advantageous because it increases the overall precision and thus ensures that the precision required for the automatic storage of goods is achieved even with high shelves.
- the vertical struts are dimensioned on at least one side in such a way that they have a distance which is sufficient for the intermediate storage of a plurality of pallets next to one another. This spacing is accompanied by a corresponding extension of the vertical strut elements transversely to the wall in order to achieve the stabilization then required. As a rule, this transverse extension will be so large that it corresponds to one or two pallet depths, depending on the intended type of storage with a depth of one or two pallets.
- the spacing of the vertical strut elements from one another can preferably be more than 10 m, in particular around 15 m, in the case of such transverse dimensioning. This allows approximately 10, typically 15 Euro pallets to be arranged between two vertical strut elements. This results in an overall cost-effective design of a high-bay warehouse.
- the vertical struts on one side are preferably arranged centrally between those on the other side. So read optimally large distances between the vertical struts are maintained for a given stabilization with the desired precision of the system.
- the fire wall is used not only as a partition which reduces fire hazards, but also for fastening grates or the like.
- the grids can first be attached to the rear wall, which saves the rear uprights from shelves.
- the vertical strut elements themselves can also be used to fasten the grids or the like closest to them.
- the grids or the like can be fastened on the one hand by attaching grate-supporting angles, in particular steel angles, to the wall. This allows manufacturing in a conventional manner. Alternatively, it is possible to provide the wall or its vertical strut elements with recesses into which the grate carriers can be received directly. It goes without saying that a particularly efficient procedure consists in casting the holes or the like at the intended locations during wall production. This is particularly preferred if the walls are not manufactured using climbing formwork technology, but with so-called MEVA large-scale formwork.
- the wall in its typical shape will be made of concrete.
- the thickness of the wall is between 15 and . 25 cm preferred. Thicknesses less than 15 cm can hardly be reliably manufactured due to the flow behavior of the types of concrete typically used. Thicknesses greater than 25 cm do not result in significant edge advantages in terms of stability, fire resistance, achievable height, etc., so that if the walls are too thick, only the total costs due to the increased material consumption and the larger space requirement come from components that are not used for storing the goods. As disclosed, thinner walls can in particular be sole shells.
- Protection is accordingly also claimed for a high-bay warehouse as a whole, in which at least one fire wall according to the invention is installed, and in particular for a high-bay warehouse with a large number of firewalls according to the invention.
- the folding of the rails is coupled to a slowdown of the shelf control device, ie a braking and / or standstill control is provided, so that the folding piece in the to be able to arrange a straight high-speed area of the storage and retrieval machine.
- the storage and retrieval machine rails which penetrate the fire wall, can thus be protected with all materials available as standard, in particular they can be swung out with a folding piece, as is otherwise known per se with roller conveyor belts.
- Fire protection can be constructed using a "steel truss wall bearing" marketed by the fire protection company Promat.
- a movable gate can be produced from this construction, typically at the end of the passage under 2m wide, about 1.5m and eg 16m up to 40m high. It is possible to use a F90 wall or a fire wall.
- a so-called Stöbich Fibershield can also be used.
- a curtain that is usually smoke-tight and also has other fire protection properties is developed.
- the combination of the two aids together with the foldable and / or pivotable rail interruption means with one another or also individually, with conventional fire-retardant building materials, is hereby disclosed, and a movable concrete disc is also preferred.
- the ceiling joint is a problem with a movable closure, because here the combustion gases are the densest and the hottest.
- the obstacles to the approval of such a closure at the corner joint are therefore particularly high.
- This problem can be easily avoided if the financial statements are arranged so that the joint from both fire sections is open at the top and allows the fire gases to escape into adequately protected areas.
- the gap can thus preferably also act as additional smoke and heat exhaust (SHE).
- a gap on both sides of the gate can lead to adequately protected areas, which is the case according to the current state of the art and licensing practice, if either a covering can be led sufficiently over the roof (for fire walls according to German building law 50 - 80 cm) or if the roof is made non-combustible in the area of the gap, for example with concrete or aerated concrete.
- the fire protection closure is arranged hanging.
- the door can preferably be rolled with a "roll yoke" on a covering method. If this is inclined, the door, supported by gravity, can also roll down in the closing direction, which leads to greater independence from the motorized closing technology which is at risk in the event of a fire .
- arrangements of the smoke protection curtain are known per se in the prior art (Stöbich), all known structural designs of vertically lowering fire protection closures, folding doors or variations thereof being possible.
- Preferred gates can now be used in connection with bulkheads, which serve to stiffen fire walls. This is advantageous because the use of bulkheads helps to reduce the width and the necessary closing path of the gate, which reduces problems associated with this.
- fire protection material particularly preferably with foaming materials known from the door and gate area, for which approvals already exist.
- a motor is provided which helps to move the gate.
- a spindle gear is particularly preferred for this, since it is de-energized, i.e. wedges itself after a long fire and prevents the door from opening even when the shelves collapse and are loaded.
- the walls can be made from all sufficiently fire-resistant combinations of material and geometry. hen. Nevertheless, an enclosure on both sides of the gate is preferred, which reliably guarantees a positive and / or positive connection even in the event of a fire under the deformations caused by the fire.
- the folding piece in the shelf operating rails preferably ensures unimpeded passage of the door. It is particularly preferred to enable mechanical devices to fold away in connection with the movement of the door in order to limit the complexity of the control in the event of a fire. Also and / or alternatively, floor seals made of building blocks are possible, as is known per se in particular in the case of conveying technology through walls. Nevertheless, the solution with an interruption of the rail is a very reliable variant.
- Protection is also claimed for control components that ensure that the storage and retrieval machines move out of the closing area of the gate in the event of an alarm.
- a method for producing prefabricated concrete elements which have a dimension that is substantially larger in two directions than in the third direction and a part of an in particular filigree repetitive structure and in particular a long (ie over 3 m and in particular more) than 6 m) of a building, in particular precast concrete parts for high-bay warehouses and / or ceiling support elements for buildings or bridge carriageways and / or other elements that are particularly stressed on bending loads, it is proposed that a number of formwork forms be provided in which bushings for prestressing steel are provided as required , The prestressing steels are greased through the formwork as required, tension wires and / or reinforcement cages are inserted into the formwork as required, formwork oil is applied, the forms are filled with concrete, and then n The surface is compacted and / or smoothed by a load plate, molds are fitted with built-in parts before and / or after
- component weights with a concrete cross section of more than 10 ⁇ 10 cm 2 and lengths> 3 m, preferably 6 m, from a hundred kg / h. or a concrete cross-section of about 22 cm x 35 cm and on various concrete slabs.
- the weight of the fili granular structure without significantly influencing the costs per construction volume as high as with a given lifting or means of transport design, since doubling the weight increases the assembly costs only by approx. 10%, while dividing the assembly costs into two parts by the same weight approx. 80% increased.
- the formwork and / or assembly devices do not change or change only insignificantly, for example by reducing the size of the formwork with insert boxes for customer-requested intermediate pallet clearance variations.
- a certain aspect of the invention is based on the knowledge that the technologies developed in the sleeper production for slab tracks can also be used in the serial production of large two-dimensional support and load-bearing elements in particular, in order to form three-dimensional skeletal structures, so that for the - total protection is claimed. Not only is the principle of assembly line production consistently implemented, but the individual steps in production can also be automated to a high degree and supported by robots or optimally adapted to the site conditions, in particular the employment of low-qualified personnel and / or adverse weather conditions.
- Loose reinforcement can be reduced, partially or completely eliminated and / or limited to areas pre-assembled on built-in parts, such as needles, coils, etc. themselves
- pre-woven baskets and the like can also be used as an alternative that complies with the standards without significantly increasing the costs, provided that this should not be possible due to building inspectorate approvals and the like.
- a slack reinforcement is used, it is particularly easy to vary and adapt the respective components to specific purposes. In particular, the steel diameter or its quality can be varied.
- a method for preassembling a prefabricated concrete element in which a series of concrete elements are preassembled as a hinge, preferably as a closed hinge, with at least one degree of freedom and more than three parts, if necessary the preassembled part is transported to the construction site and erected or erected there is rotated to its final shape, in particular by a pure rotation.
- the production process can be designed in such a way that it is possible to bring in the concrete by gravity direct discharge from the truck mixer by unloading in a simple form and to use reinforcement and preferably flaccid, especially finally, to add flaccid reinforcement from above, it can be provided that it already pre-bent and / or in parts and / or entirely contains longitudinal and / or shear reinforcement and possibly also other built-in parts, and so by pre-braiding and / or the use of Drawing mats the cumbersome reinforcement work in the formwork can be minimized or completely eliminated.
- Vibrators for venting the concrete can be mounted on crossbeams to automate this process and / or external vibrators can be arranged on the formwork batteries.
- the heavy formwork batteries can be more than twice as large and still cheaper with the same, locally available hoists.
- the preparation ie pre-assembly of simply statically overdetermined joint mechanisms, is preferred because the installation state can only be achieved by simply pulling or twisting. Furthermore, the node connections can preferably remain articulated in the final state or can also be rigid.
- the pre-assembly according to the invention Driving offers the advantage that the pre-assembly at stationary production sites of the parts to be pre-assembled can, but does not have to. This takes advantage of an existing comprehensive infrastructure, which enables low production costs, and the storage spaces with the transport equipment and hoists, such as gantry cranes and the like, which can be used for assembly during idle times. In addition, pre-assembly times can be reduced further by using dedicated pre-assembly machines.
- the components produced and / or used to carry out the invention are as long as possible, since the assembly costs per building volume and thus substantially also the total costs of the installed part are very strongly included in the total costs.
- the crane hook loads of, for example, 50 t / crane hook and more, which are common at construction sites are hardly cost-relevant.
- the filigree components located on the floor are easier to connect because, in particular, there are no wind loads etc. that impair assembly.
- the presence of a closed joint mechanism is also advantageous here, since the end position is reached by a single degree of freedom, ie by a single movement.
- Frame parallelograms that are not transportable by road and / or crane, such as those with sizes of 35m x 15m and 8m x 35m sloping, can also be realized in on-site production, since the large final weight of the frame parallelogram can only be achieved in prefabrication close to the ground and no longer has to be lifted altogether, because approx Half of the load can rest on the pivot point connected to the base plate.
