WO2006011870A1 - Systeme optique permettant de surveiller le mouvement de l'oeil - Google Patents

Systeme optique permettant de surveiller le mouvement de l'oeil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006011870A1
WO2006011870A1 PCT/US2004/020671 US2004020671W WO2006011870A1 WO 2006011870 A1 WO2006011870 A1 WO 2006011870A1 US 2004020671 W US2004020671 W US 2004020671W WO 2006011870 A1 WO2006011870 A1 WO 2006011870A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
eye
frame
user
sensor
reflective surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/020671
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James L. Fergason
John D. Fergason
Original Assignee
Fergason James L
Fergason John D
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fergason James L, Fergason John D filed Critical Fergason James L
Priority to PCT/US2004/020671 priority Critical patent/WO2006011870A1/fr
Publication of WO2006011870A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006011870A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0093—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for monitoring data relating to the user, e.g. head-tracking, eye-tracking
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/113—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining or recording eye movement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/163—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state by tracking eye movement, gaze, or pupil change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/06—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons indicating a condition of sleep, e.g. anti-dozing alarms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1103—Detecting eye twinkling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/18—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state for vehicle drivers or machine operators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to systems for monitoring movement of a human eye, and more particularly, to systems for monitoring fatigue of a person based upon movement of their eyelid or for controlling electronic equipment using movement of the eyelid or by tracking the user's eye.
  • in-vehicle systems that are intended to measure sleepiness or some behavior associated with sleepiness in commercial and noncommercial driving. Examples include brain wave monitors, eye-closure monitors, devices that detect steering variance, and tracking devices that detect lane drift.
  • infrared cameras or other devices have been used to monitor a driver's awareness. These devices are typically mounted on the dashboard or roof of the driver's vehicle. Such devices, however, require that the driver maintain constant eye contact with the camera. In addition, they do not monitor eyelid movement if the user looks sideways or turns around.
  • These cameras may also have difficulty seeing through eyeglasses or sunglasses and may not operate effectively in sunlight.
  • One system that is independent from the vehicle is an eye movement monitoring system which is contained within a frame worn on a user's head.
  • An example of this type of system is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US2001/0028309 Al, by William C. Torch.
  • the system includes an array of emitters for directing light towards a person's eye and an array of sensors for detecting light from the array of emitters.
  • the sensors detect light that is reflected off of the eye or eyelid, thus producing output signals indicating when the eye is covered by the eyelid.
  • the emitters project a reference frame towards the eye, and a camera on the frame monitors movement of the eye relative to the reference frame.
  • Such systems are typically large, complex, and costly to manufacture. Furthermore, these systems may obstruct at least a portion of the user's view.
  • Eye monitoring systems are also used to track a user's eye to control electrical devices such as a computer input device (e.g., pointer or mouse) and for assistive technology for disability products.
  • a computer input device e.g., pointer or mouse
  • Eye tracking There are many different techniques which can be used for eye tracking.
  • One conventional system is a remote mounted tracking device.
  • a major drawback to this type of system is that it is not very effective when the user is actively moving their head or body independent of gazing at a point.
  • Conventional head mounted eye tracking devices often require complex optics and processing equipment and are typically expensive to manufacture, heavy, making them difficult to wear for extended periods of time, and often obstruct at least a portion of a user's view.
  • the system generally comprises a frame configured to be worn on a user, a light source, and at least one eyepiece connected to the frame.
  • the eyepiece has a reflective surface configured for reflecting light emitted from the light source onto the eye.
  • a sensor is connected to the frame and is operable to detect light reflected by the eye in a direction that is substantially parallel to the light incident on a retina of the eye to detect that the eye is in an open position.
  • a system for monitoring eye movement generally comprises a frame configured to be worn on a user, a light source, and at least one eyepiece connected to the frame.
  • the eyepiece has a hot mirror surface on a side facing the user's eye when the frame is positioned on the user.
  • the hot mirror surface of the eyepiece is configured for reflecting light emitted from the light source onto the eye.
  • the system further includes a sensor operable to detect light reflected by the hot mirror surface to detect whether the eye is in an open or closed position.
  • a system for tracking eye movement generally comprises a frame configured to be worn on a user, a light source, and at least one eyepiece connected to the frame.
