US20160115570A1 - Resistor alloy, component produced therefrom and production method therefor - Google Patents

Resistor alloy, component produced therefrom and production method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160115570A1
US20160115570A1 US14/891,133 US201414891133A US2016115570A1 US 20160115570 A1 US20160115570 A1 US 20160115570A1 US 201414891133 A US201414891133 A US 201414891133A US 2016115570 A1 US2016115570 A1 US 2016115570A1
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Prior art keywords
constituent
mass fraction
resistance alloy
resistance
copper
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Abandoned
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US14/891,133
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Zuckermann
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IsabellenHuette Heusler GmbH and Co KG
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IsabellenHuette Heusler GmbH and Co KG
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Assigned to ISABELLENHUETTE HEUSLER GMBH & CO. KG reassignment ISABELLENHUETTE HEUSLER GMBH & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ZUCKERMANN, Daniel
Publication of US20160115570A1 publication Critical patent/US20160115570A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/05—Alloys based on copper with manganese as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a resistance alloy for an electrical resistor, in particular for a low-ohm current-measuring resistor.
  • the invention further includes a component produced therefrom and a corresponding production method.
  • Copper-manganese-nickel alloys have already been in use for a long time as materials for precision resistors, in particular for low-ohm current-measuring resistors (“shunts”).
  • An example of such a copper-manganese-nickel alloy is the resistance alloy marketed by the applicant under the trade name Manganin® (e.g. Cu 84 Ni 4 Mn 12 ) with a mass fraction of copper of 82-84%, a mass fraction of nickel of 2-4% and a mass fraction of manganese of 12-15%.
  • the known copper-manganese-nickel alloys satisfy all requirements for resistance alloys for precision resistors, such as, for example, a low temperature coefficient of the specific electrical resistance, a low thermal electromotive force against copper and a high stability of the electrical resistance over time.
  • the known copper-manganese-nickel alloys have good technological properties, in particular good working properties, allowing such copper-manganese-nickel alloys to be worked to form wires, ribbons, foils and resistor components.
  • a disadvantage of the known copper-manganese-nickel alloys is, however, the limitation to relatively low specific electrical resistances of not more than 0.5 ( ⁇ mm 2 )/m.
  • nickel-chromium alloys for example, are known, but these likewise exhibit various disadvantages.
  • nickel-chromium alloys are mostly substantially more expensive than copper-manganese-nickel alloys.
  • nickel-chromium alloys are more difficult to handle in many respects from the production point of view.
  • the hot workability of nickel-chromium alloys is relatively poor, and complex heat treatment processes are necessary in order to establish specific electro-physical material properties.
  • the working temperatures in the melting process are about 500K higher in the case of nickel-chromium alloys than in the case of copper-manganese-nickel alloys, which leads to higher energy costs and material wear of the working equipment.
  • the good acid resistance of nickel-chromium alloys which is otherwise desirable, gives rise to major problems in the production of resistor structures by etching and makes the removal by pickling of oxides caused by heat treatment a complex and non-hazardous manufacturing step.
  • the copper-manganese-nickel-aluminum alloy 29-5-1 which has a specific electrical resistance of 1 ( ⁇ mm 2 )/m and thereby satisfies the requirement for a low temperature coefficient of the specific electrical resistance.
  • this resistance alloy has a high thermal electromotive force against copper at 20° C. of +3 ⁇ V/K, resulting in high fault currents which render this alloy unsuitable for precise measurement applications.
  • DE 1 033 423 B discloses a resistance alloy of the generic type.
  • this known resistance alloy has the disadvantage of a relatively high, in terms of amount, thermal electromotive force against copper of ⁇ 2 ⁇ V/K.
  • the object underlying the invention is to provide a correspondingly improved resistance alloy based on copper-manganese-nickel, which resistance alloy has as high a specific electrical resistance as possible, a low thermal electromotive force against copper, a low temperature coefficient of the electrical resistance, and a high stability of the specific electrical resistance over time, and which combines these properties with the good technological properties (e.g. workability) described at the beginning of the known copper-manganese-nickel alloys.
