WO2001048833A1 - Cellule photovoltaique et unite correspondante - Google Patents
Cellule photovoltaique et unite correspondante Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001048833A1 WO2001048833A1 PCT/JP2000/009241 JP0009241W WO0148833A1 WO 2001048833 A1 WO2001048833 A1 WO 2001048833A1 JP 0009241 W JP0009241 W JP 0009241W WO 0148833 A1 WO0148833 A1 WO 0148833A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solar cell
- titanium dioxide
- semiconductor
- dioxide semiconductor
- electrode
- Prior art date
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 453
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 202
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical group I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 iodine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001511 metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001509 metal bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BNNJUVVNVHRJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(=O)CC(C)=O.C(C)(=O)O Chemical compound C(C)(=O)CC(C)=O.C(C)(=O)O BNNJUVVNVHRJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019833 protease Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/07—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the Schottky type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/10—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising heterojunctions between organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors
- H10K30/15—Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2
- H10K30/151—Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2 the wide bandgap semiconductor comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
- H10K30/82—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes
- H10K30/83—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes comprising arrangements for extracting the current from the cell, e.g. metal finger grid systems to reduce the serial resistance of transparent electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/344—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising ruthenium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor, a solar cell using the same, a method for manufacturing the same, and a solar cell unit.
- Solar cells using silicon have attracted attention as an environmentally friendly power source.
- the solar cells using silicon there are single-crystal silicon solar cells used for artificial satellites and the like, but practically, solar cells using polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon are particularly useful. Practical use of photovoltaic cells for industrial and household use has begun.
- wet solar cell or "4th generation photovoltaic cell” was proposed by Gretzell et al. In 1991. As shown in FIG. 9, this wet solar cell uses titania 901 (titanium dioxide), which is a semiconductor, as one electrode, and uses a platinum electrode, ITO, or the like as the other electrode 902, for example. An electrolyte solution such as iodine 903 is used between these electrodes. Is what it is.
- this dye-sensitized solar cell is a wet solar cell using an electrolyte such as an iodine solution
- the iodine solution or the like as an electrolyte must be sealed in the solar cell with a sealing material or the like.
- there were many problems such as leakage of liquid if the seal was broken.
- the dye-sensitive solar cell could not have a practical life as a solar cell.
- Solar cell of the present invention a solar cell using the titanium dioxide (T i 0 2) semiconductor
- pores are formed in the surface of the titanium dioxide semiconductor and the titanium dioxide semiconductor, and the titanium dioxide oxide is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. At least one of the electrodes forms a rectification barrier.
- the rectifying barrier is a rectifying barrier formed by bringing a titanium dioxide semiconductor into contact with at least one of the pair of electrodes, and the rectifying barrier has a diode characteristic.
- the rectifying barrier is a Schottky barrier formed by bringing a titanium dioxide semiconductor into contact with at least one of the pair of electrodes.
- the rectifying barrier is a PN junction formed by bringing a titanium dioxide semiconductor into contact with at least one of the pair of electrodes.
- the electrode forming a rectifying barrier with the titanium dioxide semiconductor is formed so as to penetrate into the surface of the titanium dioxide semiconductor and the titanium dioxide semiconductor.
- the formation region (surface area) of the rectification barrier can be further increased, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor has a porosity of 5 to 90%. As a result, the contact area of the titanium dioxide semiconductor with light (light irradiation area) is further increased, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor has a porosity of 15 to 50%.
- the contact area of the titanium dioxide semiconductor with light is further increased, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor has a porosity of 20 to 40%.
- the contact area of the titanium dioxide semiconductor with light is further increased, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor is in a porous state and has a fractal structure.
- the contact area of the titanium dioxide semiconductor with light is further increased, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the electrode forming a rectifying barrier with the titanium dioxide semiconductor is a transparent electrode made of ITO or the like, or Al, Ni, Cr, Pt, Ag, Au, Cu, Mo, Ti, Ta, or the like. Or a metal compound containing these metals. Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the electrode that forms a rectifying barrier with the titanium dioxide semiconductor is a solid iodide.
