TWI711696B - 冷凍機油組成物及冷凍機用作動流體 - Google Patents
冷凍機油組成物及冷凍機用作動流體 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI711696B TWI711696B TW107115597A TW107115597A TWI711696B TW I711696 B TWI711696 B TW I711696B TW 107115597 A TW107115597 A TW 107115597A TW 107115597 A TW107115597 A TW 107115597A TW I711696 B TWI711696 B TW I711696B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- refrigerants
- refrigerating machine
- refrigerator
- naphthenic mineral
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol, aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
- C10M129/74—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
- C10M129/76—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/24—Polyethers
- C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
- C10M145/38—Polyoxyalkylenes esterified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/106—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/04—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/045—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
- C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/042—Epoxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
- C10M2207/2895—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
- C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
- C10M2209/1045—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/011—Cloud point
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/017—Specific gravity or density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/106—Containing Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/70—Soluble oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
本發明係一種冷凍機油組成物及冷凍機用作動流體,該冷凍機油組成物含有環烷系礦物油與多元醇酯油及聚乙烯醚油中之至少一者之混合油、以及山梨醇酐化合物及甘油脂肪酸酯中之至少一者,該冷凍機用作動流體包含上述冷凍機油組成物、及選自氫氟碳冷媒、氫氟烯烴冷媒及二氧化碳冷媒中之1種以上之冷媒。
Description
本發明係關於一種含有包含環烷系礦物油之基底油及冷媒之冷凍機用作動流體。
作為冷凍機用作動流體,已知有含有包含礦物油之冷凍機油、及先前之包含氯之氫氯氟碳(HCFC)冷媒者。於礦物油中,就低溫流動性優異等特性而言,一直較佳地使用環烷系礦物油。然而,就保護臭氧層之觀點而言,開始使用不含氯之氫氟碳(HFC)冷媒,作為易溶於該不含氯之氫氟碳冷媒之冷凍機油,廣泛地使用多元醇酯油等酯系冷凍機油。
於對該氫氟碳冷媒使用礦物油之情形時,與多元醇酯油等相比,具有冷媒之封入量減少、及冷凍機油之成本大幅減少等效果,但礦物油向氫氟碳冷媒之溶解性明顯地下降,故而存在如下問題:因冷凍機油殘留於冷凍循環之熱交換器或配管內而導致壓縮機內之冷凍機油不足,引起潤滑不良。
因此,本案申請人於專利文獻1中揭示藉由混合環烷系礦物油與多元醇酯油而使用,可改善潤滑性或冷媒之溶解性。
又,亦於冷凍機油之基底油中使用聚乙烯醚油,且亦將聚乙烯醚油與礦物油之混合油用作基底油(例如,參照專利文獻2)。又,於該專利文獻2中,記載有聚乙烯醚油與R410A等冷媒之相 容性優異。
專利文獻1:日本專利第5089151號公報
專利文獻2:日本專利特開2014-47267號公報
然而,本發明者等人進一步進行研究,結果發現:藉由並用環烷系礦物油與多元醇酯油或聚乙烯醚油,雖與冷媒之相容性提高,潤滑性能及向壓縮機之返油性能等提高,但根據冷凍裝置不同,存在熱交換效率經時性地下降之情形。又,發現環烷系礦物油之比例越多,則越可減少冷凍機油組成物整體之製造成本,但環烷系礦物油之比例越多,則熱交換效率越下降。
因此,本發明之目的在於:於向環烷系礦物油、與多元醇酯油或聚乙烯醚油之混合油中調配不含氯之氫氟碳冷媒等而成之冷凍機用作動流體中,抑制混合油向熱交換器或配管之附著,不論冷凍裝置之種類均可長期良好地維持其性能。
本發明者等人進行研究,結果認知到:上述熱交換效率下降之原因在於,難溶於冷媒之環烷系礦物油附著至熱交換器之內表面而殘留,附著量或殘留量經時性地增加而阻礙熱交換,為了抑制該情形,較為有效的是混合使用多元醇酯油或聚乙烯醚油,並且進而添加山梨醇酐化合物或甘油脂肪酸酯。即,本發明提供下述 冷凍機油組成物及冷凍機用作動流體。
(1)一種冷凍機油組成物,其特徵在於含有環烷系礦物油、與多元醇酯油及聚乙烯醚油中之至少一者之混合油、以及山梨醇酐化合物及甘油脂肪酸酯中之至少一者。
(2)如上述(1)之冷凍機油組成物,其含有環烷系礦物油與多元醇酯油之混合油、及山梨醇酐化合物。
(3)如上述(1)之冷凍機油組成物,其含有環烷系礦物油與聚乙烯醚油之混合油、以及山梨醇酐化合物及甘油脂肪酸酯中之至少一者。
(4)如上述(1)至(3)中任一項之冷凍機油組成物,其中於上述混合油中,環烷系礦物油、與多元醇酯油及聚乙烯醚油中之至少一者,以質量比計為環烷系礦物油:多元醇酯油及聚乙烯醚油中之至少一者=60~90:40~10。
(5)如上述(1)至(4)中任一項之冷凍機油組成物,其中上述山梨醇酐化合物及上述甘油脂肪酸酯中之至少一者之含量,為該冷凍機油組成物總量之0.5~5質量%。
(6)如上述(1)至(5)中任一項之冷凍機油組成物,其中上述環烷系礦物油之40℃下之動黏度為5~460mm2/s,上述多元醇酯油及上述聚乙烯醚油中之至少一者之40℃下之動黏度為5~350mm2/s。
(7)如上述(1)至(6)中任一項之冷凍機油組成物,其中上述山梨醇酐化合物為聚氧乙烯與山梨醇酐與脂肪酸之化合物。
(8)如上述(1)至(7)中任一項之冷凍機油組成物,其含有用以抑制上述混合油自壓縮機吐出之油吐出抑制劑。
(9)一種冷凍機用作動流體,其特徵在於包含如上述(1)至(8)中 任一項之冷凍機油組成物、及選自氫氟碳冷媒、氫氟烯烴冷媒及二氧化碳冷媒中之1種以上之冷媒。
本發明之冷凍機用作動流體藉由於環烷系礦物油、與多元醇酯油或聚乙烯醚油之混合油中,添加山梨醇酐化合物或甘油脂肪酸酯,可抑制環烷系礦物油向熱交換器之內表面之附著,不論冷凍裝置之種類均可長期良好地維持其性能。
1‧‧‧壓縮機
2‧‧‧凝縮器
3‧‧‧膨脹閥
4‧‧‧蒸發器
10‧‧‧凝縮槽
20‧‧‧蒸發槽
30‧‧‧容器
31‧‧‧試料油
32‧‧‧油加熱器
33‧‧‧攪拌子
40‧‧‧儲氣罐
41‧‧‧噴霧嘴
42‧‧‧流量計
50‧‧‧排氣管
51‧‧‧薄霧
圖1係表示附著試驗之基準之照片。
圖2係表示實施例中所使用之冷凍循環裝置之概略圖。
圖3係表示實施例中所使用之油吐出試驗裝置之概略圖。
以下,詳細地對本發明之實施形態進行說明。
本發明之冷凍機油組成物將環烷系礦物油、與多元醇酯油及聚乙烯醚油中之至少一者(以下,亦存在稱為「第2潤滑油」之情形)的混合油用作基底油。環烷系礦物油雖電氣絕緣性及吸濕性等優異,但與冷媒之相容性存在問題,因此混合與各種冷媒之相容性優異之第2潤滑油。
環烷系礦物油與第2潤滑油之混合比係環烷系礦物油之比例越多,則越可減少冷媒封入量及冷凍機油組成物整體之製造成本。然而,環烷系礦物油之比例越多,則與冷媒之相容性下降而 熱交換效率下降。若考慮該等情形,則較佳為將環烷系礦物油與第2潤滑油以質量比計設為環烷系礦物油:第2潤滑油=60~90:40~10,更佳為設為70~80:30~20。
又,已知與其他礦物油相比,環烷系礦物油之電氣絕緣性、低吸濕性、耐水解性、潤滑性、對處理油劑等雜質之溶解性、及低溫流動性等亦優異,為了進一步良好地表現該等各個特性,較佳為15℃下之密度為0.89g/cm3以上,更佳為0.90g/cm3以上。於該密度未滿0.89g/cm3時,潤滑性及返油特性變差。又,就相同之原因而言,於使用於空調機器之情形時,40℃下之動黏度較佳為15~100mm2/s,於使用於廢熱回收裝置等之高溫熱泵之情形時,較佳為100~460mm2/s。對於使用其他作動流體之冷凍裝置而言,亦可根據該作動流體之種類而於該範圍內適當地選擇。
進而,為了提高對雜質之溶解性,環烷系礦物油較佳為苯胺點為85℃以下,更佳為80℃以下。
再者,環烷系礦物油係對礦物油進行環分析時,將石蠟系碳數設為%CP、將環烷系碳數設為%CN、將芳香族系碳數設為%CA時,總碳數中所占之環烷碳數(%CN)為30~45之礦物油,於本發明中,只要為該%CN之範圍之礦物油,則無限制。又,較佳為使用適當地組合溶劑脫瀝、溶劑提取、氫化分解、溶劑脫蠟、接觸脫蠟、加氫精製、硫酸清洗、白土處理等精製處理進行精製而成者。
另一方面,於作為第2潤滑油之多元醇酯油中,較佳為二醇或者具有3~20個羥基之多元醇與碳數為6~18之一元或二元脂肪酸之酯。
作為二醇,較佳為碳數為2~12者。具體而言,可列舉 乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,2-丁二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2-乙基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,7-庚二醇、2-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-丙二醇、2,2-二乙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,9-壬二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,11-十一烷二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇等。作為多元醇,較佳為碳數為3~60者。具體而言,可列舉三羥甲基乙烷、三羥甲基丙烷、三羥甲基丁烷、二-(三羥甲基丙烷)、三-(三羥甲基丙烷)、新戊四醇、二-(新戊四醇)、三-(新戊四醇)、甘油、聚甘油(甘油之2~20聚體)、1,3,5-戊三醇、山梨醇、山梨醇酐、山梨醇甘油縮合物、核糖醇、阿拉伯糖醇、木糖醇、甘露醇等多元醇、木糖、阿拉伯糖、核糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、山梨糖、纖維雙糖、麥芽糖、異麥芽糖、海藻糖、蔗糖、棉子糖、龍膽三糖、松三糖等糖類、以及該等之部分醚化物、及甲基葡萄糖苷(糖苷)等。具體而言,作為脂肪酸,可列舉己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十一烷酸、十二烷酸、十三烷酸、十四烷酸、十五烷酸、十六烷酸、十七烷酸、十八烷酸、油酸等直鏈或支鏈者、或者α碳原子為4級之所謂之新酸等。又,多元醇酯油亦可具有游離之羥基。
特佳之多元醇酯油為新戊二醇、三羥甲基乙烷、三羥甲基丙烷、三羥甲基丁烷、二-(三羥甲基丙烷)、三-(三羥甲基丙烷)、新戊四醇、二-(新戊四醇)、三-(新戊四醇)等受阻醇之酯。具體而言,可列舉三羥甲基丙烷辛酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷壬酸酯、新戊四醇-2-乙基己酸酯、新戊四醇壬酸酯等。就動黏度、耐水解性之觀點而言,更佳為碳數為3~10個之多元醇與碳數為4~10個之脂肪酸之酯。
又,為了確保良好之潤滑性,於使用於空調機器之情 形時,多元醇酯油較佳為40℃下之動黏度為5~68mm2/s,更佳為7~46mm2/s。於使用於廢熱回收裝置等之高溫熱泵之情形時,較佳為40℃下之動黏度為68~350mm2/s。進而,流動點較佳為-25℃以下,更佳為-35℃以下。
相同地,作為第2潤滑油之聚乙烯醚油例如可列舉具有以通式(1)表示之結構單位者。
於式中,R1、R2及R3可相同,亦可不同,分別表示氫原子或碳數為1~8之烴基,R4表示碳數為1~10之二價烴基或碳數為2~20之二價醚鍵含氧烴基,R5表示碳數為1~20之烴基,m表示上述聚乙烯醚之m之平均值成為0~10之數,R1~R5於各結構單位中可相同,亦可不同,於在1個結構單位中m為2以上之情形時,該結構單位中之複數個R4O可相同,亦可不同。
又,聚乙烯醚油可為其結構單位相同之均聚物,亦可為由2種以上之結構單位構成之共聚合體,但藉由製成共聚合體而可平衡良好地調整特性,因此較佳。
聚乙烯醚油之動黏度及流動點較佳為與多元醇酯油同樣。
作為第2潤滑油之多元醇酯油、聚乙烯醚油均可分別單獨地使用,亦可混合兩者而使用。
為了進一步提高環烷系礦物油與冷媒之相容性,並且抑制環烷系礦物油向配管內壁之附著,於上述環烷系礦物油與第2潤滑油之混合油中添加山梨醇酐化合物及甘油脂肪酸酯中之至少一者。即,山梨醇酐化合物及甘油脂肪酸酯係作為環烷系礦物油之附著防止劑而發揮功能。添加量只要為可表現出改善與冷媒之相容性,且抑制環烷系礦物油之附著之效果的有效量,則無限制,但較佳為冷凍機油組成物之總量之0.5~5質量%。再者,於並用兩者之情形時,以合計量為上述含量。於添加量未滿0.5質量%時,根據冷凍裝置不同而有效果不充分之虞,若超過5質量%,則效果飽和,不僅不經濟,而且混合油量相對性地減少,故而有無法充分地獲得潤滑性能等之虞。
山梨醇酐化合物係於分子結構中具有來自山梨醇酐之官能基者,作為於提高與冷媒之相容性方面特別有效之化合物,可列舉聚氧乙烯與山梨醇酐與脂肪酸之化合物。具體而言,可列舉聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐酸酯或聚氧乙烯山梨醇脂肪酸酯等。
作為甘油脂肪酸酯,可列舉甘油單油酸酯、甘油單亞麻油酸酯等,亦可為該等之混合物。
再者,基底油與添加劑之組合較佳為(1)環烷系礦物油與多元醇酯油之混合油、與山梨醇酐化合物之組合、(2)環烷系礦物油與聚乙烯醚油之混合油、與山梨醇酐化合物及甘油脂肪酸酯中之至少一者之組合,可進一步提高環烷系礦物油與冷媒之相容性,進一步抑制向配管內壁之附著。
於本發明之冷凍機油組成物中,除山梨醇酐化合物或甘油脂肪酸酯以外,亦可添加通常使用之添加劑。例如,可單獨添 加作為酸性物質或自由基等活性物質之捕捉劑之苯基縮水甘油醚、丁基苯基縮水甘油醚或環氧化植物油等環氧化合物、酚系或胺系之抗氧化劑、高級醇類、高級脂肪酸類之油性提高劑、苯并三唑等金屬鈍化劑、各種正磷酸酯、酸性磷酸酯、亞磷酸酯、膦類、硫酸酯類、硫化物類或噻吩類等之防磨耗劑或者極壓添加劑等,或將該等組合數類種而添加。該等其他添加劑之添加量並無特別限制,只要為通常之範圍即可。
又,作為其他添加劑,較佳為添加油吐出抑制劑。於冷凍循環中,冷凍機用作動流體反覆循環凝縮、蒸發,但就提高冷凍循環之穩定性之方面而言,較理想的是使冷凍機油保持原狀態而自壓縮機僅吐出冷媒。因此,為了抑制吐出上述混合油,添加作為油吐出抑制劑之聚異丁烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯醯胺、聚丁烯、聚苯乙烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物等,較佳為聚異丁烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯。作為該等油吐出抑制劑之平均分子量,例如聚異丁烯為5,000~3,000,000左右,聚甲基丙烯酸酯為20,000~1,500,000左右。作為添加量,較佳為冷凍機油組成物之總量之0.01~0.5質量%。於添加量未滿0.01質量%時,抑制混合油之吐出之效果變得不充分,若超過0.5質量%,則有對冷凍機油組成物之穩定性等造成不良影響之虞。
又,本發明係關於一種包含上述冷凍機油組成物及冷媒之冷凍機用作動流體。
作為冷媒,除二氧化碳冷媒以外,較佳為二氟甲烷 (HFC-32)、三氟甲烷(HFC-23)、五氟乙烷(HFC-125)、1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134)、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)、1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)、或者該等之混合冷媒等氫氟碳冷媒(HFC冷媒)、三氟乙烯(HFO-1123)、反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234ze(E))、2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)、3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HFO-1243zf)、順式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯(HFO-1336mzz(Z))、或者該等之混合冷媒等氫氟烯烴冷媒(HFO冷媒)。HFO冷媒之全球暖化係數較低,被認為是成為今後之主流之冷媒。
冷凍機油組成物與冷媒之混合比並無限制,根據用途而適當地設定,但通常為冷凍機油組成物:冷媒=5:95~80:20,於本發明中,亦只要為該範圍即可。
而且,上述冷凍機用作動流體可廣泛地使用於冰箱、冷凍庫、熱水器、各種空調機器或廢熱回收裝置等,但特佳為應用於具備壓縮機、凝縮器或氣體冷卻器、膨脹機構及蒸發器,藉由冷凍循環進行冷卻,藉由熱泵循環進行加熱之熱泵方式之冷凍、加熱裝置。
以下,列舉實施例及比較例而進一步對本發明進行說明。
於本試驗中,對與冷媒之相容性進行評價。準備作為環烷系礦物油示於表1之環烷油-A及環烷油-B、作為多元醇酯油同樣示於表1之多元醇酯(POE,Polyol Ester)-A及POE-B,按照表2所示之組合及 混合比例製備基底油A及基底油B。
又,作為添加劑,準備下述3種添加劑。
‧山梨醇酐化合物A:聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐單油酸酯
‧山梨醇酐化合物B:聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐三油酸酯
‧甘油脂肪酸酯(於表3中記述為「甘油酯」):甘油單油酸酯與甘油單亞麻油酸酯之混合物
繼而,如表3所示,由上述環烷系礦物油、多元醇酯 油及添加劑製備試料油(冷凍機油用組成物),進行下述附著試驗。
首先,準備Pyrex製之耐壓玻璃管(內烴6~10mm×長度230~260mm×厚度2~3mm),利用蒸餾水清洗其內部,利用設定為105℃~120℃之乾燥器乾燥約24小時,之後於乾燥器(desiccator)中放冷。其次,將約0.9g之試料油取入至該玻璃管,對玻璃管內進行1分鐘之真空除氣。於除氣後,利用乾冰對玻璃管進行5分鐘之冷卻,以相對於試驗油為約80質量%之方式封入表3所示之冷媒。於封入冷媒後,利用乾冰對玻璃管進行5分鐘之冷卻,藉由手持式燃燒器進行熔斷密封。繼而,將密封有試料油與冷媒之玻璃管放入至-20℃、+20℃、+40℃之恆溫槽,於分別靜置2小時後,觀察油滴向玻璃管側壁之附著狀態。
將結果一併記載至表3,如圖1所示,將無油滴之附著者設為「◎」,將雖觀察到略微之附著,但少於無添加劑之添加之情形者設為「○」,將與無添加劑之添加之情形等同或更多地附著油滴者設為「×」。
根據表3可知,藉由混合環烷系礦物油與多元醇酯油,並進而添加山梨醇酐化合物或甘油脂肪酸酯而油滴之附著變少,於提高與冷媒之相容性或改善抗附著之方面有效。特別是,與甘油脂肪酸酯相比,山梨醇酐化合物於提高低溫下之與冷媒之相容性或防止附著之方面有效而可謂較佳。
又,將環烷油-A與聚乙烯醚油之混合油用作基底油來進行相同之附著試驗。再者,於表4中表示聚乙烯醚油(PVE)之性狀。
首先,以環烷油-A為80質量%、聚乙烯醚油為20質量%之方式進行混合而製備基底油C。於表5中表示基底油C之性狀。
於該基底油C中添加與上述相同之添加劑(山梨醇酐化合物A、山梨醇酐化合物B或甘油脂肪酸酯)而製成試料油,進行與上述相同之附著試驗。將結果示於表6。
根據表6可知,藉由混合環烷系礦物油與聚乙烯醚油,並進而添加山梨醇酐化合物或甘油脂肪酸酯而與冷媒之相容性提高,油滴之附著變得更少。特別是,與甘油脂肪酸酯相比,山梨醇酐化合物於提高低溫下之與冷媒之相容性或防止附著之方面有效而可謂較佳。
於本試驗中,如表7所示,將使用試驗1中所使用之基底油A作為基底油,且添加有1.0質量%之山梨醇酐化合物A者作為試驗用作動流體2,與未添加該山梨醇酐化合物A之試驗用作動流體1比較熱效率。再者,試驗用作動流體1、2之基底油量均為500mL,冷媒使用R410A。
於試驗中,使用圖2所示之冷凍循環裝置。圖中所示之裝置係如下者:如圖所示般對壓縮機1、凝縮器2、膨脹閥3、蒸發器4進行配管,並且將凝縮器2放入至凝縮槽10,將蒸發器4放入至蒸發槽20。於進行試驗時,凝縮槽10之液溫逐漸上升,蒸發槽20之液溫逐漸下降,對凝縮槽10供給自來水,對蒸發槽20供給來自凝縮槽10之溫水而分別調整成設定溫度。設定溫度係將凝縮槽10設為55.0℃,若變為55.5℃,則供給自來水。又,將蒸發槽20設為15.0 ℃,若變為14.5℃,則供給溫水。又,裝置各部之壓力、溫度如表7所示。再者,電流值係採用反向器之顯示值。
繼而,將試驗用作動流體1、2填充至裝置進行運轉,分別測定向凝縮槽10供給自來水之間隔、及向蒸發槽20供給溫水之間隔。供給間隔越短,則意味著自設定溫度之變化越快,熱效率越高。試驗次數為3次,將每次試驗及平均之值(秒)示於以下。
可知添加有山梨醇酐化合物之試驗用作動流體2之供給間隔較未添加該山梨醇酐化合物之試驗用作動流體1短20%左右而熱效率優異。
又,停止向蒸發槽20供給溫水而以不進行溫度控制之 狀態運轉11分鐘(660秒),結果試驗用作動流體1與試驗用作動流體2之液溫之差為0.2℃。蒸發槽20之容量為35cm×36cm×72cm=90,720cm3,即便減去配管部分,蒸發槽20亦對大致90kg之水進行熱交換。若對該熱效率進行熱量換算,則「90(kg)×0.2(℃)=18kcal=75.312kJ」,充分地表現出參與熱交換之山梨醇酐化合物之效果。
又,如表9所示,於基底油C中添加山梨醇酐化合物,並加入冷媒R410A而製備試驗用作動流體4,與未添加山梨醇酐化合物之試驗用作動流體3比較熱效率。再者,基底油量均為500mL。