- the configuration in which the plurality of individual parts are fastened to one another in the manner of a parallel logogram and / or ladder rungs in such a way that the parallelogram can be pulled into its end position with a single adjustment on site is also preferred, because such a later wider, usually orthogonal structure can be pushed together and transported across the street with a reduced width.
- a carrier grate of 9 m x 9 m, when installed, with a loading area of less than 2.50 m can be transported on a trailer less than 18 m long without additional costs for special transports. As a result, the element width can increase to 9 m and more while reducing costs.
- the parallelogram-like and / or rung-like pre-assembly for high-bay warehouse components according to the invention is particularly preferred, especially since this simplifies dismantling and / or assembly elsewhere later.
- a pre-assembly procedure for example in high-bay warehouses, is particularly preferred as follows: two standing disks are provided with stiffening, for example cross members, and are arranged spatially with respect to one another in such a way that edge bolts can be fastened to both standing disks and for both aisles, which forms a parallelogram that can be erected and assembled. This is preferably done using two traverses, in particular fish-belly traverses, and in such a way that the frame parallelogram is applied for the entire height of the building. It should also be mentioned that the traverse described here can serve in its essential components to support the lifting and turning of the heavy battery formwork. It should be noted that a target data set can be compared with the actual measurement results after part of the assembly and z. B. compensatory measures can be taken on the Fischbauchtraversen.
- a first step in the assembly or pre-assembly process is stripping.
- a traversing carriage in combination with known lifting technology is proposed , which enables simple stripping by simple actuators, in particular hydraulic actuators, and in the raised state.
- Appropriate method and a corresponding lowering or stacking of a concrete post enables, particularly preferably in combination with the fish-bellied traverse.
- the preferred stroke of presses, such as those used for the bases can easily be increased to 250 to 350 mm, unless additional stripping hydraulics are to be used.
- the chassis can be used on the smooth soles
- High-bay warehouse simple roller undercarriages from transportation can be used within factories.
- a running track can support the guidance. This can expediently also be the same running rail that is later used by the gantry crane required for the edge bolt assembly and which is also preferably used to non-positively connect the base supports under the bases of the fish-bellied traverse.
- the traverse When or for the first time the formwork is stripped, the traverse is preferably placed directly or via an intermediate structure and transported to the place of further use, where it is only lifted at one end in order to approximate the size of the load to be lifted cut in half; then a second truss beam is placed on the first structure and equipped with a second concrete post.
- Each concrete post typically weighs over 25 t, approximately up to 50 to 70 t, for which the hoist is fully designed. Now the bars are completed in this inclined position, i.e. close to the ground.
- the fish belly traverse can be provided with an extendable element to stabilize it and support it on the ground.
- the special length of the uprights preferably the height of the building and in the case of walls against flashover over the roof, now leads to further decisive advantages.
- the uprights are preferably seamless and therefore allow very thin thicknesses of only 18 cm or preferably up to 25 - 30 cm. A shock of such highly stressed
- bolts in particular edge bolts
- bolts are continuously connected after the parallelograms have been installed, either by casting reinforcement that protrudes from both sides, by bolting the top plates of the top plates to the ends of the bolts with inside the bolts non-positively fastened anchor parts or also by means of other connecting means, in particular instantly non-positively acting, such as weldable protruding reinforcement.
- the changing deflections which are disruptive in the case of cantilever systems for pallet storage, are significantly reduced.
- the seamlessness of the massive levels means that in tolerance-critical structures such as high-bay warehouses, vertical tolerances do not add up at every joint or, alternatively, have to be compensated for by a lot of effort.
- the support of the so-called fish-belly traverses can be designed in such a way that not only vertical loads are derived, but also high wind loads from all directions. At the same time, it can be designed so that it is erected e.g. 100 t entire parallelogram in at least 2 spatial directions and preferably all 3 rotations, can be adjusted easily, suitable for construction sites and safely.
- base points with actuators are provided, the base points being connected to one another via transverse yokes. Because of the flexibility of the uprights, it is desirable that the aisle-side base points of the transverse yokes move against each other in a small order of magnitude, although typically ⁇ +/- 2 cm are sufficient.
- spindle motors can be used, although hydraulic cylinders can also be used to lift and lower heavy loads, which leads to a simple and inexpensive method. These hydraulic cylinders can be reliably secured against unintentional lowering even over a long period of time.
- pendulum calottes with a low overall height (e.g. 50 mm) are offered for low torsion angles (e.g. below 5 degrees), which can be mounted below and above the cylinders. This creates a pendulum rod with one or two articulated ends in a simple form.
- the pendulum caps are preferred because when lowering to adjust typically 50 - 100 mm, the twists are no longer small and differ depending on the lowering
- statically determined bearing ie an arrangement of presses and / or construction elements in which no constraining forces can be triggered by control errors on site. NEN and thus forces from the press movements can be avoided, which can stress the structural parts quickly to breakage, especially with vertical loads.
- an inclination of presses against each other defines exactly where displacements should occur freely and where instead forces should be transferred.
- An inclination of a press pendulum rod in a spatial direction transfers forces in this direction; if it is not inclined, horizontal displacements are possible.
- An inclination of the presses against one another is preferably to be balanced such that the horizontal components, which are caused by vertical loads, cancel each other out.
- a secure stand is ensured by using only two widely spaced bases per cross yoke, since the lever arm of the support forces becomes large and static bearing conditions also result in constant storage conditions.
- a base point For a statically determined mounting of two crosses of a transverse yoke, it is preferred to design a base point in such a way that transverse loads from wind can be absorbed horizontally in both directions, as well as the existing vertical loads. This is done by arranging two presses.
- the statically determined system in the plane perpendicular to the transverse yoke is that of a so-called three-joint frame.
- the momentary center of the three-joint frame is below the axis of rotation of the transverse yoke, so that pure horizontal movements of the fulcrum can be carried out without triggering even with parallel press runs.
- vertical and transverse movements transverse to the transverse yoke can be carried out in any combination.
- a prerequisite for a horizontal displacement and adjustment of the frame by pure vertical movement of parallel presses is that the momentary center of the star base is not at the same height as the pivot point of the parallelogram. Kinematically, a pure vertical movement of presses then also produces a horizontal movement.
- the construction disclosed here also enables the uprighting process, typically from 15 degrees to 90 and rotation of the base points perpendicular to the transverse yoke axis on the two hinge pins.
- the mounting which is rigid against bending perpendicularly to the erection axis also makes it possible to pivot through 180 degrees. This opens up the possibility of using the traverse and also its hydraulics for stripping, cross-processing, stacking and lowering the walls, ceilings or uprights manufactured using the sole formwork process.
- the support means can be designed as a double or multiple support to further increase stability.
- Bolting is possible, which at 80 degrees makes the now straight rod electrically pressure-controlled, whereby the last 10 degrees can be guided in a controlled manner by an extendable spindle.
- the spindle is chosen because of the long stroke at typically 10 degrees with a length of 1000 mm, for example, and because of the tensile and pressure-resistant power transmission practically without slippage.
- a low pitch of the spindle reliably ensures that the parallelogram does not change its position due to wind during the many hours of alignment, but remains positively and positively positioned.
- two synchronously running spindle motors are used, each of which can move up to approx. 10 t dynamic load with spindles which typically take up to 30 t each. It is anchored in the sole, preferably on anchor steels for the future uprights.
- a crawler crane that can be moved under load instead of a jerked-off truck crane is particularly useful because the crawler crane can move along the parallelogram when erecting and so the parallelogram always has the same short lever arm from typically 6 to 10 m. At 25 m mobile cranes need approx. 14 m lever arm.
- warehouses and in particular high-bay warehouses are characterized by the fact that the conveyors and / or rack operating devices run along an aisle that is typically 100 or 150 m long and enables storage transport only in longitudinal strips of the rack operating device alley.
- the reason for the long warehouse is the optimization of the shelf operating times and the high costs of the shelf operating devices. Therefore, most bearings are significantly longer than they are wide, typically 5 times as long as they are wide. It is clear that this creates long distances for the goods to be conveyed, because a pallet must now be moved along the entire aisle and additionally over the pre-zone until it reaches your customer in order to be picked, dispatched or stored, etc. automatic bearings there is a complete fragmentation effect of the bearing, i. H. that the stored goods are transported along the aisle and not across the aisles (apart from the direct storage and retrieval in the directly adjacent shelf). A cross transport only takes place at the head end, in the so-called warehouse pre-zone.
- bearings according to the invention as in principle in the case of any other bearing, it is therefore preferred to organize transport transversely to the rack operating devices, that is to say to arrange the factory on the long side of the bearing and one or more “I / O” points on it To be provided on the long side.
- rack operating devices that is to say to arrange the factory on the long side of the bearing and one or more “I / O” points on it To be provided on the long side.
- I / O “I / O” points on it
- the design of a racking system and racking and retrieval machines is preferably such that a pallet space for racking and racking devices can be reached from two aisles. It is already state of the art to design storage and retrieval machines in such a way that their telescopic forks can reach into the shelf more than one pallet depth. Often, pallets are stored twice deep on the shelf and the storage and retrieval machine reaches twice deep, i.e. There are 4 pallets between the aisles and each pallet is approached by a shelf operating device in one aisle. In contrast, the shelf should preferably be designed in an inventive manner or the forks constructed so long that a pallet space can be reached from both adjacent aisles.
- This FiFo strategy can only be implemented with many rearrangements, i.e. the middle pallets (e.g. at night) have to be moved to the outside on shelf bays, while with 3 bays and double-length telescopic forks the middle bays can be reached if only one of the bays on the side is not occupied, which then reduces the number of transfers.
- Input / output points on the side surface of the warehouse can increase the speed of the warehouse because the paths of the storage and retrieval machines do not always lead to the front zone, but also drive to shorter, central areas.
- the average path shortening that can be achieved in this way permits a flatter high-bay warehouse design with the same access times, which is preferred for cost reasons. It is particularly preferred because it is easy to implement if a conveyor device can transport pallets directly onto the shelf through an opening in the facade.
