NO331925B1 - Substituerte pyrimidiner som proteinkinase-inhibitorer - Google Patents
Substituerte pyrimidiner som proteinkinase-inhibitorer Download PDFInfo
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- NO331925B1 NO331925B1 NO20050144A NO20050144A NO331925B1 NO 331925 B1 NO331925 B1 NO 331925B1 NO 20050144 A NO20050144 A NO 20050144A NO 20050144 A NO20050144 A NO 20050144A NO 331925 B1 NO331925 B1 NO 331925B1
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- Prior art keywords
- aurora
- kinase
- cancer
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- agents
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Abstract
Foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer en enkel fremgangsmåte for fremstillingen av tri- og tetra-substituerte pyrimidiner. Fremgangsmåten er nyttig for fremstilling av proteinkinaseinhibitorer, spesielt Aurorakinaseinhibitorer. Disse inhibitorene er nyttige for å behandle eller redusere alvorsgraden av Aurora-medierte sykdommer eller tilstander.
Description
OMRÅDE FOR OPPFINNELSEN
Foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer fem substituerte pyrimidiner nyttige som proteinkinaseinhibitorer, spesielt av FLT-3- og Aurorafamiliekinasene, serin/treonin-proteinkinasene. Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører også anvendelsen av nevnte forbindelser.
BAKGRUNN FOR OPPFINNELSEN
Letingen etter nye terapeutiske midler har i de senere årene blitt godt hjulpet av en bedret forståelse av strukturen til enzymer og andre biomolekyler forbundet med målsykdom. En viktig enzymklasse som har blitt underlagt omfattende studier, er proteinkinaser.
Proteinkinaser formidler intracellulær signaltransduksjon. De gjør dette ved å utføre en fosforyloverføring fra et nukleosidtrifosfat til en proteinakseptor som er involvert i en signaliseringsbane. Det finnes en mengde kinaser og baner gjennom hvilke ekstracellulære og andre stimuli forårsaker at en mengde cellulære responser inntreffer inne i cellen. Eksempler på slike stimuli inkluderer miljømessige og kjemiske stressignaler (for eksempel osmotisk sjokk, varmesjokk, ultrafiolett stråling, bakterieendotoksin og H202), cytokiner (for eksempel interleukin-1 (IL-1) og tumor-nekrosefaktor alfa (TNF-a)) og vekstfaktorer (for eksempel granulocytt-makrofag-koloni-stimulerende faktor (GM-CSF) og fibroblast-vekstfaktor (FGF)). En ekstracellulær stimulus kan påvirke én eller flere cellulære responser forbundet med cellevekst, migrering, differensiering, hormonsekresjon, aktivering av transkripsjonsfaktorer, muskelkontraksjon, glukosemetabolisme, kontroll av proteinsyntese og regulering av cellesyklus.
Mange sykdommer er forbundet med abnormale cellulære responser utløst av proteinkinasemedierte hendelser. Disse sykdommene inkluderer autoimmune sykdommer, inflammatoriske sykdommer, bensykdommer, metabolske sykdommer, nevrologiske og nevrodegenerative sykdommer, cancer, kardiovaskulære sykdommer, allergier og astma, Alzheimers sykdom og hormonrelaterte sykdommer. Det har følgelig vært en betydelig innsats innen medisinsk kjemi for å finne proteinkinaseinhibitorer som er effektive som terapeutiske midler.
Aurorafamilien av serin/treoninkinaser er vesentlig for celleproliferasjon [Bischoff, J.R. & Plowman, G.D. (The Aurora/Ipllp kinase family: regulators of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis) Trends in Cell Biology 9, 454-459 (1999), Giet, R. og Prigent, C. (Aurora/Ipllp-related kinases, a new oncogenic family of mitotic serine-threonine kinaser) Journal of Cell Science 112, 3591-3601 (1999), Nigg, E.A.
(Mitotic kinases as regulators of cell division and its checkpoints) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2, 21-32 (2001), Adams, R. R, Carmena, M. og Earnshaw, W.C.
(Chromosomal passengers and the (aurora) ABCs of mitosis) Trends in Cell Biology 11, 49-54 (2001)]. Inhibitorer av Aurorakinasefamilien har derfor potensialet å blokkere vekst av alle tumortyper.
