WO1994004852A2 - Verfahren zum steuern eines drehmomenten-übertragungssystems - Google Patents
Verfahren zum steuern eines drehmomenten-übertragungssystems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994004852A2 WO1994004852A2 PCT/DE1993/000765 DE9300765W WO9404852A2 WO 1994004852 A2 WO1994004852 A2 WO 1994004852A2 DE 9300765 W DE9300765 W DE 9300765W WO 9404852 A2 WO9404852 A2 WO 9404852A2
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- Prior art keywords
- torque
- friction clutch
- converter
- clutch
- transmitted
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/14—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches
- F16H61/143—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H45/00—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches
- F16H45/02—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W2050/0001—Details of the control system
- B60W2050/0002—Automatic control, details of type of controller or control system architecture
- B60W2050/0008—Feedback, closed loop systems or details of feedback error signal
- B60W2050/001—Proportional integral [PI] controller
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W2050/0001—Details of the control system
- B60W2050/0002—Automatic control, details of type of controller or control system architecture
- B60W2050/0008—Feedback, closed loop systems or details of feedback error signal
- B60W2050/0011—Proportional Integral Differential [PID] controller
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W2050/0001—Details of the control system
- B60W2050/0019—Control system elements or transfer functions
- B60W2050/0028—Mathematical models, e.g. for simulation
- B60W2050/0031—Mathematical model of the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W2050/0001—Details of the control system
- B60W2050/0019—Control system elements or transfer functions
- B60W2050/0042—Transfer function lag; delays
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W2510/0657—Engine torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/16—Ratio selector position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/02—Clutches
- B60W2710/025—Clutch slip, i.e. difference between input and output speeds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/02—Clutches
- B60W2710/027—Clutch torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W2710/0666—Engine torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/20—Reducing vibrations in the driveline
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H45/00—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches
- F16H45/02—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
- F16H2045/0273—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type characterised by the type of the friction surface of the lock-up clutch
- F16H2045/0294—Single disk type lock-up clutch, i.e. using a single disc engaged between friction members
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/36—Inputs being a function of speed
- F16H59/38—Inputs being a function of speed of gearing elements
- F16H2059/385—Turbine speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/36—Inputs being a function of speed
- F16H59/46—Inputs being a function of speed dependent on a comparison between speeds
- F16H2059/465—Detecting slip, e.g. clutch slip ratio
- F16H2059/467—Detecting slip, e.g. clutch slip ratio of torque converter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H2061/0075—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by a particular control method
- F16H2061/0087—Adaptive control, e.g. the control parameters adapted by learning
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/14—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches
- F16H61/143—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means
- F16H2061/145—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means for controlling slip, e.g. approaching target slip value
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/14—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches
- F16H61/143—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means
- F16H2061/146—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means for smoothing gear shift shock
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/14—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
- F16H59/24—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand dependent on the throttle opening
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/36—Inputs being a function of speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/68—Inputs being a function of gearing status
- F16H59/72—Inputs being a function of gearing status dependent on oil characteristics, e.g. temperature, viscosity
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling a torque transmission system that is operatively connected to the output of a drive unit, for example an internal combustion engine and via an output shaft with an automatic transmission, which has a flow converter and a friction clutch parallel to it, a measured value recording system and one has a central computer unit, wherein the force applied to the friction clutch and thus the torque that can be transmitted by it can be specifically changed in cooperation with the central computer unit.
- a drive unit for example an internal combustion engine and via an output shaft with an automatic transmission
- an automatic transmission which has a flow converter and a friction clutch parallel to it, a measured value recording system and one has a central computer unit, wherein the force applied to the friction clutch and thus the torque that can be transmitted by it can be specifically changed in cooperation with the central computer unit.
- the invention relates to a lock-up clutch for the flow converter of such a torque transmission system, the flow converter having a pump wheel, a turbine wheel, a stator wheel and a converter cover which is centered on the axis of rotation and is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the pump wheel and encloses the turbine wheel a central annular piston arranged between the converter cover and the turbine wheel is provided radially on the outside with a conical clutch friction surface and on the radially inside has a sealing hub received on a counter-sealing hub which is connected to the turbine wheel in a rotationally fixed manner.
- Methods for controlling torque transmission systems in which the torque to be transmitted by the friction clutch, which is arranged in parallel to a converter and bridging the latter, are set by specifically adjusting the differential pressure between the pressure chambers.
- DE-OS 31 30 871 a control method is described in connection with a torque transmission system of the type specified above, in which the slip values occurring between input and output are measured, compared with specified slip setpoints and any differences that are found are counteracted. The latter is done in such a way that the difference between the fluid pressurizations of the two pressure chambers of a friction clutch is changed. It is therefore a control procedure based on the classic slip control.
- a reduction in the torque on the part of the drive machine results in a reduction in the slip in the torque transmission system.
- the torque transmitted by the friction clutch must be withdrawn.
- the dynamics of a control system are limited by system-related delay and dead times, so that a minimum slip speed is necessary, which experience has shown that it cannot be less than 50 rpm.
- a time-optimized controller will try to counteract the slip increase by increasing the force applied to the friction clutch, which at the end of the shift leads to the friction clutch sticking and thus to a transmission of the torque uniformity of the drive unit to the rest of the drive train.
- a control method for a torque transmission system of the aforementioned type is also known from DE-PS 37 12 223, in which the clutch engagement force is controlled in a predetermined driving speed range depending on the degree of throttle opening so that a slip between the input and output can occur.