於試驗中,使用圖2所示之冷凍循環裝置,對於凝縮槽10將設定溫度設為55℃,若變為55.5℃,則供給自來水,對於蒸發槽20將設定溫度設為15.0℃,若變為14.5℃,則藉由泵而供給凝縮槽之溫水。繼而,與上述相同地測定自來水與溫水之供給間隔。將結果示於表10。
如表10所示,藉由比較試驗用作動流體3、4,有無添加山梨醇酐化合物於蒸發槽之控制循環中表現出差異。又,儘管有無山梨醇酐化合物對膨脹閥出口溫度而言並無差異,但蒸發槽之控制循環變短(導入溫水之泵之作動間隔變短),該情形表示對於蒸發槽之配管內之熱交換率而言,添加有山梨醇酐化合物之情形較佳。
又,停止向蒸發槽20供給溫水而以不進行溫度控制之狀態運轉10.5分鐘(630秒),結果於試驗用作動流體4之情形時蒸發槽20之液溫成為14.4℃,該情形相當於與試驗用作動流體3相比,熱效率提高0.1℃。如上所述,於蒸發槽內對大致90kg之水進行熱交換,若對該熱效率進行熱量換算,則「90×0.1=9kcal=37.656KJ」,充分地表現出參與熱交換之山梨醇酐化合物之效果。
於本試驗中,為了驗證油吐出抑制劑之效果,使用上述基底油A、PVE及POE-B,與於基底油A中添加有總量之0.025質量%之作為油吐出抑制劑之聚異丁烯(平均分子量為2,000,000,以石蠟系礦物油稀釋液計為0.25重量%)的試料油比較油吐出量。再者,確認不會因添加油吐出抑制劑而對附著防止效果產生影響。
於試驗中,使用圖3所示之試驗裝置。圖中所示之試驗裝置,於透明之容器30中貯存有特定量之試料油31,噴霧嘴41以其下端浸漬於試料油31之狀態設置。試料油31藉由油加熱器32加熱,並且藉由攪拌子33攪拌而保持為固定溫度。又,試料油31因毛細管效應而被抽吸至噴霧嘴41。對於噴霧嘴41,自儲氣罐40供給氮氣(N2),所抽吸之試料油31於噴霧嘴41之內部與氮氣混合而成為薄霧51自噴霧嘴41噴出。所噴出之薄霧51係自排氣管50排出。
試驗方法係首先於容器30中注入約2kg之試料油31,預先測定此時之試料油31之重量(試驗前油重量)。繼而,藉由油加熱器32對試料油31進行加熱,一面藉由攪拌子33進行攪拌,一面將油溫設定為40℃而進行加熱攪拌。其次,以10L/min之流量自儲氣罐40向噴霧嘴41傳送氮氣(流量係藉由流量計42進行控制),自噴霧嘴41噴出薄霧51。繼而,自藉由噴霧嘴41噴出薄霧51之時刻,持續向容器30之內部供給氮氣30分鐘,進行排氣,並且於經過30分鐘後停止加熱攪拌及氮氣之供給。於停止後,測定試料油31之重量(試驗後油重量)。繼而,算出試驗前油重量與試驗後油重量之差量。該差量為試料油31成為薄霧51而排出之油吐出量,越少則表示吐出抑制效果越高而較佳。
將結果示於表11,可知因油吐出抑制劑而試料油31之吐出量減少。
以上詳細且參照特定之實施態樣對本發明進行了說明,但熟悉本技藝者應明白可不脫離本發明之精神與範圍而施加各種變更或修正。
本申請案係基於2017年5月9日申請之日本專利申請案(日本專利特願2017-93267)、2017年9月4日申請之日本專利申請案(日本專利特願2017-169519)者,其內容係以參照之形式引入於此。
本發明之冷凍機用作動流體可抑制環烷系礦物油向熱交換器之內表面之附著,故而根據本發明,不論冷凍裝置之種類均可長期維持其性能。
Claims (4)
- 一種冷凍機油組成物,其係選自氫氟碳冷媒、氫氟烯烴冷媒及二氧化碳冷媒之1種以上之冷媒用之冷凍機油組成物;其特徵在於含有:環烷系礦物油與多元醇酯油之混合油、以及山梨醇酐化合物;於上述混合油中,環烷系礦物油與多元醇酯油以質量比計為環烷系礦物油:多元醇酯油=60~90:40~10;且上述山梨醇酐化合物為聚氧乙烯與山梨醇酐與脂肪酸之化合物,其含量為該冷凍機油組成物總量之0.5~5質量%。
- 如請求項1之冷凍機油組成物,其中,上述環烷系礦物油之40℃下之動黏度為5~460mm2/s,上述多元醇酯油之4()℃下之動黏度為5~350mm2/s。
- 如請求項1或2之冷凍機油組成物,其含有用以抑制上述混合油自壓縮機吐出之油吐出抑制劑。
- 一種冷凍機用作動流體,其特徵在於包含:請求項1至3中任一項之冷凍機油組成物;及選自氫氟碳冷媒、氫氟烯烴冷媒及二氧化碳冷媒中之1種以上之冷媒。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017093267 | 2017-05-09 | ||
JP2017-093267 | 2017-05-09 | ||
JP2017169519 | 2017-09-04 | ||
JP2017-169519 | 2017-09-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201900858A TW201900858A (zh) | 2019-01-01 |
TWI711696B true TWI711696B (zh) | 2020-12-01 |
Family
ID=64105250
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW107115597A TWI711696B (zh) | 2017-05-09 | 2018-05-08 | 冷凍機油組成物及冷凍機用作動流體 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10883065B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3623454B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6675045B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102178569B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN108865341B (zh) |