  • the eyepiece has a reflective surface forming a hot mirror on a side facing the user's eye when the frame is positioned on the user and the reflective surface of the eyepiece is configured for reflecting light emitted from the light source onto the eye.
  • the system further includes a camera connected to the frame for monitoring movement of the eye to sense a direction of gaze of the user's eye.
  • a method for detecting eye closure through optical observation of the eye generally comprises positioning an optical system on a user, the system comprising a frame having a reflective surface, a light source, and a sensor. Light is emitted onto the reflective surface and reflected towards an eye of the user. The eye operates as a retro- reflector and light reflected from the eye is detected at the sensor to determine whether the eye is in an open or close position.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic illustrating one embodiment of a system of the present invention shown mounted relative to a user's eye.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective of an optical device of the present invention mounted on an eyeglass frame.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective of the optical device and eyeglass frame of Fig. 2 mounted on a user's head.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective of the optical device mounted on a helmet worn on a user.
  • Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating electronic components of an optical system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating operation of the optical system.
  • the following description is presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. Descriptions of specific embodiments and applications are provided only as examples and various modifications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features described herein. For purpose of clarity, details relating to technical material that is known in the technical fields related to the invention have not been described in detail.
  • the present invention is directed to a system for monitoring eye movement, and more specifically, the opening and closing of the eye or tracking of the eye to determine the direction of a user's gaze.
  • Monitoring of the opening and closing of the eye may be used to detect drowsiness or sleepiness based on, for example, the number of blinks, time between blinks, or duration of eyelid closure.
  • the system uses light to measure the frequency and speed of a human eye blink. Humans typically blink about 5-30 times per minute, with each blink lasting about 200-300 milliseconds. As a person gets tired or sleepy, eye blinks get longer and slower until the eyes begin to close for short periods.
  • the system disclosed herein may be used, for example, by drivers, pilots, operators of heavy machinery, or other individuals to warn them when they are getting tired.
  • the system may also be used in a laboratory environment to study individuals with sleep disorders or for medical research.
  • Monitoring of the eye opening and closing eye may also be used to control electronic equipment, as described below. Tracking the gaze of the user's eye may be used alone or in combination with the monitoring of eyelid position to provide additional control of computers or other electronically controlled equipment.
  • a system of the present invention is schematically shown with an exemplary eye 20 (including retina, sclera, iris, lens, and cornea) of a user positioned relative to the system.
  • the system includes an optical device 10 which is attached (either removably or fixedly) to a conventional pair of eyeglasses (Figs. 2 and 3).
  • the eyeglasses include a frame 14 and a pair of eyepieces (lenses) 16, at least one of which forms part of an optical path, as described below.
  • the optical device 10 is preferably attached to a side member of the frame 14 and configured to be substantially unobtrusive to the user's view. As shown in Fig.
  • the frame may comprise other user mounted equipment, such as a helmet 15.
  • the helmet 15 includes a visor 17 which forms the eyepiece having the reflective surface 18 formed thereon. Only a portion of the visor 17 may be formed with a reflective surface, as required to reflect light transmitted from a light source onto the eye 20 and transmit light reflected from the eye to a sensor (described below). The remaining portion of the visor 17 may be transparent or tinted to reduce light intensity.
  • the systems shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4 include an optical device 10 positioned to monitor only one of the user's eyes 20. It is to be understood, however, that the system may also be configured with two optical devices 10, one for each eye 20.
  • the system is relatively small and lightweight as compared to conventional eye movement detection systems. Since the system is preferably contained within the frame 14 or helmet 15, the data obtained from the optical device 10 is not dependent upon movement of the user or the direction the user is looking.
  • the system includes optical device 10 and a reflective surface 18, which is formed by a surface of the eyepiece 16 positioned opposite the eye 20 (Fig. 1).
  • the optical device 10 includes a light source 22, beamsplitter 24, sensor 26, and focusing optics (lens) 28.
  • the light source 22 is a Light Emitting Diode (LED) which emits an infrared beam.
  • the emitted light is preferably within the infrared range (or near infrared range) to minimize interference with the user's vision since the infrared light is not visible to the user.