- this is a control system which, depending on the degree of throttle valve opening, anticipatively sets a force application to the friction clutch, in which the slip between the input and output of the torque transmission system is set as a function of this force application.
- Friction clutches for bridging the hydrodynamic flow converter of such torque transmission systems are also generally known.
- the friction radius depends on the pressurization and, due to the low rigidity, a uniform pressure distribution over the entire friction lining cannot be guaranteed.
- the torque that can be transmitted by the friction clutch is directly dependent on the friction radius, which, in conjunction with the oil pressure available in the automatic transmission, requires a minimal radial installation space.
- a converter lock-up clutch of the type described above requires a larger axial installation space, which is not available in many vehicle transmissions, especially if elastic damping means are to be arranged over a large radius in the piston damper unit. These mechanical damping means are necessary in order to ensure optimum vibration isolation even in the case of very high vibration excitation on the part of the drive machine, even at low slip speeds.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an improved lock-up clutch of the aforementioned type and purpose.
- the object on which the invention is based with regard to the control method is achieved in that, in the control method according to the preamble of patent claim 1, the torque to be transmitted by the friction clutch is determined as a function of the torque of the drive unit and the force required to transmit the predetermined clutch torque Friction clutch is calculated and adjusted adaptively, with a minimum slip between the input and output of the torque transmission system depending on the magnitude of the calculated clutch torque, and deviations from the ideal state are compensated for in the long term by corrections.
- the invention is that the input torque is divided into a hydraulic component to be transmitted by the converter and a mechanical component to be transmitted by the friction clutch.
- the lock-up clutch is subjected to variable force, which is controlled by an intelligent control system so that there is an optimal distribution of torque converter and lock-up torque for the respective driving situation.
- the torque to be transmitted by the friction clutch can expediently be dependent on the torque of the drive unit according to the torque equation
- the control method according to the invention is thus characterized by good vibration isolation with small slip, better responses in the drive train during switching operations and load change operations, as well as larger acceleration reserves, but also enables smaller and / or flatter torque converters, which is what motor vehicles with front-wheel drive and transversely installed engine engines of Meaning is. Finally, there is a consumption advantage that should not be underestimated, since in the method according to the invention the converter is bridged in all gears by the friction clutch.
- the torque distribution factor k ⁇ of the torque relationship specified in claim 2 can be one of the output speed, the speed of the drive unit alone, both the speed and the torque of the drive unit or also a both of the output speed and the torque of the Drive unit dependent value is.
- the speed of the prime mover is therefore also an important indicator for the factor k ⁇ , either alone or in conjunction with that emitted by the prime mover Torque.
- the friction clutch can be operated with fluid pressure and is designed such that two separate pressure chambers are formed between the friction clutch and the converter cover or between the friction clutch and the rest of the converter housing a differential pressure existing between these pressure chambers determines the torque transmitted by the friction clutch.
- its operating state in a transmission system with an internal combustion engine as the drive unit, its operating state can be determined as a function of the engine speed and the throttle valve angle, as a function of the engine speed and of the intake manifold vacuum or as a function of the engine speed and injection time.
- the engine speed always serves as an indicator of the operating state in conjunction with a further variable, such as the throttle valve angle, the intake manifold vacuum or the injection time.
- the parameter can be used to excite vibrations of different frequencies due to an excessive amount of the jerk or the friction clutch sticks.
- a sensible development of the invention provides that the setting of a newly calculated amount, which differs from the previous one, of a parameter influencing the distribution of the torque to be transmitted between the converter and friction clutch, preferably the differential pressure, is delayed after a function as a function of time.
- Distribution of the torque to be transmitted between the converter and the friction clutch influencing parameter can also be delayed according to a function depending on the differential speed between the input and output of the torque transmission system.
- the desired differential pressure on the friction clutch can be adjusted with the aid of a PI or PID controller, the controlled system being dependent on the torque required to be transmitted by the friction clutch Differential pressure at the friction clutch to the resulting differential pressure can not be clearly described analytically.
- the desired differential pressure can also be set on the friction clutch by taking and adjusting a pressure-proportional signal, such as a valve current, from a characteristic curve, the differences occurring between the setpoint and actual pressure being compensated for by means of an I-feedback.
- a pressure-proportional signal such as a valve current
- the desired differential pressure on the friction clutch can also be set in such a way that a signal proportional to the desired differential pressure, such as a current or duty cycle, is calculated and with the aid of a PI-I or
- PID controller is regulated.
- Another important variant of the method provides that deviations of the torque actually transmitted by the friction clutch from the desired torque are determined by measuring the slip that occurs between the input and output of the torque transmission system and comparing it with target values. Such deviations can also be determined, according to another development, by the fact that the torque transmitted by the torque converter is out its characteristics are calculated and the actual torque distribution between the converter and the friction clutch is checked.
- deviations of the torque actually transmitted by the friction clutch from the desired torque can also occur on multiplicative errors, on errors additive to engine torque, on errors additive on clutch torque, on multiplicative and additive errors on engine torque, on multiplicative and additive to clutch torque incoming errors or to multiplicative and additive incoming errors to both the engine torque and the clutch torque and such errors are compensated with a time constant of several seconds in order to achieve only an adaptive character of the control.
