TW200404859A - Flame-retardant resin composition and flame-retardant injection molding - Google Patents
Flame-retardant resin composition and flame-retardant injection molding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW200404859A TW200404859A TW092124776A TW92124776A TW200404859A TW 200404859 A TW200404859 A TW 200404859A TW 092124776 A TW092124776 A TW 092124776A TW 92124776 A TW92124776 A TW 92124776A TW 200404859 A TW200404859 A TW 200404859A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- flame
- resin composition
- retardant
- lactic acid
- resin
- Prior art date
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 title description 38
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
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- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- JVGDVPVEKJSWIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexyl]ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1CCC(CCO)CC1 JVGDVPVEKJSWIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CLZOHDKRJJFTSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2,3-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methanediimine Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(N=C=N)=C1C(C)C CLZOHDKRJJFTSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBHCPRFTNCWSTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(2-propylphenyl)methanediimine Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1CCC LBHCPRFTNCWSTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052628 phlogopite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001432 poly(L-lactide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005553 polystyrene-acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012321 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn] GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricalcium;diborate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/29—Compounds containing one or more carbon-to-nitrogen double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
- C08K5/5415—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002261673 | 2002-09-06 |
Publications (2)
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| TW200404859A true TW200404859A (en) | 2004-04-01 |
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| TW092124776A TW200404859A (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-05 | Flame-retardant resin composition and flame-retardant injection molding |
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| EP (1) | EP1544250B1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP4194558B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100954924B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN100447199C (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2003264393A1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE60328110D1 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW200404859A (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2004022650A1 (enExample) |
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| JP4303993B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-02 | 2009-07-29 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 射出成形体 |
| US20080097008A2 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2008-04-24 | Sony Corporation | Flame-retardant injection-molded object |
| JP4777606B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-14 | 2011-09-21 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 難燃性射出成形体 |
| JP2006001973A (ja) * | 2004-06-15 | 2006-01-05 | Fujitsu Ltd | ポリ乳酸樹脂組成物、並びに、成型体及びその製造方法、及びoa機器 |
| JP4576166B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-22 | 2010-11-04 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 射出成形体 |
| JP2006089643A (ja) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-04-06 | Mitsubishi Plastics Ind Ltd | 樹脂組成物およびその成形体 |
| KR101317503B1 (ko) | 2004-11-19 | 2013-10-15 | 파나소닉 주식회사 | 난연성 수지 조성물, 그 제조 방법 및 그 성형 방법 |
| TWI285211B (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2007-08-11 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | Resin composition for optical materials |
| JP2006265417A (ja) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-10-05 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 難燃性樹脂組成物及び難燃性樹脂成形品 |
| JP2007002120A (ja) * | 2005-06-24 | 2007-01-11 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 難燃性樹脂組成物及び難燃性樹脂成形品 |
| JP2007099861A (ja) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-04-19 | Sony Corp | 複合組成物及び複合組成物を用いた成形品 |
| JP5192815B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-03 | 2013-05-08 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 機能性フィラーおよびそれを含有する樹脂組成物 |
| JP2007197521A (ja) * | 2006-01-25 | 2007-08-09 | Fujifilm Corp | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物およびその製造方法ならびに成形品 |
| JP2008231317A (ja) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-10-02 | Yazaki Corp | ハロゲンフリー樹脂組成物、絶縁電線及びワイヤハーネス |
| US8227658B2 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2012-07-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc | Film formed from a blend of biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters |
| JP2010031097A (ja) * | 2008-07-26 | 2010-02-12 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | ポリエステル系樹脂組成物 |