- the electrode forming a rectifying barrier with the titanium dioxide semiconductor is Cu1 (copper iodide).
- the electrode that forms a rectifying barrier with the titanium dioxide semiconductor is A gl (silver iodide).
- the electrode is formed by a vapor deposition method.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor and the electrode can be more reliably brought into contact with each other, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the electrode is formed by a sputtering method. Thereby, the titanium dioxide semiconductor and the electrode can be more reliably brought into contact with each other, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the electrode is formed by a printing method.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor and the electrode can be more reliably brought into contact with each other, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor has been subjected to a visible light treatment for absorbing visible light.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor can use light having a wavelength in the visible light range, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- An organic dye is adsorbed on the titanium dioxide semiconductor.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor is suitably subjected to the visible light treatment, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- An inorganic dye is adsorbed on the titanium dioxide semiconductor.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor is suitably subjected to the visible light treatment, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the inorganic dye adsorbed on the titanium dioxide semiconductor is made of inorganic carbon.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor can use light having a wavelength in a wider range of the visible light region, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the inorganic dye adsorbed on the titanium dioxide semiconductor is made of carbon-colored inorganic material.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor can use light having a wavelength in a wider range of the visible light region, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor has an oxygen defect.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor can use light having a wavelength in the visible light range, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor contains impurities such as Cr and V.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor can use light having a wavelength in the visible light range, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is further improved.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor contains Mo.
- the crystal structure of titanium dioxide is preferably prevented from changing.
- holes are formed in the surface of the titanium dioxide semiconductor and in the titanium dioxide semiconductor, and are sandwiched between a pair of electrodes.
- a solar cell comprising a titanium dioxide semiconductor, and a first substrate and a second substrate sandwiching the solar cell. Solar cell unit.
- a reflective film that reflects the light such as sunlight is applied on at least a substrate of the first substrate or the second substrate that is opposite to a side on which light such as sunlight is incident. Are arranged.
- the solar cell unit can suitably prevent or suppress light transmission, and the titanium dioxide semiconductor further improves the light use efficiency. As a result, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell unit is further improved.
- An inert gas such as an argon gas is sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
- a substrate on which light such as sunlight is incident is a transparent substrate or a semi-transparent substrate made of glass, plastic, resin, or the like.
- An anti-reflection film is applied or arranged on at least the front surface or the back surface of the first substrate or the second substrate on the side where light such as sunlight enters.
- the solar cell unit can appropriately prevent or suppress the reflection of light, and the titanium dioxide semiconductor improves the light use efficiency. As a result, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell unit is further improved.
- a photocatalytic film made of titanium dioxide (Ti ⁇ 2 ) or the like is coated or arranged on at least a surface of the first substrate or the second substrate on a side where light such as sunlight enters. It is characterized by becoming.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a solar cell as an embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a solar cell as an embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing a structure of a solar cell as an embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing a structure of a solar cell as an embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a solar cell as an embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing a structure of a solar cell as an embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a module (unit) structure of a solar cell as an embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a module (unit) structure of a solar cell as an embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically showing the structure of a conventional wet solar cell. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIGS. 1 to 8 are drawings schematically showing a structure, a circuit, and the like of a solar cell according to the present invention.
- Reference numerals 101, 201, 301, 401, 601, 701, and 801 used in FIGS. 1 to 4 and FIGS. 6 to 8 denote titanium dioxide semiconductors (titania, respectively). (Semiconductor) is shown, and for convenience, different reference numerals are used in the respective drawings for explanation. In addition, components other than the titanium dioxide semiconductor are similarly described with different reference numerals in each figure.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a structure of a solar cell (solar cell unit) 100 which is an embodiment of a solar cell using a semiconductor according to the present invention.
