US20140085452A1 - Specacle Device With An Adjustable Field Of View And Method - Google Patents

Specacle Device With An Adjustable Field Of View And Method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140085452A1
US20140085452A1 US14/005,314 US201214005314A US2014085452A1 US 20140085452 A1 US20140085452 A1 US 20140085452A1 US 201214005314 A US201214005314 A US 201214005314A US 2014085452 A1 US2014085452 A1 US 2014085452A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
eye
view
field
capturing unit
spectacle device
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US14/005,314
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English (en)
Inventor
Walter Nistico
Jan Hoffmann
Eberhard Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Apple Inc
Original Assignee
SensoMotoric Instruments Gesellschaft fuer Innovative Sensorik mbH
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Assigned to SENSOMOTORIC INSTRUMENTS GESELLSCHAFT FUR INNOVATIVE SENSORIK MBH reassignment SENSOMOTORIC INSTRUMENTS GESELLSCHAFT FUR INNOVATIVE SENSORIK MBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HOFFMANN, JAN, Nistico, Walter, SCHMIDT, EBERHARD
Publication of US20140085452A1 publication Critical patent/US20140085452A1/en
Assigned to APPLE INC. reassignment APPLE INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SENSOMOTORIC INSTRUMENTS GESELLSCHAFT FUR INNOVATIVE SENSORIK MBH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0008—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes provided with illuminating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/024—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for determining the visual field, e.g. perimeter types
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/107—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining the shape or measuring the curvature of the cornea
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/11—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring interpupillary distance or diameter of pupils
    • A61B3/112—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring interpupillary distance or diameter of pupils for measuring diameter of pupils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/113—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining or recording eye movement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0093—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for monitoring data relating to the user, e.g. head-tracking, eye-tracking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C11/00—Non-optical adjuncts; Attachment thereof
    • G02C11/10—Electronic devices other than hearing aids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • G06F3/013—Eye tracking input arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
    • H04N23/11—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths for generating image signals from visible and infrared light wavelengths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/61—Control of cameras or camera modules based on recognised objects
    • H04N23/611—Control of cameras or camera modules based on recognised objects where the recognised objects include parts of the human body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/69—Control of means for changing angle of the field of view, e.g. optical zoom objectives or electronic zooming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/90—Arrangement of cameras or camera modules, e.g. multiple cameras in TV studios or sports stadiums
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0138—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising image capture systems, e.g. camera
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/014—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising information/image processing systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0179—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed
    • G02B2027/0187—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed slaved to motion of at least a part of the body of the user, e.g. head, eye

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spectacle device for capturing at least one parameter of at least one eye of a test person wearing the spectacle device, the spectacle device comprising a frame configured to fix the spectacle device to the head of the test person, at least one first capturing unit configured to optically capture the at least one parameter of the at least one eye, and a second capturing unit the optical capture range of which at least partly corresponds to an optical capture range of the at least one eye and which is configured to output data concerning a field of view which is correlated with the optical capture range of the second capturing unit.
  • the invention also relates to a method for capturing at least one parameter of at least one eye of a test person by means of a spectacle device.
  • U.S. RE39,539 E discloses an apparatus for monitoring movement of a person's eye.
  • the system includes a frame that is worn on a person's head, an array of emitters on the frame for directing light towards the person's eye, and an array of sensors on the frame for detecting light from the array of emitters.
  • the sensors detect light that is reflected off of respective portions of the eye or its eyelid, thereby producing output signals indicating when the reflective portion of the eye is covered by the eyelid.
  • the system allows to monitor the persons level of drowsiness.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,163,281 discloses a system and method for communication using movement of a person's eye, including an emitter for directing light towards an eye, a sensor for detecting emitted light from the emitter, and a processor coupled to the sensor for converting sequential light intensity signals received from the sensor to a stream of data, and/or for converting the signals into an understandable message.
  • US 2004/0196433 A1 discloses an eye tracking system for monitoring the movement of a user's eye comprising an eye camera and a scene camera for supplying to interlace electronics video data indicative of an image of the user's eye and an image of the scene observed by the user.
  • the system incorporates a frame grabber for digitizing the video data and for separating the eye and scene data into two processing channels, and a spot location module for determining from the video data the location of a reference spot formed on the user's eye by illumination of the user's eye by a point source of light.
  • the system further incorporates a pupil location module in order to determine the user's line of gaze.
  • WO 2010/83853 A1 discloses a gaze point detection system with one or more infrared signal sources to be placed in a test scene as reference points, at least one pair of eye glasses worn by a test subject, and a data processing and storage unit for calculating a gaze point of the person.
  • the eye glasses comprise an image sensor adapted to detect IR signals from the at least one IR signal source and to generate an IR signal source tracking signal, an eye tracking unit adapted to determine the gaze direction of the test subject person and to generate an eye tracking signal, and a camera unit adapted to acquire a test scene picture.
  • WO 2004/066097 A2 discloses an eye tracking system for displaying a video screen pointer at a point of regard of a users gaze.
  • the system comprises a camera focused on the user's eye, a support connected to the camera for fixing the relative position of the camera to the user's pupil, and a computer having a CPU and an eye tracking interface. By determining the center of the eye, a pointer on the video display screen can be displayed at the point of regard.
  • US 2010/0220291 A1 discloses an eye tracking system with a transparent lens, at least one light source, and a plurality of light detectors.
  • the transparent lens is adapted for disposal adjacent an eye.
  • At least one light source is disposed within the transparent lens and is configured to emit light towards the eye.
  • the at least one light source is transparent to visible light.
  • the plurality of light detectors is disposed within the transparent lens and is configured to receive light that is emitted from the at least one light source and is reflected off of the eye.
  • Each of the light detectors is transparent to visible light and is configured, upon receipt of light that is reflected off of the eye, to supply an output signal.
  • US 2010/0220291 A1 discloses an optical measuring device according to the preamble of the present application.
  • the head mounted eye tracker disclosed in US 2010/0220291 A1 uses a camera that captures the scene in the gaze direction of the eye.
  • the gaze direction of the eye captured by another camera-like device, can then be correlated with the scene pictures acquired by the scene camera.
  • the present spectacle devices merely allow to correlate the captured scene with the gaze direction within very limited boundaries.
  • reliable eye tracking may be compromised. Consequently, known head mounted eye tracker devices usually suffer from a limited accuracy and robustness.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a spectacle device and a method which allow for more reliable correlation between a captured parameter of at least one eye of a test person with an optical capture range of the at least one eye.
  • the spectacle device serves for capturing at least one parameter of at least one eye of a test person wearing the spectacle device.
  • the spectacle device comprises a frame configured to fix the spectacle device to the head of the test person, at least one first capturing unit configured to optically capture the at least one parameter of the at least one eye, and a second capturing unit the optical capture range of which at least partly corresponds to an optical capture range of the at least one eye and which is configured to output data concerning a field of view which is correlated with the optical capture range of the second capturing unit.
  • the field of view is adjustable.
  • the test person may observe a scene with a field of view defined by the physiological capture range of its eyes. This field of view is usually much larger than the field of view capturable by the second capturing unit, the later being technically limited. Not each gaze direction of the test person may then fall into the capturable field of view of the second capturing unit.
  • the field of view of the second capturing unit adjustable a field of view that corresponds to the respective gaze direction can be chosen. Even in case of extreme viewing angles of the eyes a correlation of the gaze direction with the scene captured by the second capturing unit becomes possible. Even if the viewing direction strongly deviates from a straight ahead viewing direction eye-tracking is still possible.
  • the spectacle device forms an optical measuring device.
  • the frame may resemble the frame of conventional eye-glass lenses.
  • the first capturing unit may comprise at least one camera.
  • the second capturing unit may comprise at least one camera, which can serve as a scene camera.
  • the optical capture range of the at least one eye of the test person can be defined as a field of view observable by the test person for the eyes being fixed in a position corresponding to a specific viewing direction.
  • the optical capture range of the second capturing unit may be a field of view of the second capturing unit for a specific orientation of the spectacle device in space.
  • the optical capture range of the second capturing unit and the at least one eye may overlap.
  • the field of view is automatically adjustable in dependency on the at least one captured parameter of the at least one eye.
  • the field of view may be automatically adjusted in dependency on the gaze direction of the at least one eye.
  • the field of view may change from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation or vice versa.
  • a landscape orientation for the field of view can be chosen, while for the test person looking upwards or downwards a portrait orientation for the field of view can be automatically selected.
  • the field of view is manually adjustable, in particular by the test person. The test person can then choose the field of view which is most adequate in the respective situation.
  • the second capturing unit is arranged tiltably and/or rotatably within the frame, in particular rotatably about its optical axis.
  • the field of view is than adjustable by tilting or rotating of the second capturing unit.
  • the second capturing unit may comprise movable elements.
  • an optical element for example a prism and/or a lens, may be rotatably arranged on the optical axis of the second capturing unit, wherein by a rotation of the optical element, the field of view is adjustable.
  • This is a very simple means of adjusting the field of view of the second capturing unit. Despite being a cheap solution the field of view can be adjusted in a very reliable fashion.
  • the second capturing unit can comprise at least two subunits of the capturing unit which differ with regard to their respective field of view.