- the extensive horizontal transport technology of today's factories, such as chain conveyor belts, pre-zones, etc., is thus completely or partially omitted.
- a closure is indicated on the table, for example, a high-speed door that is available on the market or other structural measures.
- the special feature here is the high unloading speed and the direct route to the warehouse.
- the transport device here a truck
- the transport device is moved to the side of the storage and retrieval machine and is immediately unloaded without the usual forklift transport.
- the usual shelf is omitted.
- a truck is unloaded from the storage and retrieval machine, preferably manually due to the positioning accuracy, the truck being given two pallets at the same time per storage and retrieval machine game. So he can in can be loaded and unloaded on a train and the storage and retrieval machine is also particularly optimized since both directions of travel can be driven with cargo for this truck.
- this second device Since transport across the aisle is advantageous, but storage and retrieval machines are up to 40 m high and are therefore expensive devices that cannot always be available during high warehouse operations, it is proposed to use a second, simpler conveying device in the same aisle, which is used for transverse transport can support or alternatively support the longitudinal transport, in terms of control in coordination with the storage and retrieval unit. It is particularly preferred for this second device if it has a low height, at least that it does not act over the full aisle height and also uses the shelf operating rail on the ceiling. It can be provided that this device uses the space at the edge of the aisle for its floor guidance and, in particular as a result, does not consume any additional storage length in the storage and retrieval unit buffer area, since it is pushed over the storage and retrieval unit base. This distinguishes it from known special cases in the prior art, from which it is known to already use several storage and retrieval machines in one aisle.
- a simple traversing trolley which can move to the shelves with the forks known from the shelf operating devices, can be provided, for example only a lower pallet level.
- the entry and lowering movements are of the Storage and retrieval machines known.
- An undercarriage runs on its own, simple rails or with rollers on the floor or uses the shelf control rail. It can be seen that such a device can significantly increase storage flexibility with little effort. It can also work on several levels one above the other and / or one behind the other, ie increase the corresponding speed with a corresponding number of forks. Only one or two aisles are particularly preferably provided, since no special transverse carriages have to be provided here, since it is possible to serve from the sides. This makes it possible, as preferred, to dispense with the so-called pre-zone of the high-bay warehouse or to significantly reduce it.
- a building with repetitive filigree structure that was created before is preferably not permanently used.
- the former purlins and transoms of the camp construction) and those parts of the facade that are not upgraded by window systems are particularly relevant , usually up to 3 sides of the facade.
- the facade can be retrofitted with particularly little effort if the floor plan is not disturbed by many walls (such as hall walls of offices).
- light strips are arranged vertically, since a large proportion of the facade can be preserved and the trapezoidal sheets or cassette sheet sections that run vertically as a rule can simply be exchanged for exposure systems with the largest possible light transmission area. This means that a larger part of the facade can be preserved than with horizontal window systems.
- the roof with its drainage system and the smoke and heat exhaust systems as well as parts of the electrical and ventilation centers and parts of the existing building components can be used in general, just as the sprinkler system can be used in whole or in part after a conversion.
- the existing storage and retrieval machines on the new floors can serve as freight elevators for pallets and the like, especially since they are already in the higher-level IT control systems of the old warehouse operations are integrated and thus also and especially connect the new production areas logistically and in terms of material flow with the old ones, ie a production network is created between the mostly existing old factory and the new conversion.
- the guide rails of the storage and retrieval unit can continue to be used as crane rails if they are used in a different way.
- the warehouse or part of it is decommissioned. Individual areas of the facade are dismantled and supplemented by a new facade with lighting systems. Single be Concrete parts of the warehouse are dismantled in order to be able to reach the floor height desired for later use. In this case, the easy-to-detach reinforcements or bolt connections can play an economically important role, in contrast to the otherwise difficult or non-destructive connections in construction and warehouse construction.
- the ceilings are placed on the remaining or strengthened horizontal supporting structures. Depending on the ceiling load of the future use, it may also make sense to replace the horizontal support structures. Particular attention should be paid to the statics of the construction conditions.
- ceiling elements are so-called trapezoidal sheet ceilings, on which a layer of in-situ concrete can be pumped, because of their easy transportability even without high-rise cranes.
- the additionally required stairwells are installed, preferably because of the crane independence from masonry, typically every 50 m due to the escape route requirements of the building regulations. For example, 2 staircases are sufficient for a 50 m long warehouse.
- the removed precast concrete parts can be removed and easily reinstalled elsewhere, since the dimensions for pallets are standardized.
- expansion and building services can be added to the floors now available in the shell.
- the costs for expansion and building services which do not disappear due to the fact that old systems and components can continue to be used, would almost be due in full when building a new floor. This is only to explain how attractive a change of use can be.
- a standard trolley can now be attached to the existing storage and retrieval unit guide rail in a simple form, with which special load suspension devices ensure that after loosening the connections (usually bolts) the concrete parts can be lowered.
- a structure similar to a crossbar assembly truss is advantageous.
- a portal or a yoke can be arranged. So you can on the Portal move a trolley with the lifting device across the aisle, which significantly increases the dismantling speed.
- This is known per se from overhead cranes.
- the effective range of such a portal crane construction is now limited to the width between two supports.
- the portal carrier in such a way that it can detach itself from one of the supporting trolleys, e.g. B. by a bolt that loosens automatically.
- Slow guidance for example on a rope, prevents the portal from falling.
- the suspension on the trolley on the other side is designed so that the portal can lower from the horizontal to the vertical by rotation. Now a process is possible in the aisle, past the previously disruptive support.
- the assembly of the gantry crane for work in the new column field is preferably carried out using the same means as for lowering, except that the rope is now attached and the gantry is lifted from the vertical back into the horizontal.
- the guide rails on the ceiling of the high-bay warehouse can serve well, preferably in conjunction with simple trolleys, which enable fast lifting and longitudinal transport of building materials (also for interior fittings and building services) of all kinds.
- mixed use above the storage level of the high-bay warehouse is also possible, which can be provided immediately or later after the construction of the high-bay warehouse. It should only be mentioned that even at times when the high-bay warehouse is designed as a warehouse, mixed uses are possible in such a way that floor usage is provided above the high-bay warehouse. This is made possible by the fire-resistant supports, at least in F-60 usually. in F-90, preferably as described previously.
- the standard steel supports of the high-bay warehouse as is common in the state of the art, are not sufficient for this.
- the ceiling of the high-bay warehouse is then also fire-resistant and usually in F-90 or even F-120, i.e. preferred and usually be trained in concrete.
- a preferred and cost-optimal variant is the design of the roof as aerated concrete, in F-90 and so on. measure that he can take over loads for a later additional use.
- a very inexpensive variant is to also take up the old roof skin, to use the mostly existing trapezoidal steel sheets as formwork for an in-situ concrete ceiling and not from the outset, as with aerated concrete or also immediately for in-situ concrete, to have additional costs in the start-up investment.
- a preferred variant is also to arrange the guide rails of the storage and retrieval machines on the top floor of the new use as a substructure for hoists of all kinds, such as trolleys or monorails. It is also preferred to locate in the column-free space at both head ends of the warehouse, which are necessary for future operation from the point of view of use, without taking up the precious space within the columns of the warehouse, which can be used more economically for floor use such as office or manufacturing. Preferred uses in the head area are especially the stairwells with elevators, washing and toilet facilities as well as building services centers such as. B. ventilation or electrical.
- Firewalls can e.g. B. simply made from 24 KSV. In this way, the cost level that is possible on new construction sites can be achieved again. It is also proposed to use these wall cross-members for bracing and in particular for the wind load transfer of the building across the aisle.
- the bars are suitable to be upgraded or designed.
- High-bay warehouses are very often equipped with a sprinkler system for fire fighting, which is typically arranged in every second to third level, depending on the stored goods.
- the fire-fighting sprinkler heads are located directly below the pallet storage levels and are thus in a favorable position for future use. as a multi-storey building, with little or no conversion work to improve fire protection in the new use.
- a high-bay warehouse is built up with them, in particular to design them in such a way that a cross member is provided which is designed such that a central aisle through a ceiling level, preferably through prefabricated elements , in particular plates made of concrete and / or steel. Reusable plates can preferably be used here.
- the aisle width can be used in clearing up to the distance between the longitudinal beams and / or uprights of the support grate. This also applies to an aisle created on the lowest level, in particular the sole, which is preferably used for picking and / or for receiving horizontal conveying technology. In connection with steel shelf construction, this principle has already been registered as a so-called high-bay warehouse.
- wall structures are often provided within the warehouse, which are used for structural fire protection and in the event of fire serve to protect the stored goods outside the section affected by the fire.
- These walls are usually designed as fire walls according to DIN 4102 or as complex partition walls. The technology is described in particular in the draft VDI guideline 3564.
- the support profile can preferably consist of commercially available rolled angles, C-profiles or edged special profiles of all kinds. It is preferred if the large construction tolerances and / or shelf steel construction tolerances of +/- 3 cm that occur in the concrete construction of the wall are accommodated in the horizontal support part protruding from the wall, preferably from its upper flange, since the profile itself is not in this way protrudes the light room.
- FEM 9.831 The tolerances in high-bay warehouse construction are defined by FEM 9.831, which was previously only very uneconomical for concrete construction. So far, therefore, the steel structure on the back has been consistently separated from the wall, since the tolerances on the aisle side, particularly horizontal, across the aisle, have to be observed, which until now concrete construction could not represent economically. It is therefore crucial to create a reliable, economical and, above all, economical option in everyday construction site work, in particular to compensate for the above-mentioned horizontal tolerance of the concrete, but also its vertical one; According to FEM 9.831, only a few millimeters are permissible on the aisle side horizontally and vertically up to a total of no more than 1 cm as the sum of all influences from shelf and wall mounting, horizontally and across the aisle. However, end customers and machine builders in the market usually require full tolerance accuracy without compromises.
- the usual ratio of the number of lowbeam fastening points to longitudinal bolt fastening points is typically at least 3 x 2 to 1, i. H. there are usually at least 3 times as many support points on the rear wall as on the bulkhead walls; however, the ratio can be up to 1:20.
