WO1998042494A1 - Procede de dilatation d'un tube elastique - Google Patents
Procede de dilatation d'un tube elastique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998042494A1 WO1998042494A1 PCT/JP1997/000983 JP9700983W WO9842494A1 WO 1998042494 A1 WO1998042494 A1 WO 1998042494A1 JP 9700983 W JP9700983 W JP 9700983W WO 9842494 A1 WO9842494 A1 WO 9842494A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- elastic tube
- diameter
- expanding
- expanded
- solidified
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
- B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
- B29C61/0608—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
- B29C61/065—Preforms held in a stressed condition by means of a removable support; Supports therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/22—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of tubes
- B29C55/24—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of tubes radial
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/44—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes using destructible molds or cores in molding processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
- Y10S425/012—Destructible mold and core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
- Y10T29/49865—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part by temperature differential [e.g., shrink fit]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
- Y10T29/4987—Elastic joining of parts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for expanding an elastic tube, and more particularly to a method for expanding an elastic tube for covering a connection portion of an electric wire, a cable, a pipe, or the like.
- the self-shrinkable elastic tube is formed by supporting an elastic tube made of a material having rubber-like elasticity on a rigid tubular support in an expanded state.
- Such an elastic self-shrinkable tube is disposed, for example, on the outer periphery of a connection portion of a power cable, and then the support is removed, and the elastic self-shrinkable tube is contracted (reduced in diameter). Use it closely.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for expanding the diameter of a self-contracting elastic tube, in which the diameter of the self-contracting elastic tube can be easily expanded.
- an expander having at least a surface made of a solidified substance of a low melting point material and having a tapered portion whose tip diameter is approximately equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of an elastic tube whose diameter is expanded.
- a method for expanding an elastic tube is provided, wherein an elastic tube is covered on the tip, and then the elastic tube is passed over the low friction melting surface of the solidified body, thereby expanding the elastic tube.
- a solidified layer of a low-melting substance is provided on the surface.
- the diameter of the distal end has a tapered portion substantially equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the elastic tube to be expanded, and the expanding device having a hole for accommodating a hollow support at the rear portion, An elastic tube is put on the tip, and then the elastic tube is passed over the low friction melting surface of the solidified body layer, thereby expanding the elastic tube. Next, the hollow support is removed from the hole.
- a method of expanding the diameter of an elastic tube characterized in that the expanded tube is held on a support while being pulled out, is provided.
- At least the surface is formed of a solidified low-melting-point substance, and has a tapered portion whose tip diameter is substantially equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the elastic tube to be expanded.
- the low-melting substance that can be used in the present invention, any substance can be used as long as it melts in a temperature range that does not dissolve or alter the material constituting the elastic tube or the support.
- the melting point of the low-melting point material is desirably _60 ° C or more. One sixty. If it is less than C, the elastic modulus of the silicone rubber is less than 1 MPa, and it is difficult to deform.
- Desirable low-melting substances are liquid at normal temperature, For example, water (melting point: 0 ° C), glycerin (melting point: 17 ° C), and ethylene glycol (melting point: 11.5 ° C) can be mentioned, but the most representative ones can be mentioned.
- the main thing is water, which easily solidifies into ice. -That is, for example, a diameter expander is made of ice formed by solidifying water at ⁇ 0 ° C. to ⁇ 20 ° C., so that the surface is melted to reduce friction. It is a feature of the present invention that sliding of the elastic tube is facilitated and diameter expansion of the elastic tube is facilitated.
- the taper angle of the tapered portion of the diameter expanding tool of the present invention is about 5 ° to 30 °, that is, about 10 ° to 60 ° in terms of the apex angle.
- the tapered portion does not need to be tapered to a diameter corresponding to substantially the inner diameter of the elastic tube before the expansion, and may have a flat end surface, and the elastic tube is inserted into the expansion device. It should be easy. It is necessary that the diameter of the distal end is equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the elastic tube before the expansion, but “approximately equal to the inner diameter” includes a case where the diameter is slightly larger than the inner diameter. Because the elastic tube is flexible, it is possible to cover the end of the expanding device with the elastic tube even if the diameter of the end is slightly larger than the inner diameter.
- the taper angle of the tapered portion of the expander is too large, a large force is required to expand the elastic tube.