- the solar cell 100 includes a transparent electrode or a metal electrode (A1, Ni, Cr, Pt, Ag, A first electrode 103 made of a metal made of Au, Cu, Mo, Ti, Ta, or the like, an alloy containing these, a compound containing the metal, or the like) is formed.
- Titanium dioxide (T 1_Rei 2) semiconductors are n-type semiconductor.
- the second electrode 202 on the titanium dioxide (T i ⁇ 2 ) semiconductor 201 of an anase type is formed of the titanium dioxide (T i ⁇ 2 ) semiconductor 201.
- a solid full-surface electrode that covers a part or the entire surface may be used.
- the third electrode 205 for supporting this electrode may be formed.
- the third electrode is a transparent or metal electrode (A1, Ni, Cr, Pt, Ag, Au, Cu, Mo, T) made of ITO or the like on a substrate made of a glass substrate, a metal substrate, or the like. i, Ta, etc., or alloys containing them).
- the second electrodes 102 and 202 are each formed of a metal electrode (Al, i, Cr, Pt, Ag, Au, Cu, Cu).
- Mo, T i an alloy containing a metal or those made of T a like or, for example, C u I, Cu S CN, Ag l, C u B r, Ag 2 S, RbAg 4 I have a g B r, / consisting etc. - (nA l 2 0 3 aO ) compounds comprising said metal such like) 3 -A l 2 0 3.
- the titania semiconductors 101 and 201 are in contact with the first electrode or the second electrode.
- a rectification barrier Schottky barrier or PN junction
- PN junction a rectification barrier having a height corresponding to the difference between their work functions
- a substance having ion conduction properties is particularly preferably used among the aforementioned materials.
- Examples of the substance having this ion conduction property include one or more metal halide compounds such as metal iodide compounds such as Cul and Ag1 and metal bromide compounds such as AgBr. Although they can be used in combination, among them, it is particularly preferable to use one or more of metal iodide compounds such as CuI and AgI in combination.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 a metal of the solar cell shown in FIG. 2, a metal alloy, and 302 representing the electrode (second electrode) 1 02, 202 of a metal compound such as titanium dioxide (T i 0 2) semiconductor 30 1 shows how they are joined.
- FIG. 1 a metal of the solar cell shown in FIG. 2, a metal alloy, and 302 representing the electrode (second electrode) 1 02, 202 of a metal compound such as titanium dioxide (T i 0 2) semiconductor 30 1 shows how they are joined.
- T i 0 2 titanium dioxide
- the second electrode 302 penetrates into the holes of the titanium dioxide semiconductor 301, and the Schottky barrier or the PN junction is formed between the titanium dioxide semiconductor 301 and the second electrode 302. Has formed. Yotsute thereto, form between the metal (the metal electrode 302) and the semiconductor (titanium dioxide (T i 0 2) semiconductor 30 1) The surface area of the resulting Schottky barrier or PN junction increases.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor 301 which is an n-type semiconductor
- the cul (second electrode 302) which is a p-type semiconductor
- Diodes are formed.
- FIG. 4 shows a state in which sunlight is exposed to the metal electrode 102 and the titanium dioxide (Ti 2 ) semiconductor portion of the solar cell shown in FIG. 1 where the metal electrode 102 is not formed.
- Each of the arrows in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 indicates the traveling direction of the light, and indicates a state in which the light is incident on the surface or in the holes of the titanium dioxide semiconductor.
- the titanium dioxide (Ti 2 ) semiconductor and the metal electrode (second electrode) 402 are in contact with each other, forming a Schottky barrier or a PN junction.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor 401 which is an n-type semiconductor
- the cul (metal electrode 402) which is a p-type semiconductor
- have a PN junction. Are formed.