- the costs of the rear fastening are therefore more important in relation to the pallet space.
- the attachment is preferably carried out under or at least in the vicinity of each cross member or, if the pallet is rotated, under their feet.
- one or more holes should preferably also be made blind in the holes in the profile. The manufacturing effort for this is marginal, but if there is reinforcement in the concrete wall below the planned hole, the hole next to it can be used without having to drill the hole as an expensive core hole.
- Slotted hole constructions are also conceivable as an alternative, but tend to be more uneconomical in terms of their hole reveal, unless a widening of the screw shank can remedy the situation, for example by suitably shaped washers.
- the profile can run over several meters or can be installed in short, easy-to-assemble pieces. In terms of the method, it is preferred if the column which bores the holes also directly assembles the rear profiles. This eliminates the travel times for installing the profiles.
- the bores in the concrete itself can preferably be made through pre-arranged holes in the construction or through another suitable holder for the precise guidance of the drill.
- Adjustment of the construction can also be carried out using assembly aids, e.g. a hydraulic or motor or spindle-driven device.
- the crossmember is preferably designed so that it can be moved around, preferably with lifting devices that are customary on construction sites, or can also be moved on the base plate.
- a recess in the wall can be complementary. It is also preferred to arrange a simple compensation strip, as is customary in precast construction, between the precast part and the wall. This improves the quality of the support at low cost. It is also preferred to leave a gap under the built-in support element, for example of 1 cm, so that the support element can only be supported against the inclined walls of the recess and a corresponding fixing contact pressure is created.
- top and / or bottom conical are preferred for better stripping.
- the so-called overhead of the bulkheads in the case of practical constructions carried out means that, for example, only 2 x 3 pallets are stored side by side between two bulkheads, which is quite the order of magnitude of the cost of the wall sections in between.
- the cost of the wall section itself is determined almost exclusively by its length. It is now possible for the bulkheads to be displaced, which can double the length of the wall section with the same width. So only half as much bulkheads are needed in the floor plan as before. There will also be no opposite cost effect in the tonnage of reinforcing steel because in the main load case wind the entire wall, including the bulkheads, acts as a supporting structure on both sides.
- the shelf planning should preferably be carried out in such a way that the distance between two bulkhead walls is chosen as large as possible without increasing the thickness of the wall sections beyond the minimum required by the standards or required by hand.
- the sliding construction guideline of the German Concrete walls should not be less than 18 cm in wall thickness, 20 cm are usual. In the case of climbing formwork, the thickness can be reduced to approx. 15 cm, but this is not practicable from a construction point of view, since otherwise the concrete can only be compacted in accordance with quality at low concreting heights, which in turn is not cost-effective.
- firewalls consists in producing supports and preferably reinforced concrete pendulum supports clamped with the foundation and in producing corresponding infills, preferably made of aerated concrete or prefabricated reinforced concrete parts.
- Separation layer happen, preferably PVC film, which prevents the fresh concrete of the plate from sticking; alternatively, it is also possible to lay out a simple formwork floor and or formwork element floor.
- a stripping aid which preferably acts on the head of the traverse and possibly works hydraulically, is an advantage.
- the increased accuracy is particularly noticeable when the thickness of the plate is to be reduced as much as possible in order to assemble the largest possible plates with the same hoist and thus save material as well as assembly costs. Due to the size of the parts, the number of horizontal and / or vertical joints that are properly trained in terms of fire protection and correspondingly expensive, which are correspondingly more necessary for smaller parts, is reduced. The joint-free design is preferred.
- a rigid or in the composite rigid cross-beam prevents the thin concrete slab from being destroyed by bending forces when lifting, which is preferably done from the narrow side; the crossbeam either absorbs the bending forces completely or predominantly or it is lighter in construction and uses the concrete slab as the lower chord, so that the lower chord in particular becomes particularly light or may be omitted.
- the connections between the crossbeam and the plate must be designed to be shear-resistant, or a slip between the crossbeam and the concrete plate can be permitted, which in turn facilitates the attachment.
- the large number of high walls and fire walls as is particularly the case with high-bay warehouses, predestines the use of this design due to the large dimensions and the large dimensions. sole plate available for several months.
- the plates are expediently not assembled by threading them from above, but rather by inserting them into pockets from the side in order to limit the size of the hoist given the very high weights.
- the fire protection of the joint is preferably carried out according to the known methods by using a reusable formwork, which preferably acts over the entire height, the joint closes with fire protection agent (preferably filled with mortar). This can preferably be done by filling or pressing.
- studs can be installed between the uprights of the vertical load transfer. These can be used for order picking by warehouse workers moving along the tunnel, in particular to order-based order picking from the two outer rows of the pallets.
- these tunnels can now be used and designed so that the storage and retrieval point of the conveyor technology is not in the end area of an aisle as before, i.e. Usually provides in the area of the so-called high-bay warehouse - pre-zone, but to move towards the center of the warehouse in order to reduce the travel time of the storage and retrieval machines accordingly.
- one or more storage and retrieval points can be set up outside the bearing head end from the gallery, preferably from one gallery in both adjacent aisle sides, since a gallery is only required in every second shelf block.
- the I / O point can be approached with manual conveyor technology or an automated horizontal conveyor technology can preferably also be used, such as chain conveyors or conveyor belts. This conveyor technology can also support picking. Any number of I / O points per tunnel are possible.
- the stud can be set up on the sole or at any altitude. The further the I / O points are moved in the direction of half the height of the rack system, the more the SHELVED CONTROL UNIT shortens travel times in the vertical direction.
- the stud is preferably to be arranged between the uprights, but can also be located outside and preferably uses the existing shelf construction as a substructure. Dismantling of the tunnel ceiling by means of removable panels is also preferred.
- Figure 1 is a plan view of a component according to the invention as a support grid.
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view of part of a component according to the invention as a frame support grate cross member;
- FIG. 3a, b show a detailed view of the mounting of the component according to the invention on a high-bay storage support in a top view (FIG. 3a) and in section (FIG. 3b); 4 shows the component according to the invention in the transport state; 5 shows two states of straight drawing for a component parallelogram according to the invention;
- FIG. 6 shows a component of the present invention formed as a shelf frame for a high-bay warehouse
- 7 shows the design of a high-bay warehouse in such a way that a pallet transfer in the gallery is made possible directly into middle aisles with multiple deep storage;
- FIG. 8a top view, side view and end view of 8b, 8c a center bar
- 9a shows the loading of a center bar with pallets in a high-bay warehouse from the alley;
- 9b shows the top view from the end face of the bearing;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a device used in the assembly of edge bolts
- 10b shows a mounting crossbar for edge bolts
- 11 shows a centering and mounting device for edge bolts
- Fig.l2a-c detailed views of a centering and mounting device for edge bolts
- FIG. 14 shows a rotary battery formwork for bolt production; Fig. 15. Side formwork of the sole formwork process for in-situ concrete uprights;
- 16a, b profiles for prefabricated parts of concrete filigree structures for connection to fire walls; 16c, d Details of the easing of the bond, top views of the high-bay warehouse from above, detailed views from the side near the wall below. 16d2 Top views of the high-bay warehouse from above for double-deep storage of pallets across the aisle, left in a conventional solution, in the middle the Solution according to the invention in steel, on the right in concrete with only one bolt
- 17a shows the cross-section of the bar for simple deep storage with bars without longitudinal profiling
- 17b the cross-section of the bar with simply deep storage with intermediate use of pallets to increase flexural rigidity
- 17c the cross-section of the transom at one and a half times lower
- Fire wall 20a shows a fire protection door in the closed and in the open (retracted) state; 20b shows a variation of this
- 21 shows a roof structure and joints open at the top on a fire protection door for the flue gas extraction; 22 shows an alternative fire protection device using a curtain;
- Fig. 24 is a floor plan example of a high-bay warehouse ceiling use
- FIG. 27a shows a floor plan for use as an office with vertical access in the head building;
- 29 shows a factory floor plan with vertical access
- 29a shows a variation with partial high-bay warehouse continued use
- FIG. 30 shows a sectional view of FIG. 29 with partial further use of shelf parts in the factory floors
- FIG. 31 shows an embodiment of a preferred roof rack support and removal of supports
- Fig. 34 a dismantling arrangement for the high-bay warehouse; Fig. 35 partial dismantling when converted, seen from above;
- Fig. 41 is a base support for erecting the
- FIG. 44 shows a further position during the erection
- FIG. 45a details of an extension piece with spindle stabilization
- FIG. 45b a support detail
- FIG. 46 further details on this
- Fig. 47 Details of the support with a base, whereby the presses for adjustment can be seen at the top and the pendulum caps are shown in the lower part of the figure
- Fig. 49 the base on wheels for standing transport in a lying position
- 50 shows the assembly of bolts from a crane
- Fig. 51 motor arrangement on a center bolt. Installation plate; 52 the lifting of the rotary formwork with a hoist on a short boom which engages on lifting tongues;
- Fig. 53 Rotating the shutters using the battery method on the construction site for chord production.
- High-bay warehouses are known, but can be improved.
- pallets are stored in parking spaces.
- the pallets 262 are placed on their parking spaces with a so-called storage and retrieval device 263, which travels at high speed through an alley between the parking spaces, or is fetched from them.
- the parking spaces are formed by horizontally running bars, which are referred to as bars 264 and which are fastened to vertically upstanding supports 265.
- bars 264 horizontally running bars
- FIG. 28 A detail of a high-bay warehouse is shown in Fig. 28, where uprights and transoms can be seen.
- the invention now proposes to provide a repetitive concrete structure in order to achieve improvements. This is explained below, first using an example of the production of a longitudinal cross member arrangement as a component of the invention. First of all, the design, manufacture and assembly of the longitudinal cross member arrangement are described. Then further useful details of the invention and winding formations are discussed. It will be seen that large-volume mass concrete production can be realized, which can also be used in construction site operation under chord conditions.
- a first variant of the present invention creates a factory-made grate for pallet support in new high-bay warehouses, which can be produced with little effort and assembled at the construction site.