  • the field of view of the second capturing unit is then adjustable due to the data captured by the subunits of the capturing unit being separately analyzable and/or due to the subunits of the capturing unit being separately controllable.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that it does not necessarily require mechanically movable parts.
  • the two subunits together can provide data that can be merged to provide a resulting or effective field of view.
  • One subunit can for example be adjusted such that it captures a portrait field of view while the other subunit may be oriented in such a way that it captures a landscape field of view. Only one or the other subunit may be read out at the same time.
  • the sub-units of the capturing unit have different focal lengths and in particular a first of the at least two sub-units of the capturing unit comprises telephoto lens optics and/or a second of the at least two sub-units of the capturing unit comprises wide-angle lens optics.
  • the second capturing unit comprises at least one two-field lens and/or at least one progressive multi-focal lens and/or at least one prism and/or at least one free form lens, in particular a conical mirror.
  • the different optical elements allow to capture different fields of view which may or may not be distorted with regard to planarity. Depending on the chosen optical element the field of view can be adjusted to the respective observation condition.
  • the second capturing unit may comprise a detector with a pixel array and the adjusting of the field of view is effected by a selection of the pixels the data of which are captured.
  • a selection of pixels can result in a choice of a region of interest.
  • only the pixels which relate to the desired field of view may be read out.
  • the aperture angle of a field of view can be varied by the size and/or position of a region of interest. This way, the volume of data, which needs to be processed, is kept low. Superfluous data and redundancy is avoided. Only such information is acquired which is actually necessary to correlate the at least one parameter of the at least one eye with the capture range of the second capturing unit.
  • a rectangular sub-array with portrait or landscape orientation can be chosen. This way the field of view can be adjusted very easily.
  • an additional scaling step an/or a pixel-binning may be employed.
  • the at least one first capturing unit and/or the second capturing unit and/or one of the at least two subunits of the capturing unit comprises at least one camera.
  • the at least one captured parameter concerns an orientation and/or a position and/or an eyelid closure and/or a pupil diameter and/or a sclera characteristic and/or an iris characteristic and/or a characteristic of a blood vessel and/or a cornea characteristic of the at least one eye.
  • the at least one captured parameter may concern a cornea radius (anterior, posterior), an eyeball radius, a distance pupil-center to cornea-center, a distance cornea-center to eyeball-center, a distance pupil-center to limbus center, a cornea keratometric index of refraction, a cornea index of refraction, a vitreous humor index of refraction, a distance crystalline lens to eyeball-center and to cornea center and to corneal apex, a crystalline lens index of refraction, a visual axis orientation, an optical axis orientation, a pupil axis (achromatic axis) orientation, a line of sight orientation, an astigmatism degree (diopters) and orientation angle of flat and steep axis, an iris diameter, pupil diameters (pupil major and minor axes), pupil area), limbus major and minor axes, eye cyclo-torsion, eye intra-ocular distance, eye vergence, statistics over eye adduction/ab
  • the second capturing unit is integrally connected to the frame and/or structurally integrated in the frame.
  • the second capturing unit may be a camera built into the frame. It may also be a camera attached to the frame.
  • the second capturing unit is placed above a nose piece element of the spectacle device in between two frame parts framing eye-glass lenses.
  • the second capturing unit is placed close to the at least one eye of the test person when the spectacle device is fixed to the head of the test person. This embodiment guarantees that the overlap region of the field of view of the test person and the field of view of the second capturing unit is very good.
  • the frame comprises at least a first and a second frame element, wherein the second capturing unit is attached to the second frame element, and wherein the second frame element is pivotably hinged to the first frame element, and wherein the first frame element is formed in particular as an arm.
  • the spectacle device then particularly has the form of conventional eye-glass lenses with a main frame part forming the second frame element and two arms forming the first frame element, which allow to fix the spectacle device on and/or behind the ears of the test person. This way the sight of the second capturing unit onto the scene observable by the test person is unperturbed. Unusual add-ons that may disturb the test person are avoided.
  • the method according to the invention serves for capturing at least one parameter of at least one eye of a test person by means of a spectacle device.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the adjustment means is structurally integrated in the spectacle device.
  • the field of view is automatically adjusted in dependency on the at least one captured parameter of the at least one eye.
  • the field of view is automatically adjusted in dependency on data concerning the kind of an object captured by the second capturing unit and/or a characteristic of the object and/or a distance of the object from the second capturing unit and/or an orientation of the object relative to the second capturing unit. If the object, for example, is oriented in a horizontal direction to the spectacle device a landscape field of view can be automatically chosen. If the orientation of the object is vertical, a portrait field of view may be automatically selected. The outer appearance of the object then determines the most suitable field of view to guarantee reliable eye-tracking.