  • the resistance alloy according to the invention firstly has, in conformity with the known copper-manganese-nickel alloys mentioned at the beginning, a copper constituent, a manganese constituent and a nickel constituent.
  • the invention is distinguished by the fact that the manganese constituent has a mass fraction of from 23% to 28%, while the nickel constituent has a mass fraction of from 9% to 13%. It has been shown in practice that such a resistance alloy based on copper-manganese-nickel satisfies the requirements described above.
  • the mass fractions of the various alloying constituents are so matched to one another that the resistance alloy according to the invention has a low thermal electromotive force against copper which at 20° C. is less than ⁇ 1 ⁇ V/K, ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ V/K or even less than ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ V/K.
  • the mass fraction of the manganese constituent can be, for example, in the range of 24%-27%, 25%-26%, 23%-25%, 23%-26%, 23%-27%, 24%-28%, 25%-28%, 26%-28% or 27%-28%.
  • a mass fraction of the manganese constituent of 24.5%-25.5% is particularly advantageous.
  • the mass fraction of the nickel constituent can be, for example, in the range of 9%-12%, 9%-11%, 9%-10%, 10%-13%, 11%-13%, 12%-13%, 10%-12% or 11%-12%.
  • the resistance alloy according to the invention therefore preferably also has a tin constituent with a mass fraction of up to 3%.
  • the resistance alloy according to the invention can therefore have, in addition to the tin constituent or instead of the tin constituent, a silicon constituent with a mass fraction of up to 1%.
  • the resistance alloy according to the invention can therefore also have, in addition to the tin constituent and/or the silicon constituent or instead of those constituents, a magnesium constituent with a mass fraction of up to 0.3%.
  • a preferred embodiment of a resistance alloy according to the invention is Cu 65 Ni 10 Mn 25 with a mass fraction of copper of 65%, a mass fraction of nickel of 10% and a mass fraction of manganese of 25%.
  • Another embodiment of a resistance alloy according to the invention is Cu64Ni10Mn25Sn1 with a mass fraction of copper of 64%, a mass fraction of nickel of 10%, a mass fraction of manganese of 25% and a mass fraction of tin of 1%.
  • the mass fraction of tin can, however, also be smaller, which is then balanced by a correspondingly higher mass fraction of copper.
  • a further embodiment of a resistance alloy according to the invention is Cu 62 Ni 11 Mn 27 with a mass fraction of copper of 62%, a mass fraction of nickel of 11% and a mass fraction of manganese of 27%.
  • a further embodiment of a resistance alloy according to the invention is Cu 61 Ni 11 Mn 27 Sn 1 with a mass fraction of copper of 61%, a mass fraction of manganese of 27%, a mass fraction of nickel of 11% and a mass fraction of tin of 1%.
  • the mass fraction of tin can also be smaller, which is balanced by a correspondingly higher mass fraction of copper.
  • the specific electrical resistance is preferably in the range of from 0.5 ( ⁇ mm2)/m to 2 ( ⁇ mm2)/m.
  • the specific electrical resistance of the resistance alloy according to the invention preferably has a high stability over time with a relative change of less than ⁇ 0.5% or ⁇ 0.25%, in particular within a period of 3000 hours and at a temperature of at least +140° C., the higher temperature of at least +140° C. accelerating the ageing process.
  • the resistance alloy according to the invention preferably has a low thermal electromotive force against copper, which at 20° C. is preferably less than ⁇ 1 ⁇ V/K, ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ V/K or even less than ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ V/K.
  • the specific electrical resistance is relatively temperature-constant with a low temperature coefficient of preferably less than ⁇ 50 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 K ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 35 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 K ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 30 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 K ⁇ 1 or ⁇ 20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 K ⁇ 1 , in particular in a temperature range of from +20° C. to +60° C.
  • the resistance alloy has a resistance/temperature curve, which shows the relative change in resistance in dependence on the temperature, the resistance/temperature curve having a second zero-crossing which preferably occurs at a temperature of more than +20° C., +30° C. or +40° C. and/or at a temperature of less than +110° C., +100° C. or +90° C.
