WO1994004852A3 - Verfahren zum steuern eines drehmomenten-übertragungssystems - Google Patents

Verfahren zum steuern eines drehmomenten-übertragungssystems Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994004852A3
WO1994004852A3 PCT/DE1993/000765 DE9300765W WO9404852A3 WO 1994004852 A3 WO1994004852 A3 WO 1994004852A3 DE 9300765 W DE9300765 W DE 9300765W WO 9404852 A3 WO9404852 A3 WO 9404852A3
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clutch
torque
converter
controlling
transmission system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1993/000765
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO1994004852A2 (de
Inventor
Dieter Otto
Thomas Pfund
Klaus Herzog
Anton Rink
Original Assignee
Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh filed Critical Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh
Priority to DE4393919T priority Critical patent/DE4393919D2/de
Priority to CA002121891A priority patent/CA2121891C/en
Priority to JP50577994A priority patent/JP3634360B2/ja
Priority to AU49421/93A priority patent/AU4942193A/en
Priority to GB9407872A priority patent/GB2275513B/en
Priority to US08/211,978 priority patent/US5674155A/en
Priority to KR1019940701308A priority patent/KR100308314B1/ko
Publication of WO1994004852A2 publication Critical patent/WO1994004852A2/de
Priority to SE9401338A priority patent/SE509263C2/sv
Publication of WO1994004852A3 publication Critical patent/WO1994004852A3/de

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/14Control of torque converter lock-up clutches
    • F16H61/143Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H45/00Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches
    • F16H45/02Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0001Details of the control system
    • B60W2050/0002Automatic control, details of type of controller or control system architecture
    • B60W2050/0008Feedback, closed loop systems or details of feedback error signal
    • B60W2050/001Proportional integral [PI] controller
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0001Details of the control system
    • B60W2050/0002Automatic control, details of type of controller or control system architecture
    • B60W2050/0008Feedback, closed loop systems or details of feedback error signal
    • B60W2050/0011Proportional Integral Differential [PID] controller
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0001Details of the control system
    • B60W2050/0019Control system elements or transfer functions
    • B60W2050/0028Mathematical models, e.g. for simulation
    • B60W2050/0031Mathematical model of the vehicle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0001Details of the control system
    • B60W2050/0019Control system elements or transfer functions
    • B60W2050/0042Transfer function lag; delays
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0657Engine torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/10Accelerator pedal position
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/16Ratio selector position
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/02Clutches
    • B60W2710/025Clutch slip, i.e. difference between input and output speeds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/02Clutches
    • B60W2710/027Clutch torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0666Engine torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/20Reducing vibrations in the driveline
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H45/00Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches
    • F16H45/02Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
    • F16H2045/0273Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type characterised by the type of the friction surface of the lock-up clutch
    • F16H2045/0294Single disk type lock-up clutch, i.e. using a single disc engaged between friction members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/36Inputs being a function of speed
    • F16H59/38Inputs being a function of speed of gearing elements
    • F16H2059/385Turbine speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/36Inputs being a function of speed
    • F16H59/46Inputs being a function of speed dependent on a comparison between speeds
    • F16H2059/465Detecting slip, e.g. clutch slip ratio
    • F16H2059/467Detecting slip, e.g. clutch slip ratio of torque converter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H2061/0075Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by a particular control method
    • F16H2061/0087Adaptive control, e.g. the control parameters adapted by learning
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/14Control of torque converter lock-up clutches
    • F16H61/143Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means
    • F16H2061/145Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means for controlling slip, e.g. approaching target slip value
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/14Control of torque converter lock-up clutches
    • F16H61/143Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means
    • F16H2061/146Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means for smoothing gear shift shock
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/14Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
    • F16H59/24Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand dependent on the throttle opening
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/36Inputs being a function of speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/68Inputs being a function of gearing status
    • F16H59/72Inputs being a function of gearing status dependent on oil characteristics, e.g. temperature, viscosity

Abstract

Verfahren zum Steuern eines Drehmomenten-Übertragungssystems mit einem Strömungswandler (11) und einer letzteren überbrückenden Reibungskupplung (12) sowie Überbrückungskupplung und Strömungswandler eines derartigen Systems. Bei dem Steuerungsverfahren handelt es sich um eine Momentensteuerung, bei der das von einem Antriebsaggregat bereitgestellte Eingangs-Drehmoment in ein vom Wandler (11) und ein von der Lock-up-Kupplung (12) zu übertragendes Drehmoment aufgeteilt wird. Bei der Überbrückungskupplung ist ein zwischen dem Wandlerdeckel und dem Turbinenrad angeordneter zentrischer Ringkolben radial außen als Kupplungsscheibe ausgebildet und radial innen auf einer Gegendichtnabe aufgenommen. Der Strömungswandler ist 'weich' ausgelegt und besitzt einen flachen Primärkennlinienverlauf sowie ein breites Sekundärkennfeld, mithin also einen großen Wandlungsbereich.
PCT/DE1993/000765 1992-08-21 1993-08-21 Verfahren zum steuern eines drehmomenten-übertragungssystems WO1994004852A2 (de)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4393919T DE4393919D2 (de) 1992-08-21 1993-08-21 Verfahren zum Steuern eines Drehmomenten-Übertragungssystems
CA002121891A CA2121891C (en) 1992-08-21 1993-08-21 Method of regulating a torque transmitting system
JP50577994A JP3634360B2 (ja) 1992-08-21 1993-08-21 トルク伝達系の制御法
AU49421/93A AU4942193A (en) 1992-08-21 1993-08-21 Process for controlling a torque transmission system
GB9407872A GB2275513B (en) 1992-08-21 1993-08-21 Process for controlling a torque transmission system
US08/211,978 US5674155A (en) 1992-08-21 1993-08-21 Method of and apparatus for transmitting torque in the power trains of motor vehicles
KR1019940701308A KR100308314B1 (ko) 1992-08-21 1993-08-21 토오크전달시스템제어방법
SE9401338A SE509263C2 (sv) 1992-08-21 1994-04-20 Förfarande för styrning av ett vridmomentöverföringssystem

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4227671.3 1992-08-21
DE4227671 1992-08-21
DEP4228137.7 1992-08-25
DE4228137 1992-08-25
DEP4235070.0 1992-10-17
DE4235070 1992-10-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994004852A2 WO1994004852A2 (de) 1994-03-03
WO1994004852A3 true WO1994004852A3 (de) 1994-06-09

Family

ID=27204108

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1993/000765 WO1994004852A2 (de) 1992-08-21 1993-08-21 Verfahren zum steuern eines drehmomenten-übertragungssystems

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5674155A (de)
JP (2) JP3634360B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100308314B1 (de)
AU (1) AU4942193A (de)
CA (1) CA2121891C (de)
DE (3) DE4328182C2 (de)
FR (2) FR2694970B1 (de)
GB (6) GB2302145B (de)
WO (1) WO1994004852A2 (de)

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DE4420959B4 (de) 1993-07-09 2006-05-11 Luk Gs Verwaltungs Kg Hydrodynamischer Strömungswandler
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GB2316140B (en) * 1993-09-17 1998-04-08 Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh Drive system with an internal combustion engine
DE29521915U1 (de) * 1994-01-21 1998-10-15 Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh Reibring sowie Kupplung mit einem solchen Reibring
DE19500814B4 (de) * 1994-01-21 2013-09-12 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Reibring sowie Kupplung mit einem solchen Reibring
US5738198A (en) * 1994-01-21 1998-04-14 Luk Getriebe-Systeme Gmbh Friction element for use in clutches
SE509655C2 (sv) * 1994-02-11 1999-02-22 Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh Hydrodynamisk vridmomentomvanlare
US5890992A (en) * 1994-02-23 1999-04-06 Luk Getriebe-Systeme Gmbh Method of and apparatus for regulating the transmission of torque in power trains
GB2320533B (en) * 1994-02-23 1998-08-26 Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh Torque transfer system
GB2319819B (en) * 1994-02-23 1998-10-07 Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh Control method for a torque transfer system and torque transfer system for carrying out the control method
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DE10110780A1 (de) * 2001-03-07 2002-09-19 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Verfahren zum Steuern eines Automatgetriebes
JP2004538213A (ja) * 2001-08-16 2004-12-24 ルーク ラメレン ウント クツプルングスバウ ベタイリグングス コマンディートゲゼルシャフト クラッチの滑り制御のための方法
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US7925405B2 (en) * 2006-08-21 2011-04-12 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Torque distribution system with electronic power take-off module
JP5325298B2 (ja) * 2009-07-22 2013-10-23 本田技研工業株式会社 無段変速機の制御装置
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JP5522266B2 (ja) * 2010-11-26 2014-06-18 トヨタ自動車株式会社 車両用駆動装置の制御装置
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DE102019216212A1 (de) * 2019-10-22 2021-04-22 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verfahren und Steuergerät zum Betreiben eines Antriebsstrangs eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem Nebenabtrieb
DE102022206929A1 (de) 2022-07-07 2024-01-18 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verfahren und Steuergerät zum Betreiben eines Getriebes eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem Nebenabtrieb

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DE4328182C2 (de) 2001-12-13
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CA2121891C (en) 2005-01-11
GB9703929D0 (en) 1997-04-16
FR2694970B1 (fr) 1996-11-22
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DE4328182A1 (de) 1994-02-24
GB2306590B (en) 1997-08-13
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GB2275513A (en) 1994-08-31
GB2306590A (en) 1997-05-07
DE4345527B4 (de) 2011-03-03
GB2302145A (en) 1997-01-08
GB2302375A (en) 1997-01-15
GB9614847D0 (en) 1996-09-04
FR2736407B1 (fr) 1998-02-13
GB2306591B (en) 1997-08-13
GB9701283D0 (en) 1997-03-12
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US5674155A (en) 1997-10-07
FR2694970A1 (fr) 1994-02-25
GB9407872D0 (en) 1994-06-22
CA2121891A1 (en) 1994-03-03
GB2307016B (en) 1997-08-13
GB2275513A8 (en) 1995-03-29
GB9702934D0 (en) 1997-04-02
DE4393919D2 (de) 1995-10-19
WO1994004852A2 (de) 1994-03-03
KR100308314B1 (ko) 2001-12-28
GB9614846D0 (en) 1996-09-04

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