  • the field of view is adjusted in such a way that by the set of the adjustable fields of view a resulting field of view is covered that essentially corresponds to the physiological field of view of a human being.
  • the field of view of the second capturing unit may be technically limited.
  • this field of view can be changed, for example, with regard to its orientation, such that all fields of view taken together essentially cover a larger resulting field of view.
  • the data corresponding to the different fields of view may be merged to derive a large field of view.
  • FIG. 1A a front view of a spectacle device according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 1B a side view of the spectacle device of FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 1C a top view of the spectacle device of FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 1D a perspective view of the spectacle device of FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 2 a rear view of a spectacle device
  • FIG. 3 a schematic rear view of a spectacle device with an eye camera making use of a deflection element to direct its optical path onto the eye;
  • FIG. 4 a side view of a spectacle device schematically showing the orientation of an eye camera
  • FIG. 5 a schematic view of individual electronic components comprised by a spectacle device
  • FIG. 6A a picture with a symbol indicating a large parallax error attained with an optical measuring device according to the prior art
  • FIG. 6B a picture showing a symbol indicating the lack of a parallax error with a spectacle device according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 7 a parallax error model
  • FIG. 8 a diagram comparing parallax errors of measuring devices according to the prior art and according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9A a first field of view acquired by a scene camera
  • FIG. 9B a second field of view acquired by the scene camera
  • FIG. 10A a schematic side view of a spectacle device were the optical path of an eye camera extends in a straight line from the eye camera to an eye;
  • FIG. 10B a schematic side view of a spectacle device where the optical path of an eye camera extends from the eye camera via a mirror to the eye.
  • FIGS. 2 , 3 , and 4 show the same reference frame with a Cartesian coordinate system and perpendicular axes x, y and z.
  • FIGS. 1A to 1D show an optical measuring device which has the form of a spectacle device 1 or eye tracking device, respectively.
  • the spectacle device 1 is designed such that a person can wear it on its head just like a normal pair of glasses. It comprises a frame 4 with two side bars 5 l and 5 r which support the spectacle device 1 on the ears of the person who is wearing it. Furthermore, the spectacle device 1 is held in place on the head by a nose support 7 .
  • the mainframe has a specific width w1 and height h. Its length l depends on the length of the sidebars 5 l and 5 r . As can be seen in FIG.
  • the sidebars 5 l and 5 r are hinged to the front part of the frame 4 such that the distance w2 between the side bars 5 l and 5 r can be enlarged or reduced (see dashed sidebar configuration for sidebar 5 l in FIG. 1C ).
  • the optical measuring device may not be designed in form of a regular pair of eye glasses, but may be designed such that it resembles a helmet, forming a frame, with a face shield, forming a frame insert.
  • a scene camera 2 is installed above the nose support 7 in the frame 4 . It can either be attached to or integrated into the frame 4 . With the scene camera 2 virtually a similar field of view can be captured as seen by a test person when wearing the spectacle device 1 .
  • the spectacle device 1 contains two eye cameras 3 l and 3 r .
  • Eye cameras 3 l and 3 r are designed to observe the person's left eye and right eye, respectively, i.e. capture characteristics of the person's eyes.
  • the frame 4 contains two openings which are filled with eye glass lenses 8 l and 8 r thus forming frame inserts.
  • the pictures acquired by the scene camera 2 and the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r lead to signals which are processed in one or several pre-processing units 6 integrated into the sidebars 5 l and 5 r.
  • FIG. 2 shows an inside view of the spectacle device 1 .
  • the spectacle device 1 Along the rim of the frame part enclosing the eye glass lenses 8 l and 8 r several Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 9 are located in a ring arrangement.
  • LEDs 9 When the spectacle device 1 is worn by a person, those LEDs 9 can illuminate the eyes of the test person in a defined way. The LEDs 9 will cause reflections on the eyes of the test person (cornea reflections) for all possible gaze angles. Those reflections can be detected by the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r and can be used for eye tracking.
  • LEDs Light Emitting Diodes
  • the LEDs 9 can be switched on an off individually, in groups or all together following a specific time pattern, strobe characteristic or spatial variation.
  • the on-off-switching-frequency of different LEDs 9 or groups of LEDs 9 may vary. Certain groups of LEDs 9 may get switched on exactly when other groups of LEDs 9 get switched off.
  • a specific spatial and temporal correlation pattern may be implemented with regard to the switching and thus illumination characteristics. This way a reflection pattern can be created on the eyes that can be recognized easily by the eye cameras 3 .
  • the overall setup with the most important electronic components is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r are connected to specific camera electronics 15 by 100 mm long cables 14 .
  • the cameras 3 l and 3 r comprise only basic electronic components while their major electronic components are located within the camera electronics 15 .
