TWI343728B - Frequency division multiple access schemes for wireless communication - Google Patents
Frequency division multiple access schemes for wireless communication Download PDFInfo
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- TWI343728B TWI343728B TW095142631A TW95142631A TWI343728B TW I343728 B TWI343728 B TW I343728B TW 095142631 A TW095142631 A TW 095142631A TW 95142631 A TW95142631 A TW 95142631A TW I343728 B TWI343728 B TW I343728B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2621—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using frequency division multiple access [FDMA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/0003—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2602—Signal structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2602—Signal structure
- H04L27/2605—Symbol extensions, e.g. Zero Tail, Unique Word [UW]
- H04L27/2607—Cyclic extensions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2614—Peak power aspects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
- H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
- H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
- H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
Description
1343728 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明概言之係關於通信,且更具體而言係關於用於在 一無線通信系統中傳輸資料之技術。 【先前技術】 正交分頻多工(OFDM)係一種多載波多工方案,其將一 頻帶(例如系統頻寬)劃分成多(K)個正交副頻帶。該等副頻 帶亦稱作音調(tone)、副載波、單位頻寬位置等等。對於 OFDM而言,每一副頻帶皆與一可使用資料來獨立調變之 相應副載波相關聯。 OFDM具有某些合乎吾人期望之特徵,例如具有高的頻 譜效率且具有抗多路徑效應之健壯性。然而,OFDM的一 主要缺點在於具有高的峰值對平均功率比(PAPR),此意謂 著OFDM波形之峰值功率對平均功率之比可能偏高。 OFDM波形之高PAPR係因在以資料來獨立地調變各副載波 時所有副載波可能會同相相加而引起。事實上,可以證 明,OFDM之峰值功率可高於平均功率多達K倍。 OFDM波形之高PAPR係非吾人所期望的並可使效能降 格。舉例而言,OFDM波形中較大之峰值可導致功率放大 器在一高度非線性之區域中運作或者可能削波,此又將造 成互調失真及其他可使信號品質降格之假像。而信號品質 降格可能會不利地影響通道估計、資料偵測等等之效能。 因此,在此項技術中需要提供用於以一種能獲得較佳效 能且避免出現高PAPR之方式來傳輸資料之技術。 116326.doc 1343728 【發明内容】 本文闡述用於使用單載波分頻多向近接(SCFDM A)多工 方案來傳輸資料以獲得較佳效能及低的PAPR之技術。在 一態樣中,在相互偏移之若干組相鄰副頻帶上發送資料以 獲得頻率为集。為一終端機指配一第一組N個相鄰副頻 帶,該第一組N個相鄰副頻帶相對於指配給另一終端機的 一第二組N個相鄰副頻帶偏移小於]^個(例如N/2)個副頻 帶。該等終端機可處於相同或不同之扇區中。該第一組副 頻帶部分地交疊於該第二組副頻帶。藉由在該第一組副頻 帶上在時域中發送之調變符號來產生一傳輪符號。該傳輸 符號僅於在第一組與第二組中所共用之副頻帶上自另一終 端機觀測到干擾。 在另一態樣中,使用多載波SC-FDMA來獲得頻率分 集、干擾分集及可能其他優點。為產生一多載波傳輸符 號’產生在多組副頻帶上載送調變符號之多個波形。每一 組皆可包括相鄰副頻帶或者分佈於整個系統頻帶上之副頻 帶。預處理該多個波形(例如循環延遲不同之量)以獲得經 預處理之波形’將該等預處理之波形相組合(例如相加)以 獲得一複合波形。對該複合波形附加一循環首碼以產生多 載波傳輸符號》 本發明之各態樣及實施例將在下文中進一步詳述。 【實施方式】 在本文中實例性••一詞用於意指”用作一實例、例子 或例解"。