  • the beamsplitter 24 is positioned to transmit at least some of the incident light emitted from the light source 22 to the reflective surface 18.
  • One or more lenses 28 may be positioned to direct light received from the beamsplitter 24 onto reflective surface 18, as indicated by light ray 40a.
  • the reflective surface 18 of the eyepiece 16 receives light emitted from the light source 22 and reflects the light towards the eye 20 as light ray 40b.
  • the reflective surface 18 may be formed by a dielectric or other type of coating.
  • the reflective surface 18 is a hot mirror.
  • the hot mirror selectively separates infrared light from visible light.
  • the infrared light is reflected by the hot mirror and light in the visible spectrum is transmitted through the surface 18.
  • the eyepiece 16 may have various curvatures and is preferably shaped to provide optimum performance based on the approximate distance between the eyepiece and the eye 20 and optical device 10, as is well known by those skilled in the art.
  • the light reflected by the eyepiece 16 onto the eye 20 is then reflected by the eye which acts as a retro-reflector.
  • the eye which acts as a retro-reflector.
  • the light rays travel after reflection by the retina 32 in a direction that is parallel to that of the source of the incident light. The light thus travels the same or substantially the same path, but in the opposite direction to, respective incident light rays impinging on the retina.
  • Sensor 26 is provided to detect light reflected from the eye 20.
  • the light is reflected from the eyepiece 16 back to sensor 26, which is mounted on the frame 14. Due to differences in the reflective characteristics of the surface of the eye and the eyelid, the intensity of the light reflected off of the eye depends on whether the eye is open or closed.
  • the eyelid does not reflect substantial light back to the sensor 26 since it does not operate as a retro-reflector, as does the eye when the eyelid is open.
  • Light intensity signals corresponding to eyelid movement received from the sensor 26 are sent to a processor, which converts the received data into a suitable signal.
  • the light intensity signals may be compared with a predetermined light intensity level to determine whether the eyelid is in an open or closed position.
  • the sensor 26 may be, for example, a photodiode, photocell, photodetector, camera (described below), or other suitable device. One or a plurality of sensors 26 may be used. It is to be understood that the system shown in Fig. 1 is only one example and that other optical components, such as lenses, filters, reflectors, wave plates, apertures, etc., may be used or the arrangement of components may be changed, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • Electronic circuitry and components of the system include a processor 30, power supply 32, controller 34, transmitter 36, timer 37, alarm 38, and other appropriate electronics required to transmit a signal detected based on eyelid position and provide proper operation of the optical system (Fig. 5).
  • the controller 34 may be configured to control the intensity of light emitted by the light source 22, adjust the threshold sensitivity of the sensor 26, turn the light source on and off, or control the alarm 38.
  • the controller 34 preferably controls the light source 22 to produce a signal pulsed at a predetermined frequency (e.g., 4-20 pulses per second).
  • the sensor 26 may be synchronized to detect light pulses only at the predetermined frequency.
  • the timer 37 provides a reference time for comparing the length of time between eyelid movement to a predetermined threshold.
  • the timer function may also be provided by a clock of the processor 30.
  • the power supply 32 provides power to the light source 22, sensor 26, processor 30, alarm 38, transmitter 36, and other components requiring a power source.
  • the power supply 32 may be a conventional battery or any other suitable power source.
  • Memory (not shown) may also be provided to store the data or signals for further analysis.
  • the system may also include one or more digital filters as required to reduce noise.
  • the processor 30 is coupled to the sensor 26 for converting light intensity signals
  • the processor 30 is configured to receive and process an output signal, such as a light intensity signal, from the sensor 26.
  • the processor 30 may also include circuitry for the transmission of data and conversion of the data into various formats. Data may be sent from the transmitter 36 via a wire attached to the device and leading from the frame 14, 15 to a remote device (e.g., unit worn by user or unit mounted adjacent to or remote from the user) or wireless transmission may be used to send signals generated by the sensor 26 or processor 30 to a remote device using suitable frequencies.
  • the transmitter 36 may be coupled to an amplifier if needed to send the signal to a remote device.
  • the transmitter 36 may not be required if the alarm 38 is contained within the optical device 10 and coupled to the processor 30 or sensor 26, and if there is no need to send the data to a remote device for monitoring or analysis.