  • the primarily “optical part” of the cameras 3 l and 3 r can be located remote to the primarily “electronic part” within the camera electronics 15 . Both parts can then be connected by flex-PCB cables 14 .
  • the optical sensor and the basic electronic components within the cameras 3 l and 3 r form a very small and highly compact entity while bulkier electronic components within the electronics 15 can be placed on more spacious integrated circuit boards elsewhere.
  • the electronics 15 are connected to a pre-processing unit 16 which can process the signals from the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r .
  • the pre-processing unit 16 can be identical to the pre-processing unit 6 located in the sidebars 5 l and 5 r of the spectacle device 1 .
  • the pre-processing unit 16 is connected to a USB-hub 19 .
  • the LEDs 9 installed in the frame 4 form a first and a second IR LED chain 21 and 22 arranged in a ring configuration around the eye glass lenses 8 l and 8 r .
  • the IR LED chains 21 and 22 are connected to an IR LED constant current source 20 , which is also connected to the USB-hub 19 .
  • the USB-hub 19 additionally serves as a power source for the IR LED constant current source 20 .
  • the LEDs 9 of the IR LED chains 21 and 22 can be switched on an off individually. To achieve this, they may be connected to the IR LED constant current source 20 in a parallel network with individual electrical switches for each LED 9 being
  • the USB-hub 19 is connected via a USB 2.0 cable 25 to a pre-processing unit 26 .
  • the signals pre-processed in the pre-processing unit 26 are finally analyzed in a personal computer 27 , which contains a recorder device 28 .
  • An additional aux-/sync-port 13 forming an interface on the spectacle device 1 can also be connected to the USB-hub 19 .
  • the aux-/sync-port 13 can serve as interface for synchronization with other electronic devices or for triggering parallel data acquisitions.
  • the electronics 15 , pre-processing unit 16 , USB-hub 19 and IR LED constant current source 20 are located on a common printed circuit board PCB 23 .
  • the scene camera 2 is also connected to electronics 15 via a 100 mm cable 14 .
  • the electronics 15 are located on a second printed circuit board PCB 24 , which also contains a pre-processing unit 17 .
  • the pre-processing unit 17 can be based on electronics according to the DaVinci digital signal processor (DSP). It contains an MPEG encoder 18 for encoding the signals received from the electronics 15 .
  • a microphone 12 may also be connected to the pre-processing unit 17 .
  • the pre-processing unit 17 located on the PCB 24 is connected to the USB-hub 19 . This way, processing signals acquired by the scene camera 2 are finally analyzed in the personal computer 27 .
  • the pre-processing units 6 , 16 , 17 and 26 may be able to compress at least one of the three image streams generated by the two eye cameras 3 l and 3 r and the scene camera 2 .
  • a pre-processing unit may compress only the image stream of one camera while each camera has its own pre-processing unit.
  • a single pre-processing unit may compress the image streams of all cameras.
  • the pre-processing units may be configurable via a system interface and corresponding software to manage the bandwidth by adjustment of resolution, region of interest, frame rate and compression parameters.
  • the pre-processing units may be designed to trigger synchronously the camera's image acquisition. They may provide time stamps for each acquired image which can be used to synchronise several or all camera data streams offline.
  • the pre-processing units may either be located on integrated circuit boards of the cameras or on a separate integrated circuit board that is located at or on a head mount (e.g. in the side bar 5 l or 5 r of the spectacle device 1 ) or in a separate housing that is worn by the test person 31 , e.g. on a belt.
  • the spectacle device 1 may also comprise an auxiliary interface which allows to acquire data in real time from external sensors.
  • sensors may be biometric sensors (including but not limited to EEG, ECG, etc.) or attitude sensors (including but not limited to accelerometers, magnetometers, gyroscopes, etc.). It is then possible to synchronise the data stream of the external sensors with the data streams acquired from the cameras 2 , 3 l and 3 r .
  • an external clock or trigger signal can be provided that can be used by the external sensors to synchronise themselves with the system.
  • the bandwidth of data acquired from the interface can be reduced or compressed by means of on-board processing resources integrated in the system in its dedicated recording unit 28 .
  • the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r can either be suited for visible or near infrared light. They are located symmetrically with respect to a vertical centre line that divides the user's face into two halves.
  • the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r may be positioned in front and below the eyes 10 l and 10 r respectively, for example in or at the lower rim of a pair of eye glass lenses 8 l and 8 r , pointing at the eyes 10 l and 10 r in an angle of 30° to 50° and being mounted in the frame 4 in an angle a of 30° to 50°.
  • the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r are sensitive in the near infrared.
