TWI634113B - 新穎有機電場發光化合物及使用該化合物之有機電場發光裝置 - Google Patents
新穎有機電場發光化合物及使用該化合物之有機電場發光裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI634113B TWI634113B TW101107850A TW101107850A TWI634113B TW I634113 B TWI634113 B TW I634113B TW 101107850 A TW101107850 A TW 101107850A TW 101107850 A TW101107850 A TW 101107850A TW I634113 B TWI634113 B TW I634113B
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 113
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 93
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 70
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 66
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
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- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 38
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 125000000923 (C1-C30) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 23
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- -1 2-methylbut-2-enyl Chemical group 0.000 description 15
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 11
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- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 9
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- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
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- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003943 azolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- XPEIJWZLPWNNOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-phenylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(B(O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XPEIJWZLPWNNOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JSRLURSZEMLAFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 JSRLURSZEMLAFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C=12C=CC3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C(C)N=C3C2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Isoprenaline Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBGUDZMIAZLJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dibromonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(Br)=CC=C(Br)C2=C1 IBGUDZMIAZLJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KUBSCXXKQGDPPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-9-phenylcarbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC(Br)=CC=C2N1C1=CC=CC=C1 KUBSCXXKQGDPPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001977 isobenzofuranyl group Chemical group C=1(OC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KNVVMNKJHCIPRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;3-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Li+].C1=CC=C2N=C(C([O-])=O)C(O)=CC2=C1 KNVVMNKJHCIPRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl Chemical compound [CH3] WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KPTRDYONBVUWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-2-ylboronic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(B(O)O)=CC=C21 KPTRDYONBVUWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001151 peptidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPEVHDGLPIIAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(3+) Chemical compound [Ru+3] BPEVHDGLPIIAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003960 triphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明係有關於新穎有機電場發光化合物以及使用該化合物之有機電場發光裝置。