- a component generally designated 1, comprises longitudinal members 2 and cross members 3, which cross at intersection points 4, so as to form a support grate which is to be fastened to uprights 9 (FIG. 3).
- the dimensioning is chosen so that four fully loaded Euro pallets can be placed next to each other and 2x3 on the cross member 3.
- the side members 2 and cross members 3 are made of high-strength concrete without loose reinforcement.
- a complementary tenon or thickening 5-sleeve 6 combination is concreted into the longitudinal member 2 and cross member 3 according to FIG. 3a, one element of the sleeve-tenon combination in the longitudinal member 2 and the other element sits adjacent to the cross member 3.
- the bulge 5 is of such a length that it protrudes through the sleeve 6, cf. Pin 5 in Fig. 3.
- the bulge 5 is chamfered at its free end 5a and provided with a thread on which a nut 7 is countered. It is dimensioned to penetrate through a support opening 8a in a support 8 fastened to the steel uprights 9 in such a way that the end of the thickening or pin penetrates through these openings provided and that it adjusts itself.
- the cross members 3 have such a slope that a slightly misaligned pallet slides into the correct position, cf. Slant 3a ⁇ in FIG. 2. According to FIG.
- connections 4 are articulated so that the component 1 according to the invention can be pivoted into the position shown in FIG. 4.
- an orthogonal size of 5.6mx 5.8n it only has a length of approx. Lim when swiveled to a width of less than approx.2.5m. This makes transportation easier.
- the outer articulated connection points 4, cf. Fig. 3, also serve to provide points of attack for a truss and the thickening provided thereon by the pin-sleeve combination is designed accordingly.
- the components 1 according to the invention are produced in a first variant of a production method as follows:
- a number of stenter formwork forms are built that correspond in shape to the required sub-elements. It contains bushings for prestressing steel as required.
- the molds are arranged on an assembly line. Then the bushings of the prestressing steel through the formwork forms are automatically greased with suitable machines as required. It is calculated which tension wires are to be inserted and how and the tension wires are automatically inserted into the formwork as required using suitable machines.
- formwork oil is automatically applied machines.
- the molds are automatically equipped with the sleeves and / or oarlocks, the tensioning wires are pre-tensioned and then the molds are automatically filled with concrete. The surface is then automatically compacted and smoothed using a load plate.
- the finished parts are preassembled like ladder rungs, specifically by measuring their exact manufacturing dimensions and logging target-actual deviations to reduce tolerance.
- the transport takes place in such a way that not the longitudinal and transverse bars are perpendicular to each ⁇ , but at an acute angle to each other. This arrangement is referred to below as a parallelogram.
- the statically overdetermined articulation is unloaded and orthogonalized from the means of transport, typically a truck or wagon. The unloading is done by crane.
- the concrete part parallelogram is orthogonalized, i.e.
- the longitudinal and cross members are aligned perpendicular to each other, which can be achieved using simple, hydraulic or motor-assisted gripping cables and sliding or roller bearings of the longitudinally movable part.
- a corresponding device can be provided on the floor, the truck or wagon and then mounted by means of a crossbar, which is self-adjusting due to its design.
- the parallelogram is self-adjusted in the end position, supported by the traverse. As preferred, it is struck directly at precisely measured exposed areas, namely at the thickening at the joints. Self-adjustment is carried out by precisely fitting holes on a stiffened solid crossmember in the range of, for example, less than +/- 2 mm, which only allows the orthogonal parallelogram shape.
- the tapered oarlocks and / or guide beams cause gravity to push them into the tolerance-accurate end position.
- 5 shows two levels of orthogonal Fixation of the step-like parallelogram, here the step-like parallel grating.
- Fig. 6 shows a concrete element of the present invention, which is a shelf frame for a high-bay warehouse, in plan view, side view and in section. A variant with two times two uprights is shown; alternatively, the use of two and one standing disc is possible.
- a first manufacturing method has been described above, which is particularly preferred when prefabricated parts for fire wall constructions, cross-member prefabricated parts etc. with a length of less than 2.7 m are required. While the above first manufacturing process for filigree precast concrete elements for the skeleton of a building construction has been described, other manufacturing processes can also be used for this.
- orthogonalization of rung-like parallelogram structures made from filigree repetitive structures is not limited to support gratings, as will be explained below. Rather, it is possible, with skillful design of the process and suitable dimensions, made of concrete at low cost, high-precision high-bay warehouse to manufacture parts in which the use of steel was previously preferred for economic reasons.
- FIG. 50 shows an assembly state.
- the upright-transom-precast concrete combination can be used for single or multiple deep storage of pallets, as can be seen in Fig. 17, where upright washers are shown with crossbars of different widths on which differently shaped transoms rest.
- Fig. 17 where upright washers are shown with crossbars of different widths on which differently shaped transoms rest.
- FIG. 8 shows a center bar as a first relevant component of a further embodiment of the present
- Center bars in FIG. 17 are those bars which can be arranged on the crossbars of the uprights, that is to say “in the middle". In the present case, they are distinguished from the edge bars, which are arranged towards the aisle and are attached to an entanglement. According to FIG.
- a central bolt 81 shown in plan view, in cross section through the longitudinal axis and in the view from the front side, or respectively, has profiles 82, 83 which are formed by a correspondingly shaped formwork during casting of the concrete central bolt 81 and are dimensioned in this way that forks of a storage and retrieval unit can be telescoped into the space 84 between the profiles in order to receive or place a pallet set down on the profiles 82 with increased clearances between the lifting fork and the latch or pallet.
- Fig. 9 shows that with such a profiled center bar pallets are placed with simple deep storage so that they are arranged at a predetermined position or get into this.
- a center bar for use on the crossbeam of a post is further formed in such a way that on its one end 401 there is also an upwardly facing bearing surface, while on its opposite end 402 a surface for resting on an adjacent bar protrudes.
- Row 402 then has an extension 402 on the corresponding extension 401 of the neighboring block.
- a bolt or oar 403 or another connector arrangement can be guided through these areas, which in particular also secures the upright 404, as indicated at 405.
- a oarlock is used as the connector arrangement, this will not only penetrate into the upright from the step-like region of the respective lower center bar, but also stand up, an associated sleeve being provided on the step in the upper bar for receiving the doll.
- the sleeve can be tion are arranged in the formwork, so that if a sleeve was also arranged on the post during the formwork for receiving the oarlock at exactly the required position and the oarlock has its predetermined target position in the manufacture of the upper center bolt in FIG.
- center ledgers can be additionally connected by mutually welding reinforcing steel that protrudes from the end face and in particular at least casting the lower joint.
- the central bolt can also be profiled in the longitudinal direction, as indicated in FIGS. 9a, 9b and 40b, for example in order to prevent the pallets to be stacked from being pushed through.
- the central ledger as well as the edge ledger will have a height that takes into account the total loads to be expected and the maximum deflection that is still permissible, and yet only has a height that saves storage space.
- the central ledges now differ in certain aspects from edge ledgers, as can be seen below. To explain these differences, reference is made again to FIG. 17. According to FIG. 17, bars 170a, 171b and 171c are provided on uprights, on which pallets 172a, 172b are stored several times deep from an aisle located at arrow 173. As can be seen, the near-aisle bar 171a, which is referred to as an edge bar, has a smaller width and thickness than the off-bar bar 171c.
- the middle bar 171b ie a middle bar, has a lower support height with a smaller thickness 171bl for the support of the pallet 172a near the aisle, while an area with a larger support height or thickness 171b2 is provided for the storage of the gas-remote pallet 172b its height above the ground corresponds to that of the support height of the latch 171c.
- the size of the step 171b3 between the two support surfaces corresponds to about 60-200 mm, which enables the telescoping of the storage and retrieval vehicle fork rails for gripping the pallets 172b which are stored deeper into the corresponding recesses on the pallet.
- the shapes which can be realized particularly well with the methods according to the invention are considered in themselves to be particularly advantageous and patent-worthy.
- 17aII shows how a bearing without longitudinal profiling can be formed in the case of simply deep storage.
- 17b shows that the free dimensions between the pallets can be provided by means of a stiffening rib using the free pallet dimensions in order to increase the bending stiffness and to prevent push-through.
- FIGS. 17 c shows bar designs for embedments of different depths.
- the person skilled in the art is aware of the four-quarter frame effect of the standing pane against lateral buckling and lateral wind forces.
- Fig. 17e shows the saving of bulkheads by staggered arrangement and monolithic formation of walls 17el.
- a haunch that is, a thickening, is provided on the support in order to achieve an improvement in the load-bearing strength near the thickening by thickening or increasing the transom.
- FIG. 18 shows alternative profile shapes, such as can be selected for multi-deep storage on bars 180a, 180b, 180c for storage from a corridor 181.
- a step 182 is provided in the middle ledger, and a direct connection of the profile 180c to the rear wall is possible without having to use further uprights.
- Profile 180c is made with a folded sheet, which is particularly stiff due to its 2 support lines (clamping effect).
- the top chord of the profile is dimensioned so that concrete wall tolerances, load protrusions and free dimensions are balanced.
- edge bars therefore have recesses into which approaches on the uprights penetrate. This can also be clearly seen in FIG. 12, which shows the assembly states.
- edge bars for an entrenchment fastening are thus formed; for this purpose, in particular, recesses can be provided which are correspondingly precisely removed, for example by providing sleeves made of prefabricated material in a suitable, precisely determined position in the formwork.
- a reinforcement is preferably provided on the uprights themselves for the reinforcement, by means of which the desired higher stability of the reinforcement is achieved.
- a reinforcement 131 made of structural steel can be provided in the brackets 130 or the oarlocks in order to increase stability to reach; in particular, the stiffening steel thickening can be avoided.
- the reinforcement lying in a protective cover made of steel is cast in one pour with the upright.
- the oarlock 130 can be provided with a protective tube 132 made of a rectangular steel tube, in order to prevent damage due to impacts or the rotary movement to be described during orthogonalization or erection and the like, particularly during the construction phase, since this is due to the desired tolerance, dimensional accuracy and load capacity would have a negative impact.
- the bolts are now preferably manufactured using the battery formwork process.