DK (1) | DK3623454T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2914338T3 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY185265A (zh) |
SG (1) | SG11201908003TA (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI711696B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2018207709A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017133808A (ja) * | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-03 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
JP6908155B2 (ja) * | 2019-04-25 | 2021-07-21 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | フッ素化炭化水素及び二酸化炭素を含む冷媒、その使用、並びにそれを有する冷凍機及びその冷凍機の運転方法 |
JPWO2021145405A1 (zh) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-07-22 | ||
JP2023103715A (ja) * | 2022-01-14 | 2023-07-27 | 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 | 熱源機およびその運転方法、ならびに熱源機用冷凍機油 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW399095B (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 2000-07-21 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | Refrigerator oil composition |
CN104039939A (zh) * | 2011-12-27 | 2014-09-10 | 日本太阳石油株式会社 | 冷冻机油组合物 |
TW201533232A (zh) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-09-01 | Lubrizol Corp | 用於低全球暖化潛勢之冷媒系統的潤滑劑 |
Family Cites Families (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0670237B2 (ja) * | 1986-06-13 | 1994-09-07 | 日本油脂株式会社 | 冷凍機油 |
US5403503A (en) | 1989-12-14 | 1995-04-04 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Refrigerator oil composition for hydrogen-containing hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant |
US6183662B1 (en) * | 1992-06-03 | 2001-02-06 | Henkel Corporation | Polyol ester lubricants, especially those compatible with mineral oils, for refrigerating compressors operating at high temperatures |
JPH0885798A (ja) * | 1994-09-19 | 1996-04-02 | Toshiba Corp | 冷凍機油組成物 |
JP3501258B2 (ja) * | 1996-11-18 | 2004-03-02 | 出光興産株式会社 | 冷凍装置及び冷媒圧縮機 |
JPH10195426A (ja) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-07-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 冷凍装置用作動媒体及びこの媒体を用いた冷凍装置 |
TW385332B (en) | 1997-02-27 | 2000-03-21 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | Refrigerating oil composition |
JPH11263992A (ja) * | 1998-03-18 | 1999-09-28 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | さび止め油組成物 |
JP4046932B2 (ja) * | 2000-07-13 | 2008-02-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 冷蔵庫用作動媒体および冷蔵庫 |
JP2002194369A (ja) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-07-10 | Hitachi Ltd | 空調用作動媒体組成物及び該組成物を用いた空調機 |