  • a mechanical tensile strength of at least 500 MPa, 550 MPa or 580 MPa.
  • the resistance alloy according to the invention preferably has a yield strength of at least 150 MPa, 200 MPa or 260 MPa, while the breaking elongation is preferably greater than 30%, 35%, 40% or even 45%.
  • the resistance alloy is preferably capable of being soft-soldered and/or hard-soldered.
  • the resistance alloy according to the invention can be produced in various forms of delivery, such as, for example, in the form of a wire (e.g. round wire, flat wire), in the form of a ribbon, in the form of a sheet, in the form of a rod, in the form of a tube or in the form of a foil.
  • a wire e.g. round wire, flat wire
  • the invention is not limited in respect of the forms of delivery to the forms of delivery mentioned above.
  • the invention additionally also includes an electrical or electronic component having a resistor element made from the resistance alloy according to the invention.
  • a resistor element made from the resistance alloy according to the invention.
  • it can be a resistor, in particular a low-ohm current-measuring resistor, as is known per se from EP 0 605 800 A1, for example.
  • the invention also includes a corresponding production method, as already follows from the above description of the resistance alloy according to the invention.
  • the resistance alloy can be subjected to an artificial thermal ageing process, wherein the resistance alloy is heated from a starting temperature to an ageing temperature. This process can be repeated several times within the scope of the ageing process, the resistance alloy repeatedly being periodically heated to the ageing temperature and cooled to the starting temperature again.
  • the ageing temperature can be, for example, in the range of from +80° C. to +300° C., while the starting temperature is preferably less than +30° C. or +20° C.
  • FIG. 1 is a phase diagram for a copper-manganese-nickel alloy, the region according to the invention being plotted in the phase diagram,
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a construction of a current-measuring resistor according to the invention having a resistor element made from the resistance alloy according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the temperature dependence of the specific electrical resistance in the case of different embodiments of the resistance alloy according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the long-term stability of the resistance alloy according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a phase diagram of a copper-manganese-nickel alloy, the mass fraction of copper being shown on the top left axis, while the mass fraction of nickel is shown on the top right axis.
  • the mass fraction of manganese is shown on the bottom axis.
  • phase diagram shows in hatched form a zone 1 in which the resistance alloy tends to precipitation hardening.
  • phase diagram also shows a region 3 which characterizes the resistance alloy according to the invention, the mass fraction of manganese in the region 3 being from 23% to 28%, while the mass fraction of nickel in the region 3 is from 9% to 13%.
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified perspective view of a current-measuring resistor 4 according to the invention, as is already known per se from EP 0 605 800 A1 so that, in order to avoid repetition, reference is made to that patent application, the content of which is to be incorporated in its entirety in the present description.
  • the current-measuring resistor 4 consists substantially of two plate-like connecting parts 5 , 6 of copper and, arranged therebetween, a resistor element 7 made from the resistance alloy according to the invention, which alloy can be, for example, Cu 65 Ni 10 Mn 25 .
  • FIG. 3 shows the temperature-dependent development of the relative resistance change DR/R20 in dependence on the temperature.
  • FIG. 4 shows the long-term stability of the resistance alloy according to the invention. It is apparent therefrom that the relative resistance change dR over a period of 3000 hours is substantially less than 0.25%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
US14/891,133 2013-06-19 2014-06-18 Resistor alloy, component produced therefrom and production method therefor Abandoned US20160115570A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013010301.0 2013-06-19
DE102013010301.0A DE102013010301A1 (de) 2013-06-19 2013-06-19 Widerstandslegierung, daraus hergestelltes Bauelement und Herstellungsverfahren dafür
PCT/EP2014/001669 WO2014202221A1 (fr) 2013-06-19 2014-06-18 Alliage pour résistance électrique, élément structural fabriqué en cet alliage, et procédé de production correspondant