  • the scene camera 2 can be located on a vertical centre line that divides the user's face into two halves in or at the nose bridge of the frame 4 . Alternatively, it may also be located at, in or close to the rim of a helmet, cap or headband.
  • the scene camera 2 may have HD (high definition) and/or adjustable resolution of at least 720p (1280 ⁇ 720 pixels) and is operated at 30 Hz or 60 Hz. It can either be mounted in landscape or portrait orientation. Furthermore, it can be mounted such that its orientation can be changed from landscape to portrait orientation (camera roll) and also the direction the camera is pointing in (camera pan and tilt).
  • the spectacle device 1 can also comprise a pair of scene cameras, where each scene camera can be oriented either in portrait mode or in landscape mode. Furthermore, each scene camera can be oriented independently of the respective second scene camera. Alternatively, both scene cameras 2 may have fixed orientations, which may or may not differ from each other.
  • a prism or lens can be mounted in front of the scene camera 2 to create a different positioning of the field of view of the scene camera 2 with respect to the glasses, especially a more downward oriented field of view for near range reading applications.
  • Six LEDs 9 are located around each eyeglass lens 8 . They emit in the infrared wavelength range (typically above 750 nm and below 1000 nm) at a central wavelength of 850 nm. They are driven by 50 mA current provided by the IR LED constant current source 20 .
  • a light guide can be envisaged.
  • One or several segments of light guides e.g. fiber optics
  • the illumination of the eyes may be implemented with focusing optics (structured illumination).
  • suitable diffractive optics or lasers may be used to generate a pattern of coherent light for illuminating the eyes.
  • the light source can be used together with an optical element in order to create a pattern of reflections on the eyes 10 l and 10 r (e.g. with focusing optics or diffractive optics).
  • the illumination source may either emit visible or near infrared light.
  • the illumination source may be positioned in or on the frame 4 , in particular in a circle-like arrangement around the eye glass lenses 8 l and 8 r .
  • the illumination source may be located on the rim or frame of a head mounted display. It may specifically be designed to create a pattern of reflections on the eye surfaces of the test person 31 .
  • the eye camera 3 is arranged in such a way on the frame 4 that with the spectacle device 1 fixed to the head of a test person the optical path M capturing at least one parameter of the eye 10 extends in a straight line from the eye camera 3 to the eye 10 .
  • FIGS. 3 and 10B show a different configuration of the spectacle device 1 .
  • the spectacle device 1 comprises a mirror 11 , forming an optical deflection element attached to the frame 4 , the mirror 11 and the eye camera 3 being arranged in such a way on the frame 4 that with the spectacle device 1 fixed to the head of the test person the optical path M for capturing at least one parameter of the eye 10 extends from the eye camera 3 via the mirror 11 to the eye 10 .
  • the three dimensional representation of FIG. 3 shows the spectacle device 1 from a rear or inside view. In the figure, reflections of the left and right eye 10 l and 10 r , respectively, show in the eyeglass lenses 8 l and 8 r .
  • the coordinate system is a Cartesian one with the z-axis being directed into the plane of projection.
  • the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r may be mounted in front of and above the eyes 10 l and 10 r with an optical guide or mirror 11 located in front and below the eyes 101 and 10 r , for example in or at the lower rim of a pair of eye glass lenses 8 l and 8 r in order to acquire an image of each eye 10 l and 10 r from a forward and low perspective and to make that image visible to the eye cameras 10 l and 10 r .
  • the optical guide or mirror 11 can either be a (flat) mirror, a spherical mirror, a dome, a custom lens, a holographic image guide, etc.
  • the mirror 11 can be reflecting only a specific range of wavelength and be transparent to others.
  • the mirror 11 can either be a flat mirror or a spherical mirror.
  • the advantage of a spherical mirror is that it magnifies the field of view of the eye camera 3 beyond the field of view achievable with a flat mirror.
  • the configuration of FIG. 3 furthermore allows to place the optical system very close to the eye 10 (set direction) thus improving ergonomics and aesthetics.
  • the test person's own field of view is hardly obstructed.
  • the mirror 11 can be a so-called hot mirror, i.e. the mirror 11 is transparent in the visible wavelength range while having a higher reflectivity in the infrared wavelength range. It can be very thin and hollow (so-called dome) thus, minimizing the distortion due to refraction. It can be made out of a material showing a very low index of refraction (IOR).
  • the eye camera 3 is arranged in such a way that the optical path M for the capturing of at least one parameter of the eye 10 excludes the frame insert, i.e., the eye glass lens 8 .
  • the eye glass lens 8 is arranged in such a way that the optical axis K of the eye 10 and the optical path M as single jointly used optical element comprise the eye 10 .
  • the optical path M entirely runs within a space Sp which extends on the side of the eye glass lens 8 facing the eye 10 .