- such a form of form comprises a stable floor construction with conical walls extending generally upward therefrom, between which open-topped chambers for filling with concrete from above, as indicated by the arrow, are formed.
- the bars are profiled in the longitudinal direction by inserting plastic inserts and / or steel boxes into the formwork; These also allow the formwork to be adapted to specific form requirements without completely redesigning the form.
- the one shown is as optional End wall designed so that prestressing steel or other reinforcement elements that can be welded later protrude. Due to the formwork, reinforcement reinforcements can be guided centrally or eccentrically.
- the walls between the individual chambers provide at least partial support against the forces caused in this way.
- An attack 145 for a turning device such as a Rotomat or the like is provided on the end faces of the formwork.
- the side edges can (as shown) be provided with a rounding which facilitates turning around the longitudinal axis, as well as an arm which can be pivoted away therefrom for the attack of a crane hook engaging the formwork for turning.
- the formworks brought to the construction site are now arranged in such a way that a kind of production assembly line is created at the construction site, not by moving the same formworks, but by arranging them in sufficient numbers and processing the work steps of the special columns just as efficiently.
- the formwork is arranged in a matrix-like manner, namely columns and rows of formwork are formed.
- the formworks are arranged one behind the other in successive processing states; in the rows, formworks with the same processing state are provided side by side.
- the formwork forms in a row are provided with sleeves etc. along them by preparatory workers.
- the sleeves can be forced into pins with bolts. It is possible to have a variety of elements in one and the same battery across the same, across the board to produce entire battery running bolt. For example, a single bolt can be used to create a recess or to position a sleeve in a row of adjacent elements. If necessary, reinforcement is provided.
- the formwork forms are filled by a passing concrete mixer and distributed using motor-assisted gauges. The concrete is compacted, smoothed and awaiting hardening.
- the formwork forms are turned.
- the swing-out arms are swung out and a mobile crane is brought up, cf. Fig. 53.
- the mobile crane does not attack centrally on the long side of the formwork, but approximately a quarter of the length.
- the molds are turned over their side opposite the swing-out arm, the crane load being low despite the simultaneous battery production of a large number of elements, the jib arm short and the positional stability of the mold against slipping despite a non-central attack.
- Two adjacent forms of formwork can be turned in opposite directions, ie away from each other.
- the parts are stripped and remain in place for further use. After turning, the formwork can be used again.
- the bars are now used as preferred with uprights, which are also formed as a repetitive filigree concrete structure. Their manufacture differs in a preferred variant from the above battery formwork; A special sole formwork is preferably used, as will be explained.
- an in-situ concrete support 150 is placed, as is preferably lying, on a slab of the building to be erected, an optional intermediate layer 151 also being shown, which facilitates the separation of the finished part from the foundation.
- folding formwork 153 are provided, which ensure the required dimensional accuracy at a defined distance from one another and from the floor.
- the folding formwork is anchored in the foundation for the casting of the post, as is preferred by means of anchoring means, shown here as dowels 154. Only the formwork part that is firmly connected to the sole is to be precisely measured, whereupon entanglements can simply be placed on it and fixed by closing the folding formwork without a separate measurement being necessary.
- FIGS. 15a to 15d Details of the sole formwork are shown in FIGS. 15a to 15d.
- a separating or intermediate layer 156 is provided on the sole 155 and the floor formwork is fastened to the sole as via tolerance-compensating plates 157.
- the bracket of the dunnage itself consists of an arrangement 152 welded from U-iron, a flush closure being provided against the switching part, which closes tightly. The result is a steel composite part.
- the exact longitudinal spacing of the dunnage is achieved inexpensively in the steelworks by aligning against gauges and it is sufficient to simply place it on the sole on the construction site.
- the tolerance-determining thickening side against gauges is aligned in a way that, despite very inexpensive implementation, is also highly accurate at the construction site; that the transmission of the in Gauging precision achieved or achievable in a steelworks on mass-produced concrete parts is obviously also possible for the battery formwork of the other repetitive concrete filigree elements, whereby the inaccuracies do not reduce the precision, particularly in the case of inaccurately manufactured steel elements, because they are positioned against the highly precise gauges can.
- fixed floor formwork which also specifies the required accuracy of the post, can be provided, as indicated in FIG. 15c by reference number 15cl.
- the solid floor formwork also has a means of height tolerance compensation between the sole and the floor formwork, which is in turn formed by small plates.
- the precise longitudinal alignment transverse to the post is formed by a stop 15c2.
- a folding formwork is provided, in which inserts can be inserted with a precise fit and position and which are closed for casting.
- a sole formwork is alternatively realized by providing a fixed bottom formwork form in which, in order to achieve a target position, the height-compensating plates for formwork are provided regardless of the height tolerances between the sole and the console for formwork.
- FIG. 15d it is possible to provide a concrete bracket for the upright formwork, as shown in FIG. 15d.
- bending and torsion anchors 15dl are shown, which run between longitudinal bars 15d2 of the upright. Now that the bars have been created and the upright formwork has been poured out, there is a situation in which the uprights are stripped and must be installed with the bars. The installation will again be done at least in part by the orthogonalization of pre-assembled elements close to the floor. For this purpose, the uprights are erected using trusses as described below and installed in their adjusted position.
- the assembly takes place in such a way that the uprights are stripped off, provided with edge bolts near the ground, erected, adjusted and fixed. Intermediate steps in the erection are shown in FIG. 41, which will be explained in more detail below, according to which the detached uprights attached to a traverse are first provided with edge bolts and then erected, the arrangement being stabilized in each case by a support.
- the uprights are adjusted by an actuator arrangement on the feet, which can work hydraulically, is also explained below and is preferably also used for demoulding. Then the center bolts are assembled. To this end, the invention discloses various details that are helpful.
- the standing disks are first removed.
- the folding formwork is opened as required.
- a crossbar which is also adapted to the two-legged standing disc, is pivotally articulated on each foot of a carriage with standing disc lifting hydraulics.
- the fish belly traverse is moved to the standing disc and attached to it. Now the hydraulics are operated and the Standing washer lifted out of the formwork. The same is repeated with a second standing disc.
- the two standing disks with their crossbeams are positioned close to each other in such a way that, with a slight inclination to the horizontal, the edge ledgers can be preassembled on the standing disks and thus in particular without significant wind interference, as indicated in Fig. 41 a.
- the two trusses are connected to each other by a yoke that is lifted on a crane. At the same time, there is a support against the floor with an extendable support.
- edge bars can now be installed close to the floor.
- the assembly can be facilitated by the use of a further traverse, on which corresponding assembly-supporting actuators are provided, as will be explained with reference to FIGS. 10 and 12.
- the center ledgers are preferably threaded in the direction of the parallelogram in order to keep the hook loads low.
- an assembly device for edge bolts is produced as prefabricated concrete parts for a filigree repetitive structure realized here as a high-bay warehouse with a truss that can be hung on a crane (not shown) via cables 101. Details of the mounting device 102 are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.
- 10b shows schematically how edge bolts are fastened to a mounting crossbar 10bl, the mounting crossbar 10bl being fastened via ropes 10b2, 10b2 to hooks of two gantry cranes, which bring about an automatic positioning or stabilization of the finished part under the hook and motors are provided, around the ledger 10b3 to move along the arrows 10b4 for assembly. This is preferred over the suspension, which is also possible in principle, on only one hook, but where undesired twisting can occur.
- a crossbeam is provided in order to push a bolt into the appropriate position on a post or a console. It is important that the traverse hanging on ropes is in the correct position and remains securely there until the bolt it transports in the
- FIG. 12a shows the arrangement of FIG. 12b in front of the non-positive locking shown in FIG. 12b between the mounting crossbar and the upright. This positive locking is achieved by turning a hammer head screw 125.
- Fig. 12b shows that and how a guide cable 120 with control cable is provided in order to enable precise lateral guidance of the cross member to the upright 121 in addition to the rough guidance through the portal crab. It is shown how the lance or the mandrel 122 in the The thickening or sleeve 123 of the complementary sleeve-entanglement combination penetrates and the bolt 124 is shown in broken lines in its preassembly position and solid line as 124 ⁇ in its assembled position. The hook 125 hangs in the center of gravity of the truss, the finished edge bar also lying on the same axis, in order to avoid overturning.
- the assembly of the bolts can be accelerated in that the control of the damming can take place particularly quickly.
- a first adjustment is made by the penetration of the lance or the mandrel into the thickening and then the establishment of a frictional connection between the lance and thickening by the collar or the corresponding turned hammer head. Since the assembly is also supported by electric motors or hydraulically, a small amount of effort is required for the personnel involved, so that less personnel, in particular only one worker per oarlock, is required and, moreover, can be concentrated and quickly worked without fatigue and thus for a long time. Detaching the connection after assembly, the guiding-free lowering of the truss and the longitudinal movement to the next assembly point are also possible without any problems.
- a pre-assembled parallelogram is obtained after the assembly of all edge bars, which is to be orthogonal, i.e. the articulation must be erected.
- a fold-out support is unfolded from the traverse and extended with a spindle against the ground during the erection to provide stabilization against the ground. Details of this arrangement include shown in Fig. 41f.
- the upright panes themselves are stabilized with Vendeel frames at the same time.
- the arrangement must then be adjusted when it is erected. This is done using the actuators on the feet of the standing discs.
- the pivots close to the ground are formed with bases which, by lifting and / or simply lowering hydraulic presses, permit adjustment of the approximately 80-200 t frame.
- a base support consisting of a steel frame 410 is provided on a base plate 411 for erecting the uprights, which are arranged along a travel rail 412 for a gantry crane for edge bolt mounting and on which centering mandrels 413 are provided in order to center the arrangement.
- FIG. 43a where two of the actuators are designated 431a, 431b.
- a cross yoke 432 is provided on the base arrangement with actuators, cf. 43, with which the fish-bellied traverse is in turn connected to the uprights 433, that the foot 433a of the upright reaches the predetermined position in the foundation 430 when the transverse yoke 432 is rotated about the axis 434. This rotation can be seen in Fig. 43b. While turning or afterwards, i.e. when the upright is upright, cf.