- a further variant of the method is characterized in that when the driver signals a request for acceleration, which is preferably noticeable by the rate of change of the throttle valve angle, the slip in the torque transmission system is increased by reducing the k ⁇ factor and, as a result, the torque increase offered by the converter as additional torque reserve can be used.
- the slip in the torque transmission system in all gears is determined by the friction clutch, as a result of which the efficiency of the power transmission through the converter takes a back seat and permits a converter design with regard to a high stall speed speed and a wide converter range .
- the available torque reserve can thus be significantly increased if the slip in the torque transmission system is specifically increased.
- a fluid pressure clutch with a pump wheel, a turbine wheel, a stator wheel and a converter cover that is central to the axis of rotation, non-rotatably connected to the pump wheel and enclosing the turbine wheel, in which a between the converter cover and the turbine wheel Centric annular piston arranged radially on the outside as a conical clutch friction disc is formed, as described in more detail below.
- the annular piston can have a sealing hub received radially on the inside on a counter-sealing hub which is non-rotatably connected to the turbine wheel.
- a further basic idea of the invention relates to a method for controlling a torque transmission system which is operatively connected to the output of a drive unit, for example an internal combustion engine and is in drive connection via an output shaft to an automatic transmission, which has a flow converter and a friction clutch which can be actuated in parallel with the flow pressure medium has two pressure chambers arranged between a turbine wheel of the converter and a converter cover and designed in such a way that a differential pressure existing between these pressure chambers determines the torque that can be transmitted by the friction clutch, which furthermore, with a measured value recording system, a central computer unit and a specific change in cooperation with the computer unit of the differential pressure between the two pressure chambers and thus the hydraulic system which transmits the torque which can be transmitted by the friction clutch.
- DE-OS 31 30 871 a control method is described in connection with a torque transmission system of the type specified above, in which the slip values occurring between input and output are measured, compared with specified slip setpoints and any differences that are found are counteracted. The latter is done in such a way that the difference between the fluid pressurizations of the two pressure chambers of a friction clutch is changed. It is therefore a control procedure based on the classic slip control.
- Slip control systems of this type in which the difference between the output speed of a drive machine and the input speed of a transmission downstream of the torque transmission system or a value corresponding to this speed difference are measured, compared with target values and counteracted a possible deviation of the actual from the target values have proven to be not entirely satisfactory.
- the speed difference changes during shifting due to torque changes.
- the speed control takes place so late that undesired overshoots can occur on the output side or in the transmission torque.
- the friction clutch bridging the converter sticks. Accordingly, the friction clutch must be opened during switching operations become.
- the slip control tries to keep the speed difference between the output speed of the drive machine and the input speed of the transmission at the setpoint value during shifting operations, so it works against the transmission downstream of the torque transmission system.
- Another inventive basic concept relates to a method for controlling a torque transmission system that is operatively connected to the output of a drive unit, for example an internal combustion engine, and that is connected to an automatic transmission via an output shaft Flow converter and a friction clutch arranged in parallel, a measured value recording system and a central computer unit, the force applied to the friction clutch and thus the torque transmitted by the same can be specifically changed in cooperation with the central computer unit, the torque to be transmitted by the friction clutch depending on the operating state of the drive unit according to the moment equation
- M Kupphm ⁇ k j X kko ⁇ .
- X with k j 1 ⁇ as the torque distribution factor and k to ⁇ as the correction factor, and the force application of the friction clutch required for the transmission of the predetermined clutch torque is calculated and set, the slip between the input and output of the torque transmission system depending on the size of the over the entire operating range of the drive train constant torque distribution factor k ,. independently and the correction factor m compensates for deviations of each special drive train from the ideal state.
- the object on which the invention is based can also be achieved by a method for controlling a torque transmission system which is operatively connected to the output of a drive unit, for example an internal combustion engine, and which is in drive connection via an output shaft to an automatic transmission and which has a flow converter and a parallel arranged to it Friction clutch, has a measured value recording system and a central computer unit, the application of force to the friction clutch and thus the torque transmitted by the same can be specifically changed in cooperation with the central computer unit, the torque to be transmitted by the friction clutch depending on the operating state of the drive unit after Moment equation
- M Kup pi ung K.
- X j -orr MAntri j fc jj ggregrt with IJ, K n « as the moment distribution factor and k ⁇ as the correction factor
- Another possible solution to the problem consists in a method for controlling a torque transmission system that is operatively connected to the output of a drive unit, for example an internal combustion engine, and is connected to the drive via an output shaft with an automatic transmission, which has a flow converter and a friction clutch arranged in parallel with it, a measured value recording system and a central computer unit, the force applied to the friction clutch and thus the torque transmitted by the same can be specifically changed in cooperation with the central computer unit, the torque to be transmitted by the friction clutch depending on the operating state of the drive unit after the torque equation
- the invention is that the input torque is divided into a hydraulic component to be transmitted by the converter and a mechanical component to be transmitted by the friction clutch.
- the lock-up clutch is subjected to variable force, which is controlled by an intelligent control system so that the torque converter and lock-up torque are optimally divided for the respective driving situation.
- the friction clutch is fluid pressure-operated and is designed such that two separate pressure chambers are formed between the friction clutch and converter cover or between the friction clutch and the rest of the converter housing and that a differential pressure existing between these pressure chambers determines the torque transmitted by the friction clutch.
- Characteristic of the control method according to the invention is thus that can be used in all operating areas with slipping friction clutch and Friction clutch is not controlled depending on slip, but torque-dependent. The slip then sets itself up and a slow slip control is subordinated to correct the transmission torque. During switching operations, the friction clutch bridging the converter is not opened, but continues to be controlled depending on the torque. An increasing friction characteristic is helpful for torque control, the friction coefficient expediently increasing with increasing slip and the static friction coefficient being smaller than the sliding friction coefficient.
- a slip value of the friction clutch bridging the converter results which is determined by specifying the factors k. and k t o ⁇ . can be kept low.
- the factor In certain areas, such as low speed and high load (there are many internal combustion engines showing a weakness in torque), the factor must be selected so that the torque to be transmitted by the friction clutch is so low that a higher differential speed is obtained.
- an increase in the output torque is then achieved in the particularly important operating areas, which simulates a higher torque of the drive unit.
- the control method according to the invention is thus characterized by good vibration isolation with small slip, better responses in the drive train during switching operations and load change operations, and greater acceleration reserves, but also enables smaller and / or flatter torque converters, which is the case with motor vehicles with front-wheel drive and transversely installed internal combustion engines Meaning is. Finally, there is a consumption advantage that should not be underestimated, since in the method according to the invention the converter is bridged in all gears by the friction clutch.
- its operating state in a transmission system with a combustion engine as the drive unit, its operating state can be determined as a function of the engine speed and the throttle valve angle, as a function of the engine speed and of the intake manifold vacuum or as a function of the engine speed and injection time.
- the engine speed in always serves as an indicator of the operating state Connection with another variable, such as the throttle valve angle, the intake manifold vacuum or the injection time.
- the factor k. the torque relationship specified in claim 1 is a constant value over the entire operating range of the drive train, dependent on the speed of the drive unit alone or on both the speed and the torque of the drive unit. Also for the factor k. niithin the speed of the prime mover is an important indicator, either alone or in connection with the torque output by the drive unit.
- the control method according to the invention can also be characterized in that a torque which is determined in the central computer unit as a function of a change in torque in the drive train and which is to be transmitted by the friction clutch and which differs from the instantaneous torque is set by predetermining the after a sampling interval At a point in time t + desired value of any parameter X which determines the torque transmitted by the friction clutch according to a function which excludes undesirable events, such as sticking of the friction clutch, by calculating the value required to achieve the desired value of the parameter X after a time interval .DELTA.t required gradient .DELTA.X, by setting the calculated gradient .DELTA.X by means of the hydraulic system and repeating the above sequence of steps until a target value X ⁇ is reached.
- the method according to this embodiment can be characterized by a proportionality control, in which the differential pressure ⁇ P between the pressure chambers of the clutch is predetermined as a parameter according to the relationship
- one in the central computer unit can also be used as a function of one Torque change in the drive train determined new value of the torque transmitted by the friction clutch can be set by calculating the gradient ⁇ X of any parameter X which determines the torque transmitted by the friction clutch according to a function which excludes undesired events, such as, for example, the brief adhesion of the friction clutch, by setting the desired gradient ⁇ X by means of the hydraulic system and by repeating the sequence of steps until the required setpoint X ⁇ u is reached.
- the gradient of the pressure difference ⁇ P between the pressure chambers of the clutch can be calculated as a parameter according to the relationship
- ⁇ P C, x ( ⁇ P ⁇ - ⁇ PJ
- ⁇ P C, x ( ⁇ P ⁇ - ⁇ P (see also Figure 10).
- the gain factor determines how quickly a deviation between AP ⁇ u and
- Ci 1 equals a setpoint jump, since the entire deviation between setpoint and start value ( ⁇ Ps ,,,,, AP ⁇ in FIG. 10) would have to be carried out in a time interval. These two limit values are therefore only of theoretical value.
- the range 0 ⁇ C x ⁇ 1 is important. It influences how quickly a deviation between the setpoint and actual value occurs. The lower the C, the longer the adjustment takes.
- a still further variant of the method provides that the correction factor k ⁇ compensates for deviations of each special drive train from the ideal state by preferably measuring the slip occurring in a fixed, quasi-stationary operating range and with target slip values which guarantee optimum vibration isolation with the highest possible fuel economy, compared and the factor k ⁇ is compared if there is a deviation between the target and actual slip values.
- a further variant of the method is characterized in that when signaling an acceleration request from the driver, which is preferably noticeable by the rate of change of the throttle valve angle, by reducing one of the factors k. or k ⁇ the slip in the torque transmission system is increased and the torque increase offered by the converter can thus be used as an additional torque reserve.
- the slip in the torque transmission system is preferably determined in all gears by the friction clutch, as a result of which the efficiency of the power transmission through the converter takes a back seat and a converter design with regard to the widest possible range Conversion range allowed, with which the available torque reserve can be increased significantly with a specific increase in the slip in the torque transmission system.
- a further fundamental idea of the invention relates to a torque transmission system for the drive train of a vehicle equipped with a gear change transmission, in particular a motor vehicle with internal combustion engine drive, with a flow converter which is in drive connection with a drive unit of the vehicle and via an output shaft with a downstream automatic transmission is operatively connected, with a friction clutch arranged parallel to the hydrodynamic converter, which can be actuated by fluid pressure medium and each has a pressure chamber arranged between a turbine wheel of the converter and an annular piston operatively connected to a friction disk on the one hand and between the latter and a converter cover on the other, which are designed in this way that a differential pressure existing between these pressure chambers determines the torque that can be transmitted by the friction clutch, with a data acquisition system, a central computer unit and, in cooperation with the computer unit, a specific change in the differential pressure between the two pressure chambers and thus in the hydraulic system that transmits the torque that can be transmitted by the friction clutch.