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 and FIGS. 10A and 10B respectively, both reduce eye occlusion due to the upper eye-lid.
  • FIGS. 6A to 8 illustrate the reduction of parallax errors in the spectacle device 1 compared to the prior art.
  • the position of an object 29 the test person actually focuses its eyes on and the point of regard 32 determined by the spectacle device 1 usually do not coincide very well when using spectacle devices 1 as known from the prior art. This effect is usually the more pronounced the closer the test person is located to the object 29 that is to be focused.
  • the spectacle device 1 according to an embodiment of the invention the coincidence between the determined point of regard 32 and the actual object 29 is very good, even for measuring distances as low as 0.5 m (see FIG. 6B ). This is achieved by minimizing the distance between the eye ball center and the camera focal point.
  • the situation is again illustrated in FIG. 7 .
  • the spectacle device 1 may get calibrated in the situation shown in FIG. 6B .
  • the object 29 then lies in the calibration plain P and by calibrating the spectacle device 1 one can make sure that the determined point of regard 32 indeed falls onto the actual object 29 .
  • Calibration is typically performed on a plane at some distance from the test subject. It relates measured gaze direction (angles) to pixels in the scene video frame. This calculation gives valid results only for points that lie in that calibration plane.
  • the parallax error is mathematically modelled as a function of the position of the scene camera 2 with respect to the eye position.
  • the gaze estimation error due to parallax is minimized by placing the scene camera 2 as close as possible to the eye 10 , according to the results shown by the mathematical simulation.
  • the parallax error can be further corrected by estimating the distance to the point of regard by using vergence from binocular tracking and by estimating the position of the eyes with respect to the eye tracking device.
  • the field of view of the scene camera 2 can be optimized.
  • the scene camera 2 with standard optics has a field of view that does not cover the full physiological gaze range (horizontal field of view of standard optics: 40° to 50°; typical physiological gaze range: 60°).
  • the field of view of the scene camera 2 can thus be optimized depending on the respective application.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B One such field of view optimization method is illustrated in FIGS. 9A and 9B .
  • a user wearing the spectacle device 1 is at the same time observing a background B and his mobile phone 30 .
  • the field of view FOV 1 mainly covers the background B.
  • the change in gaze direction is automatically determined by the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r and the scene camera's 2 field of view is automatically adjusted by switching from landscape to portrait orientation (field of view FOV 2 ).
  • This can be achieved by a z-axis 90° mechanical roll of the scene camera 2 or by the use of an optical prism in front of the scene camera 2 .
  • an optical beam splitter may be used in front of the scene camera 2 .
  • the spectacle device 1 forms a head-mounted eye tracking system which consists of three cameras: two eye cameras 3 l and 3 r and at least one scene camera 2 .
  • the three cameras 3 l , 3 r and 2 can have a manageable bandwidth, for example by adjustable frame rates or resolutions.
  • One or several pre-processing units 6 , 16 , 17 and 26 may exist that perform variable compression of the video streams received from the cameras 2 , 3 l and 3 r .
  • the level of compression of the video streams may be the same for the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r and the scene camera 2 , or the video streams may be separately compressed for the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r and the scene camera 2 .
  • the frame rate for eye camera 3 l may correspond to full speed acquisition, the one of eye camera 3 r may correspond to 1/10 speed acquisition and the one for the scene camera 2 may correspond to 1 ⁇ 2 speed acquisition.
  • the acquisition rates may be chosen to be the same, while data processing is performed differently for each camera.
  • Data provided by one camera may be compressed more than data provided by another camera, although both cameras acquire the same amount of data.
  • One may also combine different compression rates with different acquisition rates. It is also possible to omit, for example, every second acquired image when transferring the data and thus reduce the amount of data to be sent to the CPU by half.
  • the signals of the cameras 2 , 3 l and 3 r may be transferred to a CPU in the PC 27 via a wired or wireless interface (see FIG. 5 ).
  • a wired or wireless interface see FIG. 5 .
  • Auxiliary interfaces for other data sources and methods for synchronisation with these data sources may be implemented in the spectacle device 1 .
  • the spectacle device 1 can come as a system comprising several exchangeable pieces.
  • the spectacle device 1 can have an exchangeable set of nose pieces or nose supports 7 for faces with small or large noses. This way, the spectacle device 1 can be worn over vision correction glasses without a problem.
  • the spectacle device 1 has a holding mechanism for exchangeable glasses that can have different levels of light transmittance (e.g. clear glasses or sun glasses) for a certain range of wavelengths.
  • the exchangeable glasses can have a near infrared optical filter to match the wavelength of the illumination source and block some or all light from the outside of same and similar wavelengths from reaching the eye surface to improve signal to noise on the eye surface.