- the metal electrode 402 formed on the surface of the titanium dioxide (T i ⁇ 2 ) semiconductor is a transparent electrode made of ITO or the like or a metal electrode (A 1, i, Cr, Pt, Ag, Au, Cu, Mo, T i, metal consists T a like or an alloy containing these, some les, for example C u I Cu S CN, Ag l, Ag 2 S, R bAg 4 I 5, C u B r, A g B r, ⁇ - consists of A 1 2 0 3 (N a O ⁇ n A 1 2 0 3) compounds of containing the metal such like) and the like, a vapor deposition method, sputtering evening method, printing by law or the like, it is formed on the dioxide titanium (T i ⁇ 2) semiconductor surface.
- a substance having ion conduction properties is particularly preferably used as the constituent material of the metal electrode 402 a substance having ion conduction properties is particularly preferably used.
- Examples of the substance having this ion conduction property include one or more of metal halide compounds such as metal iodide compounds such as Cul and Agl, and metal bromide compounds such as AgBr. Can be used in combination, and among them, it is particularly preferable to use one or more of metal iodide compounds such as Cul and AgI in combination.
- the metal electrode 4 0 2 formed on titanium dioxide (T i O 2) semiconductor surface and C ul (copper iodide) was a saturated solution by dissolving C u I in a solvent such as Asetonitoriru The metal electrode 402 is obtained by dropping and heating the surface of the titanium dioxide semiconductor or the third electrode 205 shown in FIG. 2 to 100 to 180.
- the titanium dioxide (T i ⁇ 2 ) semiconductor of the present invention has a very large porosity, so that sunlight can emit titanium dioxide (T i ⁇ 2 ) in addition to the surface of the titanium dioxide (T i ⁇ 2 ) semiconductor. also enters the T I_ ⁇ 2) cavity of the semiconductor, as indicated by the arrows in FIGS. 3 and 4, many times in the pores by multiple reflection, titanium dioxide (T i 0 2) semiconductor light Causes an electromotive effect.
- the titania semiconductors 301 and 401 have a grain size of about 101 to 110 to 111
- fine powder of titanium (T i) having a diameter
- titanium dioxide semiconductors 301 or 401 have a very high porosity (or porosity), are in a porous state (porous state), and have a so-called fractal structure.
- the porous state (porous state) of the titanium dioxide semiconductor 301 or 401 more specifically has a porosity (or porosity) of 5 to 90%. It consists of a certain anatase type titania semiconductor. These titanium dioxide semiconductors 301 or 401 preferably have a porosity (or porosity) of 15 to 50%, more preferably a 20 to 40% anaase type. It is a titanium semiconductor. By making the porosity (or porosity) extremely high as described above, the surface area of titania is extremely increased as compared with the case where a titania electrode is formed on a flat plate.
- the surface area of the titania present at the 1 cm 2 it is possible to the surface area of the titania present at the 1 cm 2 to 1 0 0 0 ⁇ 1 0 0 0 0 cm 2. As a result, the contact area between titania and sunlight increases, so that a calculation results in a current of 100 to 1000 times.
- Titania semiconductors react only to ultraviolet light in sunlight, but the titania semiconductors of the present invention sensitize the absorption wavelength of light such as sunlight and react to light in the visible light region. Have been.
- a method of adsorbing a dye on the surface of a porous body of a titania semiconductor (a dye adsorption method); (2) a method of creating oxygen vacancies in titania, reducing the band gap, and coping with visible light (oxygen deficiency method) ), 3
- a method of doping a small amount of impurities in titania (impurity doping method) is considered, and one or more of these can be used in combination.
- titania semiconductors 301 and 401 are made by sintering fine powder of titanium (T i) having a particle size of about 10 nm to 100 im.
- Oxidized oxide semiconductor consisting of anatase-type titanium dioxide or fine powder of anatase-type titania (Ti 2 ) having a particle size of about 5 to 200 nm This is an oxide semiconductor formed by the above.
- titanium dioxide semiconductors 301 or 401 have a porosity (or porosity). Rate) is extremely high and is in a porous state (porous state) and has a so-called fractal structure.