本文中描述為"實例性"之任一實施例或設計皆 116326.doc 1343728 未必應視為較其他實施例或設計為佳或有利β 圖1顯示一具有多個基地台110及多個終端機12〇之無線 通信系統100。基地台通常係一用於與該等終端機進行通 信之固定台’且亦可稱作存取點、節點Β或某個其它術 語《每一基地台110皆為一特定地理區域1〇2提供通信覆 蓋。端視使用該術語之上下文而定,術語"小區"可指一基 地台及/或其覆蓋區域。為提高系統容量,可將一基地台 之覆蓋區域劃分成多個更小之區域,例如三個更小之區: 104a、祕及’。每一更小之區域皆由一相應基地收發 機子系統(BTS)服務。端視使用該術語之上下文而定,術 語"扇區"可指代-BTS及/或其覆蓋範圍。料一扇區化小 區而言,該小區中所有扇區之BTS通常共同位於該小區之 基地台内。 :端機m通常分散於整個系統中,且每一終端機可係 固定或可行動。終端機亦可稱作行動台、使用者設備或某 些其他術語。終端機可係無線裝置、蜂巢式電話、個人數 位助理(PDA)、無線數據機等卜每―終端機皆可在任何 既定_在正向及反向鏈路上與—個或可能多個基地台進 灯通b正向鍵路(或下行鍵路)係指自基地台至終端機之 =鏈路’反向鏈路(或上行鍵路)則係指自終端機至基地 Si:信鍵路。在下文說明中’術語,,終端機"與,·使用者" =0於並—/中式架構而言,—系統控制器1购合至基地 。、為該等基地台提供協調及控制β對於分佈式架構 116326.doc 1343728 而言,基地台可根據需要來相互通信。 系統100可利用SC-FDMA、正交分頻多向近接 (OFDMA)、及/或某種其他多工方案。SC-FDMA包括: (1) LFDMA,其在一相鄰副頻帶群組上傳輸資料; (2) IFDMA,其在分佈於整個系統頻寬上之副頻帶上傳輸 資料;(3)增強的FDMA(EFDMA),其在多個相鄰副頻帶群 組上傳輸資料;(4)多載波SC-FDMA,其在多組副頻帶上 傳輸資料,或者(5)SC-FDMA之其他變體。LFDMA亦稱作 窄頻帶FDMA、傳統FDMA及FDMA。IFDMA亦稱作分佈式 FDMA。OFDMA係利用OFDM。一般而言,藉由SC-FDMA 在時域中及藉由OFDM在頻域中發送調變符號。 一般而言,系統1〇〇可對正向及反向鏈路利用一種或多 種多工方案。舉例而言,系統100可(1)對正向鏈路與反向 鏈路二者利用SC-FDMA(例如LFDMA),(2)對其中一條鍵
I 路利用SC-FDMA的一種型式(例如LFDMA)並對另一鍵路 使用SC-FDMA之另一種型式(例如IFDMA),(3)對反向鍵 路利用SC-FDMA並對正向鏈路利用OFDMA,或者利用 多工方案之某種其他組合。可對每一鏈路利用sc_ FDMA、OFDMA、某種其他多工方案、或者其—組合來達 成所需之效能。舉例而言,可對一既定鍵路使用§(^ FDMA及OFDMA,其中對某些副頻帶使用SC-FDMA並對 其他副頻帶使用OFDMA。較佳可在反向鏈路上使用sc_ FDMA來獲得變低之PAPR並放寬對終端機功率放大器之$ 求。較佳可在正向鏈路上使用OFDMA來潛在地獲得更高 116326.doc 1343728 之系統容量。 圖2Α顯示一種用於LFDMA之實例性副頻帶結構2〇〇。總 系統頻寬BW MHz被劃分成多(K)個帶有索引1至艮之正交 副頻帶,其中K可為任意整數值但通常為2的幂。為簡明起 見,在下文說明中假定所有N個全部副頻帶皆用於傳輸。 各相鄰副頻帶之間的間距係B W/K MHz。在副頻帶結構2〇〇 中,將該κ個全部副頻帶排列成s個不相交疊之群組。該s
個群組之所以不相交疊或不相交,係因為該κ個副頻帶中 之每一個皆僅屬於一個群組。每一群組皆包含N個相鄰副 頻帶,且群組g包含副頻帶至g.N,其中尺=8以且 geU,…,S} 〇 圖2B顯示一種用於IFDMA之實例性副頻帶結構2丨〇。在 副頻帶結構21()中,將該K個全部副頻帶排列成_不相交
疊之交錯(interlace)。每一交錯皆包含^^個均勻分佈於該K 個全部副頻帶中之副頻帶’且每一交錯,之連續副頻帶皆
間隔S個副頻帶。交錯M包含副頻帶“作為第一副頻帶,立 中 K=S.NxKe{1,…,S}。 ’、 一用於EFDMA之實例性副頻帶結構可定義如下。Μ個 =副頻帶排列成s個不相交叠之組。每一組皆包含L個相 間隔P個副頻帶之蘇έ > 群,.且且母—群組皆包含Μ個相鄰副頻 一 ” tP~K/L。每-組皆包含總共n=l關副頻帶,該 :個相帶排列成[個由M個相鄰副頻帶構成之群组, 般而言 等副頻帶群組均勾地分佈於系統頻寬中 副頻帶結構可包括任意數量不相交疊之副 I I6326.doc •10- 1343728 頻帶組《每一副頻帶組皆可包含任意數量之副頻帶及該κ 個全部副頻帶中之任一副頻帶。各副頻帶組可包含相同或 不同數量之副頻帶。對於每一組,該組中之副頻帶可如在 圖2Α中所示相互毗鄰、如在圖2Β中所示均勻地分佈於系 統頻寬中、不均勻地分佈於系統頻寬中、或者排列成多個 均勻或不均勻地分佈於系統頻寬中之群組。舉例而言每 一副頻帶組皆可對應於囷2Α中的一副頻帶群組、圖⑶中
的一交錯、或者上文所述用於EFDMA副頻帶結構之多個 副頻帶群組。此外,N、s、L&M既可為也可不為κ之整 除數。不1¾之使用者可指配有不0之副頻#組並將因而相 互正交。 圖3A顯示一用於為一副頻帶組(例如一副頻帶群組或一 交錯)產生一傳輸符號之過程3〇〇。為清楚起見,圖3八顯示 一具有K=32個全部副頻帶、在每一組中具有N=8個副頻帶 且循環首碼長度C=2之簡單情形。
將一要在一個副頻帶組上在一個符號週期中傳輸之由n 個調變符號構成之原始序列表示為,,…(方塊 310)。使用一N點離散傅立葉變換(DFT)或一 N點快速傅立 葉變換(FFT)將序列{4}變換至頻域,以獲得一由N個頻域 值構成之序列= (方塊312)。將該N個頻域值 映射至該用於傳輸之組中之該1^個副頻帶。該N個所指配 之副頻帶之索引為U+1、u+2、 …、U+N,其中U係該等所 指配之副頻帶之一起始偏移量,且對於圖3A中所示之實例 而ρϋ 8將零值映射至其餘Κ-Ν個副頻帶以產生一由κ個 116326.doc -11 - 1343728 值構成之序列{ (方塊3丨4)。然後使用一 κ點離散傅立葉 逆變換(IDFT)或- κ點快速傅立葉逆變換(1附)將序列⑻ 變換至時域,以獲得—由κ個時域輸出樣本構成之序列⑹ 一其亦稱作一 SC-FDMA波形(方塊316)。 將序列{乂}中之最末C個輸出樣本複製至該序列之起始 處,以形成一包含κ+c個輸出樣本之傳輸符號(方塊318)。 • 該C個所複製之輸出樣本常常稱作循環首碼或者防護間 隔’且C係循環首妈長度。循環前綴用於克服因頻率選擇 性衰落(其係一在整個系統頻寬内變化之頻率響應)所致之 符號間干擾(ISI)。在Κ+C個樣本週期中傳輸該傳輸符號中 之Κ+c個輸出樣本,其中在每一樣本週期令傳輸一個輸出 • 樣本。樣本週期係一個傳輸符號之持續時間且等於Κ+c個 樣本週期。樣本週期亦稱作碼片週期。 圖3B顯示另-用於為一副頻帶組產生一傳輸符號之過程 350。為清楚起見,圖3B還顯示一其中κ=32、且^2 • 之簡單情形。將一要在一個副頻帶組上在-個符號週期中 傳輸之由N個調變符號構成之原始序列表示為 {dj-{dvd2<丨(方塊360)。將該>^個調變符號映射至一具 有總共K個樣本位置之序列,該總共尺個樣本位置帶有 -索引1至K(方塊362)。該^^個調變符號映射至序列^^中^ 個間距均等之樣本位置i、s、2S、…、(n]》s,均句分佈 ;序列令,並間隔S個樣本位置。將零值映射至中 之K-N個其餘樣本位置。 然後使用一K點DFT/FFT將序列{〜}變換至頻域,以獲 116326.doc -12· 1343728 得一由K個頻域值構成之序列{Xfc}(方塊364)。保留對應於 索引為U+1至U+N之N個所指配副頻帶之N個頻域值,並將 其餘K-N個未指配之副頻帶填零以形成一由K個值構成之 序列{△}(方塊366)。然後使用一 K點IDFT/IFFT將序列{h} 變換至時域,以獲得一由K個時域樣本構成之序列(方 塊368)。將序列{>;„}中之最末C個輸出樣本複製至該序列 之起始處,以形成一包含K+C個輸出樣本之傳輸符號(方塊 370)。
過程300亦可用於為IFDMA及EFDMA產生傳輸符號。將 序列中之該N個頻域值映射至該n個所指配副頻帶, 該N個所指配副頻帶可用於ifdMA中一交錯或者EFDMA中 之多個田|丨頻帶群組。亦可按其他方式產生用於Lfdma、 IFDMA及EFDMA之傳輸符號。 可如在圖2A中所示為LFDMA定義S個副頻帶,且相鄰近 之扇區可使用相同之s個副頻帶組。對於此種LFDMA方案
而言,一扇區中指配有副頻帶組5之使用者…會觀測到來 自一鄰近扇區中指配有同一副頻帶組^之另一使用者h之 干擾。此夕卜,使帛者〜在組5中之所有關副頻帶上觀測2到 來自使用者m2之干擾。 一一…研▼組,儿馬相鄰 近之扇以義不同之副頻帶組。可將該等副頻帶組定義成 使-既定扇區之一副頻帶組可部分地但不完全地交叠於一 鄰近扇區之—副頻帶組。因H定扇區中不會有任何 副頻帶組包含一鄰近扇區中 r任剎頻帶組中之所有副頻 116326.doc -13· 1343728 帶在該LFDMA方案中’一扇區中—指配有副頻帶組方之 使用者可能會在組,中之某些但非所有副頻帶上觀測到 來自鄰近扇區中另-使用者W2之干擾。該lfdma方案提 供干擾分集’ 75因使用者…並未在指配給使用者“丨之所有 副頻帶中觀測到來自另一扇區中單個使用者之干擾。 圖4顯示可提供干擾分集之實例性LFDM A副頻帶結構 彻。為簡明起見,圖個扇區中之每—個扇區僅顯示 一個副頻帶組1,其中R可為任意整數值。對於每一扇區 4其中^{1,,..,11乃,副頻帶組1皆包含副頻帶(^+1至(^+^、 副頻帶組2皆包含副頻帶Q,·+N+1至Qί+2N、依此類推,且 副頻帶組s皆可包含副頻帶1至(^.及副頻帶q,+(s_1) n+i至 K,其中Q,.可為介於〇與N-丨之間的任意整數值。對於每一 扇區/,該S個副頻帶組皆為圖2A中所示3個副頻帶群組之 偏移型式。最末副頻帶組可包含處於一個或兩個帶邊緣處 之副頻帶。 可為該R個扇區指配R個不同之偏移量,從而使 Qi爹Q2…关QN。一既定扇區之每一副頻帶組可因而包含一鄰 近扇區之任一副頻帶組中之某些但非所有副頻帶。作為一 實例,對於R=2,可將該兩個扇區之偏移量界定為Qi=〇及 Q2=N/2。其t 一個扇區之各副頻帶組因而相對於另一扇區 之各副頻帶組偏移N/2個副頻帶,且該兩個扇區之任兩個 副頻帶組交疊至多N/2個副頻帶。作為另一實例,對於 R=4,可將該四個扇區之偏移量界定為qi=〇、q2=n/4、 Q3=N/2及Q4=3N/4。任兩個扇區之任兩個副頻帶組將因而 U6326.doc 14 1343728 交叠至多3NM個副頻帶。對於R之任—既定值,每一扇區 収中卜之偏移量可界定為q =L(i_l)圳,其中,,w,, 係一弱取整算子,其得出等於或小心之最大整數值。- 般而言,該R個扇區之偏移量可為任意值且無需為2的冪或 者均勻地相間。 對於副頻帶結構400,扇區i中一指配有副頻帶組〗之使 用者…將分別與扇區2至R中指配有副頻帶組丨之使用者々a 至《Ra部分地交疊。使用者Ml將因而在使用者心與每一使用 者Wa至《Ra共享之副頻帶上觀測到干擾。使用者…亦將與 扇區2中指配有副頻帶!至A之使用者w2b、扇區3中指配有 副頻帶1至Q3之使用者々b、依此類推、扇區R中指配有副 頻帶1至Qr之使用者MRb部分地交疊。使用者…亦將在該等 副頻帶上觀測到來自使用者至WRb之干擾。使用者…可 因此觀測到來自每一鄰近扇區中兩個使用者之干擾。 副頻帶結構400亦可用於為單個扇區支援准正交多工。 可為該扇區界定多個通道組。每一通道組z•可包括s個以一 不同之偏移量Q,形成之副頻帶組。一既定通道組之副頻帶 組v將因而與每一其他通道組之副頻帶組v部分地交疊。可 首先將通道組1中之S個副頻帶組指配給使用者,然後若有 必要’可將通道組2中之S個副頻帶組指配給使用者,依此 類推。藉由准正交多工,同一扇區中之多個使用者可共享 一既定副頻帶。該等相交疊之使用者之傳輸將相互干擾並 可使用接收機空間處理技術來分離。對於副頻帶結構 400 ’ 一既定通道組中的一使用者觀測到來自其他通道組 116326.doc 1343728 中更多使用者之干擾,此會提供干擾分集。 -具有偏移量Q,之副頻帶組之傳輸符號可使用圖3Α,之 過程300、圖3B中之過程35〇、或者某種其他構造過程來產 生。對於過程300,可將序列叫中之該關頻域值直接映 射至該N個所指配副頻帶。對於過程350,可保留序列{心} 中對應於該N個所指配副頻帶之關頻域值,並將其餘副 頻帶填充以0以獲得序列⑹。當所指配副頻帶之起始偏 移篁Μ N之整數倍時’過程3GG及過程35G提供相同之輸 w 出序列bM。 當U不為N之整數倍時(若非零值,即為如此),由 過程350所提供之輸出序列{n}相似於但不完全相同於由 過程300所提供之輸出序列如在圖3B中所示,序列 队}在頻域_呈週期性,週期為N。當u係N之整數倍時, 序列{&}以與序列{Ζ)λ}相同之次序包含頻域值π〗,, %}。然而,當U不為Ν之整數倍時,序列{心}包含序列 • {如中該_頻域值的一不同排序。舉例而言,若對於副 頻帶組1,Q产Ν/2且υ=Ν/2,則序列%包含,…, 卜一接收機將處理一所接收傳輸符號以獲 付{/>N/2+丨’Z)N,D!,…,Z)N/2}之估計值並將該等估計值重 ’ 新排序以獲得…,&}。該接收機然後將對該等估計 值丨,…,i)N}執行一 N點IDFT/IFFT以獲得調變符號 {山,…,cfN}之估計值。 圖5A顯示一由一發射機(例如一基地台或一終端機)執行 以使用圖4中之副頻帶結構400來傳輸資料之過程5〇〇。首 116326.doc -16 · 1343728 先’破定對該終端機的一副頻帶 ^ 叫馮常扣配(方塊512)。該副頻帶 指配係針對-第-組N個相鄰副頻帶,該第一組N個相鄰 副頻帶_於指配給另-終端機副頻帶 偏移小於N個副頻帶,而言,該第一與第二副頻“ 可相互偏移>^/2個副頻帶,該兩個終端機可處於相同或不 同之扇區+。例如根據圖从中之過程则或者圖3b中之過
程350來產生-在第一組副頻帶上在時域中載送所發送之 調變符號之傳輸符號(方塊514)。 圖5B顯示一用於使用圖4中之副頻帶結構4〇〇來傳輸資料 之設備550。設備550包括:用於為一終端機確定一副頻帶 指配之構件,該副頻帶指配係針對一第一組N個相鄰副頻 帶,該第一組N個相鄰副頻帶相對於一指配給另一終端機 的第二組N個相鄰副頻帶偏移小於N個副頻帶(方塊5 5 2 ); 及用於產生一在第一組副頻帶上在時域中載送所發送調變 符號之傳輸符號之構件(方塊554)。
可如上文所述為單個副頻帶組(例如一副頻帶群組或一 交錯)產生一傳輸符號。該傳輸符號在時域中載送調變符 號並具有一與單載波系統之PAPR相當之低pApR。此與 OFDM相反一OFDM係在頻域中傳輸調變符號並具有高的 PAPR 〇 在另一態樣中’使用多載波SC-FDMA為多個副頻帶組 (例如多個副頻帶群組或多個交錯)產生一多載波傳輸符 號。多載波SC-FDMA可提供頻率分集、干擾分集及可能 其他優點。 I16326.doc -17· 1343728 圖6顯示一可為多(T)個副頻帶組產生一多載波傳輸符號 之多載波SC-FDMA調變器600之一實施例。在調變器600 内,丁個8(:4〇1^八波形產生器61(^至6101接收用於丁個副頻 帶組之Τ组調變符號。每一 SC-FDMA波形產生器610皆對 用於其副頻帶組之其調變符號組執行調變(例如對於 LFDMA或IFDMA)並產生一對應之SC-FDMA波形。舉例而 言,每一 SC-FDMA波形產生器610皆可執行圖3Α中之過程 300及圖3Β中之過程350,以產生一提供作為SC-FDMA波 形之輸出序列〇^}。30?0河八波形產生器61〇3至61〇1獨立 地為Τ個副頻帶組產生Τ個SC-FDMA波形》 在一實施例中,將該T個SC-FDMA波形相組合(例如相加) 以產生一複合波形,並對該複合波形附加一循環首碼以產 生一多載波傳輸符號。該多載波傳輸符號將具有一高於為 單個副頻帶組所產生之傳輸符號之PAPR。 在另一實施例中,在將該T個SC-FDMA波形相組合以獲 得一更低PAPR之前預處理該T個SC-FDMA波形。如在圖6 中所示,T個預處理器612a至612t分別自T個產生器610a至 6 10t接收該T個SC-FDMA波形。每一預處理器612皆對其 SC-FDMA波形執行預處理並提供一經預處理之SC-FDMA 波形。一組合器614自預處理器612a至612t接收並組合該T 個經預處理之SC-FDMA波形並提供一複合波形。一循環 首碼產生器616對該複合波形附加一循環首碼並提供一多 載波傳輸符號。 可按各種方式執行對SC-FDMA波形之預處理。對於 •18· 116326.doc 1343728 LFDMA、IFDMA與EFDMA,該預處理既可相同亦可不 同〇 圖7顯示一其中在組合之前對SC-FDMA波形實施循環延 遲之實施例。對於該實施例而言,每一預處理器612皆將 其SC-FDMA波形循環延遲或循環移位一預定量以產生一 經預處理之SC-FDMA波形。對於圖7中所示之實例, 丁=2,且將兩個SC-FDMA波形相組合。預處理器612a提供 一由零樣本構成之循環延遲並簡單地傳送其輸入sC_ FDMA波形作為經預處理之SC-FDMA波形。預處理器612t 提供一由S/2個樣本構成之循環延遲並輸出經循環延遲之 SC-FDMA波形作為經預處理之SC-FDMA波形。將該兩個 經循環延遲之SC-FDMA波形相加並附加以一循環首碼以 產生該多載波傳輸符號。 T個預處理器612a至6 12t可為該T個SC-FDMA波形提供不 同之循環延遲。亦可藉由在對應頻域值序列{^丨中應用一 相位斜坡而在頻域中獲得每一 SC-FDMA波形之循環延 遲。在將各SC-FDMA波形相組合之前,該循環延遲將該 等SC-FDMA波形中之能量峰值移位。該循環延遲尤其可 有效地降低為LFDMA之多個副頻帶群組所產生之多載波 SC-FDMA波形之PAPR。此外,該循環延遲不會使輸入sc_ FDMA波形之特性畸變或改變,此可較為有利。 在另一實施例中,預處理器612a至612t構建一組慮波 器。該等;慮波器可係低通滤波器、全通渡波器、及/或某 些其他類型之濾波器。該等濾波器可係經設計以為多載波 116326.doc -19· 1343728 傳輸符號提供一平均而言更低之PAPR之固定濾波器。亦 可根據來自產生器6 10a至610t之輸入SC-FDMA波形來選擇 該等濾波器。舉例而言,可界定多組濾波器,並可選擇使 用能提供最低PAPR的一組濾波器。可將所選的一組濾波 器用信號通知接收機’接收機可隨後對所接收傳輸符號應 用互補的一組濾波器。另一選擇為,可不將所選的一組濾 波器通知接收機且接收機可嘗試著以可能的各組濾波器中 的每一組來解碼所接收之傳輸符號。若使用同一組濾波器 來發送導頻及資料符號,則接收機可使用導頻符號來估計 有效通道響應,有效通道響應包括無線通道響應及所選的 一組濾波器》接收機可隨後以該有效通道響應估計值來處 理所接收之傳輸符號。接收機可不需要確定用於發送導頻 及資料符號之該組濾波器。 圖8 A顯示一由一發射機執行的用於產生一多載波傳輸符 號之過程800。產生在多組副頻帶上在時域中載送調變符 號之多個波形(方塊812)。該多個組對於LFDMA而言可包 括相鄰副頻帶、對於IFDMA而言可包括均勻分佈之副頻 帶、或者對於EFDMA而言可包括多個群組。預處理該多 個波形以獲得多個經預處理之波形(方塊8〖4)。該預處理可 能需要將該多個波形循環延遲不同之量,例如對於兩個波 形而言循環延遲0及K/2N個樣本。另一選擇為,該預處理 可能需要以一組濾波器對該多個波形實施濾波,該組濾波 器可經選擇以使所付之傳輸符號獲得一低之PAPR。將該 多個經預處理之波形相組合(例如相加),以獲得一複合波 1 l6326.doc -20- 1343728 形(方塊816)。然後對該複合波形附加一循環首碼以產生多 載波傳輸符號(方塊8 1 8)。 圖8B顯示一用於產生一多載波傳輸符號之設備85〇。設 備850包括:用於產生多個在多組副頻帶上在時域中載送 調變符號之波形之構件(方塊852);用於預處理(例如循環 延遲或濾波)該多個波形以獲得多個經預處理之波形之構 件(方塊854);用於組合(例如相加)該多個經預處理之波形 籲 以獲得一複合波形之構件(方塊856);及用於對該複合波形 附加一循環首碼以產生多載波傳輸符號之構件(方塊858)。 圖9A顯示一由一接收機執行之過程9〇〇。首先接收一多 載波傳輸符號,該多載波傳輸符號係由在多組副頻帶上在 . 時域中載送多組調變符號之多個波形構成(方塊912)。自該 - 所接收傳輸符號中移除循環首碼(方塊914)。將其餘所接收 傳輸符號變換至頻域(例如藉由一K點DFT/FFT),以獲得κ 個頻域值(方塊916) ^自該K個頻域值中獲得該多組副頻帶 φ 之多組頻域值(方塊91 8)。將每一組頻域值變換至時域(例 如藉由一 N點IDFT/IFFT),以獲得在該多載波傳輸符號中 發送的相應的一組調變符號(方塊920)。 若在發射機處進行組合之前將該多個波形循環延遲不同 之里,則接收機不需要執行任何專門處理來移除循環延 遲。若在發射機處以一組濾波器對該多個波形實施濾波, 則接收機可對該組濾波器執行等化。接收機亦可使用同一 組濾波器以一根據導頻符號獲得之通道估計值來執行資料 偵測。 116326.doc •21 - 1343728 圖9B顯示—用於接收一多載波傳輸符號之設備950。設 備950包括:用於接收一多載波傳輸符號之構件,該多載 波傳輸符號係由在多組副頻帶上在時域中載送多組調變符 號之多個波形構成(方塊952);用於自該所接收傳輸符號中 移除循環首碼之構件(方塊954);用於將其餘所接收傳輸符 號變換至頻域以獲得K個頻域值之構件(方塊956);用於自 該K個頻域值中獲得該多組副頻帶之多組頻域值之構件(方 塊95 8);及用於將每一組頻域值變換至時域以獲得在該多 載波傳輸符號中發送的相應的一組調變符號之構件(方塊 960卜 圖10顯示一發射機1〇 1〇及一接收機1050之方塊圖。對於 正向鏈路而言,發射機1010為基地台之一部分,且接收機 1050為終端機之一部分。對於反向鍵路而言,發射機 為終端機之一部分,且接收機1050為基地台之一部分。 在發射機1010處,一發射(TX)資料及導頻處理器1〇2〇對 資料(例如訊務資料及傳訊)實施編碼、交錯及符號映射, 並產生資料符號。處理器1020亦產生導頻符號並對資料符 號與導頻符號實施多工。資料符號係資料之調變符號,導 頻符號係導頻之調變符號,調變符號係信號星象圖(例如 對於PSK或QAM而言)中一點之複數值,且符號為一複數 值。一 SC-FDMA調變器1030對經多工之資料與導頻符號 執行調變並產生傳輸符號。調變器1030可例如如在圖3 a或 3B中所示產生單載波傳輸符號。調變器1〇3〇亦可構建圖6 中之多載波SC-FDMA調變器600並例如如在圖7中所示產 •22- 116326.doc 1343728 生多載波傳輸符號。一發射機單元(TMTR) 1032處理(例如 變換成類比形式、放大、濾波及上變頻)該等傳輸符號並 產生一經射頻(RF)調變信號,該經射頻(RF)調變信號經由 一天線1034傳輸。 在接收機1050處,一天線1052接收所傳輸信號並提供一 所接收信號。一接收機單元(RCVR)1054調節(例如濾波、 放大、下變頻及數位化)所接收信號並提供輸入樣本。一 SC-FDMA解調器(Demod) 1060對該等輸入樣本執行調變並 對用於資料及導頻傳輸之副頻帶提供所接收資料值及所接 收導頻值。一通道估計器/處理器1080根據該等所接收導 頻值導出一通道估計值。解調器1060亦使用該通道估計值 對所接收資料值執行資料偵測(或等化)並提供資料符號估 計值。一接收(RX)資料處理器1070對該等資料符號估計值 實施符號解映射、解交錯及解碼並提供經解碼資料。一般 而言,接收機105 0處之解調器1〇60及RX資料處理器1070 所執行之處理分別與發射機1〇1〇處之調變器1〇3〇及Τχ資 料和導頻處理器1020所執行之處理互補。 控制器/處理器1040及1090分別指導發射機1010及接收 機1050處各處理單元之作業。記憶體1〇42及1〇92分別為發 射機1010及接收機1〇5〇儲存程式碼及資料。 本文所述技術可由各種構件來構建。舉例而言,該等技 術可構建於硬體、軟體或其一組合中。對於硬體構建方案 而言,一發射機處之處理單元可構建於一個或多個應用專 用積體電路(ASIC)、數位信號處理器(DSp)、數位信號處 116326.doc •23 · 1343728 理裝置(DSPD)、可程式化邏輯裝置(pLD)、現場可程式化 閉陣列_)、處理器、控制器、微控制器、微處理器、 電子裝置、其他設計用於執行本文所述功能之電子單元、 或其-組合中。接收機處之處理單元亦可構建於—個或多 個ASIC、DSP、處理器等等中。 對於勒體及/或軟體構建方案而言,可使用能執行本文 所述功能之模組(例如程序、功能等等)來執行該等技術。 軟體碼可儲存於-記憶體(例如,giG中之記憶體购或 1092)内且由一處理器(例如處理器1〇4〇或ι〇9〇)來執行。該 記憶體既可構建於處理器内部亦可構建於處理器外部。 上文對所揭示實施例之說明旨在使任一熟習此項技術者 皆能夠製作或制本發明^熟習此項技術者將易於得出該 等實施例之各種修改,且本文所界定的一般原理亦可適用 於其它實施例,此並未背離本發明之精神或範疇。因此, 本文並非意欲將本發明限定於本文所示實施例,而欲賦予 其與本文所揭示原理及新穎特徵相一致的最寬廣範脅。 【圖式簡單說明】 結合該等圖式依據上文所述之詳細說明,人們將更易明 瞭本發明之特徵及性質,所有圖式中相同之參考字符皆標 識相同之元件。 圖1顯示一無線通信系統。 圖2A顯示一用於局部FDMA(LFDMA)之副頻帶結構。 圖2B顯示一用於交錯式FDMA(IFDMA)之副頻帶結構。 圖3A及3B顯示兩個用於產生一傳輸符號之過程。 116326.doc -24- 1343728 圏4顯示一可提供干擾分集之副頻帶結構。 圖5 Α顯示一用於以圖4中之副頻帶結構來傳輸資料之過 程。 圖5B顯示一用於以圖4中之副頻帶結構來傳輸資料之設 備。 圖6顯示一多載波SC-FDMA調變器。 圖7顯示產生一具有經循環延遲之sc-FDMA波形之多載 波傳輸符號。 圖8 A顯示一種用於產生一多載波傳輸符號之過程。 圖8B顯示一用於產生一多載波傳輸符號之設備。 圖9A顯示一種用於接收一多載波傳輸符號之過程。 圖9B顯示一用於接收一多載波傳輸符號之設備。 圖10顯示一發射機及一接收機之方塊圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 102a-c 104a-c 11Oa-c 120a-i 130 200 210 400 550 無線通信系統 特定地理區域 區域 基地台 終端機 系統控制器 副頻帶結構 副頻帶結構 LFDMA副頻帶結構 傳輸資料之設備 116326.doc • 25- 134.3728 552
554 600 6 1 Oa-t 612a-t 614 616 850 852 854
856 858 950 952 用於確定對一第一組N個相鄰副頻帶之 指配之構件,該第一組N個相鄰副頻帶 相對於一指配給另一終端機之第二組N 個相鄰副頻帶偏移小於N個副頻帶 用於產生一在該第一組副頻帶上在時 域中載送調變符號之傳輸符號之構件 多載波SC-FDMA調變器 SC-FDMA波形產生器 預處理器 組合器 循環首碼產生器 用於產生一多載波傳輸符號之設備 用於產生在多組副頻帶上載送調變符 號之多個波形之構件 用於預處理(例如循環延遲)該多個波形 以獲得多個經預處理之波形之構件 用於組合(例如相加)該多個經預處理之 波形以獲得一複合波形之構件 用於對該複合波形附加一循環首碼以 產生一多載波傳輸符號之構件 用於接收一多載波傳輸符號之設備 用於接收一多載波傳輸符號之構件, 該多載波傳輸符號係由在多組副頻帶 上載送多組調變符號之多個波形構成 116326.doc •26· 1343728 954 用於移除該所接收傳輸符號中之循環 首碼之構件
956 用於變換其餘所接收傳輸符號以獲得K 個頻域值之構件 958 用於自該K個頻域值中獲得該多組副頻 帶之多組頻域值之構件 960 用於將每一組頻域值變換至時域以獲 得相應的一組調變符號之構件 1010 發射機 1020 發射(TX)資料及導頻處理器 1030 SC-FDMA調變器 1032 發射機單元(TMTR) 1034 天線 1040 控制器/處理器 1042 記憶體
1050 1052 接收機 天線 1054 接收機單元(RCVR) 1060 SC-FDMA解調器(Demod) 1070 接收(RX)資料處理器 1080 通道估計器/處理器 1090 控制器/處理器 1092 記憶體 116326.doc -27-
Claims (1)
1343728 Π年(丨月t g修正本 第095142631號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(99年u月) 十、申請專利範圍·· 傳輸資料之設備,其包 1. 一種用於在一無線通信系統中 括: 至少-個處理器,其經組態以產生一在—指配給一第 一終端機之第一組N個相鄰副頻帶上在時域中載送一組 調變符號之傳輸符號,其中該第—組N個副頻帶相對於 一指配給一第二終端機之第二組N個相鄰副頻帶偏移小 於N個副頻帶以使該第一組N個副頻帶與該第二組n個副 頻帶部分地交疊,且其中N係一大於一之整數;及 一耗接至該至少一個處理器之記憶體。 2. 如凊求項1之設備,其中該第一組N個副頻帶相對於該第 二組N個副頻帶偏移n/2個副頻帶。 3. 如請求項1之設備’其中該第一組n個副頻帶相對於一指 配給一第三終端機之第三組N個相鄰副頻帶偏移小於1^個 副頻帶,且其中該第二組N個副頻帶相對於該第三組^^個 副頻帶偏移小於N個副頻帶。 4. 如請求項1之設備,其中該第一與第二终端機處於一通 信系統中之兩個扇區中。 5·如請求項1之設備,其中該第一與第二終端機處於一通 信系統中的一單個扇區中. 6.如請求項1之設備,其中該至少一個處理器經組態以將 該組調變符號變換至頻域以獲得一第一序列之頻域值、 將該第一序列中之該等頻域值映射於該第一組中之該N 個副頻帶上以獲得一第二序列、及以該第二序列產生該 116326-991U9.doc Ί343728 傳輸符號。 如請求項!之設備,其中該至少一個處理器經組態以將 該組調變符號映射至-第-序列中間距均等之樣本位 置、將㈣-序列變換至頻域以獲得—第二序列之頻域 值、將該第二序列中對應於不包含於該第一組中之副頻 帶之頻域值填零以獲得一第三序列、及以該第三序列產 生該傳輸符號。 -種用於在-無線通信系統中傳輸資料之方法,其包 括: ’、1 確定一指配給一第一级戚播夕笙 .χτ , 矛〜缟機之第一組Ν個相鄰副頻 帶,其中該第-組Ν個副頻帶相對於—指配給—第二終 端機之第二組Ν個相鄰副頻帶偏移小於關副頻帶以使該 第一組Ν個副頻帶與該第二組Ν個副頻帶部分地交疊,且 其中Ν係一大於一之整數;及 產生一在該第一组Ν個副頻帶上在時域中載送一組調 變符號之傳輸符號。 ° 9.如請求項8之方法,其中該產生該傳輸符號包括: 將該組調變符號變換至頻域以獲得一第一序列之頻 值, S 將該第一序列t之該等頻域值映射於該第一組中之該 N個副頻帶上以獲得一第二序列,及 以該第二序列產生該傳輸符號。 1 〇· —種用於在一無線通信系統中傳輸資料之設備,其包 括: Ά n6326-99IH9.doc -2- 1343728 確定構件,其用於確定一指配給一第一終端機之第— 組N個相鄰副頻帶,其中該第一組n個副頻帶相對於一指 配給一第二終端機之第二組N個相鄰副頻帶偏移小於n個 副頻帶以使該第一組N個副頻帶與該第二組N個副頻帶部 分地交疊,且其中N係一大於一之整數;及 產生構件’其用於產生一在該第一組N個副頻帶上在 時域中載送一組調變符號之傳輸符號。 11.如請求項1〇之設備’其中該用於產生該傳輸符號之構件 包括 用於將該組調變符號變換至頻域以獲得一第一序列之 頻域值之構件, 用於將該第一序列中之該等頻域值映射於該第一組中 之該N個副頻帶上以獲得一第二序列之構件,及 用於以該第二序列產生該傳輸符號之構件。