JP2002194375A (ja) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-07-10 | Hitachi Ltd | 冷凍・空調用作動媒体組成物及び該組成物を用いた冷凍・空調装置 |
US6736991B1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2004-05-18 | Crompton Corporation | Refrigeration lubricant for hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants |
WO2005012469A1 (ja) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-02-10 | Nippon Oil Corporation | 冷凍機油組成物 |
CN100453627C (zh) * | 2003-08-01 | 2009-01-21 | 新日本石油株式会社 | 冷冻机油组合物 |
CN1826400A (zh) * | 2003-08-01 | 2006-08-30 | 新日本石油株式会社 | 冷冻机油组合物 |
JP4772504B2 (ja) | 2003-08-01 | 2011-09-14 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 冷凍機油組成物 |
JP4885533B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-20 | 2012-02-29 | 出光興産株式会社 | 冷凍機油組成物、これを用いた冷凍機用圧縮機及び冷凍装置 |
JP5214151B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-23 | 2013-06-19 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油及びそれを用いた冷凍機システム |
EP1995299B1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2018-01-31 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Method of lubricating a refrigerating machine oil |
JP5089151B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | 日本サン石油株式会社 | 冷凍機油組成物 |
CN101397522B (zh) * | 2007-09-28 | 2012-02-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种环保型冷冻机油组合物 |
US8568609B2 (en) | 2007-11-22 | 2013-10-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Lubricating oil composition for refrigerating machine |
JP5475984B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-12 | 2014-04-16 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
WO2009074664A1 (en) | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Lubricating oil composition |
JP2011140642A (ja) * | 2009-12-10 | 2011-07-21 | Showa Shell Sekiyu Kk | 潤滑油組成物 |
KR101900255B1 (ko) | 2012-03-02 | 2018-09-20 | 제이엑스티지 에네루기 가부시키가이샤 | 냉동기용 작동 유체 조성물, 냉동기유 및 이의 제조 방법 |
JP5882860B2 (ja) | 2012-08-30 | 2016-03-09 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
JP2016050226A (ja) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-04-11 | 三井化学株式会社 | 潤滑剤および潤滑剤組成物 |
JP2017093267A (ja) | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-25 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | モータ制御装置 |
JP6727496B2 (ja) | 2016-03-25 | 2020-07-22 | オグラ金属株式会社 | ブドウの栽培方法及びブドウ栽培用照明装置 |
-
2017
- 2017-09-30 CN CN201710918586.3A patent/CN108865341B/zh active Active
-
2018
- 2018-05-02 EP EP18797847.3A patent/EP3623454B1/en active Active
- 2018-05-02 SG SG11201908003T patent/SG11201908003TA/en unknown
- 2018-05-02 US US16/491,058 patent/US10883065B2/en active Active
- 2018-05-02 JP JP2019517598A patent/JP6675045B2/ja active Active