該有機發光化合物提供具有高發光效率以及長操作壽命、以及需要低驅動電壓(改善功率效率以及功率損耗)之有機電場發光裝置。
Description
本發明係關於新穎有機電場發光化合物以及使用該化合物之有機電場發光裝置
電場發光(electroluminescent,EL)裝置係具有提供寬廣視角、較大的對比度以及快速的反應時間之優於其他類型顯示器裝置之優點的自發光裝置。伊斯門-柯達(Eastman Kodak)首先藉由於發光層中使用小分子(芳香族二胺)和鋁錯合物而研發出有機EL裝置[Appl.Phys.Lett.51,913,1987]。
決定有機EL裝置之發光效率的最重要因素係發光材料。至今,螢光材料已廣泛地用作為發光材料。然而,從電場發光機制的觀點來看,磷光材料在理論上表現出高出螢光材料四倍之發光效率。因此,近年來,磷光材料已被研究探討。
銥(III)錯合物係廣為人知之磷光材料,其包含雙(2-(2’-苯并噻吩基)-吡啶-N,C3’)銥(乙醯基丙酮)((acac)Ir(btp)2)、参(2-苯基吡啶)銥(Ir(ppy)3)以及雙(4,6-二氟苯基吡啶-N,C2)甲吡啶銥(Firpic),分別作為紅光、綠光以及藍光材料。
為了改善色純度、發光效率以及安定性,可以使用呈藉由將摻雜劑與主體(host)材料混合而製備之發光材料。在該主體材料/摻雜劑系統中,由於該主體材料在EL裝置
之效率與性能上具有大的影響,因而重要。
目前為止,4,4’-N,N’-二咔唑-聯苯(CBP)係最廣為人知之用於磷光材料之主體材料。此外,日本先鋒公司(Pioneer)發展了高性能之有機EL裝置,該有機EL裝置使用作為主體材料之浴銅靈(bathocuproine,BCP)或雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)(4-苯基酚)合鋁(III)(BAlq),其係已用作為電洞阻擋層(hole blocking layer)之材料。
儘管該等磷光主體材料提供良好的發光特性,其仍具有下列缺點:(1)因為其玻璃轉化溫度低以及熱安定性差,因此在真空高溫沉積製程期間可能會出現劣化(degradation)。(2)該有機EL裝置之功率效率係藉由[(Π/電壓)×電流效率]給出,因此功率效率與電壓呈反比。雖然包括磷光材料之有機EL裝置相較於包括螢光材料者提供較佳之電流效率(燭光/安培(cd/A)),然而用於有機EL裝置需要顯著高的驅動電壓,因此導致差的功率效率(流明/瓦(lm/W))(3)再者,該有機EL裝置之操作壽命短,因此仍需改善發光效率。
國際專利申請案公開號WO2006/049013揭露一種用於有機電場發光材料之化合物,其具有縮合的雙環基作為骨架(backbone)。然而,其未揭露具有藉由縮合兩個6-員環所形成之含氮縮合的雙環系基、咔唑系基、以及芳基或雜芳基之化合物。
本發明之一目的係提供一種給予裝置優異發光效率、長操作壽命以及低驅動電壓之有機電場發光化合物;以及使用該化合物之有機電場發光裝置。
本發明之發明人發現上述目的可以藉由下式1表示之化合物達成:
其中,L1表示單鍵、經取代或未經取代之5-至30-員伸雜芳基、經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)伸芳基、或者是經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)伸環烷基;X1表示CH或N;Y表示-O-、-S-、-CR11R12-或-NR13-;Ar1表示單鍵、經取代或未經取代之5-至30-員伸雜芳基、經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)伸芳基、或者是經取代或未經取代之(C1-C30)伸烷基;Ar2表示氫、氘、經取代或未經取代之(C1-C30)烷基、經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基、或者是經取代或未經取代之5-至30-員雜芳基;
R1至R5各獨立表示氫、氘、鹵素、經取代或未經取代之(C1-C30)烷基、經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基、經取代或未經取代之5-至30-員雜芳基、經取代或未經取代之(C3-C30)環烷基、經取代或未經取代之5-至7-員雜環烷基、經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基(C1-C30)烷基、與至少一個(C3-C30)環烷基稠合之經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基、與至少一個經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳香環稠合之5-或7-員雜環烷基、與至少一個經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳香環稠合之(C3-C30)環烷基、-NR14R15、-SiR16R17R18、-SR19、-OR20、經取代或未經取代之(C2-C30)烯基、經取代或未經取代之(C2-C30)炔基、氰基、硝基、或羥基;或R1至R5透過經取代或未經取代之(C3-C30)伸烷基或者是經取代或未經取代之(C3-C30)伸烯基鍵結至相鄰取代基,以形成其中之一個或多個碳原子可經至少一個選自氮、氧以及硫之雜原子取代之單環或多環之脂環族環或單環或多環之芳香環;R11至R20具有與R1至R5之一者之定義相同之定義;a、b以及e各獨立表示1至4之整數;其中,當a、b或e係2或更大之整數,每一個R1、每一個R2或每一個R5係相同或不同;c以及d各獨立表示1至3之整數;其中,當c或d係2或更大之整數,每一個R3或每一個R4係相同或不同;以及該雜環烷基以及(伸)雜芳基含有至少一個選自B、N、
O、S、P(=O)、Si以及P之雜原子。
此處,“(C1-C30)(伸)烷基”係具有1至30個,較佳為1至20個,更佳為1至10個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈(伸)烷基,且包含甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第三丁基等;“(C2-C30)(伸)烯基”係具有2至30個,較佳為2至20個,更佳為1至10個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈(伸)烯基,且包含乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、2-甲基丁-2-烯基等;“(C2-C30)炔基”係具有2至30個,較佳為2至20個,更佳為1至10個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈炔基,且包含乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基、3-丁炔基、1-甲基戊-2-炔基等;“(C1-C30)烷氧基”係具有1至30個,較佳為2至20個,更佳為2至10個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷氧基,且包含甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、異丙氧基、1-乙基丙氧基等;“(C3-C30)環烷基”係具有3至30個,較佳為3至20個,更佳為3至7個碳原子之單環烴或多環烴,且包含環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基等;“(C6-C30)伸環烷基”係自具有6至30個,較佳為6至20個,更佳為6個或7個碳原子之環烷基移除氫而形成者;以及“5-至7-員雜環烷基”係具有至少一個選自B、N、O、S、P(=O)、Si以及P(較佳為N、O以及S)之雜原子,以及除了該雜原子以外,其他作為剩餘環骨架原子之碳原子之環烷基,且“5-至7-員雜環烷基”包含四氫呋喃、吡咯啶、
四氫哌喃等。此外,“(C6-C30)(伸)芳基”係衍生自芳香烴之單環或稠合環,以及具有較佳為6至20個環骨架碳原子;且包含苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基、萘基、茀基、菲基、蒽基、茚基、聯伸三苯基(triphenylenyl)、芘基、四基(tetracenyl)、苝基、蒯基(chrysenyl)、稠四苯基(naphthacenyl)、丙二烯合茀基(fluoranthenyl)等。此外,“5-或30-員(伸)雜芳基”係具有至少1個(較佳為1至4個)選自B、N、O、S、P(=O)、Si以及P所組成群組之雜原子,以及除了該雜原子以外,其他作為剩餘環骨架原子之碳原子之芳基;為至少與苯環縮合之單環或稠合環;較佳為具有5至21個環骨架原子;可為部分飽合;可為透過一個或多個單鍵鍵聯至少一個雜芳基或芳基至雜芳基而形成者;且包含單環類型雜芳基,包含呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基、異噻唑基、異唑基、唑基、二唑基、三基、四基、三唑基、四唑基、呋吖基、吡啶基、吡基、嘧啶基、嗒等、以及稠合環類型雜芳基包含苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、異苯并呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并異噻唑基、苯并異唑基、苯并唑基、異吲哚基、吲哚基、吲唑基、苯并噻二唑基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、喹啉基、咔唑基、啡基、啡啶基、苯并二呃基(benzodioxolyl)等。
較佳為,式1之取代基係如下所列者:L1較佳為表示單鍵、經取代或未經取代之5-或30-員
伸雜芳基或者是經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)伸芳基,更佳為單鍵或者是經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)伸芳基。
X較佳表示N。
Y較佳表示-O-、-S-、-CR11R12-(其中,R11以及R12各獨立表示經取代或未經取代之(C1-C30)烷基)或-NR13-(其中,R13表示鹵素、氘、經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基、或者是經取代或未經取代之5-或30-員雜芳基)。
R1以及R2各獨立表示氫、經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基、經取代或未經取代之5-或30-員雜芳基、-NR14R15(其中,R14以及R15各獨立表示經取代或未經取代之(C1-C30)烷基或者是經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基)或羥基,更佳為氫或者是經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基。
R3至R5各獨立表示氫或者是經取代或未經取代之(C1-C30)烷基,更佳為氫。
a至e各獨立表示整數1。
*-Ar1-Ar2係選自下列結構:
此處,L1、Ar1、Ar2、R1至R5以及R11至R20表示之該經取代之(C1-C30)烷基、經取代之(C2-C30)烯基、經取代之(C2-C30)炔基、經取代之(C6-C30)伸環烷基、經取代之(C3-C30)環烷基、經取代之5-至7-員雜環烷基、經取代之(C6-C30)(伸)芳基、經取代之5-至30-員(伸)雜芳基以及經取代之芳香環之取代基各獨立為至少一個選自下列所組成之群組者:氘、鹵素、氰基、羧基、硝基、羥基、(C1-C30)烷基、鹵(C1-C30)烷基、(C2-C30)烯基、(C2-C30)炔基、(C1-C30)烷氧基、(C1-C30)烷硫基、(C3-C30)環烷基、(C3-C30)環烯基、5-至7-員雜環烷基、(C6-C30)芳基、(C6-C30)芳氧基、(C6-C30)芳硫基、5-至30-員雜芳基、經(C6-C30)芳基取代之5-至30-員雜芳基、經5-至30-員雜芳基取代之(C6-C30)芳基、三(C1-C30)烷基矽烷基、三(C6-C30)芳基矽烷基、二(C1-C30)烷基(C6-C30)芳基矽烷
基、(C1-C30)烷基二(C6-C30)芳基矽烷基、胺基、單或二(C1-C30)烷基胺基、單或二(C6-C30)芳基胺基、(C1-C30)烷基(C6-C30)芳基胺基、(C1-C30)烷基羰基、(C1-C30)烷氧基羰基、(C1-C30)芳基羰基、二(C6-C30)芳基硼基(di(C6-C30)arylboronyl group)、二(C1-C30)烷基硼基、(C1-C30)烷基(C6-C30)芳基硼基、(C6-C30)芳基(C1-C30)烷基以及(C1-C30)烷基(C6-C30)芳基。較佳為,該取代基係至少一個選自下列所組成之群組者:氘、鹵素、(C1-C30)烷基、鹵(C1-C30)烷基、(C6-C30)芳基、5-至30-員雜芳基、三(C1-C30)烷基矽烷基、三(C6-C30)芳基矽烷基、二(C1-C30)烷基(C6-C30)芳基矽烷基、(C1-C30)烷基二(C6-C30)芳基矽烷基、羥基以及(C1-C30)烷氧基。
本發明之有機電場發光化合物包含下列者,但不限於此:
本發明之有機電場發光化合物可用該領域中習知之方法製備,舉例而言,如下列方案1。
其中,R1至R5、Ar1、Ar2、Y、X1、L1、a、b、c、d以及e係如上述式1所定義般定義,以及X表示鹵素。
此外,本發明提供包括該式1之有機電場發光化合物的有機電場發光裝置。
該有機電場發光裝置包括第一電極、第二電極、以及至少一層插置於該第一電極以及第二電極間的有機層。該有機層包括至少一種式1之有機電場發光化合物。再者,該有機層包括其中包括式1之有機電場發光化合物作為主體材料之發光層。在式1之有機電場發光化合物被包括於發光層中作為主體材料時,該發光層復包括至少一種磷光
摻雜劑。在本發明之有機電場發光裝置中,該磷光摻雜劑並不特別限定,但可為選自下式2表示之化合物:[式2]M1L101L102L103
其中,M1係選自Ir、Pt、Pd以及Os所組成之群組;L101、L102以及L103各獨立選自下列結構:
R201至R203各獨立表示氫、氘、未經取代或經一個或多
個鹵素取代之(C1-C30)烷基、未經取代或經一個或多個(C1-C30)烷基取代之(C6-C30)芳基、或鹵素;R204至R219各獨立表示氫、氘、經取代或未經取代之(C1-C30)烷基、經取代或未經取代之(C1-C30)烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之(C3-C30)環烷基、經取代或未經取代之(C2-C30)烯基、經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基、經取代或未經取代之單或二(C1-C30)烷基胺基、經取代或未經取代之單或二(C6-C30)芳基胺基、SF5、經取代或未經取代之三(C1-C30)烷基矽烷基、經取代或未經取代之二(C1-C30)烷基(C6-C30)芳基矽烷基、經取代或未經取代之三(C6-C30)芳基矽烷基、氰基或鹵素;R220至R223各獨立表示氫、氘、未經取代或經一個或多個鹵素取代之(C1-C30)烷基、或未經取代或經一個或多個(C1-C30)烷基取代之(C6-C30)芳基;R224以及R225各獨立表示氫、氘、經取代或未經取代之(C1-C30)烷基、經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基、或鹵素、或R224以及R225可透過具有或不具有稠合環之(C3-C12)伸烷基或(C3-C12)伸烯基彼此互相鍵結以形成單環或多環之脂環族環或單環或多環之芳香環;R226表示經取代或未經取代之(C1-C30)烷基、經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基、經取代或未經取代之5-或30-員雜芳基或鹵素;R227至R229各獨立表示氫、氘、經取代或未經取代之(C1-C30)烷基、經取
代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基或鹵素;Q表示 或;R231至R242各獨立表示氫、氘、
未經取代或經一個或多個鹵素取代之(C1-C30)烷基、(C1-C30)烷氧基、鹵素、經取代或未經取代之(C6-C30)芳基、氰基、經取代或未經取代之(C5-C30)環烷基、或R231至R242各可透過(C2-C30)伸烷基或(C2-C30)伸烯基鍵結至相鄰取代基以形成螺環或稠合環,或R231至R242各可透過(C2-C30)伸烷基或(C2-C30)伸烯基鍵結至R207或R208以形成飽合或不飽合之稠合環。
式2之摻雜劑包含下列者,但其不限於此:
除了本發明之有機電場發光化合物外,本發明之有機電場發光裝置可復包括至少一種選自芳基胺系化合物以及苯乙烯基芳基胺系化合物所組成群組之胺系化合物。
在本發明之有機電場發光裝置中,該有機層可復包括至少一種選自週期表第1族之金屬、第2族之金屬、第4週期之過渡金屬、第5週期之過渡金屬、鑭系金屬以及d-過渡元素之有機金屬所組成群組之金屬,或至少一種包括該金屬之錯合物。該有機層可包括發光層以及電荷產生層
(charge generating layer)。
本發明之有機電場發光裝置可藉由除了本發明之有機電場發光化合物外,復包括至少一層包括藍光電場發光化合物、紅光電場發光化合物或綠光電場發光化合物之發光層,以發射白光。若有必要,該有機電場發光裝置可復包括黃光發光層或橘光發光層。
較佳地,在依據本發明之有機電場發光裝置中,可將至少一層(後文中,表示“表面層”)選自硫屬化合物(chalcogenide)層、金屬鹵化物層以及金屬氧化物層之層體設置在該電極對之一個或兩個電極之內表面上。具體而言,較佳為將矽或鋁之硫屬化合物層設置於電場發光介質層之陽極表面,以及將金屬鹵化物層或金屬氧化物層設置於電場發光介質層之陰極表面。該表面層提供該有機電場發光裝置之操作安定性。較佳地,該硫屬化合物包含SiOx(1≦X≦2)、AlOx(1≦X≦1.5)、SiON、SiAlON等;該金屬鹵化物包含LiF、MgF2、CaF2、稀土金屬氟化物等;以及該金屬氧化物包含CS2O、Li2O、MgO、SrO、BaO、CaO等。
較佳地,在本發明之有機電場發光裝置中,可在電極對之至少一個表面上設置電子傳輸化合物之混合區,或電洞傳輸化合物以及氧化性摻雜劑之混合區。在此例中,由於該電子傳輸化合物被還原成陰離子,因而使該電子變得更易於注入以及傳輸至電場發光介質。此外,由於該電洞傳輸化合物被氧化成陽離子,因而使該電洞變得更易於注入以及傳輸至該電場發光介質。較佳地,該氧化性摻雜劑
包含多種路易士酸以及受體化合物;以及該還原性摻雜劑包含鹼金屬、鹼金屬化合物、鹼土金屬、稀土金屬、以及其混合物。可使用還原性摻雜劑層作為電荷產生層,以製備具有二層或更多層電場發光層且發射白光之電場發光裝置。
本發明之有機電場發光化合物提供具有高發光效率以及長操作壽命,以及需要低驅動電壓(改善功率效率以及功率損耗)之有機電場發光裝置。
後文,將提供製備該有機電場發光化合物之實施例,以及使用該化合物之有機電場發光裝置之性質。
用於該實施例中之縮寫具有下列意義:Ph:苯基,MeOH:甲醇,EtOH:乙醇,MC:二氯甲烷,EA:乙酸乙酯,DMF:二甲基甲醯胺,n-Bu:正丁基、i-Pr:異丙基,Me:甲基,THF:四氫呋喃,EDA:乙二胺,NBS:N-溴琥珀醯亞胺
將二苯并[b,d]呋喃-2-基硼酸(10.33克,48.76毫莫耳(mmol))、3-溴-9H-咔唑(10克(g),40.63毫莫耳)、K2CO3(13.5克,97.52毫莫耳)以及Pd(PPh3)4(2.35克,2.03毫莫耳)添加至200毫升甲苯、50毫升EtOH及50毫升純水中。將該反應混合物在90至100℃攪拌3小時後,使該混合物降溫至室溫。藉由重力分離自該混合物移除水層。濃縮得到之有機層,與MC一起磨碎,然後過濾以得到化合物C-1-1(9.75克,72%)。
將2,4-二氯喹唑啉(30克,151毫莫耳)、苯基硼酸(9.2克,75.3毫莫耳)、Pd(PPh3)4(2.6克,2.3毫莫耳)以及Na2CO3(16克,150毫莫耳)溶解於甲苯(300毫升)以及蒸餾水(75毫升)後,將該反應混合物在90℃攪拌2小時。將該混合物減壓蒸餾以得到有機層,然後與MeOH一起磨碎。將該得到之固體溶解於MC中,透過矽膠過濾,然後與MC以及己烷一起磨碎以得到化合物C-1-2(9.3克,51.4%)。
將化合物C-1-1(5.3克,14.7毫莫耳)以及化合物C-1-2(5克,15.8毫莫耳)分散在80毫升DMF後,在室溫將60% NaH(948毫克,22毫莫耳)添加至該混合物。將該得到之反應混合物攪拌12小時。在添加純水(1公升)後,將該混合物減壓過濾。將該得到之固體與MeOH/Ea一起磨碎,溶於MC中,透過矽膠過濾,然後與MC/正己烷一起磨碎以得到化合物C-3(5克,51.5%)。
將9-苯基-9H-咔唑-3-基硼酸(14克,48.76毫莫耳)、3-溴-9H-咔唑(10克,40.63毫莫耳)、K2CO3(13.5克,97.52毫莫耳)以及Pd(PPh3)4(2.35克,2.03毫莫耳)添加至200毫升甲苯、50毫升EtOH以及50毫升純水中。將該反應混合物在90至100℃攪拌3小時後,使該混合物降溫至室溫。藉由重力分離自該混合物移除水層。濃縮該得到之有機層,與MC一起磨碎,然後過濾以得到化合物C-2-1(12克,72%)。
將2,4-二氯喹唑啉(20克,0.1莫耳)、聯苯-4-基硼酸(18.9克,0.1莫耳)、Pd(PPh3)4(3.5克,3.01毫莫耳)以及Na2CO3(31.9克,0.3莫耳)添加至800毫升甲苯、200毫升EtOH以及200毫升純水中。將該反應混合物在70至80℃攪拌3小時後,藉由重力分離自該混合物移除水層。濃縮該得到之有機層,然後藉由矽膠管柱層析純化以得到化合物C-2-2(15克,47%)。
將化合物C-2-2(4.6克,14.7毫莫耳)以及化合物C-2-1(5克,12.2毫莫耳)分散在80毫升DMF後,在室溫將60% NaH(881克,22毫莫耳)添加至該混合物。將該得到之反應混合物攪拌12小時。在添加純水(1公升)後,將該混合物減壓過濾。將該得到之固體與MeOH/EA一起磨碎,溶於MC中,透過矽膠過濾,然後與MC/正己烷一起磨碎以得到化合物C-9(4克,47.4%)。
將二苯并[b,d]噻吩-2-基硼酸(10.33克,48.76毫莫耳)、3-溴-9H-咔唑(10克,40.63毫莫耳)、K2CO3(13.5克,97.52毫莫耳)、以及Pd(PPh3)4(2.35克,2.03毫莫耳)添加至200毫升甲苯、50毫升EtOH以及50毫升純水中。將該反應混合物在90至100℃攪拌3小時,使該混合物降溫至室溫。藉由重力分離自該混合物移除水層。濃縮該得到之有機層,與MC一起磨碎,然後過濾以得到化合物C-3-1(9.75克,72%)。
將化合物C-3-1(5.5克,15.8毫莫耳)以及化合物
C-2-2(5克,15.8毫莫耳)分散在80毫升DMF後,在室溫將60% NaH(948毫克,22毫莫耳)添加至該混合物中。將該得到之反應混合物攪拌12小時。在添加純水(1公升)後,將該混合物減壓過濾。將該得到之固體與MeOH/EA一起磨碎,溶於MC中,透過矽膠過濾,然後與MC/正己烷一起磨碎。得到化合物C-12(5.2克,52%)。
將聯苯-4-基硼酸(157克,554毫莫耳)、1,3-二溴苯(100克,581.7毫莫耳)、Pd(PPh3)4(13克,11.08毫莫耳)以及Na2CO3(150克,1.385莫耳)溶解於甲苯(3.5公升)、EtOH(0.7公升)以及蒸餾水(0.7公升)後,將該反應混合物在90℃攪拌3小時。以EA以及蒸餾水萃取該混合物,藉由加熱溶解於氯仿(10公升)中,然後透過矽膠過濾。在與EA及己烷一起磨碎該生成物後,將該生成物與EA及MeOH一起磨碎以得到化合物C-4-1(94克,60%)。
將化合物C-4-1(55克,178毫莫耳)溶解於THF(800
毫升)後,在-78℃將溶於己烷之2.5M之n-BuLi(106毫升,267毫莫耳)添加至該反應混合物中,然後該混合物攪拌1小時。將B(Oi-Pr)3(82毫升,356毫莫耳)緩慢添加至該混合物中,然後將該混合物攪拌2小時。藉由添加2M之HCl以使混合物淬火(quenched),以蒸餾水及EA萃取,然後以己烷及丙酮再結晶。得到化合物C-4-2(43克,88.0%)。
將2,4-二氯喹唑啉(20克,73毫莫耳)、化合物C-4-2(15克,73毫莫耳)、Pd(PPh3)4(2.5克,2.2毫莫耳)以及Na2CO3(23克,241毫莫耳)溶解於甲苯(500毫升)、EtOH(100毫升)以及蒸餾水(100毫升)中,然後在100℃攪拌5小時。將該反應混合物減壓蒸餾以得到有機層,然後與MeOH一起磨碎。將該得到之固體溶解於MC中,透過矽膠過濾,然後與MC及己烷一起磨碎以得到化合物C-4-3(19.5克,68%)。
將化合物C-2-1(5克,12.2毫莫耳)以及化合物C-4-3(4.6克,11.6毫莫耳)分散在80毫升DMF後,在室溫將60% NaH(881毫克,22毫莫耳)添加至該混合物中。將該得到之反應混合物攪拌12小時。在添加純水(1公升)後,將該混合物減壓過濾。將該得到之固體與MeOH/EA一起磨碎,與DMF一起磨碎,然後再與EA/THF一起磨碎。將該生成物溶於MC中,透過矽膠過濾,然後與MeOH/EA一起磨碎。得到化合物C-15(5.1克,57%)。
將2-萘基硼酸(157克,554毫莫耳)、1-溴-4-碘苯(100克,581.7毫莫耳)、Pd(PPh3)4(13克,11.08毫莫耳)以及Na2CO3(150克,1.385莫耳)溶解於甲苯(3.5公升)、EtOH(0.7公升)以及蒸餾水(0.7公升)後,將該反應混合物在90℃攪拌3小時。以EA以及蒸餾水萃取該混合物,藉由加熱溶解於氯仿(10公升)中,然後透過矽膠過濾。使生成物與EA及己烷一起磨碎後,該生成物與EA及MeOH一起磨碎以得到化合物C-5-1(94克,60%)。
將化合物C-5-l(94克,332毫莫耳)溶解於THF(800毫升)後,在-78℃將溶於己烷之2.5M之n-BuLi(80毫升,386.4毫莫耳)添加至該反應混合物,然後該混合物攪拌1小時。將B(OMe)3(28毫升,498毫莫耳)緩慢添加至該混合物中,然後將該混合物攪拌2小時。藉由添加2M之HCl以使混合物淬火,以蒸餾水及EA萃取,然後以己烷及丙酮再結晶。得到化合物C-5-2(57克,67.0%)。
將2,4-二氯喹唑啉(46克,230毫莫耳)、化合物C-5-2(57克,230毫莫耳)、Pd(PPh3)4(10.6克,9.2毫莫耳)以及Na2CO3(73克,690毫莫耳)溶解於甲苯(1.1公升)、EtOH(230毫升)以及蒸餾水(350毫升)中,然後在100℃攪拌5小時。將該反應混合物減壓蒸餾以得到有機層,然後與MeOH一起磨碎。將該得到之固體溶解於MC中,透過矽膠過濾,然後與MC及己烷一起磨碎以得到化合物C-5-3(51克,99.9%)。
將化合物C-2-1(5克,12.2毫莫耳)以及化合物C-5-3(4.5克,12.2毫莫耳)分散在80毫升DMF後,在室溫將60% NaH(881毫克,22毫莫耳)添加至該混合物中。將該得到之反應混合物攪拌12小時。在添加純水(1公升)後,將該混合物減壓過濾。將該得到之固體與MeOH/EA一起磨碎,與DMF一起磨碎,然後再與EA/THF一起磨碎。將該生成物溶於MC中,透過矽膠過濾,然後與MeOH/EA一起磨碎。得到化合物C-29(1.8克,20%)。
將化合物C-2-1(14克,34.3毫莫耳)、1,3-二溴苯
(48.5克,171.4毫莫耳)、CuI(3.3克,17.1毫莫耳)、K3PO4(21.8克,102.9毫莫耳)以及EDA(2.3毫升,34.3毫莫耳)添加至500毫升甲苯中。將該反應混合物攪拌回流1天,以EA萃取,然後減壓蒸餾。生成物以MC/己烷進行管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-6-1(15.5克,80.1%)。
將化合物C-6-1(15.5克,27.5毫莫耳)溶解於THF(250毫升)後,在-78℃於其內添加溶於己烷之2.5M之n-BuLi(17.6毫升,44毫莫耳)。將該反應混合物攪拌1小時。將B(Oi-Pr)3(12.6毫升,55毫莫耳)緩慢添加至該混合物中,然後將該混合物攪拌2小時。藉由添加2M之HCl以使混合物淬火,以蒸餾水及EA萃取,然後以己烷以及MC再結晶。得到化合物C-6-2(8.7克,60%)。
將化合物C-1-2(2.3克,9.5毫莫耳)、化合物C-6-2(6克,11.3毫莫耳)、Pd(PPh3)4(532毫克,0.46毫莫耳)以及Na2CO3(2.9克,27.6毫莫耳)溶解於甲苯(55毫升)、EtOH(14毫升)以及蒸餾水(14毫升)後,將該反應混合物在90℃攪拌2小時。以蒸餾水及EA萃取該混合物。生成物以MC及己烷進行管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-84(2.4克,36.9%)。
將化合物C-2-1(14克,34.3毫莫耳)、1-溴-4-碘苯(48.5克,171.4毫莫耳)、CuI(3.3克,17.1毫莫耳)、K3PO4(21.8克,102.9毫莫耳)以及EDA(2.3毫升,34.3毫莫耳)添加至500毫升甲苯中。將該反應混合物在攪拌下回流1天,以EA萃取,然後減壓蒸餾。生成物以MC/己烷進行管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-7-1(15.5克,80.1%)。
將化合物C-7-1(15.5克,27.5毫莫耳)溶解於THF(250毫升)後,在-78℃於其內添加溶於己烷之2.5M之n-BuLi(17.6nnL,44毫莫耳)。將該反應混合物攪拌1小時。將B(Oi-Pr)3(12.6毫升,55毫莫耳)緩慢添加至該混合物中,然後將該混合物攪拌2小時。藉由添加2M之HCl以使混合物淬火,以蒸餾水及EA萃取,然後以MC及己烷再結晶。得到化合物C-7-2(8.7克,60%)。
將化合物C-1-2(2.3克,9.5毫莫耳)、化合物C-7-2(6克,11.3毫莫耳)、Pd(PPh3)4(532毫克,0.46毫莫耳)以
及Na2CO3(2.9克,27.6毫莫耳)溶解於甲苯(55毫升)、EtOH(14毫升)以及蒸餾水(14毫升)後,將該反應混合物在90℃攪拌2小時。以蒸餾水及EA萃取該混合物。生成物以MC及己烷進行管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-86(2.4克,36.9%)。
將9H-咔唑(20克,119.6毫莫耳)、1-溴-4-氟苯(40毫升,358.8毫莫耳)、CuI(23克,119.6毫莫耳)、K3PO4(117克,357毫莫耳)以及EDA(16毫升,238毫莫耳)添加至500毫升甲苯中。將該反應混合物攪拌回流1天,以EA萃取,然後減壓蒸餾。生成物以MC/己烷進行管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-8-1(42克,67%)。
將化合物C-8-1(5克,19.1毫莫耳)溶解於DMF(100毫升)後,於其內添加NBS(3.4克,19.1毫莫耳)。將該反應混合物攪拌1天,以EA萃取,然後減壓蒸餾。生成物以MC/己烷進行管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-8-2(5.6克,86%)。
將C-8-2(5.6克,16.5毫莫耳)溶解於THF(85毫升)後,在-78℃於其內添加溶於己烷之2.5M之n-BuLi(7.2毫升,18.2毫莫耳)。將該反應混合物攪拌1小時。將B(Oi-Pr)3(5.7毫升,24.7毫莫耳)緩慢添加至該混合物中,然後將該混合物攪拌2小時。藉由添加2M之HCl以使混合物淬火,以蒸餾水及EA萃取,然後以MC及己烷再結晶。得到化合物C-8-3(8.7克,60%)。
將化合物C-8-3(14克,48.76毫莫耳)、3-溴-9H-咔唑(10克,40.63毫莫耳)、K2CO3(13.5克,97.52毫莫耳)以及Pd(PPh3)4(2.35克,2.03毫莫耳)添加至200毫升甲苯、50毫升EtOH、以及50毫升純水中。將該反應混合物在90至100℃攪拌3小時後,使該混合物降溫至室溫。藉由重力分離自該混合物移除水層。濃縮該得到之有機層,以MC再結晶,然後過濾以得到化合物C-8-4(12克,72%)。
將化合物C-8-4(14克,34.3毫莫耳)、1-溴-4-碘苯(48.5克,171.4毫莫耳)、CuI(3.3克,17.1毫莫耳)、K3PO4(21.8克,102.9毫莫耳)以及EDA(2.3毫升,34.3毫莫耳)添加至500毫升甲苯中。將該反應混合物攪拌回流1天,以EA萃取,然後減壓蒸餾。生成物以MC/己烷進行管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-8-5(15.5克,80.1%)。
將化合物C-8-5(15.5克,27.5毫莫耳)溶解於THF(250毫升)後,在-78℃將溶於己烷之2.5M之n-BuLi(17.6毫升,44毫莫耳)添加至該反應混合物,然後將該混合物攪拌1小時。將B(Oi-Pr)3(12.6毫升,55毫莫耳)緩慢添加至該混合物中,然後將該混合物攪拌2小時。藉由添加2M之HCl以使混合物淬火,以蒸餾水及EA萃取,然後以MC及己烷再結晶。得到化合物C-8-6(8.7克,60%)。
將化合物C-1-2(2.3克,9.5毫莫耳)、化合物C-8-6(6克,11.3毫莫耳)、Pd(PPh3)4(532毫克,0.46毫莫耳)以及Na2CO3(2.9克,27.6毫莫耳)溶解於甲苯(55毫升)、EtOH(14毫升)、以及蒸餾水(14毫升)後,將該反應混合物在90℃攪拌2小時,然後以蒸餾水及EA萃取。生成物以MC及己烷進行管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-87(2.4克,36.9%)。
將化合物C-2-1(16克,39.17毫莫耳)、1,4-二溴萘
(28克,97.92毫莫耳)、CuI(7.7克,40.43毫莫耳)、CsCO3(38.4克,117.86毫莫耳)以及KI(13克,78.3毫莫耳)添加至400毫升甲苯中。於其內加入乙二胺(5.12毫升,78.3毫莫耳)後,將該反應混合物攪拌回流30小時。反應完成後,將該混合物降溫至室溫以及以MC/純水萃取。濃縮該得到之有機層。生成物藉由矽膠管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-9-1(7.1克,30%)。
將化合物C-9-1(6克,9.78毫莫耳)溶解於THF(60毫升)後,在-78℃於其內添加溶於己烷之2.5M之n-BuLi(5.9毫升,14.7毫莫耳)。將該反應混合物攪拌1小時。將B(Oi-Pr)3(4.5毫升,19.6毫莫耳)緩慢添加至該混合物中,然後將該混合物攪拌12小時。反應完成後,將20毫升純水緩慢地滴加至該混合物。接下來,以MC/NH4Cl水溶液萃取該混合物。濃縮該得到之有機層,然後透過矽膠過濾以得到化合物C-9-2(4.5克,79.5%)。
在添加化合物C-9-2(4.5克,7.78毫莫耳)、化合物C-1-2(2克,8.56毫莫耳)、Na2CO3(2.5克,23.34毫莫耳)以及Pd(PPh3)4(0.45克,0.39毫莫耳)至40毫升甲苯、10毫升EtOH以及10毫升純水後,將該反應混合物在115至120℃攪拌12小時。反應完成後,將該混合物降溫至室溫。藉由重力分離自該混合物移除水層。所得之有機層在藉由矽膠管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-99(3克,52.6%)。
將化合物C-7-2(2.5克,4.73毫莫耳)、化合物C-5-3(1.7克,4.73毫莫耳)、Pd(PPh3)4(273毫克,0.24毫莫耳)以及Na2CO3(1.5克,14.2毫莫耳)溶解於甲苯(55毫升)、EtOH(14毫升)以及蒸餾水(14毫升)後,將該反應混合物在90℃攪拌2小時,然後以蒸餾水及EA萃取。生成物以MC及己烷進行管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-106(2.3克,59.7%)。
將3-溴-9-苯基-9H-咔唑(10克,31.06毫莫耳)、苯基硼酸(3.75克,31.06毫莫耳)、K2CO3(12.9克,93.18毫莫耳)以及Pd(PPh3)4(1.8克,1.55毫莫耳)溶解於150毫升甲苯、40毫升EtOH以及40毫升純水後,將該反應混合物在90至100℃攪拌3小時。反應完成後,將該混合物降溫至室溫。藉由重力分離自該混合物移除水層。所得之有機層藉由矽膠管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C11-1(6.4克,65%)。
將化合物C-11-1(6.4克,20.06毫莫耳)溶解於100毫升DMF後,於其內添加NBS(3.6克,20.06毫莫耳)。將該反應混合物攪拌3小時。反應完成後,以MC/純水萃取該混合物。生成物藉由矽膠管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-11-2(4.8克,60%)。
將化合物C-11-2(4.8克,12.06毫莫耳)溶解於THF(60毫升)後,在-78℃於其內添加溶於己烷之2.5M之n-BuLi(6.3毫升,15.68毫莫耳)。將該反應混合物攪拌1小時。將B(Oi-Pr)3(4.5克,24.12毫莫耳)緩慢添加至該混合物
中,然後該混合物攪拌12小時。反應完成後,將20毫升純水緩慢地滴加至該混合物。接下來,以MC/NH4Cl水溶液萃取該混合物。濃縮該得到之有機層,透過矽膠過濾,然後以MC/己烷結晶以得到化合物C-11-3(3克,70%)。
將3-溴-9H-咔唑(2克,8.26毫莫耳)、化合物C-11-3(3克,8.26毫莫耳)、Pd(PPh3)4(0.48克,0.4毫莫耳)以及K2CO3(3.4克,24.78毫莫耳)添加至40毫升甲苯、10毫升EtOH以及10毫升純水中。將該反應混合物在70至80℃攪拌15小時。反應完成後,藉由重力分離自該混合物移除水層。濃縮該得到之有機層。生成物藉由矽膠管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-11-4(3.2克,80%)。
在添加化合物C-11-4(3.2克,6.6毫莫耳)、碘溴苯(3.7克,13.21毫莫耳)、CuI(1.5克,7.9毫莫耳)以及K3PO4(2.8克,13.2毫莫耳)至33毫升甲苯後,於其內添加乙二胺(0.47克,7.9毫莫耳)。回流攪拌該反應混合物30小時。反應完成後,將該混合物降溫至室溫,然後以MC/純水萃取。濃縮該得到之有機層。生成物藉由矽膠管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-11-5(3.3克,80%)。
將化合物C-11-5(3.3克,5.16毫莫耳)溶解於THF(25毫升)後,在-78℃於其內添加溶於己烷之2.5M之n-BuLi(2.6毫升,6.7毫莫耳)。將該反應混合物攪拌1小時。將
B(Oi-Pr)3(1.9克,10.3毫莫耳)緩慢添加至該混合物中,然後該混合物攪拌12小時。反應完成後,將10毫升純水緩慢地滴加至該混合物。接下來,以MC/NH4Cl水溶液萃取該混合物。濃縮該得到之有機層,透過矽膠過濾,然後以MC/己烷再結晶以得到化合物C-11-6(2.5克,80%)。
在添加C-11-6(2.5克,4.14毫莫耳)、化合物C-1-2(1克,4.55毫莫耳)、Na2CO3(1.3克,12.42毫莫耳)以及Pd(PPh3)4(0.24克,0.2毫莫耳)至20毫升甲苯、5毫升EtOH以及5毫升純水後,將該反應混合物在115至120℃攪拌12小時。反應完成後,將該混合物降溫至室溫。藉由重力分離自該混合物移除水層。所得之有機層藉由矽膠管柱層析純化後,得到化合物C-109(2.2克,70%)。
化合物C-1、C-5、C-6、C-10、C-11、C-18、C-52、C-68、C-95、C-103以及C-120至C125係藉由進行製備例1至11之方法製備。所製備之所有化合物的物理化學性質係顯示於下表1中。
使用超音波依序以三氯乙烯、丙酮、乙醇以及蒸餾水清洗用於有機發光二極體(OLED)裝置(Samsung Corning,大韓民國)之玻璃基材上的透明電極銦錫氣化物(ITO)薄膜(15Ω/sq),然後儲存在異丙醇中。之後,將該ITO基材裝設在真空氣相沉積裝置之基板夾持器中。將N1-(萘-1-基)-N4,N4-二苯基苯-1,4-二胺導入該真空氣相沉積裝置之小室(cell)中,然後控制該裝置之腔室之壓力達10-6托耳(torr)。之後,對該小室施加電流以蒸發上述導入之材料,藉以於該ITO基材上形成具有60nm厚度之電洞注入層。之後,將N,N’-二(4-聯苯基)-N,N’-二(4-聯苯基)-4,4’-二胺基聯苯導入該真空氣相沉積裝置之另一個小室,以及藉由對該小室施加電流使之蒸發,藉以於該電洞注入層上形成具有20nm厚度之電洞傳輸層。之後,將化合物C-1導入該真空氣相沉積裝置之一個小室中作為主體材料,以及將化合物D-7導入另一小室作為摻雜劑。將該兩種材料以不同速率蒸發以及以4至20wt%之摻雜量沉積,以於該電洞傳輸層上形成具有30nm厚度之發光層。之後,將9,10-二(1-萘基)-2-(4-苯基-1-苯基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑)蒽導入一個小室以及將8-羥基喹啉鋰(lithium quinolate)導入另一個小室中。將該兩種材料以不同速率蒸發以及以30至70wt%之摻雜量沉積,以於該發光層上形成具有30nm厚度之電子傳輸層。之後,在沉積具有1至2nm厚度之8-羥基
喹啉鋰作為該電子傳輸層上的電子注入層後,藉由另一個真空氣相沉積裝置將具有150nm厚度之Al陰極沉積在該電子注入層上。因而,製得OLED裝置。用於製造該OLED裝置之所有材料皆係已藉由10-6torr下真空昇華而純化。
該製得之OLED裝置在驅動電壓4.3V以及電流密度為7.5毫安培(mA)/平方公分(cm2)下顯示具有亮度為1,020燭光(cd)/平方公尺(m2)之紅光發光。此外,從亮度5,000輝度(nit)減少至90%亮度之最小時間係140小時。
OLED裝置使用與實施例1相同之方式製備,除了改成使用下表2之主體材料以及摻雜劑。
使用與實施例1相同之方式製備OLED裝置,除了沉積在該電洞傳輸層具有30 nm厚度發光層係改成使用4,4’-N,N’-二咔唑-聯苯(CBP)作為主體材料以及(piq)2Ir(acac)[雙-(1-苯基異喹啉)銥(III)乙醯丙酮]作為摻雜劑以及藉由使用雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉基)-4-苯基酚鋁(III)沉積具有10 nm厚度之電洞阻擋層。
該製得之OLED裝置在驅動電壓5.5V以及電流密度為12.5 mA/cm2下顯示具有亮度1,000 cd/m2之紅光發光。此外,亮度5,000 nit減少至90%亮度之最小時間係15小時。
實施例以及比較例之結果係列於表2。
如表2所示,本發明之有機電場發光化合物相較於傳統之電場發光化合物具有優越之性質,且因此提供具有高發光效率以及長操作壽命,以及需要低驅動電壓(改善功率效率以及功率損耗)之有機電場發光裝置。
Claims (5)
- 一種下式1表示之有機電場發光化合物:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機電場發光化合物,其特徵為L1表示單鍵、或者是經取代或未經取代之(C6-C12)伸芳基;以及Y表示-NR13-,其中,R13表示經取代或未經取代之(C6-C12)芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機電場發光化合物,其特徵為 *-Ar1-Ar2係選自下列結構:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機電場發光化合物,其特徵為該化合物係選自下列所組成之群組:
- 一種有機電場發光裝置,包括申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機電場發光化合物。
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- 2012-03-08 CN CN201410668025.9A patent/CN104447709A/zh active Pending
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US20140107338A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
JP2014513064A (ja) | 2014-05-29 |
JP2016145225A (ja) | 2016-08-12 |
EP2683712A4 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
WO2012121561A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
CN104447709A (zh) | 2015-03-25 |
US20150171346A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
TW201726663A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
EP2683712A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
CN103502243B (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
TWI636050B (zh) | 2018-09-21 |
CN103502243A (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
JP5903448B2 (ja) | 2016-04-13 |
TW201238962A (en) | 2012-10-01 |
KR101427611B1 (ko) | 2014-08-11 |
KR20120102374A (ko) | 2012-09-18 |
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