- reinforcements 442 can protrude from the foundation plate 441, which can be welded or otherwise connected to reinforcing steels 443 emerging from the post are.
- a pocket 444 may be formed around the connection area. The area between foundation plate 441 and upright 440 can be cast after the steels have been welded, as indicated at 445.
- the support of the so-called fish belly traverses is designed so that not only vertical loads are safely diverted, but also high wind loads from all directions.
- the parallelogram thus formed is adjusted in at least 2 spatial directions and all 3 rotations, simply, safely on site, and suitable for the construction site.
- the two base points themselves are provided with actuators and the base points are connected to one another via transverse yokes. It can be rotated and adjusted around the axis of the transverse yoke per se. The fact that it can only be rotated around the vertical axis is of minor importance, since the system is soft here.
- a statically determined movement of the two base crosses on a cross yoke towards each other is only possible with great effort, for example if the axes of the pendulum cylinders cross and / or and in connection with plain bearings. In the particularly preferred embodiment, it is therefore dispensed with in order to increase suitability for the construction site.
- the hydraulic cylinders are reliably secured with collars against unintentional lowering even over a long period of time and are equipped with low-profile pendulum spheres for low angles of rotation from here below 5 degrees.
- the pendulum spherical caps are preferred because when lowering to adjust typically 50 - 100 mm, the twists are no longer small and, depending on the lowering of different presses, different angles of twist are set freely.
- So-called statically determined storage is provided for securing, i.e. an arrangement of presses and / or construction elements, in which no constraining forces can be triggered by control errors on site and thus forces from the press movements are avoided, which can stress the construction parts quickly, particularly under vertical loads, until they break.
- an inclination of presses against each other exactly defines where displacements should occur freely and where instead forces should be transmitted.
- An inclination of a press pendulum rod in one spatial direction transfers forces in this direction; if it is not inclined, horizontal shifts are possible.
- An inclination of the presses with respect to one another, which is not shown here, is preferably to be balanced in such a way that the horizontal components which are caused by vertical loads cancel each other out.
- statically determined support For a statically determined mounting of a transverse yoke, it is preferred to design a base point in such a way that transverse loads from wind can be absorbed horizontally in both directions, as well as the existing loads. tikallasten. This is done by arranging two presses.
- the statically determined system in the plane perpendicular to the transverse yoke is that of a so-called three-joint frame.
- the momentary center of the three-articulated frame lies below the axis of rotation of the transverse yoke, so that pure horizontal movements of the fulcrum can be made even with parallel press runs.
- the construction required here also enables the straightening process, typically from 15 degrees to 90 degrees and turning the base points perpendicular to the transverse axis.
- a crawler crane that can be moved under load instead of a scratched-off mobile crane is particularly useful because the crawler crane at Raising can travel along the parallelogram and so erects the parallelogram with the same short lever arm of typically 6 to 10 m. At 25 m mobile cranes need approx. 14 m lever arm.
- edge bars are connected continuously after the parallelograms have been installed, e.g. by encapsulation of reinforcement protruding from both sides, by head plates at the transom ends with anchoring parts fastened within the transom or by any other connecting means, in particular by projecting weldable reinforcement.
- the changing deflections which are disruptive in the case of cantilever systems for pallet storage, are significantly reduced and the parallelogram is stiffened.
- the center bar can be automatically tilted using actuators, i.e. electric motors, hydraulics and the like, in order to prevent the collision with the uprights , then the center bolt can be inserted into the parallelogram spaces, in particular from above, using adjustment aids on the radio-controllable mounting crossbar
- the center bar can then be lowered to just before the installation height.
- This can be done using an inexpensive truck crane.
- it is possible to turn the central bar horizontally by motor and to guide it laterally so that the tines and sleeves, which are self-adjusting, come to lie one above the other. After the gripper is automatically knocked off, it can be moved out. It is therefore possible to provide the installation using inexpensive aids with only a small number of personnel.
- a radio-controllable mobile crane can be used that does not require an additional crane driver, and the adjustment in the oarlocks can be achieved by the person on a lifting platform at eye level to the assembly level. This means that several people can be saved during assembly.
- the assembly can follow the high production speed that results when large bolt quantities are manufactured quickly using battery molds, especially at the speeds achievable from the mass concrete of soles.
- FIG. 50a The adjustment of bolts by radio with a person on a lifting platform and a mobile crane is shown in FIG. 50a.
- the lift can be moved without a clamp; This means that the fitter can quickly approach each level if this becomes necessary when threading.
- FIG. 50b shows where motors indicated by thick black bars are arranged in a crossbar which is only indicated schematically and can be automatically struck.
- a first motor with an adjusting rod is provided for the horizontal alignment of the bolts, which also enables the transverse movement of the bolt when threading from above and guiding from the side, a motor for attaching and detaching the bolts, gripping and a motor for securing the position, which actuates a mandrel penetrating the bolt to avoid oblique movements between the beam and the crossbar. Guides and adjustments are indicated.
- a typical high-bay warehouse comprises a large number of fire walls, between which corridors are formed, through which goods are fed into storage spaces via a cross aisle.
- the high-bay warehouse has a height of over 20 m. While in Fig. 17d only a very small high-bay warehouse is shown for reasons of clarity, which accordingly also only has a small number of short fire walls, a large variety of firewalls, e.g. several dozen can be provided, which also have lengths of 100 m and above.
- the corridors are loaded in the conventional way from the cross aisle and warehouse management is also carried out in a manner known per se.
- the fire walls are made of 25 cm thick concrete and extend up to a height of 25 m. It extends transversely to a fire wall body of a given fire wall on both sides in one piece with it and likewise formed from concrete generally equidistant strut elements.
- the term side does not refer to the end of each corridor, but to the route along the cross aisle.
- the strut elements have the same thickness as the actual fire wall body. Two adjacent strut elements on one side of the fire wall body are spaced so far apart that the distance is sufficient to accommodate a large number of standardized pallet spaces; While in the example shown only three pallet grids are arranged next to one another for reasons of illustration, in actual exemplary embodiments there will typically be approximately 10 parking spaces next to one another between two adjacent strut elements.
- the strut elements have an extension transversely to the fire wall body, which corresponds to the depth of a pallet grate, in such a way that it, together with mounting elements, lies completely behind the fire wall body.
- the strut elements on one side of the fire wall body are now, as can be seen for the fire wall on the far right in FIG. 17d, arranged relative to the strut element on the other side of the fire wall body in such a way that this strut element lies exactly in the middle between the strut elements.
- the strut elements arranged side by side on one side of the fire wall body are in turn such that the strut element lies between them on the other side of the fire wall body.
- This arrangement of mutually offset, equidistant strut elements continues right up to the edges.
- Metal brackets are now provided on the strut elements and on the fire wall body, on which pallet grids rest. Uprights are provided towards the corridor, which extend from the floor to the ceiling and on which the other points of the shelf for the goods are placed in order to form the storage spaces.
- the fire wall is made as follows:
- the fire walls are manufactured using slipform technology. Proper reinforcement takes place as is known per se.
- the strut elements are also manufactured in the manner described.
- the steel brackets are then attached to the wall in accordance with the standard and the uprights are mounted in the high-bay warehouse 1. Now the grids are inserted.
- goods can be put into storage.
- the precision of the fire walls and the grate positioning is so high that, regardless of the wall attachment of the grates, there are no wall movements causing problems even under the load of heavy goods; in particular, the bulges and the like remain small. When fires break out, the wall resists long enough to meet or exceed standard requirements.
- the strut elements need not only be designed for single-deep storage of pallets. Rather, a double or multiple deep storage can be provided with strut elements correspondingly extending further transversely to the fire wall body. Another fire protection can be implemented by dividing the alleys fire-proof. This will now be explained.
- a fire protection arrangement for a high-bay warehouse includes a fire protection door 201 which can be moved through a storage and retrieval vehicle rail 202 on a folding piece 203 and which is formed from sufficiently fire-resistant material and is accommodated in bulkheads 204a, 204b in the rest position (cf. FIG. 20b).
- the folding piece 203 in the storage and retrieval vehicle rail can be pivoted about an axis parallel to the door plane, namely with a force which is exerted by a motor which drives the fire protection door 201.
- the fire protection door 201 is attached to the ceiling in a hanging manner, which avoids kinking deformations etc. and results in a better fit on vertical joints and at the same time improves the functionality by avoiding tilting.
- a steel frame serves as the gate support structure.
- the bulkheads 204 are so massive that they contribute to the fact that they provide such additional bracing for the fire walls, in particular transverse bracing, and that the additional load is easily absorbed by the fire protection door.
- the bulkheads also have a width that is suitable for significantly reducing the closing path of the door, which allows the door to be closed more quickly in the event of a fire or to make do with only one door.
- the vertical joints 205 are preferably bevelled to improve the closing effect.
- 20 a shows how a fire door in high-bay warehouses with single-deep storage can, as is preferred, be formed in one piece, namely in that, in its rest or parking position, it not only between the pallets of the aisle to be separated, but also between those of the adjacent aisle in bulkheads, which also delimit the neighboring aisle.
- the gate can be formed with foaming material, especially in the vertical joints.
- a hanging arrangement of the fire protection door 201 is provided in a fume cupboard for smoke and hot gases, which is also used for smoke and fire, and which is implemented as a joint open at the top. It can be seen that the smoke and heat exhaust 210 is guided over the roof 212 of the high-bay warehouse.
- the door is driven, as preferred, with a spindle motor 213 which engages a roller yoke, since the latter yokes itself without power and thus, in particular, after a long period of fire, which is particularly the case with a low pitch of the spindle and reliably prevents the fire gate from opening.
- the door is made of fire-resistant steel itself, it can be clad with fire protection panels or the like.
- a control which brakes the rack operating device, which is typically very quickly movable in the aisles, and / or moves to a desired position before the hinged piece is opened. It should be pointed out that, if necessary, the storage and retrieval machine can be moved into a double gate arrangement designed as a lock, on the one hand to prevent fires from spreading through the storage and retrieval machine and on the other hand to ensure that the expensive storage and retrieval machine does not remain in a fire zone.