De tre kjente mammalske familiemedlemmene Aurora-A ("1"), B ("2") og C ("3") er høyst homologe proteiner ansvarlige for kromosomsegregering, mitotisk spindelfunksjon og cytokinese. Ekspresjon av Aurora er lav eller ikke detekterbar i hvilende celler, med ekspresjons- og aktivitetstopp under G2-fasen og den mitotiske fase i celler i cellecyklus. I mammalske celler inkluderer foreslåtte substrater for Aurora histon H3, et protein involvert i kromosomkondensering, og CENP-A, myosin II-regulatorisk lettkjede, proteinfosfatase 1, TPX2, alle påkrevd for celledeling.
Siden den ble oppdaget i 1997 har den mammalske Aurora-kinasefamilien blitt nært forbundet med tumorigenese. Det mest overbevisende beviset for dette er at overekspresjonen av Aurora-A transformerer fibroblasterfra gnagere(Bischoff, J. R., et al. A homologue of DrosophiVa aurora kinase is oncogenic and amplified in human colorectal cancers. EMBOJ. 17, 3052-3065 (1998)). Celler med forhøyede nivåer av denne kinasen inneholder multiple sentrosomer og multipolare spindler og blir raskt aneuploide. Den onkogene aktiviteten til Aurora-kinaser er sannsynligvis forbundet med genereringen av slik genetisk ustabilitet. Faktisk har det blitt observert en forbindelse mellom økning av aarora-^-locuset og kromosomal ustabilitet i bryst- og magetumorer. (Miyoshi, Y., Iwao, K., Egawa, C. og Noguchi, S. Association of centrosomal kinase STK15/BTAK mRNA expression with chromosomal instability in human breast cancers. Int. J. Cancer 92, 370-373
(2001). (Sakakura, C. et al. Tumor-amplified kinase BTAK is amplified and overexpressed in gastric cancers with possible involvement in aneuploid formation. British Journal of Cancer SA, 824-831 (2001)). Aurora-kinasene har blitt rapportert å være over-uttrykt i en rekke tumorer i menneske. Forhøyet ekspresjon av Aurora-A har blitt påvist i over 50 % av tilfellene av tykktarmscancer (Bischoff, J. R., et al. A homologue of Drosophila aurora kinase is oncogenic and amplified in human colorectal cancers. EMBOJ. 17, 3052-3065 (1998)) (Takahashi, T., et al. Centrosomal kinases, HsAIRkl og HsAIRK3, are overexpressed in primary colorectal cancers. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 91, 1007-1014 (2000)), eggstokkcancer (Gritsko, T.M. et al. Activation and overexpression of centrosome kinase BTAK/Aurora-A in human ovarian cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 9, 1420-1426 (2003)) og gastriske tumorer (Sakakura, C. et al. Tumor-amplified kinase BTAK is amplified and overexpressed in gastric cancers with possible involvement in aneuploid formation. British Journal of Cancer SA, 824-831 (2001)) og i 94 % av tilfellene av invasive kanal-adenokarsinomaer i brystet (Tanaka, T., et al. Centrosomal kinase AIK1 is overexpressed in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Cancer Research. 59, 2041-2044 (1999)). Høye nivåer av Aurora-A har også blitt rapportert i nyre-, livmorhals-, nevroblastom-, melanom-, lymfe-, bukspyttkjertel- og prostata-tumorcellelinjer. (Bischoff, J. R., et al. A homologue of Drosophila aurora kinase is oncogenic and amplified in human colorectal cancers. EMBOJ. 17, 3052-3065
(1998) (Kimura, M., Matsuda, Y., Yoshioka, T. og Okano, Y. Cell cycle-dependent expression and centrosomal localization of a third human Aurora/Ipll-related protein kinase, AIK3. Journal of BiologicaI Chemistry 274, 7334-7340 (1999))(Zhou et al. Tumor amplifiec kinase STK15/BTAK induces centrosome amplification, aneuploidy and transformation Nature Genetics 20: 189-193 (1998))(Li et al. Overexpression of oncogenic STK15/BTAK/Aurora-A kinase in human pancreatic cancer Clin Cancer Res. 9(3):991-7 (2003)). Økning/overekspresjon av Aurora-A observeres i blærecancer i menneske, og økning av Aurora-A er forbundet med aneuploidi og aggressiv klinisk oppførsel (Sen S. et al Amplification/overexpression of a mitotic kinase gene in human bladder cancer J Nati Cancer Inst. 94(17): 1320-9 (2002)). Økning av aurora-iA-locuset (20ql3) er dessuten i samsvar med dårlige prognoser for pasienter med node-negativ brystcancer(Isola, J. J., et al. Genetic aberrations detected by comparative genomic hybridization predict outcome in node-negative breast cancer. American Journal of Pathology 147, 905-911 (1995)). Aurora-B er sterkt uttrykt i mange tumor-cellelinjer i menneske, inkludert leukemiceller (Katayama et al. Human AIM-1: cDNA doning and reduced expression during endomitosis in megakaryocyte-lineage cells. Gene 244:1-7)). Nivåer av dette enzymet øker som en funksjon av Dukes stadium i primære tykktarmscancer (Katayama, H. et al. Mitotic kinase expression and colorectal cancer progression. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 91, 1160-1162 (1999)). Aurora-C, som normalt bare er funnet i kjønnsceller, er også overuttrykt i en høy prosentandel av tilfeller av primær tykktarmscancer og i et mangfold av tumor-cellelinjer inkludert livmorhals-adenokarsinom- og brystkarsinom-celler (Kimura, M., Matsuda, Y., Yoshioka, T. og Okano, Y. Cell cycle-dependent expression and centrosomal localization of a third human Aurora/Ipll-related protein kinase, AIK3. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 7334-7340 (1999). (Takahashi, T., et al. Centrosomal kinases, HsAIRkl and HsAIRK3, are overexpressed in primary colorectal cancers. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 91, 1007-1014 (2000)).