12. —種用於在一無線通信系統_傳輸資料之設備其包 括: 態以產生在多組副頻帶上在 波形、預處理該多個波形以 及以該多個經預處理之波形 少一個處理器經組態以將多 至少一個處理器,其經組 時域中栽送調變符號之多個 獲得多個經預處理之波形、 產生一傳輸符號,其中該至 組調變符號變換至頻域以獲得多組頻域值、將該多組頻 域值映射至該多組副頻帶以產生多個序列、及將該多個 序列變換至時域以產生該多個波形;及 一耦接至該至少一個處理器之記憶體。 I16326-991119.doc 1343728 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21, 22. 如請求項12之設備,其中該至少一個處理器經組態以將 5玄多個波形循環延遲不同之量。 如請求項12之設備,其中該至少一個處理器經組態以產 生在兩組副頻帶上載送調變符號之兩個波形。 如凊求項14之設備,其中該兩個波形包括第—及第二波 形,且其中該至少一個處理器經組態以將該第一波形循 %延遲零個樣本並將該第二波形循環延遲k/(2n)個樣 本,其中K係副頻帶之總數量且該兩組中每一組中副 頻帶之數量。 如清求項12之設備,其中該至少-個處理器經組態以 、·且至少個滅波器對該多個波形實施濾波。 如請求項16之設備,其中該至少—個處理器經組態以 多組至少—㈣波器中選擇該組至少—個濾波器。 如請求項16之設備’其中該至少-個處理器經組態以 擇該组至少—個錢Μ獲㈣傳輸符號之-低峰值 平均功率比(PAPR)。 如請求項12之設備,兑中兮 人枝夕_ 、中°亥至ν 一個處理器經組態以 二:夕個經預處理之波形以獲得—複合波形、及對該 5波形附加一循環首碼以產生該傳輸符號。 如凊求項12之設備,兑令 帶比勺扛户ν ^ '、組副頻帶中之每一組副? Τ白已》括多個相鄰副頻帶。 如請求項12之設備,其中 罄比勿紅V从 夕、,且田Ij頻帶中之每一組副i 帶白匕括分佈於複數個副頻 ^ Μ '"之夕個副頻帶。 如清求項12之設備,其中 中"玄夕組副頻帶中之每一組副; 116326-991119.doc 帶皆包括多個副頻帶群組。 23· —種用於在一無線通信系統中傳輸資料之方法,其包 括: 產生多個波形,該多個波形在多組副頻帶上在時域中 載送調變符號; 預處理該多個波升々以獲得多個經預處理之波形;及 藉助該多個經預處理之波形產生一傳輸符號, 其中該產生該多個波形包括: 將多組調變符號變換至頻域以獲得多組頻域值, 將該多組頻域值映射至該多組副頻帶以產生多個序 列,及 將該多個序列變換至時域以產生該多個波形。 24. 如請求項23之方法,其中該預處理該多個波形包括 將該多個波形循環延遲不同量。 25. 如請求項23之方法,其中該產生該傳輸符號包括 組合該多個經預處理之波形以獲得一複合波形,及 對該複合波形附加一循環首碼以產生該傳輸符號。 26. —種用於在一無線通信系統中傳輸資料之設備,其包 括: 用於產生多個波形之構件,該多個波形在多組副頻帶 上在時域中載送調變符號; 用於預處理該多個波形以獲得多個經預處理之波形之 構件;及 用於藉助該多個經預處理之波形產生一傳輸符號之構 116326-99ni9.doc ί343728 件, 其中叇用於產生該多個波形之構件包括 用於將多組調變符冑變換至頻域以獲得多組頻域值之 構件, 用於將該多組頻域值映射至該多組副頻帶以產生多個 序列之構件,及 用於將該多個序列變換至時域以產生該多個波形之構 件。 27·如請求項26之設備,其中該用於預處理該多個波形之構 件包括 用於將該多個波形循環延遲不同量之構件。 28·如請求項26之設備’其中該用於產生該傳輸符號之構件 包括 用於組合該多個經預處理之波形以獲得一複合波形之 構件,及 用於對該複合波形附加一循環首碼以產生該傳輸符號 之構件。 ~ 29. —種用於在一無線通信系統中接收資料之設備,其包 括: ' 至少-個處理器,其經組態以:接收—傳輸符號,該 傳輸符號係由在多組副頻帶上載送多組調變符號之多個 波形構成,其中預處理及組合該多個波形以形成該傳輸 符號;將該所接收傳輸符號變換至頻域以獲得該多組q 頻帶之多組頻域值;及將該多組頻域值變換至時域以聛 1163 26-991119.doc 1343728 得該多組調變符號之估計值;及 二耦接至該至少一個處理器之記憶體。 如明求項29之設備’其中該至少一個處理器經組態以藉 .㈤’组至少_個;慮〉皮器對該多組頻域值實施濾波。 . 種用於在—無線通#系統中接收資料之設備,其包 括: 用於接收一傳輸符號之構件,該傳輸符號係由在多組 • 副頻帶上載送多組調變符號之多個波形構成,其中預處 理及組合該多個波形以形成該傳輸符號; 用於將該所接收傳輸符號變換至頻域以獲得該多組副 頻帶之多組頻域值之構件;及 用於將該多組頻域值變換至時域以獲得該多組調變符 號之估計值之構件。 32. —種用於在一無線通信系統中接收資料之設備,其包 括: • 至少一個處理器,其經組態以接收一在一指配給—第 一終端機之第一組N個相鄰副頻帶上在時域中載送—組 調變符號之傳輸符號、及處理該所接收傳輸符號以自节 第一組N個副頻帶恢復該組調變符號,直中 八γ 5哀弟一組N個 副頻帶相對於一指配給一第二终端機之第二組Ν個相鄰 副頻帶偏移小於Ν個副頻帶以使該第一組ν個副頻帶與$ 第二組Ν個副頻帶部分地交疊’且其中叫系—大於::: 數;及 一耦接至該至少一個處理器之記憶體。 116326-991119.doc 1343728 33 如請求項32之設備,其中該至少一個處理器經組態以將 該所接收傳輸符號變換至頻域以為該第一組N個副頻帶 獲知一組頻域值、及將該組頻域值變換至時域以恢復該 組調變符號D 116326-991119.doc 8-
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US20070115795A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
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US20110064070A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
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