- FIG. 22 An alternative embodiment of fire protection is shown in FIG. 22, where a fire-protecting and / or smoke-protecting, flexible material 221 is unwound into a smoke-heat exhaust 220.
- Corresponding rail interruptions are also provided here, but in which lateral folding is supported by dedicated actuators. It should therefore be pointed out that in the case of elements penetrating vertically into the fire section, a motorized opening of the rail path can be provided by folding down the folding piece.
- both measures can be combined, in particular if particularly high fire and / or smoke tightness is desired.
- the penetration of the storage and retrieval unit rails in the area of the fire closure is preferably realized by folding pieces, preferably after ensuring the removal of the storage and retrieval unit from the area to be closed.
- the arrangement can be produced without problems in high-bay warehouse construction in the series production described above.
- the high-bay warehouse with the precast concrete parts according to the invention in such a way that pallets can be transferred from the tunnel directly into the aisle to the rack vehicle.
- 7 shows this, wherein, as shown, the parts of the crossmember projecting beyond the uprights or longitudinal members serve as transfer points on the left and / or right side, preferably and in relation to the longitudinal direction of the aisle in the central region of the aisle.
- cover plates can be arranged over the cross beams, as outlined. In this way, the performance of the warehouse is considerably increased, since the rack vehicles only have to drive to the transfer point, which is preferably arranged in the center, which roughly halves the travel times.
- FIGS. 37a and b delivery is provided transversely, ie delivery is not made to the end faces of the alleys, but transversely thereto. It is proposed to arrange the repetitive concrete filigree structures so that a pallet tenaufnähme as in Fig. 37b is provided by a transversely transporting, inexpensive pickup.
- 37 a shows various delivery variants, namely on the one hand by forklift trucks 370 which place pallets on the cross transporters shown in FIG. 37 b, by trucks 371 and / or freight wagons 372, trucks and freight wagons being able to be moved into a desired position on movable base plates 373 to ensure precise weight loss.
- FIG. 38 shows the transverse transport of pallets 380 through the high-bay warehouse, as indicated by arrow 381, which leads through aisles 382.
- precast concrete parts according to the invention provided that a high-bay warehouse is built up with them, in particular to design them in such a way that a cross member is provided which is designed such that a central aisle through a ceiling level, preferably through prefabricated ones Elements, in particular plates made of concrete and / or steel. Reusable plates can preferably be used here.
- the aisle width that can be used in clearing up to the distance between the longitudinal beams and / or uprights of the support grate. This also applies to a gait created on the lowest level, especially the sole. Possible uses for this are evident.
- a first option for the further use of a high-bay warehouse provides for a handover on the ceiling, which can be used in various ways.
- a shaft 232 is provided on a ceiling 230 of a high-bay warehouse, via which pallets 231, as indicated by 231a, can be received, for example by means of a forklift 233.
- a dedicated vertical transporter as indicated by reference number 235, is provided, via which the pallets are transferred over the level of the ceiling 230, and preferably several per stroke.
- the transfer point shown is provided several times in the same or similar manner in large high-bay warehouses. The transfer is designed for manual and / or automatic actuation of the pallet transfer and the pallet transport up to the ceiling level 230.
- the arrangement is also preferably designed to be fire-proof, for which purpose smoke and heat extraction or the like can be provided above the shaft 232 and / or for which purpose a hatch-like closure over the shafts can be made possible.
- the pallet lifters disclosed for lifting the pallets can be provided with telescopic rails.
- Fig. 24 shows that and how it is possible to use the ceiling on a level above the warehouse for the pre-zone relocation or as a pre-zone replacement. This is advantageous because in typical bearings, before the actual storage a so-called pre-zone must be installed, which determines the loading efficiency of the warehouse on the one hand and increases the costs on the other hand, since the corresponding space is not typically room-high but can only be used for storage a few meters high.
- longitudinal transport can also be made possible via the storage and retrieval unit if a plurality of transfer points spaced apart in the longitudinal direction are provided. This can be particularly helpful when used as a factory.
- the use above the ceiling is particularly well possible according to the invention through the use of supportive and at the same time prefers fire-resistant filigree concrete repetitive structures, such as in particular the uprights and possibly the fire walls.
- the ceilings can be placed on top of these and can be implemented without any problems, especially with sole-switched ceilings with fire resistance for two hours.
- FIG. 25 shows the use of the increased ceiling load according to the invention for realizing a parking level.
- parking spaces of z. B. 2.5 x 5 m can be provided, as marked by 250a, 250b and 250c, and above the post structures, which are designated by 251.
- roof spans as indicated by concrete roof beams 252 can be realized, which correspond to typical dimensions in parking garage construction. It is then possible, as shown in FIG. 25b, that the uprights 251 in the central region of the parking level 254 are, as preferred, shorter than the uprights 256 supporting the roof structure 255.
- every second post axis 251b is particularly preferred here, so that the spans of 13-16 m which are more advantageous for the parking area are achieved.
- 25 shows an example of how a parking area 260 can be created above a high-bay warehouse.
- FIG. 27a shows how the high-bay warehouse according to the invention, but also other, by retrofitting windows,
- Light strips, stairwells and the like are to be used for use as offices, which is particularly due to the price worth of possible floor ceiling installation happens.
- the former purlins and transoms of the bearing construction are used as ceiling joist supports and the foundation and storage floor slab are used and not parts of the facade that are not equipped for windows, which saves a lot of costs, especially since other parts such as the electrical and ventilation centers, one Sprinkler system, etc. are reusable.
- the use of the high-bay warehouse does not have to remain constant over the long term. Rather, a reuse is possible with the arrangement according to the invention.
- a dismantling device is attached to the storage and retrieval vehicles and in another variant the shelf guide rails (Fig. 35) can be used to do this To lead mining equipment.
- a trolley is attached to the storage and retrieval unit guide rails, which uses special load handling devices to ensure that concrete parts can be lowered after they have been solved, whereby the required range is achieved by supporting a trolley portal on spaced-apart rails in order to be able to work efficiently (cf. Fig. 35).
- the portal 351 is, as preferred, formed so that it can either accommodate trolleys and a hoist 352 directly or a second portal, cf. Fig. 34, reference numeral 340 telescoped transversely towards the passage. to cover even more distant corridors without having to move the crane around.
- the portal For moving along the aisles, the portal itself passes by stands or the like, as indicated by reference numeral 341 in FIG. 34. 35, can be pivoted about an axis 353, FIG. 35, specifically by releasing a connection 354 on the opposite side 355.
- the connection at 355 can be released without having to bypass the supports and the portal is rotated vertically about axis 353. It can then be moved through the narrow aisle and the portal is then reconnected at 355. The work can then be continued.
- Fig. 36 shows how for the conversion a trapezoidal sheet metal formwork 360 with an in-situ concrete slab 361 and a screed layer 362 is realized on a longitudinal beam 363, in particular a central stiffness 364 and a suitable force-fitting support 365 is provided so that both beams 363 and 366 cover the ceiling loads wear and thereby double the load-bearing capacity.
- a concrete structure previously used as a warehouse can be used for various purposes as shown in FIG. 32.
- Another preferred strengthening of the bolt load-bearing capacity consists in a suitable shear connection between the ceiling 361 and the bolt 363, the ceiling now acting as the top flange of the bolt.
- the converted building must be designed statically in such a way that forces are diverted to the foundation via the filigree repetitive concrete structures, be it as shown in Fig. 31. represents the load of a roof 310 or, as shown in FIG. 29, factory areas.
- FIG. 16 shows how a particularly favorable connection is achieved by a suitable cross section of a cross member 160 and the complementary configuration 161 in the upright, if the prefabricated parts are stored in a concrete wall.
- the cross section is such that tolerances across the wall are compensated for by a gap as shown in 162 in Fig. 16b.
- a gap which compensates for construction tolerances can also be provided between a concrete wall and a steel shelf, as shown in FIG. 16c, with the charge overhang and clearance also having to be taken into account. It can be provided that, even if wall-side steel uprights are saved by providing a suitable profile, the support is made with a gap to the rear wall.
- Fig. 16 c shows a saving in upright with Euro pallet storage along the aisle through wall-side assembly and tolerance compensation by leaving gaps.
- a row of uprights on the wall and aisle side is shown on the top left-hand side, and uprights in front of bulkheads are shown in the top center. Above right, the elimination of the uprights and the replacement of the parallel bar 20 by 205 is shown.
- 210 shows the gap to the wall and the possible tolerance compensation for concrete wall and shelf steel construction.
- 230 shows the outer edge of a pallet foot.
- 16dl shows the simple removal of pallets transverse to the aisle, the omission of the upright 202 and the replacement of the latches 201 by the profile 205.
- the lower detail 240 shows the outer edge of the pallet base in dashed lines, with the known gap to the wall for tolerances and dimensions , ,
- 16d2 shows a double deep storage of pallets across the aisle, on the left in a conventional solution, in the middle the invented solution in steel, on the right in concrete with only one bolt instead of 2 x 260. 250 has 2 height levels.
- a special locking profile in the direction of the aisle which is indicated by arrow 191, is required for simply deep storage of pallets.
- one of the bolts can be realized by T or double T steel beams, as indicated at 190.
- uprights are only provided on one level, while uprights and transoms are replaced by the profile on the wall side.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
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EP02767240A EP1415057A2 (de) | 2001-07-20 | 2002-07-22 | Gebäude und bauverfahren |
DE10302187A DE10302187A1 (de) | 2002-07-22 | 2003-01-20 | Sohlschalungsverfahren |
PCT/DE2003/000156 WO2003104562A1 (de) | 2002-06-01 | 2003-01-20 | Betonfertigteil und verfahren |
AU2003210128A AU2003210128A1 (en) | 2002-06-10 | 2003-01-20 | Precast concrete part and method |
DE10302186A DE10302186A1 (de) | 2002-06-10 | 2003-01-20 | Sohlschalungsverfahren |
DE10302184A DE10302184A1 (de) | 2002-04-11 | 2003-01-20 | Spinne |
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DE2001146339 DE10146339A1 (de) | 2001-09-20 | 2001-09-20 | Brandwand für Hochregallager |
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DE10152980 | 2001-10-26 | ||
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EP1415057A2 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
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