Basert på den kjente funksjonen til Aurora-kinasene, bør inhibering av deres aktivitet avbryte mitose som fører til at cellecykel stopper opp. In vivo saktner en Aurora-inhibitor derfor tumorvekst og induserer tilbaketrekking.
Forhøyede nivåer av alle Aurora-familiemedlemmer observeres i et stort mangfold av tumor-cellelinjer. Aurora-kinaser er overuttrykt i mange tumorer i menneske, og dette er rapportert å være forbundet med kromosomal ustabilitet i brysttumorer.
(Miyoshi et al 2001 92, 370-373).
Aurora-2 er svært uttrykt i mange tumor-cellelinjer i menneske, og nivåer øker som en funksjon av Dukes stadium i primære tykktarmscancere [Katayama, H. et al.
(Mitotic kinase expression and colorectal cancer progression) Journal of the National Cancer Institute 91, 1160-1162 (1999)]. Aurora-2 spiller en rolle i kontrollering av den nøyaktige segregeringen av kromosomer under mitoser. Feilregulering av cellecyklusen kan føre til cellulær proliferasjon og andre misdannelser. I tykktarms-cancervev i menneske har Aurora-2-proteinet blitt funnet å være overuttrykt [Bischoff et al., EMBOJ., 17, 3052-3065 (1998), Schumacher et al., J. Cell Biol., 143, 1635-1646 (1998), Kimura et al., J. Biol. Chem., 272, 13766-13771 (1997)]. Aurora-2 er overuttrykt i de fleste transformerte cellene. Bischoff et al fant høye nivåer av Aurora-2 i 96 % av cellelinjer avledet fra lunge-, tykktarm-, nyre-, melanom- og brysttumorer (Bischoff et al EMBO J. 1998 17, 3052-3065). To omfattende studier viser forhøyet Aurora-2-nivå i 54 % og 68 % (Bishoff et al EMBO J. 1998 17, 3052-3065)(Takahashi et al 2000 Jpn J Cancer Res. 91, 1007-1014) tilfeller av av tykktarmstumorer og i 94 % av tilfeller av invasive kanal-adenokarsinomer av brystet (Tanaka et al 1999 59, 2041-2044).
Aurora-l-ekspresjon er forhøyet i cellelinjer avledet fra tumorer i tykktarm, bryst, lunge, melanom, nyre, eggstokk, bukspyttkjertel, CNS, gastriske system og leukemi (Tatsuka et al 1998 58, 4811-4816).
Høye nivåer av Aurora-3 har blitt påvist i flere tumor-cellelinjer, selv om det er begrenset til testikler i normale vev (Kimura et al 1999 274, 7334-7340). Overekspresjon av Aurora-3 i en høy prosentdel (ca. 50 %) av tilfellene av tykktarmscancere har også blitt dokumentert (Takahashi et al 2000 Jpn J Cancer Res. 91, 1007-1014). I motsetning til dette er Aurora-familien uttrykt på et lavt nivå i de fleste normale vev, unntakene er vev med en høy andel av delingsceller slik som thymus og testikkel (Bischoff et al EMBO J. 1998 17, 3052-3065).