- 2018-05-02 ES ES18797847T patent/ES2914338T3/es active Active
- 2018-05-02 MY MYPI2019005066A patent/MY185265A/en unknown
- 2018-05-02 WO PCT/JP2018/017556 patent/WO2018207709A1/ja unknown
- 2018-05-02 DK DK18797847.3T patent/DK3623454T3/da active
- 2018-05-02 KR KR1020197026101A patent/KR102178569B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2018-05-08 TW TW107115597A patent/TWI711696B/zh active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW399095B (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 2000-07-21 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | Refrigerator oil composition |
CN104039939A (zh) * | 2011-12-27 | 2014-09-10 | 日本太阳石油株式会社 | 冷冻机油组合物 |
TW201533232A (zh) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-09-01 | Lubrizol Corp | 用於低全球暖化潛勢之冷媒系統的潤滑劑 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20200017795A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
JPWO2018207709A1 (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
SG11201908003TA (en) | 2019-11-28 |
EP3623454B1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
TW201900858A (zh) | 2019-01-01 |
KR20190109767A (ko) | 2019-09-26 |
KR102178569B1 (ko) | 2020-11-16 |
ES2914338T3 (es) | 2022-06-09 |
DK3623454T3 (da) | 2022-05-02 |
WO2018207709A1 (ja) | 2018-11-15 |
JP6675045B2 (ja) | 2020-04-01 |
CN108865341A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
EP3623454A4 (en) | 2021-02-24 |
EP3623454A1 (en) | 2020-03-18 |
MY185265A (en) | 2021-04-30 |
US10883065B2 (en) | 2021-01-05 |
CN108865341B (zh) | 2021-12-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI711696B (zh) | 冷凍機油組成物及冷凍機用作動流體 | |
JP6120879B2 (ja) | 潤滑油との混和性が改善された熱伝達組成物 | |
US8858824B2 (en) | Composition comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene | |
US8858825B2 (en) | Heat transfer compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and ammonia | |
WO2015186671A1 (ja) | 熱サイクルシステム用組成物および熱サイクルシステム | |
JP6409865B2 (ja) | 熱サイクル用作動媒体、熱サイクルシステム用組成物および熱サイクルシステム | |
WO2016171264A1 (ja) | 熱サイクルシステム用組成物および熱サイクルシステム | |
WO2016009884A1 (ja) | 冷凍機油組成物、及び冷凍装置 | |
JP2011085275A (ja) | 冷凍装置 | |
CN111895672B (zh) | 冷冻机、冷冻机用工作流体及冷冻机油 | |
JP7488929B2 (ja) | 冷凍機油 | |
JP7108599B2 (ja) | 熱サイクルシステム用組成物および熱サイクルシステム | |
JP5089151B2 (ja) | 冷凍機油組成物 | |
WO2016181933A1 (ja) | 熱サイクルシステム用組成物および熱サイクルシステム | |
JP2019034997A (ja) | 冷凍機油組成物及び冷凍機用作動流体 | |
JPH09143486A (ja) | 冷凍機油組成物および冷凍サイクル | |
WO2021015128A1 (ja) | 冷媒循環システムの運転方法 | |
TWI376409B (en) | Fluorinated alkene refrigerant compositions | |
JP2016513166A (ja) | ジフルオロメタン及びフッ素置換オレフィンを含む組成物 |