  • the spectacle device 1 has rims and a nose bridge that serve as a mount or housing for the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r and the scene camera 2 .
  • the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r are mounted in such a way that their field of view extends behind the exchangeable glasses 8 l and 8 r.
  • the spectacle device 1 With the spectacle device 1 it is possible to do eye tracking, occulometrics, biometrics and position and motion measurements in order to measure and classify as fully as possible human behaviour in a free range movement setup.
  • a head mounted eye tracking device is realised which is calibration-free and provides an astigmatism estimation.
  • the eye-tracking functionality has zero set-up time. No adjustments are necessary.
  • a test person 31 can just put the spectacle device 1 on and start using it. It has a very large gaze-tracking range covering the physiological range of human eye movement (80° horizontal, 60° vertical). It is very robust and has a high accuracy in gaze mapping.
  • Astigmatism is compensated for, parallax is minimized, pupil axis shift is compensated and the device is calibration free or can be calibrated using a one-point calibration feature. Furthermore, it is designed to work irrespective of ethnic group (Caucasian, Asian, African, etc.), gender and age.
  • the field of view of the scene camera 2 is optimized.
  • the spectacle device furthermore offers biometric features, such as measuring the pupil diameter and offering interfacing and synchronisation options with EEG, ECG, etc.
  • it can be integrated with a head mounted display. It is possible to project a virtual image onto a subject's eye of a portable computer screen. Furthermore, the possibility is offered to interact with “objects” in the virtual image using eye movement (gaze, blinks).
  • Head tracking functionality can be realized by the use of three axis gyroscopes, three axis accelerometers and/or three axis magnetometers with optional sensor fusion for six dimensional head tracking.
  • the spectacle device 1 offers a very specific optical and electronic architecture.
  • the electronic architecture three or more high resolution cameras with allocateable bandwidth are incorporated in the device 1 .
  • Separate processing channels for eye cameras 3 l and 3 r and the scene camera 2 are envisaged.
  • the optical architecture is characterized by exchangeable glasses with various properties.
  • the optical path of the eye cameras 3 l and 3 r extends behind the glasses or eye glass lenses 8 l and 8 r respectively.
  • a set of LEDs 9 allows for highly variable illumination of the eyes 10 l and 10 r .
  • the illumination geometry around the eye can be controlled.
  • the specific LED subsets can be controlled with regard to strobe effect and sequencing.
  • eye illumination can be achieved by point, line or two-dimensional light sources.
  • Spectacle device with an adjustable field of view and method REFERENCE SIGNS: 1 spectacle device 2 scene camera 3, 3l, 3r eye camera 4 frame 5l, 5r side bar 6 pre-processing unit 7 nose support 8, 8l, 8r eyeglass lens 9 LED 10, 10l, 10r eye 11 mirror 12 microphone 13 aux-/sync-port 14 cable 15 electronics 16 pre-processing unit 17 pre-processing unit 18 MPEG encoder 19 USB hub 20 IR LED constant current source 21, 22 IR LED chain 23, 24 PCB 25 USB 2.0 cable 26 pre-processing unit 27 PC 28 recorder 29 object 30 mobile phone 31 test person 32 point of regard w1, w2 width h height l length a tilt angle K optical axis M optical path O origin of system of reference P calibration plane Sp space d distance S1, S2 symbols B background FOV1, FOV2 field of view x, y, z axis
US14/005,314 2011-03-18 2012-03-15 Specacle Device With An Adjustable Field Of View And Method Abandoned US20140085452A1 (en)

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EP11158891 2011-03-18
EP11158891.9 2011-03-18
EP11173752.4 2011-07-13
EP11173752.4A EP2499961B1 (fr) 2011-03-18 2011-07-13 Dispositif de lunette doté d'un champ de vision réglable et procédé
PCT/EP2012/054610 WO2012126811A1 (fr) 2011-03-18 2012-03-15 Dispositif de lunettes avec un champ de visée ajustable et procédé

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US14/005,286 Abandoned US20140078283A1 (en) 2011-03-18 2012-03-15 Method for determining at least one parameter of two eyes by setting data rates and optical measuring device
US14/005,295 Active US9107622B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2012-03-15 Optical measuring device and system
US14/005,314 Abandoned US20140085452A1 (en) 2011-03-18 2012-03-15 Specacle Device With An Adjustable Field Of View And Method
US15/332,621 Abandoned US20170035293A1 (en) 2011-03-18 2016-10-24 Spectacle device with an adjustable field of view and method
US17/470,789 Pending US20220061660A1 (en) 2011-03-18 2021-09-09 Method for Determining at Least One Parameter of Two Eyes by Setting Data Rates and Optical Measuring Device

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