| DK2159258T3 (da) * | 2008-08-26 | 2011-11-21 | Omya Development Ag | Behandlede mineralfyldstofprodukter, fremgangsmåde til fremstilling deraf og anvendelser deraf |
| JP5273847B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-22 | 2013-08-28 | 花王株式会社 | ポリ乳酸樹脂組成物 |
| CN102834458B (zh) | 2010-03-30 | 2015-03-04 | 日本电气株式会社 | 阻燃的聚乳酸基树脂、其模塑制品以及模塑制品的生产方法 |
| JP2010202889A (ja) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-09-16 | Mitsubishi Plastics Inc | 射出成形体 |
| CN102844376A (zh) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-12-26 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 外包装体及其制造方法 |
| JP5616972B2 (ja) | 2011-02-24 | 2014-10-29 | パナソニック株式会社 | 外装体およびその製造方法 |
| FR2978966B1 (fr) | 2011-08-12 | 2013-09-27 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Materiau ignifuge comprenant un biopolymere. |
| JPWO2013046487A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-26 | 2016-05-26 | パナソニック株式会社 | 電気機器の外装体 |
| KR102041305B1 (ko) * | 2015-01-29 | 2019-11-07 | (주)엘지하우시스 | 생분해성 비드 발포체 및 이의 제조방법 |
| US10961388B2 (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2021-03-30 | Nec Corporation | Polylactic acid resin composition and polyester resin composition, and method for producing the same and molded body thereof |
| JPWO2017094900A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-04 | 2018-09-20 | 日本電気株式会社 | ポリ乳酸系樹脂組成物、その製造方法および成形体 |
| JP6885147B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2021-06-09 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 樹脂組成物及び該樹脂組成物を成形してなる樹脂成形品 |
| GB2591121A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-07-21 | Floreon Transf Packaging Limited | Polylactic acid flame resistant blend |
| CN112552663B (zh) * | 2020-12-08 | 2023-06-27 | 东莞市卡帝德塑化科技有限公司 | 一种高流动性阻燃聚乳酸复合材料 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH04318042A (ja) * | 1991-04-16 | 1992-11-09 | Nittetsu Mining Co Ltd | 分解性プラスチック用充填剤 |
| DE4312752A1 (de) * | 1993-04-20 | 1994-10-27 | Basf Ag | Flammgeschützte thermoplastische Formmassen auf der Basis von Polyamiden |
| GB2315453B (en) * | 1993-09-14 | 1998-04-08 | Fujitsu Ltd | Biodegradable moulded article |
| JP3330712B2 (ja) | 1994-01-11 | 2002-09-30 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | ポリ乳酸系フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP3563436B2 (ja) | 1994-05-16 | 2004-09-08 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | ポリ乳酸系重合体の熱成形加工品 |
| JPH08252823A (ja) | 1995-03-17 | 1996-10-01 | Fujitsu Ltd | 難燃性生分解プラスチックスの製造方法 |
| US5916950A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1999-06-29 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Resin composition and molded articles thereof |
| JP2945329B2 (ja) * | 1996-09-26 | 1999-09-06 | 信越ポリマー株式会社 | 園芸用結束紐 |
| JP3866465B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-08 | 2007-01-10 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | ポリ乳酸系重合体の成形体およびその成形方法 |
| JP3440915B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-14 | 2003-08-25 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリ乳酸樹脂および成形品 |
| JP3716730B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-29 | 2005-11-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 乳酸系樹脂組成物 |
| JP4303993B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-02 | 2009-07-29 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 射出成形体 |
| US20080097008A2 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2008-04-24 | Sony Corporation | Flame-retardant injection-molded object |
| JP2006089643A (ja) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-04-06 | Mitsubishi Plastics Ind Ltd | 樹脂組成物およびその成形体 |
-
2003
- 2003-09-05 TW TW092124776A patent/TW200404859A/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-09-08 AU AU2003264393A patent/AU2003264393A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-08 US US10/526,495 patent/US7439283B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-08 CN CNB03821220XA patent/CN100447199C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-08 EP EP03794286A patent/EP1544250B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-08 WO PCT/JP2003/011454 patent/WO2004022650A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-09-08 JP JP2004534193A patent/JP4194558B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-08 KR KR1020057003743A patent/KR100954924B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-08 DE DE60328110T patent/DE60328110D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2008
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003264393A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
| US20060100313A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
| EP1544250A4 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
| EP1544250B1 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
| CN1681884A (zh) | 2005-10-12 |
| US7439283B2 (en) | 2008-10-21 |
| JP4708457B2 (ja) | 2011-06-22 |
| CN100447199C (zh) | 2008-12-31 |
| DE60328110D1 (de) | 2009-08-06 |
| JP4194558B2 (ja) | 2008-12-10 |
| JP2008308693A (ja) | 2008-12-25 |
| WO2004022650A1 (ja) | 2004-03-18 |
| JPWO2004022650A1 (ja) | 2005-12-22 |
| KR20050057167A (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
| TWI331164B (enExample) | 2010-10-01 |
| KR100954924B1 (ko) | 2010-04-27 |
| EP1544250A1 (en) | 2005-06-22 |
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| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |