TWI536558B - 碳化矽基板、半導體裝置及soi晶圓 - Google Patents
碳化矽基板、半導體裝置及soi晶圓 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 77
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 119
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 118
- UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#C UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 118
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/16—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L29/1608—Silicon carbide
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- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
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Description
本發明係關於碳化矽基板、半導體裝置及SOI晶圓,特別是關於搭載在高頻區域動作之半導體元件用之碳化矽基板及使用其之半導體裝置與SOI晶圓。
以往以來,行動電話及各種通訊機器等之電子裝置,係使用在高頻區域動作之半導體元件,作為構裝此種半導體元件用之基板材料,有各種之介電質陶瓷被提出。
此等之介電質陶瓷中,特別是作為兼具高機械強度與穩定的化學特性者,以碳化矽為所知悉,以往的機械零件等所被使用的碳化矽,其高頻區域中之損失大,並不適合為搭載高頻用的半導體元件之材料。
因此,例如於專利文獻1,揭示有由藉由加上熱處理等,使高頻區域中之損失降低的多結晶碳化矽所形成之碳化矽基板。
[專利文獻1] 日本專利特開2009-260117號公報
如使用此種碳化矽基板,藉由於碳化矽基板的表面上搭載半導體元件,或於碳化矽基板之上介由絕緣膜形成矽層後,介由使用此矽層來形成元件,可以製作高頻損失少之半導體裝置。
但是,專利文獻1所揭示之碳化矽基板,並非高熱傳導率者,如搭載發熱量大的半導體元件,有無法充分地進行散熱之虞。
另外,專利文獻1所揭示的碳化矽基板,雖然具有高絕緣性,但如上述般,並非高熱傳導率者,在絕緣性及熱傳導性之雙方被要求優異特性的情形,並不適合。
本發明係為了解決此種以往之問題點所完成者,目的在於提供高頻損失少,且顯示優異散熱性之碳化矽基板。
另外,本發明之目的在於提供:顯示優異的絕緣性與散熱性之碳化矽基板。
進而,本發明之目的在於提供:使用此種碳化矽基板之半導體裝置及SOI晶圓。
關於本發明之第1碳化矽基板,係具備:由多結晶碳化矽所形成之第1層、及由形成於第1層的表面上之多結晶碳化矽所形成之第2層,第2層係具有比第1層小之高頻損失,且第1層係具有比第2層大的熱傳導率。
第2層表面側中之頻率20GHz之高頻損失,以2dB/mm以下、熱傳導率為200W/mK以上為佳。
另外,第2層,以具有碳化矽基板之全厚的20%以下、且10μm以上之厚度為佳。
關於本發明之第2碳化矽基板,具備:由多結晶碳化矽所形成之第1層、及由形成於第1層的表面上之多結晶碳化矽所形成之第2層,第2層係具有比第1層大之比電阻,第1層具有比第2層大之熱傳導率。
第2層之表面側中之比電阻,為104Ω cm以上、且熱傳導率為200W/mK以上為佳。
於此等第1碳化矽基板及第2碳化矽基板中,第1層係於含有氮氣之環境中藉由CVD法所形成,第2層係於不含有氮氣之環境中藉由CVD法所形成。
關於本發明之半導體裝置,係具備:上述之碳化矽基板、及被接合於碳化矽基板之第2層的表面上之半導體元件。
另外,關於本發明之SOI晶圓,係具備:上述之碳化矽基板、及形成於碳化矽基板的第2層之表面上的絕緣層、及形成於絕緣層之表面上的矽層。
如依據本發明,具備個別由多結晶碳化矽所形成之第1層及第2層,第2層係具有比第1層小的高頻損失,第1層係具有比第2層大的熱傳導率,可以獲得高頻損失少、且顯示優異的散熱性之碳化矽基板。
以下,依據所附圖面來說明本發明之實施型態。
實施型態1
第1圖係表示關於實施型態1之碳化矽基板S。碳化矽基板S係具有由:厚度D1之第1碳化矽層1、及形成於第1碳化矽層1的表面上之厚度D2的第2碳化矽層2所形成的2層構造。此等第1碳化矽層1及第2碳化矽層2,都是由多結晶碳化矽所形成,第2碳化矽層2係具有比第1碳化矽層1小的高頻損失,第1碳化矽層1係具有於厚度方向比第2碳化矽層2大的熱傳導率。
例如,相對於第1碳化矽層1之熱傳導率為260W/mK,第2碳化矽層2之熱傳導率為約100W/mK。
另外,頻率20GHz中之高頻損失,相對於第1碳化矽層1為具有約50dB/mm大之值,第2碳化矽層2具有1.4~1.5dB/mm程度之極小的值。
進而,第2碳化矽層2具有104Ω cm以上的比電阻。
藉由形成由此等第1碳化矽層1與第2碳化矽層2所形成的2層構造,碳化矽基板S在第2碳化矽層2的表面側中之高頻20GHz之高頻損失,具有2dB/mm以下之值,具有於厚度方向為200W/mK以上的熱傳導率。另外,碳化矽基板S,作為第2碳化矽層2的表面側中之比電阻,為具有104Ω cm以上的值。
此種碳化矽基板S,可以如下述般製作。
首先,將石墨基材保持於CVD裝置內,將CVD裝置內的壓力設定為例如1.3kPa,和載體氣體之氫氣一同地,以體積比5~20%對CVD裝置內供給成為碳化矽之原料氣體的SiCl4、C3H8等,進而,供給對於此等原料氣體之體積比0.5~2.5%之氮氣,例如,藉由加熱至1000~1600℃之溫度,使於石墨基材的上面、下面及側面只成長特定厚度之碳化矽。此碳化矽係形成第1碳化矽層1。
接著,將CVD裝置內一旦予以排氣後,不對CVD裝置內供給氮氣之外,和上述之第1碳化矽層1的形成方法相同地,使於第1碳化矽層1的表面上成長碳化矽,形成第2碳化矽層2。
例如使用鑽石磨料將如此形成的第2碳化矽層2的表面予以機械研磨後,藉由研磨去除形成於石墨基材的側面上之碳化矽,於石墨基材的上面及下面個別殘留第1碳化矽層1與第2碳化矽層2之2層構造,石墨基材的側面成為露出的狀態。
之後,在氧氣環境中,藉由將石墨基材加熱至溫度900~1400℃,將石墨基材燃燒去除。藉此,獲得2片之碳化矽基板S。
另外,作為碳化矽之原料氣體,可以使用:SiH4/CH4、SiH4/C2H4、SiH4/C3H8、SiCl4/CCl4、SiCl4/CH4、CH3SiCl3、(CH3)2SiCl2。
另外,於上述之方法中,供給氮氣形成第1碳化矽層1之後,不供給氮氣,於第1碳化矽層1的表面上形成第2碳化矽層2,但也可以和此相反,首先,以不供給氮氣之條件,形成第2碳化矽層2,之後,供給氮氣,於第2碳化矽層2的表面上形成第1碳化矽層1。
此等第1碳化矽層1之形成與第2碳化矽層2之形成,可以變更關於氮氣供給之條件而連續地進行,或以個別獨立的另外工程來進行。
此處,將由第1碳化矽層1與第2碳化矽層2之2層構造所形成之碳化矽基板S的全厚Dt設為500μm之另一面,製作使第2碳化矽層2的厚度D2有種種改變之複數個碳化矽基板S,將對於個別之碳化矽基板S,測量第2碳化矽層2之表面側中之頻率20GHz之高頻損失的結果表示於第2圖。
第2碳化矽層2之厚度D2,在比10μm程度小的情形,可知此厚度D2愈接近0,第2碳化矽層2的表面側中之高頻損失的值,愈急遽增加。此被認為係起因於第2碳化矽層2很薄,高頻的影響,不單是表面層之第2碳化矽層2,也及於位於第2碳化矽層2的下側之第1碳化矽層1。
相對於此,第2碳化矽層2的厚度D2如在10μm以上時,第2碳化矽層2的表面側中之高頻損失,顯示2dB/mm以下之小的值,此厚度D2即使大到接近500μm,第2碳化矽層2的表面側中之高頻損失,也穩定在1.4~1.5dB/mm。
依據本發明者等之發現,在頻率20GHz中,如是顯示2.0dB/mm以下之高頻損失的基板,在構裝於高頻區域動作的半導體元件,實用上沒有問題。因此,第2碳化矽層2的厚度D2,以10μm以上為佳。
另外,於第3圖表示例如將第1碳化矽層1之熱傳導率設為264W/mK、第2碳化矽層2之熱傳導率設為約105W/mK,碳化矽基板S之全厚Dt設為1650μm之情形時之第2碳化矽層2的厚度D2與厚度方向中之碳化矽基板S全體的熱傳導率之關係。
第2碳化矽層2之厚度D2愈小時,碳化矽基板S全體之熱傳導率愈增加。
本發明者等發現,只要基板的熱傳導率在200W/mK以上,即使構裝在高頻區域動作的半導體元件,也可以發揮足夠的散熱作用。
因此,由第3圖之曲線,來求得對應熱傳導率200W/mK之第2碳化矽層2的厚度D2時,約為350μm,第2碳化矽層2之厚度D2如在約350μm以下,碳化矽基板S的熱傳導率具有200W/mK以上的值。但是此厚度D2=約350μm,係對於碳化矽基板S之全厚Dt=1650μm所求得之值,如碳化矽基板S的全厚Dt改變,對應熱傳導率200W/mK之第2碳化矽層2的厚度D2也改變。第1碳化矽層1與第2碳化矽層2之熱傳導率如個別決定,則碳化矽基板S之熱傳導率,係藉由第2碳化矽層2的厚度D2對碳化矽基板S之全厚Dt的比率來決定。厚度D2=350μm對於全厚Dt=1650μm之比率,約20%。
因此,為了讓碳化矽基板S具有200W/mK以上的熱傳導率,第2碳化矽層2的厚度D2,以在碳化矽基板S的全厚Dt的20%以下為佳。
即如考慮高頻損失及散熱性之雙方,將第2碳化矽層2的厚度D2設定在碳化矽基板S的全厚Dt的20%以下且為10 μm以上為合適。
實施型態2
第4圖係表示關於實施型態2之半導體裝置的構造。此半導體裝置係半導體元件3被接合於實施型態1所示之碳化矽基板S的第2碳化矽層2的表面上者。半導體元件3係藉由銅銲等被接合於第2碳化矽層2的表面上。另外,也可以於第2碳化矽層2的表面上形成特定的導電圖案,利用銲錫於導電圖案之上接合半導體元件3。
如依據如此構成之半導體裝置,則碳化矽基板S在半導體元件3的構裝面之第2碳化矽層2的表面側中,具有在頻率20GHz為2dB/mm以下之小的高頻損失,及200W/mK以上的熱傳導率,即使是半導體元件3為在高頻區域動作的元件,也可以進行可靠性高、穩定的動作。
另外,碳化矽基板S在第2碳化矽層2的表面側中,具有104Ω cm以上的高比電阻,即使使用半導體元件3構成被要求優異的絕緣性之電路,也可以確保穩定的動作。
實施型態3
第5圖係表示關於實施型態3之SOI(Silicon on Insulator:絕緣層覆矽)晶圓的構造。SOI晶圓,係於實施型態1所示之碳化矽基板S的第2碳化矽層2的表面上形成有SiO2等之絕緣層4之同時,且於絕緣層4的表面上形成有矽層5者。利用矽層5形成電路元件。
於此SOI晶圓中,碳化矽基板S在第2碳化矽層2的表面側,也具有於頻率20GHz為2dB/mm以下之小的高頻損失,及200W/mK以上的熱傳導率,利用矽層5來形成在高頻區域動作的元件,也得以實現可靠性高、能進行穩定動作的裝置。
另外,碳化矽基板S在第2碳化矽層2的表面側中,具有104Ω cm以上的高比電阻,即使利用矽層5來構成被要求優異絕緣性的電路,也可以高可靠性、穩定的動作。
此外,於實施型態1所示之碳化矽基板S形成高頻傳送線路,來製作處理微波、毫米波等訊號用之高頻用配線基板。藉由碳化矽基板S之存在,可以獲得使高頻訊號的傳送損失變小之高頻用配線基板。
1...第1碳化矽層
2...第2碳化矽層
3...半導體元件
4...絕緣層
5...矽層
S...碳化矽基板
第1圖係表示關於本發明之實施型態1之碳化矽基板的剖面圖。
第2圖係表示第2碳化矽層之厚度與碳化矽基板全體的高頻損失之關係曲線圖。
第3圖係表示第2碳化矽層的厚度與碳化矽基板全體的熱傳導率之關係曲線圖。
第4圖係表示關於實施型態2之半導體裝置的剖面圖。
第5圖係表示關於實施型態3之SOI晶圓的剖面圖。
1...第1碳化矽層
2...第2碳化矽層
D1...第1碳化矽層之厚度
D2...第2碳化矽層之厚度
Dt...碳化矽基板S的全厚
S...碳化矽基板
Claims (8)
- 一種碳化矽基板,其特徵為具備:由多結晶碳化矽所形成之第1層、及由形成於前述第1層的表面上之多結晶碳化矽所形成之第2層,前述第2層具有比前述第1層小之高頻損失並且具有前述碳化矽基板之全厚的20%以下、且10μm以上之厚度,前述第1層具有比前述第2層大的熱傳導率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所記載之碳化矽基板,其中,前述第2層之表面側在頻率20GHz的高頻損失為2dB/mm以下,熱傳導率為200W/mK以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所記載之碳化矽基板,其中,前述第1層係於含有氮氣之環境中藉由CVD法所形成,前述第2層係於不含有氮氣之環境中藉由CVD法所形成。
- 一種碳化矽基板,其特徵為具備:由多結晶碳化矽所形成之第1層、及由形成於前述第1層的表面上之多結晶碳化矽所形成之第2層,前述第2層具有比前述第1層大之比電阻並且具有前述碳化矽基板之全厚的20%以下、且10μm以上之厚度,前述第1層具有比前述第2層大之熱傳導率。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所記載之碳化矽基板,其中,前述第2層之表面側之比電阻為104Ωcm以上,且熱傳 導率為200W/mK以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第4或5項所記載之碳化矽基板,其中,前述第1層係於含有氮氣之環境中藉由CVD法所形成,前述第2層係於不含有氮氣之環境中藉由CVD法所形成。
- 一種半導體裝置,其特徵為具備:如申請專利範圍第1至6項中之任一項所記載之碳化矽基板、及被接合於前述碳化矽基板之前述第2層的表面上之半導體元件。
- 一種SOI晶圓,其特徵為具備:如申請專利範圍第1至6項中之任一項所記載之碳化矽基板、及形成於前述碳化矽基板之前述第2層的表面上之絕緣層、及形成於前述絕緣層之表面上的矽層。
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