  • the alarm 38 may be activated when the sensor 26 detects eyelid closure for a minimum specified duration, when the frequency of eye blinks increases above a specified threshold, or the time between blinks reaches a predetermined limit.
  • the alarm 38 may be initiated, for example, when a user begins blinking slower than normal for a specified period of time.
  • the alarm 38 may provide an audible alarm, visual warning light, vibrating device, or any other suitable device which stimulates one or more senses of the user.
  • the alarm 38 may be mounted directly on the optical device 10 or frame 14,
  • Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of operation of the optical system described above.
  • the light is first emitted from the light source 22 at step 50.
  • the light is transmitted from the light source to the reflective surface 18 of the eyepiece 16 (step 50).
  • step 52 and reflected from the eyepiece 16 to the eye 20 (step 54).
  • the light is then reflected by the eye which acts as a retro-reflector (step 56).
  • the reflective surface 18 reflects the light towards the sensor 26 at step 58.
  • the sensor 26 transmits a signal based on light intensity to the processor 30 (step 60). If the eye movement detected by the sensor 26 results in a selected characteristic (e.g., number of blinks, time between blinks, duration of eyelid closure) exceeding a predetermined threshold, the alarm 38 is activated (steps 62 and 64). The monitoring may then continue after the alarm is activated. If the eye movement does not result in an alarm condition, monitoring is continued (steps 62 and 66).
  • a selected characteristic e.g., number of blinks, time between blinks, duration of eyelid closure
  • the system may also be configured to track eye movement to determine the direction of gaze of the user, in addition to or in place of tracking the opening and closing of the eyelid.
  • the direction of gaze of the user's eye 20 or position of the eyelid may be used to provide input to a computer (e.g., mouse, pointer, scroll), control on/off functions for various electronic devices, or for assistive technology for disability products (e.g., wheelchair).
  • a pointer may be placed at a specific location on a computer screen by looking at a desired location.
  • a click of a mouse may be provided with an eye blink or by staring (dwell) or instructions may be provided by monitoring the number of blinks.
  • the system may also be used as a communication device. For example, data from the system may be sent to a device which converts the data into an audio output.
  • the system may be configured to track the gaze of one or both eyes 20 or may track eyelid movement of one eye and the gaze of one eye, or any combination thereof.
  • a camera is provided as the sensor 26.
  • the camera may be a charge-coupled device (CCD) that provides an output image of the eye 20, which is processed by an image processor to determine the user's direction of gaze.
  • CCD charge-coupled device
  • the camera is electrically coupled to a computer for digitization and processing of the digitized image data.
  • the position of the reflected image of the light source 22 is monitored relative to the center of the user's eye, as is well known by those skilled in the art.
  • the image processing is used to interpret the position of the eyeball as observed by the camera.
  • the position of the eyeball is identified by tracking the position of the pupil.
  • One of the eye's visible features may also be used, such as the boundary between the sclera and iris or the outline of the pupil against the iris.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système permettant de détecter la fermeture de l'oeil grâce à une observation optique de l'oeil et comprenant un cadre conçu pour être placé sur un utilisateur, une source lumineuse (22) et au moins un oculaire connecté au cadre. L'oculaire comprend une surface réfléchissante (18) sur le côté opposé à l'oeil de l'utilisateur quand le cadre est positionné sur celui-ci et la surface réfléchissante de l'oculaire est conçue pour réfléchir un rayonnement émis à partir de la source lumineuse sur l'oeil. Un capteur (26) est connecté au cadre et permet de détecter un rayonnement réfléchi par l'oeil dans une direction sensiblement parallèle au rayonnement incident sur la rétine de l'oeil, aux fins de détection de la position ouverte de l'oeil.