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2014/001669 A-371-Of-International WO2014202221A1 (fr) 2013-06-19 2014-06-18 Alliage pour résistance électrique, élément structural fabriqué en cet alliage, et procédé de production correspondant

Related Child Applications (1)

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US16/834,935 Division US20200224293A1 (en) 2013-06-19 2020-03-30 Resistor having a resistor element comprising resistance alloy with improved properties

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US16/834,935 Abandoned US20200224293A1 (en) 2013-06-19 2020-03-30 Resistor having a resistor element comprising resistance alloy with improved properties

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US (2) US20160115570A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3011069B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6467408B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR102194267B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105308204B (fr)
DE (1) DE102013010301A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2733024T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014202221A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170214392A1 (en) * 2014-09-08 2017-07-27 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Reference clock signal generators and methods for generating a reference clock signal
CN114959355A (zh) * 2017-01-10 2022-08-30 古河电气工业株式会社 电阻材料用铜合金材料及其制造方法以及电阻器
CN115279930A (zh) * 2020-04-01 2022-11-01 Koa株式会社 电阻器用合金以及电阻器用合金在电阻器中的用途

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JP2017053015A (ja) * 2015-09-11 2017-03-16 日立金属株式会社 抵抗材料
CN105603252B (zh) * 2016-01-14 2017-12-08 厦门大学 一种基于调幅分解的铜镍合金作为强化恒电阻率合金的应用
CN105648267A (zh) * 2016-03-30 2016-06-08 广东合科泰实业有限公司 一种低温度系数电阻体及其制备方法以及采用该低温度系数电阻体的低温度系数电阻
CN108346496B (zh) * 2018-05-18 2019-11-12 常熟市夸克电阻合金有限公司 一种ptc热敏电阻合金丝
JP7430121B2 (ja) * 2020-08-07 2024-02-09 Koa株式会社 シャント抵抗器に用いられる抵抗合金、抵抗合金のシャント抵抗器への使用及び抵抗合金を用いたシャント抵抗器
KR20240026276A (ko) * 2021-06-28 2024-02-27 후루카와 덴키 고교 가부시키가이샤 구리 합금재와, 이를 이용한 저항기용 저항 재료 및 저항기
WO2023276905A1 (fr) 2021-06-28 2023-01-05 古河電気工業株式会社 Matériau d'alliage de cuivre, matériau résistif pour résistances l'utilisant, et résistance
KR20240026278A (ko) 2021-06-28 2024-02-27 후루카와 덴키 고교 가부시키가이샤 구리 합금재와, 이를 이용한 저항기용 저항 재료 및 저항기

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170214392A1 (en) * 2014-09-08 2017-07-27 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Reference clock signal generators and methods for generating a reference clock signal
US10116286B2 (en) * 2014-09-08 2018-10-30 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Reference clock signal generators and methods for generating a reference clock signal
CN114959355A (zh) * 2017-01-10 2022-08-30 古河电气工业株式会社 电阻材料用铜合金材料及其制造方法以及电阻器
CN115279930A (zh) * 2020-04-01 2022-11-01 Koa株式会社 电阻器用合金以及电阻器用合金在电阻器中的用途

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Publication number Publication date
JP6467408B2 (ja) 2019-02-13
ES2733024T3 (es) 2019-11-27
CN105308204A (zh) 2016-02-03
DE102013010301A1 (de) 2014-12-24
US20200224293A1 (en) 2020-07-16
CN105308204B (zh) 2018-12-04
JP2016528376A (ja) 2016-09-15
WO2014202221A1 (fr) 2014-12-24
KR20160021195A (ko) 2016-02-24
EP3011069B1 (fr) 2019-04-03
EP3011069A1 (fr) 2016-04-27
KR102194267B1 (ko) 2020-12-22

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