- the angle difference increases, and the same force is required as when the diameter is increased further. It is desirable that the boundary be smooth and that the elastic tube be easily inserted into the expanding device.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are views showing a diameter expanding tool used in the method for expanding the diameter of the elastic tube according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 2A to 2D are diagrams illustrating a method of expanding the diameter of the elastic tube according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are views showing a modified example of the diameter expanding tool used in the method of expanding the diameter of the elastic tube according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a diameter expanding tool used for a method of expanding the diameter of an elastic tube according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- 5A and 5B are views showing a diameter expanding tool used in the method of expanding the diameter of the elastic tube according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- 6A to 6E are diagrams illustrating a method of expanding the diameter of the elastic tube according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show an extension used in the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure showing a diameter tool.
- the expanding device 1 is housed in a cylindrical container 2 having a conical tip.
- a low-melting substance 3 typified by water is poured into the container 2, and then the container 2 is held in a tank below the freezing point to solidify the low-melting substance 3.
- a solidified body is obtained, and the expander 1 is obtained.
- Figure 1B shows the enlarged tool 1 taken out of the container 2.
- the expanding device 1 has a shape similar to that of the container 2 and includes a conical tip portion 4 and a cylindrical body portion 5 having the same diameter as the maximum diameter of the cone of the tip portion 4. Since the expander 1 is made of the low-melting substance 4, the surface is melted and smooth at normal temperature.
- FIGS. 2B, 2C, and 2D show a process of expanding the diameter of the elastic tube 6 using the expanding device 1 shown in FIG. 1B.
- the elastic tube 6 is put on the distal end portion 4 of the conical expanding tool 1.
- the elastic tube 6 is passed from the conical tip 4 to the cylindrical body 5.
- the elastic tube 6 is moved from the tip 4 with a small force as shown in FIGS. 2B, 2C, and 2D. It can reach the torso 5.
- the diameter of the elastic tube 6 can be expanded.
- the elastic tube 6 may be passed from the conical tip 4 to the cylindrical body 5 by pushing or pulling the elastic tube 6.
- 3A and 3B show an extension used in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 5 shows another example of a tool.
- the expander 1 is composed of a core material 7 formed of a thin layer and a solidified layer 8 provided on the outer surface thereof. That is, the solidified substance of the low melting point substance is formed in a thin layer, so that the amount of the solidified substance can be reduced.
- the material of the core 7 may be any material such as metal, plastic, and wood that does not deteriorate or become brittle at the processing temperature from its low melting point.
- the expander 1 includes a solid core material 9 and a solidified layer 10 provided on the outer surface thereof.
- the shape of the core 9 is a streamlined shape, so that the expanded elastic tube is easily moved rearward.
- this expanding device 1 it is preferable to cover the entire surface of the material 9 with the solidified layer 10.
- the material of the core material metal, plastic, wood, or the like can be used.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a diameter expander used in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- This expanding device 11 is composed of a core material 12 and a solidified layer 13 provided on the outer surface thereof, and the space in the core material 12 is used as a storage portion for the hollow support body 14. Things. That is, the rear part of the core material 12 is longer than the normal diameter expanding device, and the hollow support 1 into which the expanded elastic tube 16 is transferred into the hole 15 inside the material 12. 4 can be stored.
- the material of the core material 12 metal, plastic, wood, etc. can be used.
- This expanding tool 11 is used as follows. First, the hollow support 14 is housed in the hole 15 inside the core 12. Next, the elastic tube 16 is put on the tip of the diameter expanding device 11.
- the self-shrinkable elastic tube 16 can be easily manufactured by placing the elastic tube 16 on the surface of the hollow support 14 while pulling the hollow support 14 out of the hole 15. Can be.
- FIG. 5A and 5B are views showing a diameter expander used in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the diameter expander 21 is housed in a cylindrical container 22 having a conical tip.
- a hollow support 23 is temporarily fixed to the rear of the container 22, and a low-melting substance 24, which is represented by water, is injected into the hollow support 23. 22 is held in the tank below the freezing point, the low-melting-point substance 24 is solidified to form a solidified body, and the expander 21 is obtained.
- Fig. 5B shows the enlarged tool 21 taken out of the container 22.
- This expanding device 21 has the same shape as the container 22, and has a conical tip 25 and a cylindrical body 26 having the same diameter as the maximum diameter of the cone of the tip 25. And has a structure in which a hollow support 23 is embedded in a body 26. Since the expander 21 is made of the low-melting substance 24, the surface is melted and smooth at normal temperature.