For videre gjennomgang av rollen som Aurora-kinasene har i proliferative forstyrrelser, se Bischoff, J.R. & Plowman, G.D. (The Aurora/Ipllp kinase family: regulators of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis) Trends in Cell Biology 9, 454-459 (1999); Giet, R. og Prigent, C. (Aurora/Ipllp-related kinases, a new oncogenic family of mitotic serine-threonine kinases) Journal of Cell Science 112, 3591-3601 (1999); Nigg, E.A. (Mitotic kinases as regulators of cell division and its checkpoints) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2, 21-32 (2001); Adams, R. R, Carmena, M. og Earnshaw, W.C. (Chromosomal passengers and the (aurora) ABCs of mitosis) Trends in Cell Biology 11, 49-54 (2001), og Dutertre, S., Descamps, S., & Prigent, P. (On the role of aurora-A in centrosome function) Oncogene 21, 6175-6183
(2002).
Type III-reseptor-tyrosinkinasen, FLT3, spiller en viktig rolle i opprettholdelse, vekst og utvikling av hematopoietiske og ikke-hematopoietiske celler. [Scheijen, B, Griffin JD, Oncogene, 2002, 21, 3314-3333 og Reilly, JT, British Journal of Haematology, 2002, 116, 744-757]. FLT-3 regulerer opprettholdelse av stamcelle/sammenslått tidlig progenitormateriale samt utviklingen av modne lymfe-og myeloidceller [Lyman, S, Jacobsen, S, Blood, 1998, 91, 1101-1134]. FLT-3 inneholder et intrinsisk kinasedomene som aktiveres ved ligand-mediert dimerisering av reseptorene. Ved aktivering induserer kinasedomenet autofosforylering av reseptoren samt fosforyleringen av forskjellige cytoplasma proteiner som hjelper til med å viderebefordre aktiveringssignalet som fører til vekst, differensiering og overlevelse. Noen av nedstrømsregulatorene av FLT-3-reseptorsignaliseringen inkluderer, PLCy, PI3-kinase, Grb-2, SHIP og Src-relaterte kinaser [Scheijen, B, Griffin JD, Oncogene, 2002, 21, 3314-3333]. FLT-3-kinase spiller en rolle i et mangfold av hematopoietiske og ikke-hematopoietiske ondartetheter. Mutasjoner som induserer liganduavhengig aktivering av FLT-3, har blitt implisert i akutt-myelogen leukemi (AML), akutt lymfocyttleukemi (ALL), mastocytose og gastrointestinal stromal-tumor (GIST). Disse mutasjonene inkluderer enkle aminosyreendringer i kinasedomenet eller intern tandemduplisering, punktmutasjoner eller delesjoner i leserammen i juxtamembranregionen til reseptorene. I tillegg til aktiverende mutasjoner, fører ligandavhengig (autocrine eller paracrine) stimulering av overuttrykt vill-type FLT-3 til den ondartede fenotypen [Scheijen, B, Griffin JD, Oncogene, 2002, 21, 3314-3333]. Se også Sawyer, Cl. (Finding the next Gleevec: FLT3 targeted kinase inhibitor therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia) Cancer Cell. 1, 413-415 (2002).
Tri- eller tetra-substituterte pyrimidinderivater nyttige som kinaseinhibitorer er kjent innen teknikken. Disse pyrimidinderivatene er typisk 2,4,6- eller 2,4,5,6-substituerte som vist under:
2,4,6-substitutert pyrimidin 2,4,5,6-substitutert pyrimidin
Kjente fremgangsmåter for fremstilling av slike pyrimidinderivater har mange ulemper ved syntese, slik som mangel på evnen til å regioselektivt introdusere substituenter på 2-, 4- eller 6-posisjonen i høye utbytter. Se M. Botta, Nucleosides Nucleotides, 13, 8, 1994, 1769-78, M. Ban, Bioorg. Med.Chem.,6, 7, 1998, 1057-68, Y. Fellahi, Eur.J.Med.Chem.Chim.Ther., 31, 1, 1996, 77-82, T.J. Delia, J.Het.Chem., 35, 2, 1998, 269-74; H. Uchel, Tetraheron Lett., 36, 52, 1995, 9457-60 og Y. Nezu, Pestic.Sci., 47, 2, 1996, 115-24.
OPPSUMMERING AV OPPFINNELSEN
Foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer nye forbindelser som er inhibitorer av Aurora-kinaser.
BESKRIVELSE AV OPPFINNELSEN
Foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer en forbindelse valgt fra forbindelser som har følgende strukturelle formler:
eller et farmasøytisk akseptabelt salt derav.
Anvendt her skal de følgende definisjonene anvendes dersom ikke noe annet er indikert.