- the porous state (porous state) of the titanium dioxide semiconductor 301 or 401 has a more specific porosity (or porosity).
- titanium dioxide semiconductors 301 or 401 preferably have a porosity (or porosity).
- the dye is previously adsorbed on the surface and the porous portion of the porous titanium dioxide semiconductor 301 or 401 having a fractal structure.
- a dye such as an organic dye (a metal organic dye such as a ruthenium complex) or an inorganic dye (carbon black made of inorganic carbon or the like) is used.
- This dye is dissolved in a solvent such as alcohol in advance, and the titanium dioxide semiconductor 301 or 401 is immersed in this solution, for example, so that the surface and the porous portion of the titanium dioxide semiconductor 301 or 401 are immersed. Then, adsorb the dye. Thereafter, the titanium dioxide semiconductor 301 or 401 pulled out of the solution is air-dried, whereby the dye is adsorbed on the surface and the porous portion of the titanium dioxide semiconductor 301 or 401. Further, in order to make the dye more firmly adsorbed, it is effective to dry it in a clean oven at a temperature of about 60 to 100 ° C.
- anatase or rutile titanium dioxide (T i ⁇ 2 ) powder is prepared.
- the average particle size of the titanium dioxide powder is not particularly limited, but is, for example, preferably about 5 nm to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably about 5 to 100 nm. preferable.
- titanium dioxide (T i ⁇ 2) powder By source processing changed these titanium dioxide (T i ⁇ 2) powder at a temperature of 6 00-1 0 0 0 degrees, the oxygen in the titanium dioxide (T I_ ⁇ 2) is reduced, with the oxygen defect A titanium dioxide semiconductor is formed. At this time, the characteristics of the titanium dioxide semiconductor are n-type semiconductors.
- titanium dioxide with oxygen deficiency (T i 0 2 ) is considered to have three states: an anatase type state, a mixed state of anatase type and rutile type, and a rutile type state.
- the reduction treatment used at this time is performed in a hydrogen atmosphere.
- the reduction treatment is performed in a hydrogen atmosphere, the reduction of oxygen in titanium dioxide (T i 0 2 ) is promoted by hydrogen, so that the temperature of the reduction treatment can be lowered. It is also possible to treat titanium (T i ⁇ 2 ) as it is.
- FIG. 6 shows a structure of a titania semiconductor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- titania contains trace amounts of impurities, such as 0.1 to 2.5 wmol Zg, such as Cr (chromium) and V (vanadium). It is preferable to contain impurities such as Cr and V of 5 to 2.0 mo 1.
- the titania semiconductor of the present invention is subjected to a process for sensitizing the absorption wavelength of light such as sunlight and reacting to light in the visible light region.
- Visible light of 400 nm or more that cannot be absorbed can be absorbed. It can be absorbed at a practical level. Significantly improve the efficiency of solar cells.
- the titania semiconductor used in the present invention is formed by a so-called powder injection molding method (Powder Injection Molding: generally called PIM method) or a metal injection molding method (Metal Injection Molding: generally called MIM method). You.
- a resin binder with a volume ratio of 99 to 50% is added and kneaded to titanium fine powder with a particle size of about 20 to 2,000 nm. Form the compound.
- C r or V is added to extend the absorption wavelength region of light, either added in the form of oxides of C r (C R_ ⁇ 3) or an oxide of V, or pure C r or Pure V is added to the raw material compound.
- the binder-removed titanium fine powder is sintered together with the above-mentioned additive through a binder removal step (degreasing step) for removing the resin binder.
- the fine titanium powder is oxidized to anatase-type titania (titanium dioxide).
- titania is thermally stable in rutile, and the crystal structure of anatase changes to rutile by heating at 900 or more, so that the temperature of the debinding step and the sintering step is such that titanium is anatase. It must be sintered at 900 below and oxidized to maintain the crystalline structure as a type oxide. No.
- MoO 3 mobdenum oxide having a melting point of 795 is used as a sintering aid. ) Is added to the raw material compound in advance, and titania is converted into a sintered alloy.