- Torque transmission systems in which the torque to be transmitted by the latter is set by specifically adjusting the differential pressure between the pressure chambers of a friction clutch arranged in parallel with and bridging the latter are known.
- a torque transmission system of the type specified above is also known from US Pat. No. 4,577,737, in which the torque transmission is measured directly by a hydrodynamic converter by means of a torque sensor and the torque transmission is determined as a function of the operating state of the drive machine. The end of the friction clutch bridging the converter is adjusted so that the required torque transmission is ensured.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved torque transmission system in such a way that in the interest of acceleration reserves in the medium and also in the higher speed range an effective torque increase is achieved and that the fuel consumption can be reduced.
- the torque converter used in connection with the invention has a smaller capacity factor than the torque converters previously used for this internal combustion engine. So that means that with a given by the Brennl raft machine torque curve, the brake speed of the torque converter according to the invention is higher than in a conventional converter.
- Fixed brake speed is to be understood as the speed at which the course of the torque absorbed by the turbine wheel intersects with the torque characteristic of the internal combustion engine. In order to determine this speed, the turbine wheel is blocked and the pump wheel is driven by the internal combustion engine.
- the parking brake speed is in the order of 1800 to 3000 revolutions per minute.
- this fixed brake speed can also be shifted into the range above 3000 revolutions per minute.
- the converter is thus designed to be “soft” and can also have a much wider secondary characteristic map.
- the additionally usable area of the secondary characteristic map of the converter designed according to the invention is predominantly only approached in the case of unsteady states.
- the amount of heat generated during this time is no higher than that of conventional systems and is therefore not critical.
- Proven useful if the torque generated in the torque transmission system by means of the computer unit extrapolates the heat generated during driving and the actual heat balance thus created is compared with the design-related allowable heat quantity.
- the oil temperature is also measured so that the current temperature level can be used in the calculation.
- This measure detects a disproportionately high amount of heat in good time and thus creates the conditions for a reduction in the amount of heat. If the thermal load on the entire system becomes too great, the slip is reduced. If the load on the friction surface becomes too large, the slip is changed depending on the driver's request: if the driver wants to accelerate and conversion can still be offered, the lock-up torque is reduced and thus the slip is increased. Otherwise, the lock-up moment is increased and thus the slip is reduced.
- a damper unit which is effective between the turbine of the converter and the friction disk of the lock-up clutch is preferably designed for the part-load range in which a complete converter bridging can be considered. This enables much better damping of torsional vibrations than with conventional dampers that are designed for full load. In the remaining area, the isolation of high-frequency vibrations is guaranteed via the slip.
- a further basic idea of the invention relates, as already mentioned, to a lock-up clutch for a hydrodynamic flow converter with a pump wheel, a turbine wheel, a stator wheel and one that is central to the axis of rotation, rotatable with.
- the converter cover connected to the pump wheel and enclosing the turbine wheel, whereby according to a further independent or in combination with at least one further feature on which the present application is based, invention feature that is provided between the converter cover and the turbine wheel, the central annular piston arranged radially on the outside with a conical clutch friction surface is.
- the annular piston can have a sealing hub received radially on the inside on a counter-sealing hub that is non-rotatably connected to the turbine wheel, and at least one annular damper element of a damper unit can be accommodated in the circumferential direction between a damper drive part that is non-rotatably connected to the annular piston and a damper output part that is non-rotatably connected to the turbine wheel.
- the damper unit can comprise a damper with torsionally resilient means, which are designed in a ring shape and are arranged on the side of the annular piston facing the converter cover between its hub part and the friction surface interacting with a correspondingly conically designed counter-friction surface of the converter cover.
- a lock-up clutch of the aforementioned type with cones opening towards the side facing away from the turbine wheel has a particularly small axial length and also enables the arrangement of a spring damper with large angles of rotation, since the annular damper element is located between the radially outer region of the turbine wheel and the one with a friction surface provided clutch friction disc of the annular piston can be arranged. This leads to an enlargement of the gusset between the peripheral area of the turbine wheel and the clutch friction disc of the annular piston and thus to improved installation options for the intestinal unit.
- the interacting friction surfaces of the annular piston and converter cover are designed as cones opening towards the turbine wheel. This design also ensures the power amplification typical of conical couplings and the particularly rigid design of the ring piston.
- a structurally sensible embodiment provides that the damper output part is non-rotatably connected to the turbine wheel in its radially outer region, on which the damper element is supported on the output side, while the drive-side support mediates a damper drive part which is non-rotatably connected to the annular piston.
- This damper output part can expediently be a ring part welded to the turbine wheel with driver fingers projecting in the direction of the friction disk of the ring piston.
- the damper drive part is preferably designed in the form of a leaf spring, non-rotatably connected to the annular piston and provided with arms projecting on the side of the clutch friction disk pointing towards the turbine wheel of the torque converter and encompassing the damper spring elements, as well as at one end end supporting drivers.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a torque transmission system with a flow converter and one arranged in parallel and the
- FIG. 2 shows a half-sectional view of the torque transmission system corresponding to the schematic representation in FIG. 1 with a converter and a lock-up clutch and with a diagram of the associated pressure media control
- Fig. 3 in a graph the division of the engine torque into one of the Torque converter and a torque to be transmitted by the lock-up clutch as a function of the slip occurring on the converter and the friction clutch to bridge it,
- Fig. 4 shows the engine speed and the differential speed on the converter as a function of the time when accelerating a motor vehicle with a switching operation with torque-controlled converter lockup according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 corresponds to FIG. 4, the output torque over time when accelerating a vehicle with a switching operation with torque-controlled
- FIG. 6 is a view as in FIG. 4, the speed behavior during acceleration and with slip-controlled converter lock-up,
- FIGS. 4 and 6 is a view as in FIGS. 4 and 6 shows the speed behavior when accelerating with the gearbox open during a shift and after
- Fig. 9 corresponding to Fig. 8 in a view as in Figs. 5 and 6, the output torque over time when accelerating with open during a shift and closed after the shift
- FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating the course of the pressure difference effective at the lock-up clutch as a function of time, for determining in advance the value of the pressure difference desired after a sampling interval,
- 11 shows a torque transmission system with a friction clutch bridging a hydrodynamic converter
- 12 shows a diagram of the division of the engine torque into a torque to be transmitted by the torque converter and a torque to be transmitted by the lock-up clutch as a function of the slip occurring on the converter and the friction clutch that bridges it
- Fig. 15 shows the output map of a "hard” designed in a conventional manner
- Fig. 16 in a view as in Fig. 15, the primary map of a "soft" designed
- FIG. 19 shows in a view like FIG. 17 the output characteristic map of the converter designed soft according to FIG. 18.
- the torque transmission system 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a torque converter 11 and a lock-up clutch 12 which can be actuated by a fluid pressure medium and which is connected in parallel with the torque converter.
- the torque transmission system is via an only indicated shaft 13 with a
- the internal combustion engine, not shown, is operatively connected and in turn is in drive connection on the output side via an output shaft 14 to an automatic transmission arranged in the output line, which is also not shown.
- the torque converter 11 is a conventional flow converter.
- This flow converter consists of a converter cover 16 connected to the output of an internal combustion engine, a pump wheel 17 forming the converter housing together with the converter cover, a turbine wheel 18, which in turn is connected via an output shaft to the automatic transmission (not shown), and a stator 19 arranged between the pump and turbine wheel
- the friction clutch 12 bridging the converter is arranged between the turbine wheel 18 and the converter cover 16 and has a clutch disc 20 which is connected to the turbine wheel of the converter in a rotationally fixed manner, the friction lining 21 of which cooperates with a counter surface 22 of the converter cover 16.
- the friction clutch also has a rear chamber 24 facing the turbine wheel 18 and a front chamber 25 facing the converter cover 16.
- the converter 11 is supplied in a known manner with flow medium from a pressure medium source (not shown) via a line 30 opening into the converter housing on the pump wheel side, the pressure being controlled via a control valve 31, which in turn is controlled by a control element 31.
- the flow medium is discharged via a line (not shown) to a cooler 32, which is only indicated.
- the pressure of the flow medium on the outflow side of the pump wheel 17 also acts in the rear chamber 24 of the friction clutch 12, acts on the clutch disc 20 and presses this to the counter surface 22 of the converter cover 16 which interacts with the friction lining 21 thereof.
- the clutch is operated with slip in all operating areas, the more or less large gap, depending on the slip, between the friction lining 21 of the clutch disk 20 and the mating surface 22 of the converter cover 16 that interacts with it, results in a throttled fluid pressure application between the clutch disc 20 and the converter cover 16 extending front chamber 25.
- the fluid pressure admission to the front chamber 25 can be controlled by means of a valve connected to this chamber via a line 34 in such a way that an adjustable differential pressure effective between the rear and front chamber is different from that Friction clutch 12 determines transmissible torque.
- the engine torque is equal to the sum of the moments transmitted by the converter and by the clutch and therefore equal to the transmission torque, insofar as there are no losses in the transmission system
- FIG. 3 The division of the engine torque into a torque to be transmitted by the converter and by the bridging friction clutch is illustrated in FIG. 3 as a function of the slip. It can be seen that with increasing slip, the portion of the engine torque transmitted by the converter increases and, accordingly, the torque transmitted by the clutch drops.
- the slip is not regulated, but the proportion of the engine torque to be transmitted by the friction clutch is determined as a function of the operating state of the engine and the differential pressure on the friction clutch required for the transmission of the predetermined torque is set by a computer unit, for example a microprocessor .
- the slip then arises automatically.
- FIG. 4 shows the engine speed 40 and the differential speed 41 on the converter during acceleration and when shifting up from, for example, second to third gear.
- the engine speed initially rises in second gear until the shifting process is triggered and falls during the shifting process beginning at 42.
- the differential speed on the converter on the other hand, initially remains constant, but then increases sharply during the switching process.
- the engine speed and the differential speed on the converter drop at 43, the latter after a slight decrease Overshoot to a value that remains at a higher level than before the switching process. This is illustrated in Fig. 4.
- the engine speed increases slightly again in view of the assumed acceleration in third gear. It can be seen that the friction clutch bridging the converter is never liable. Rather, it slips in all operating areas.
- 6 and 7 show that when the converter lock-up is controlled by slip, the conditions during the switching process are quite different. 6 and 7 also relate to switching from second to third gear of an accelerating vehicle.
- the engine speed drops, while the differential speed at the converter increases.
- the engine speed and the differential speed drop again at the converter.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 also show, analogously to FIGS. 4 and 5, the acceleration of a vehicle with a gearshift operation, the converter lock-up being opened during the gearshift operation but being closed after switching to a higher gear.
- curve 50 shows the course of the pressure difference ⁇ p acting on the lock-up clutch as a function of time.
- the pressure difference initially rises steeply over time, which indicates the tangent 51 applied to .DELTA.p, then gradually weakens as it rises and finally asymptotically approximates a desired differential pressure indicated by the dash-dotted line 52.
- the torque transmission system 60 illustrated as an exemplary embodiment in FIG. 11 is a hydrodynamic torque converter 61 with a lock-up clutch 62 and a damper unit 63 which acts between the torque converter and the lock-up clutch.
- the torque converter 61 comprises a pump wheel 65 which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to an internal combustion engine (not shown), a turbine wheel 67 which is operatively connected to an output-side hub 66, a stator wheel 68 which is fixedly arranged in the flow circuit between the pump wheel and the turbine wheel, and a stator wheel which is non-rotatably connected to the pump wheel and the turbine wheel enclosing wall cap 70.
- the converter cover 70 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the pump wheel 65 and conveys its drive connection to the internal combustion engine via driver pins 71, 72 protruding on the side facing away from the pump wheel, on which a flywheel (not shown) of the internal combustion engine is received.
- annular piston 74 Arranged between the turbine wheel 67 and the converter cover 70 is an annular piston 74 which is central to the axis of rotation of the converter and which is a shaped sheet metal part. This annular piston is received radially on the inside with a sealing hub 75 on a counter-sealing hub 76 extending from the hub part 66 connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the turbine wheel, and is designed radially on the outside as a clutch friction disk 78 with a conical friction surface 79.
- the conical friction surface 79 of the friction disk 78 of the annular piston 74 which is equipped with a suitable coating, interacts with a correspondingly conical counter-friction surface 80 of the converter cover 70, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the pump wheel 65.
- the cones of the interacting friction surfaces open, according to the embodiment provided with hatches lying far apart, on the side facing away from the turbine wheel 65.
- a gusset-like annular space is enclosed, which is radially outside the converter cover 70.
- the damper unit 63 is accommodated with ring-shaped damper spring elements 82 which, in the circumferential direction, are attached to damper drive parts 83, which are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the annular piston 74, and with their other ends to damper output parts which are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the turbine wheel 67 Support 84.
- the Därnpferantriebsmaschine 83 are designed like leaf springs, arranged on the side of the ring piston 74 pointing toward the turbine wheel 67 and with this in the area between the ring piston sealing hub 75 and the clutch friction disk 78 by means of Rivets 85 non-rotatably connected.
- Rivets 85 non-rotatably connected.
- arms 86, 87 projecting and engaging around the damper spring elements 82 and each spring element 88, 89 supporting a front end .
- the damper output parts 84 are ring segments welded to the peripheral region of the turbine wheel 67, from which protruding fingers 90 project in the direction of the clutch friction disk 78 of the annular piston 74, which mediate the support of the damper spring elements 82 at their other ends.
- the spring elements are thus received between the drivers 88, 89 of the damper drive parts 83 and the projecting driver fingers 90 of the damper drive parts 84.
- the damper unit 43 of the converter 41 is preferably designed for the main driving range, which is indicated in FIGS. 18 and 21 in the form of hatched areas.
- Such a damper design which is indicated in view of the complete converter lock-up which is only considered in this main driving range, ensures a substantially better damping of torsional vibrations than would be possible with a damper design designed for a larger driving range.
- the lock-up clutch shown in the drawing as an exemplary embodiment and explained above has a front pressure chamber 92 between the annular piston 74 and the turbine wheel 67 and a rear pressure chamber 93 between the annular piston and the converter cover 70.
- the clutch friction disk 78 is actuated into it with the counter friction surface 80 of the converter cover 70 cooperating clutch position due to the application of fluid pressure to the front pressure chamber 92 and the setting of the torque to be transmitted by the friction clutch takes place as a function of the differential pressure acting between the front pressure chamber 93.
- the damper spring elements 82 direct mechanical transmission of the input torque introduced on the converter cover to the turbine wheel 67 and from the latter via the drive hub 66, which is firmly connected therewith, to an output train which is operatively connected to a downstream automatic transmission.
- the lock-up clutch operates with slip, the input torque introduced via converter cover 70 becomes one depending on the slip Torque transmitted by the lock-up clutch 62 on the one hand and on the other hand by the converter 61 is divided, as shown schematically in FIG.
- the friction clutch 12, 42 can be controlled according to the invention in such a way that it is at least partially closed at least temporarily in all forward gears.
- slip control of the clutch is also provided in the first or from the first gear, and complete engagement can also take place.
- the conical friction surfaces of the converter cover 70 and the friction disk 78 can also be designed as cones inclined towards the turbine wheel, as is shown by the embodiment shown with close-fitting hatching lines and as indicated at 70a and 78a.
- the damper springs 82 can then be accommodated radially further inwards, for example above the hub 66.
- FIG. 13 shows the primary characteristic field of a “hard” converter with the pump torque over the pump speed and the speed ratio turbine / pump as parameters.
- FIG. 13 a map of a drive motor with the engine output torque above the engine speed corresponding to the turbine speed is also entered.