PCT/US2004/020671 2004-06-25 2004-06-25 Systeme optique permettant de surveiller le mouvement de l'oeil WO2006011870A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2004/020671 WO2006011870A1 (fr) 2004-06-25 2004-06-25 Systeme optique permettant de surveiller le mouvement de l'oeil

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2004/020671 WO2006011870A1 (fr) 2004-06-25 2004-06-25 Systeme optique permettant de surveiller le mouvement de l'oeil

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WO2006011870A1 true WO2006011870A1 (fr) 2006-02-02

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2499964A1 (fr) * 2011-03-18 2012-09-19 SensoMotoric Instruments GmbH Dispositif et système de mesure optique
WO2015025306A1 (fr) * 2013-08-20 2015-02-26 Assi Raid Lunettes pour conducteur
CN108944667A (zh) * 2017-05-19 2018-12-07 矢崎总业株式会社 监视系统
EP3353591A4 (fr) * 2015-09-23 2019-06-12 Magic Leap, Inc. Imagerie de l' il à l'aide d'un imageur hors-axe
US10514553B2 (en) 2015-06-30 2019-12-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Polarizing beam splitting system
TWI694933B (zh) * 2018-04-12 2020-06-01 元智大學 安全駕駛之監控裝置及方法
CN112319484A (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-05 山东建筑大学 一种用于长途驾驶的检测和提示系统
US11298656B2 (en) 2016-06-08 2022-04-12 Basf Corporation Copper-promoted GMElinite and use thereof in the selective catalytic reduction of NOX

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US4145122A (en) * 1977-05-31 1979-03-20 Colorado Seminary Method and apparatus for monitoring the position of the eye
US4702575A (en) * 1981-05-11 1987-10-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Helmet mounted eye tracker using a position sensing detector
DE29504973U1 (de) * 1995-03-28 1996-08-01 Winterhalder Alexander Einschlafwächter
JPH11206713A (ja) * 1998-01-26 1999-08-03 Canon Inc 視線検出用機器およびこれを用いた視線検出装置
US20010028309A1 (en) * 1996-08-19 2001-10-11 Torch William C. System and method for monitoring eye movement
GB2385451A (en) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-20 Loadpoint Ltd Monitoring drowsiness

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US4145122A (en) * 1977-05-31 1979-03-20 Colorado Seminary Method and apparatus for monitoring the position of the eye
US4702575A (en) * 1981-05-11 1987-10-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Helmet mounted eye tracker using a position sensing detector
DE29504973U1 (de) * 1995-03-28 1996-08-01 Winterhalder Alexander Einschlafwächter
US20010028309A1 (en) * 1996-08-19 2001-10-11 Torch William C. System and method for monitoring eye movement
JPH11206713A (ja) * 1998-01-26 1999-08-03 Canon Inc 視線検出用機器およびこれを用いた視線検出装置
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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012126809A1 (fr) * 2011-03-18 2012-09-27 Sensomotoric Instruments Gmbh Dispositif et système de mesure optique
CN103429143A (zh) * 2011-03-18 2013-12-04 Smi创新传感技术有限公司 光学测量装置和系统
US9107622B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2015-08-18 Sensomotoric Instruments Gesellschaft Fur Innovative Sensorik Mbh Optical measuring device and system
EP2499964A1 (fr) * 2011-03-18 2012-09-19 SensoMotoric Instruments GmbH Dispositif et système de mesure optique
WO2015025306A1 (fr) * 2013-08-20 2015-02-26 Assi Raid Lunettes pour conducteur
US11061233B2 (en) 2015-06-30 2021-07-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Polarizing beam splitter and illuminator including same
US11693243B2 (en) 2015-06-30 2023-07-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Polarizing beam splitting system
US10514553B2 (en) 2015-06-30 2019-12-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Polarizing beam splitting system
EP3353591A4 (fr) * 2015-09-23 2019-06-12 Magic Leap, Inc. Imagerie de l' il à l'aide d'un imageur hors-axe
US11022801B2 (en) 2015-09-23 2021-06-01 Magic Leap, Inc. Eye imaging with an off-axis imager
US11747624B2 (en) 2015-09-23 2023-09-05 Magic Leap, Inc. Eye imaging with an off-axis imager
US11298656B2 (en) 2016-06-08 2022-04-12 Basf Corporation Copper-promoted GMElinite and use thereof in the selective catalytic reduction of NOX
CN108944667A (zh) * 2017-05-19 2018-12-07 矢崎总业株式会社 监视系统
TWI694933B (zh) * 2018-04-12 2020-06-01 元智大學 安全駕駛之監控裝置及方法
CN112319484A (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-05 山东建筑大学 一种用于长途驾驶的检测和提示系统

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