- FIGS. 6A to 6E use the expanding tool 21 shown in FIG.
- the step of expanding the diameter of the tube 27 is shown.
- the elastic tube 27 is put on the distal end portion 25 of the conical expanding tool 21.
- the elastic tube 27 is passed from the conical tip portion 25 to the cylindrical body portion 26.
- the elastic tube 27 is moved with a small force to the distal end 2 as shown in FIGS. From 5 it is possible to reach the torso 26. In this way, the diameter of the elastic tube 27 can be expanded.
- the self-shrinkable elastic tube 27 supported on the remaining hollow support 23 was obtained by heating and melting and removing the entire diameter expander 21. Is obtained.
- the whole of the diameter expander 21 except for the hollow support 23 is solidified by a low-temperature solidified body.
- a low-temperature solidified body there is no positive meaning except for the surface. You can reduce the amount of lacquer and save clotting time and effort.
- the diameter of the elastic tube can be increased by using the low friction melting surface of the diameter expander. Even with increased hoop stress, the frictional force can be kept very low, the axial tension is low, and the elastic tube is less likely to break. Therefore, it is possible to perform the largest diameter expansion regardless of the thickness and diameter. In addition, in reality, it is cheap and easily available, and it is possible to use water that is easy to handle. Therefore, it is possible to expand the diameter of the elastic tube with an inexpensive expander.
- the elastic tube can be transferred onto the hollow support using the surface, the axial pulling force at the time of transfer is small, and the elastic tube is less likely to be broken. Therefore, it is possible to perform the largest diameter expansion regardless of the wall thickness and diameter. Further, the expanded elastic tube can be efficiently and efficiently transferred onto the hollow support in the same step. Furthermore, it is practically inexpensive and easily available, and water that can be easily handled can be used, and a storage section for an inexpensive hollow support can be used. Needless to say, there is no inclusion between the hollow support and the elastic tube as in the conventional example.
- the elastic tube is transferred onto the solidified layer on the hollow support using the low friction melting surface of the expanding device, and then the solidified layer is melted and removed. Since the elastic tube is transferred onto the hollow support, it is the least difficult and the elastic tube is less likely to break. Therefore, this method can be used for high quality and brittle elastic tubes. As in the above, there is no inclusion as in the conventional example.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN97194968A CN1081122C (zh) | 1997-03-25 | 1997-03-25 | 弹性管的扩径方法 |
PCT/JP1997/000983 WO1998042494A1 (fr) | 1997-03-25 | 1997-03-25 | Procede de dilatation d'un tube elastique |
US09/180,792 US6162383A (en) | 1997-03-25 | 1997-03-25 | Method of diametrally expanding an elastic tube |
DE19781985A DE19781985B4 (de) | 1997-03-25 | 1997-03-25 | Verfahren zum Aufweiten des Durchmessers eines elastischen Rohrs |
DE19781985T DE19781985T1 (de) | 1997-03-25 | 1997-03-25 | Verfahren zum Aufweiten des Durchmessers eines elastischen Rohrs |
CH02334/98A CH693669A5 (de) | 1997-03-25 | 1997-03-25 | Verfahren zum Aufweiten des Durchmessers eines elastischen Rohrs. |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN97194968A CN1081122C (zh) | 1997-03-25 | 1997-03-25 | 弹性管的扩径方法 |
PCT/JP1997/000983 WO1998042494A1 (fr) | 1997-03-25 | 1997-03-25 | Procede de dilatation d'un tube elastique |
CH02334/98A CH693669A5 (de) | 1997-03-25 | 1997-03-25 | Verfahren zum Aufweiten des Durchmessers eines elastischen Rohrs. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998042494A1 true WO1998042494A1 (fr) | 1998-10-01 |
Family
ID=32110416
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1997/000983 WO1998042494A1 (fr) | 1997-03-25 | 1997-03-25 | Procede de dilatation d'un tube elastique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6162383A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1081122C (ja) |
CH (1) | CH693669A5 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE19781985T1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998042494A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102358033A (zh) * | 2011-06-16 | 2012-02-22 | 浙江拱东医疗科技有限公司 | 塑料管的局部区域的拉伸成型装置 |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BR0207257A (pt) | 2001-02-05 | 2004-02-10 | 3Dm International Inc | Processo para formação de plástico, aparelhos para formação de plásticos e artigos deles fabricados |