- the main driving range is also shown hatched in FIG. 13, which roughly covers the speed range between 750 to 2000 revolutions per minute.
- the secondary characteristic diagram illustrated in FIG. 14 shows the turbine torque over the turbine speed with indication of the efficiencies in the most varied of performance ranges for the hard-designed converter according to the characteristic diagram according to FIG. 15.
- the pump torque over the pump speed is shown with the speed ratio turbine / pump as a parameter of a "soft" converter.
- the characteristics of the "soft" transducer have a much flatter course for the same parameters as in FIG.
- the conversion range extends from the middle to the upper speed range.
- This acceleration reserve is shown in particular in FIG. 18, in which the secondary field belonging to a hard transducer according to FIG. 14 is placed over the secondary field assigned to the soft transducer according to FIG. 17.
- the area shown in dashed lines between the two load lines of the two converters is obtained for an excessive torque.
- FIG. 19 This is also shown by the output characteristic diagram of a torque transmission system with a soft converter design, which is illustrated in FIG. 19 as in FIG. 15.
- the usable conversion area has increased compared to the output map according to FIG. 15 by the area lying above the dashed line.
- the main driving area shown as a hatched area and the area with minimal slip are also entered in this map.
- a useful further development of the invention provides that the setting of a newly calculated amount, which differs from the previous one, of a parameter influencing the distribution of the torque to be transmitted between converter and friction clutch, preferably the differential pressure, 5 is delayed after a function depending on the time .
- the setting of a newly calculated amount, which differs from the previous one, of a parameter influencing the distribution of the torque to be transmitted between the converter and the friction clutch can also be carried out according to a function as a function of the differential speed between the input and output of the torque transmission system delayed.
- the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown and described, but in particular also includes variants which can be formed by combining features or elements described in connection with the present invention. Furthermore, individual features or modes of operation described in connection with the figures can represent an independent invention on their own.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)
- Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
- Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002121891A CA2121891C (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1993-08-21 | Method of regulating a torque transmitting system |
JP50577994A JP3634360B2 (ja) | 1992-08-21 | 1993-08-21 | トルク伝達系の制御法 |
DE4393919T DE4393919D2 (de) | 1992-08-21 | 1993-08-21 | Verfahren zum Steuern eines Drehmomenten-Übertragungssystems |
GB9407872A GB2275513B (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1993-08-21 | Process for controlling a torque transmission system |
US08/211,978 US5674155A (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1993-08-21 | Method of and apparatus for transmitting torque in the power trains of motor vehicles |
AU49421/93A AU4942193A (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1993-08-21 | Process for controlling a torque transmission system |
KR1019940701308A KR100308314B1 (ko) | 1992-08-21 | 1993-08-21 | 토오크전달시스템제어방법 |
SE9401338A SE509263C2 (sv) | 1992-08-21 | 1994-04-20 | Förfarande för styrning av ett vridmomentöverföringssystem |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE4227671 | 1992-08-21 | ||
DEP4227671.3 | 1992-08-21 | ||
DE4228137 | 1992-08-25 | ||
DEP4228137.7 | 1992-08-25 | ||
DEP4235070.0 | 1992-10-17 | ||
DE4235070 | 1992-10-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1994004852A2 true WO1994004852A2 (de) | 1994-03-03 |
WO1994004852A3 WO1994004852A3 (de) | 1994-06-09 |
Family
ID=27204108
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1993/000765 WO1994004852A2 (de) | 1992-08-21 | 1993-08-21 | Verfahren zum steuern eines drehmomenten-übertragungssystems |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5674155A (de) |
JP (2) | JP3634360B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100308314B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4942193A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2121891C (de) |
DE (3) | DE4393919D2 (de) |
FR (2) | FR2694970B1 (de) |
GB (6) | GB2275513B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1994004852A2 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2721987A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-23 | 1996-01-05 | Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh | Procede de commande pour un systeme de transmission de couple et systeme de transmission de couple pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
EP0699852A1 (de) * | 1994-09-02 | 1996-03-06 | General Motors Corporation | Steuerung für eine Drehmomentwandler-Überbrückungskupplung mit einstellbarem Übertragungsvermögen |
US5779012A (en) * | 1994-02-11 | 1998-07-14 | Luk Getriebe-Systeme Gmbh | Hydrokinetic torque converter with lockup clutch |
Families Citing this family (44)
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5779012A (en) * | 1994-02-11 | 1998-07-14 | Luk Getriebe-Systeme Gmbh | Hydrokinetic torque converter with lockup clutch |
FR2721987A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-23 | 1996-01-05 | Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh | Procede de commande pour un systeme de transmission de couple et systeme de transmission de couple pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
FR2763373A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-23 | 1998-11-20 | Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh | Procede de commande pour un systeme de transmission de couple et systeme de transmission de couple pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
FR2764664A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-23 | 1998-12-18 | Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh | Procede pour commander un systeme de transmission de couple et dispositifs pour sa mise en oeuvre |
FR2767364A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-23 | 1999-02-19 | Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh | Procede de commande pour un systeme de transmission de couple et systeme de transmission de couple pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
FR2767288A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-23 | 1999-02-19 | Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh | Procede de commande pour un systeme de transmission de couple et systeme de transmission de couple pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
EP0699852A1 (de) * | 1994-09-02 | 1996-03-06 | General Motors Corporation | Steuerung für eine Drehmomentwandler-Überbrückungskupplung mit einstellbarem Übertragungsvermögen |
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