- the sintering aid has a melting point, if the following ones 9 0 0, it is possible to use not only the M o 0 3 (molybdenum oxide).
- titanium fine powder is sintered once in a vacuum atmosphere of about 1200, Then, titanium may be oxidized by resintering in the following oxygen atmosphere to form a titanium dioxide semiconductor.
- titania semiconductors can be prepared by coating semiconductor materials with various coating methods such as dipping, doi-blade, spin coating, brush coating, spray coating, roll coating, and the like, and spray coating. (Thin film).
- the operation is extremely simple and does not require a large-scale apparatus, which is advantageous in reducing the production cost and production time of titania semiconductors and solar cells.
- a titania semiconductor having a desired pattern shape can be easily obtained by using, for example, masking.
- the average particle size of the titanium oxide powder as a whole is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, about 5 nm to 10 zm, and more preferably about 5 to 100 nm. Is more preferable.
- the average particle size of the titanium oxide powder is preferably, for example, about 5 nm to 10 zm, and more preferably about 5 to 100 nm. Is more preferable.
- the uniformity of the titanium oxide powder in a coating solution (semiconductor material) described later is improved.
- the obtained titania semiconductor can be made super porous, so that the light receiving surface of the titania semiconductor can have a larger contact area with light.
- the amount of the dye adsorbed on the titania semiconductor when sensitized by visible light can be greatly improved by the dye or the like.
- a fine titanium oxide powder of about 5 to 100 nm is mixed with an appropriate amount of water (for example, distilled water, ultrapure water, ion exchange water, RO water, etc.). Suspend.
- water for example, distilled water, ultrapure water, ion exchange water, RO water, etc.
- a stabilizer such as nitric acid is added to the suspension, and the mixture is sufficiently kneaded in a mortar made of agate (or made of alumina).
- the above-mentioned water is added to the suspension and further kneaded.
- the mixing ratio of the stabilizer to water is preferably about 10:90 to 40:60, more preferably about 15:85 to 30:70 by volume,
- the viscosity of the suspension is, for example, about 0.2 to 30 cps.
- a surfactant is added to the suspension and kneaded so that the final concentration is, for example, about 0.01 to 5 wt%. Thereby, the coating liquid (semiconductor material) is adjusted.
- the surfactant may be cationic, anionic, zwitterionic, or nonionic, but nonionic is preferably used.
- a surface modification reagent of titanium oxide such as acetylacetone acetate can be used instead of nitric acid.
- various additives such as a binder such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), a plasticizer, and an antioxidant may be added to the coating solution (semiconductor material).
- a binder such as polyethylene glycol, a plasticizer, and an antioxidant has the effect of increasing the viscosity of the suspension and making the coating solution (semiconductor material) paste.
- PEG increases the viscosity of the titania paste and acts as a binder for the fine-particle titania during firing of the titania semiconductor.
- PEG contributes to making the titania semiconductor porous by volatilizing the PEG component unnecessary as a binder during firing.
- Such a coating solution is applied to the upper surfaces of the first electrodes 103 and 203 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 by a coating method (for example, diving, etc.) and dried to form a semiconductor.
- a coating method for example, diving, etc.
- the coating and drying operations may be performed a plurality of times for lamination.
- the film-like body of the semiconductor material is subjected to heat treatment (for example, firing, etc.) at a temperature of about 250 to 500 for about 0.5 to 3 hours, if necessary, to thereby obtain a titania semiconductor.
- heat treatment for example, firing, etc.
- the titanium oxide powders that merely stopped in contact with each other are diffused at the contact portions, and the titanium oxide powders are fixed (fixed) to some extent.
- FIG. 7 shows a specific configuration example of a solar cell unit in which the solar cell of the present invention is modularized (unitized).
- Reference numeral 01 denotes a pair of electrodes including an upper electrode (second electrode) 720 and a lower electrode (first electrode) 703.
- These electrodes 720 and 703 are transparent electrodes or metal electrodes (A 1, Ni, Cr, Pt, Ag, Au, Cu, Mo, Ti, T an alloy containing a metal or those made of a like, or for example C u I, C u S CN , Ag l, Ag 2 S, R b a g 4 I 5, Ag B r,) 3 - a 1 2 0 3 consists (n a O ⁇ n a 1 2 0 3) compounds comprising said metal such like) and the like.
- the upper electrode 702 may be a striped, skewer-shaped electrode composed of a plurality of electrodes as shown in FIG. 1, or may be a full-surface electrode as shown in FIG.
- the lower electrode 703 may be a flat electrode in contact with the titanium dioxide semiconductor 701, or may be a non-planar electrode such as a striped skewer electrode.
- the direction of the sunlight entering this solar cell (solar cell unit) 700 is arbitrarily determined by the shape and film quality of the electrode, and light such as sunlight shines on the titanium dioxide semiconductor 701. . It should be noted that the solar cell unit 700 of this configuration example is used with light incident from the upper side in FIG.
- Solar cell consists of transparent glass, plastic (PET, PI, PPS, etc.), upper substrate made of resin, etc., respectively. And the lower substrate 715, and are sealed with a sealing material 713.
- An inert gas such as argon (Ar) may be inserted between the two substrates 71 1 and 7 15.
- a reflection film (reflection plate) 714 is formed on the lower substrate 715 (upper surface). This reflects light that has passed through the titanium dioxide semiconductor 701 The light can be reflected again in the direction of the titanium dioxide semiconductor 70 1.
- FIG. 8 shows another configuration example of a solar cell unit in which the solar cell of the present invention is modularized (unitized).
- the solar cell unit 800 shown in FIG. 8 will be described focusing on the difference from the solar cell unit 700, and the description of the same items will be omitted.
- the solar cell unit 800 shown in FIG. 8 includes a lower substrate 815, a lower electrode (first electrode) 803, a titanium dioxide semiconductor 81, and an upper electrode (second electrode) 8. 0, a third electrode 812, and an upper substrate 811 and are stacked in this order.
- the lower substrate 81, the lower electrode 803, the titanium dioxide semiconductor 81, the upper electrode 802, the third electrode 81, and the upper substrate 811, respectively, have a plate shape or a layer shape. No. Further, in this solar cell unit 800, a sealing material 813 is provided between the lower electrode 803 and the third electrode 812, and the side surface is hermetically sealed.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor 801 and the upper electrode 802 are accommodated in the space defined by the sealing material 813, the lower electrode 803, and the third electrode 812.
- This space can be filled with an inert gas such as argon (Ar).
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor 801 can have the same configuration as the titanium dioxide semiconductors 101, 201, 301, 401, 601, and 701 described above.
- the upper substrate 811 and the lower substrate 815 can have the same configuration as the upper substrate 711 and the lower substrate 715 described above, respectively.
- the upper electrode 802 and the lower electrode 803 can have the same configuration as the upper electrode 720 and the lower electrode 703 described above, respectively.
- the third electrode 8 12 is, for example, a transparent electrode made of ITO or the like or a metal electrode (A 1, i, Cr, Pt, Ag, Au, Cu, Mo, Ti, Ta, etc. Metal or alloys containing these).
- sealing material 813 can have the same configuration as the sealing material 713 described above.
- the solar cell unit 800 of this configuration example is used by allowing light to enter from the lower side in FIG.
- the upper surface of the upper substrate 811 is formed so that light that has passed through the titanium dioxide semiconductor 801 can be reflected and reflected in the direction of the titanium dioxide semiconductor 801 again.
- a reflection film (reflection plate) 8 16 is provided on the surface.
- an anti-reflection film having the same configuration as the anti-reflection film 7 In order to prevent contamination of the lower surface of 15, a thin film having the same configuration as the thin film 7 16 described above may be provided.
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency when the incident angle of light to the titanium dioxide semiconductor 101 and the like is 90 ° is R 9 .
- the incident angle of light is photoelectric conversion efficiency at 52 ° and the R 52, are preferably has characteristics such as 13 ⁇ 4 52 feet 90 is the degree 0.8 or more, 0.8 5 or more More preferably, it is in the order of magnitude. Satisfying such a condition means that the titanium dioxide semiconductor 101 and the like have low directivity to light, that is, have isotropic properties. Therefore, the solar cell and the solar cell unit 100 having the titanium dioxide semiconductor 101 and the like can generate power more efficiently over almost the entire area of the sunshine hours. As described above, the solar cell and the solar cell unit of the present invention have been described based on FIGS. 1 to 8, but the present invention is not limited to these. Each component constituting the solar cell and the solar cell unit can be replaced with an arbitrary component having the same function.
- the solar cell and the solar cell unit of the present invention may be a combination of any two or more of FIGS. 1 to 8.
- the titanium dioxide electrode has a porosity of 5 to 90%. Therefore, the porosity can be extremely increased, and the surface area of the titania is extremely increased as compared with a conventional wet solar cell in which a titania electrode is formed of a flat plate. That is, it is possible to the surface area of the titania fine particles present at the 1 cm 2 to 1 00 0 ⁇ 1 00 00 cm 2 . As a result, the contact area between the titania fine particles and light such as sunlight increases, so that a current of 1,000 to 10,000 times is calculated.
- the titanium dioxide semiconductor contains Cr or V impurities of 0.1 to 2.
- Owmol Zg visible light of 400 nm or more (usually, which cannot be efficiently absorbed by a normal titania electrode). , Which means light with a wavelength of 400-750 nm) can be absorbed, greatly improving the efficiency of solar cells.
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Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP00987742A EP1178542A4 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 2000-12-26 | PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL AND CORRESPONDING UNIT |
US10/835,584 USRE39445E1 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 2000-12-26 | Solar cell and solar cell unit |
US09/914,293 US6683361B2 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 2000-12-26 | Solar cell and solar cell unit |
AU40261/01A AU777191B2 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 2000-12-26 | Solar cell and solar cell unit |
JP2001548450A JP4613468B2 (ja) | 1999-12-27 | 2000-12-26 | 太陽電池および太陽電池ユニット |
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JP37120799 | 1999-12-27 | ||
JP11/371207 | 1999-12-27 | ||
JP2000/342007 | 2000-11-09 | ||
JP2000342007 | 2000-11-09 |
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WO2001048833A1 true WO2001048833A1 (fr) | 2001-07-05 |
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PCT/JP2000/009241 WO2001048833A1 (fr) | 1999-12-27 | 2000-12-26 | Cellule photovoltaique et unite correspondante |
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US (2) | US6683361B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1178542A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4613468B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100492039B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1181563C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU777191B2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW563259B (ja) |
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- 2000-12-26 KR KR10-2001-7010823A patent/KR100492039B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2000-12-26 AU AU40261/01A patent/AU777191B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-26 US US09/914,293 patent/US6683361B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-26 US US10/835,584 patent/USRE39445E1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN102496639A (zh) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-06-13 | 中国科学技术大学 | 等离激元增强型中间带太阳能电池及其光电转换薄膜材料 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20020158297A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
CN1349665A (zh) | 2002-05-15 |
JP4613468B2 (ja) | 2011-01-19 |
EP1178542A4 (en) | 2006-03-08 |
TW563259B (en) | 2003-11-21 |
KR20010108254A (ko) | 2001-12-07 |
USRE39445E1 (en) | 2006-12-26 |
KR100492039B1 (ko) | 2005-05-31 |
CN1181563C (zh) | 2004-12-22 |
AU4026101A (en) | 2001-07-09 |
AU777191B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
EP1178542A1 (en) | 2002-02-06 |
US6683361B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 |
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