JP4017362B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-20 | 2007-12-05 | 富士通株式会社 | 薄板組立方法 |
IL145172A (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2004-06-20 | Yaron Lihud | Tool for stretching an elastic product |
KR20040084614A (ko) * | 2003-03-29 | 2004-10-06 | 엘지전선 주식회사 | 열수축 튜브용 슬릿형 팽창관 |
ES2435781T3 (es) * | 2007-07-02 | 2013-12-23 | Uponor Innovation Ab | Procedimiento de formación de un anillo de sujeción |
BR112013029930A2 (pt) | 2011-05-20 | 2017-08-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | dispositivon e método para expansão de campo |
US9457511B2 (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2016-10-04 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for uniform expansion and heat setting of medical devices |
CN105552822A (zh) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-05-04 | 江苏中天科技电缆附件有限公司 | 一种新型电缆附件冷收缩式扩张器及其扩张方法 |
CN110303668A (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-10-08 | 安徽龙和电力集团有限公司 | 一种高压电力管钢丝扩张机 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5920618A (ja) * | 1982-06-23 | 1984-02-02 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | 熱収縮チユ−ブの製造方法 |
JPS6374624A (ja) * | 1986-09-18 | 1988-04-05 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 弾性自己収縮性チユ−ブの製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (14)
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US3319328A (en) * | 1962-09-24 | 1967-05-16 | Millmont Ind Inc | Method of installing a protective cap on an exposed wooden pole |
US3515798A (en) * | 1968-12-06 | 1970-06-02 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Elastic cover and removable cone assembly |
US4174365A (en) * | 1975-05-10 | 1979-11-13 | Pahl'sche Gummi--und Asbest-Gesellschaft "PAGUAG" | Continuous method for making hoses with destruction of horizontally disposed mandrel |
US4146302A (en) * | 1975-06-02 | 1979-03-27 | General Cable Corporation | Construction of cable made of optical fibres |
JPS5365374A (en) * | 1976-11-24 | 1978-06-10 | Mitsubishi Plastics Ind | Method for making faucet of resin tube |
CA1206105A (en) * | 1983-12-05 | 1986-06-17 | William S. Peltzman | Hose and method for curing |
CN86105828A (zh) * | 1986-07-14 | 1988-02-03 | 吉林省机械工业设计研究所 | 热收缩套管的扩张方法 |
IT1229805B (it) * | 1988-11-10 | 1991-09-13 | Pirelli Cavi Spa | Dispositivo per montare manicotti per realizzare giunzioni di cavi elettrici |
IT1229810B (it) * | 1988-11-11 | 1991-09-13 | Pirelli Cavi Spa | Procedimento ed apparecchiatura per inserire un supporto rigido in un manicotto per giunti di cavi elettrici. |
US5194208A (en) * | 1989-05-10 | 1993-03-16 | Dayco Products, Inc. | Process of curing a flexible hose |
US5098752A (en) * | 1990-04-17 | 1992-03-24 | Raychem Corporation | Recoverable elastomeric sleeve and method for installation and use |
US5406871A (en) * | 1991-08-05 | 1995-04-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Cover assembly of expanded elastomeric tubing having frangible support core structures |
US5735554A (en) * | 1991-08-31 | 1998-04-07 | Imgam; Fredrich | Tube conduit connection and method of producing the same from polyolefins |
US5844170A (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 1998-12-01 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Closure with flowable material and reinforcing core |
-
1997
- 1997-03-25 WO PCT/JP1997/000983 patent/WO1998042494A1/ja active Application Filing
- 1997-03-25 DE DE19781985T patent/DE19781985T1/de active Pending
- 1997-03-25 CH CH02334/98A patent/CH693669A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-25 US US09/180,792 patent/US6162383A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-25 CN CN97194968A patent/CN1081122C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5920618A (ja) * | 1982-06-23 | 1984-02-02 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | 熱収縮チユ−ブの製造方法 |
JPS6374624A (ja) * | 1986-09-18 | 1988-04-05 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 弾性自己収縮性チユ−ブの製造方法 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102358033A (zh) * | 2011-06-16 | 2012-02-22 | 浙江拱东医疗科技有限公司 | 塑料管的局部区域的拉伸成型装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6162383A (en) | 2000-12-19 |
CH693669A5 (de) | 2003-12-15 |
CN1081122C (zh) | 2002-03-20 |
CN1219904A (zh) | 1999-06-16 |
DE19781985T1 (de) | 1999-08-05 |
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