Betegnelsen "Aurora" refererer til enhver isoform av Aurora-familen av proteinkinaser, inkludert Aurora-1, Aurora-2 og Aurora-3. Betegnelsen "Aurora" refererer også til isoformer av Aurora-familien av proteinkinaser kjent som Aurora-A, Aurora-B og Aurora-C.
Det vil være klart for en fagmann at visse forbindelser ifølge oppfinnelsen kan eksistere i tautomere former, alle slike tautomere former av forbindelsene er innenfor omfanget av oppfinnelsen.
Ifølge en annen utførelsesform tilveiebringer oppfinnelsen en sammensetning omfattende en forbindelse ifølge oppfinnelsen eller et farmasøytisk akseptabelt derivat derav og en farmasøytisk akseptabel bærer, adjuvans eller vehikkel. Mengden forbindelse i sammensetningene ifølge oppfinnelsen er slik at den er effektiv til å detekterbart inhibere en proteinkinase, spesielt Aurora- og/eller FLT-3-kinase, i en biologisk prøve eller i en pasient. Foretrukket er sammensetningen ifølge oppfinnelsen formulert for administrasjon til en pasient med behov for en slik sammensetning. Mest foretrukket er sammensetningen ifølge oppfinnelsen formulert for oral administrasjon til en pasient.
Betegnelsen "pasient", anvendt heri betyr et dyr, foretrukket et pattedyr og mest foretrukket et menneske.
Betegnelsen "farmasøytisk akseptabel bærer, adjuvans eller vehikkel" refererer til en ikke-toksisk bærer, adjuvans, eller vehikkel som ikke ødelegger den farmakologiske aktiviteten til forbindelsen med hvilken den er formulert. Farmasøytisk akseptable bærere, adjuvanser eller vehikler som kan anvendes i sammensetningene ifølge oppfinnelsen inkluderer, men er ikke begrenset til ionebyttere, alumina, aluminumstearat, lecitin, serumproteiner, slik som humant serumalbumin, buffersubstanser slik som fosfater, glysin, sorbinsyre, kaliumsorbat, partielle glyseridblandinger av mettede vegetabilske fettsyrer, vann, salter eller elektrolytter, slik som protaminsulfat, dinatriumhydrogenfosfat, kalium hydrogenfosfat, natriumklorid, sinksalter, kolloidalt silika, magnesiumtrisilikat, polyvinylpyrrolidon, cellulosebaserte substanser, polyetylenglykol, natriumkarboksymetyl-cellulose, polyakrylater, vokser, polyetylen-polyoksypropylen-blokkpolymerer, polyetylenglykol og ullfett.
Betegnelsen "detekterbart inhibere", som anvendt, heri betyr en målbar endring i proteinkinaseaktivitet mellom en prøve omfattende sammensetningen og proteinkinasen og en tilsvarende prøve omfattende proteinkinase i fravær av sammensetningen.
Et "farmasøytisk akseptabelt salt" betyr ethvert ikke-toksisk salt ifølge oppfinnelsen som ved administrasjon til en resipient, er i stand til å enten direkte eller indirekte tilveiebringe en forbindelse ifølge oppfinnelsen eller en inhibitorisk aktiv metabolitt eller residuum derav. Anvendt heri betyr betegnelsen "inhibitorisk aktiv metabolitt eller residuum derav" at en metabolitt eller et residuum derav også er en Aurora-og/eller en FLT-3-proteinkinaseinhibitor.
Farmasøytisk akseptable salter av forbindelsene ifølge oppfinnelsen inkluderer de avledet fra farmasøytisk akseptable uorganiske og organiske syrer og baser. Eksempler på egnede sure salter inkluderer acetat, adipat, alginat, aspartat, benzoat, benzensulfonat, bisulfat, butyrat, citrat, kamforat, kamfersulfonat, cyklopentanpropionat, diglukonat, dodecylsulfat, etansulfonat, format, fumarat, glukoheptanoat, glyserofosfat, glykolat, hemisulfat, heptanoat, heksanoat, hydroklorid, hydrobromid, hydrojodid, 2-hydroksyetansulfonat, laktat, maleat, malonat, metansulfonat, 2-naftalensulfonat, nikotinat, nitrat, oksalat, palmoat, pektinat, persulfat, 3-fenylpropionat, fosfat, pikrat, pivalat, propionat, salisylat, suksinat, sulfat, tartrat, tiocyanat, tosylat og undekanoat. Andre syrer, slik som oksalsyre, kan når de ikke i seg selv er farmasøytisk akseptable, anvendes ved fremstillingen av salter nyttige som intermediater for å oppnå forbindelsene ifølge oppfinnelsen og deres farmasøytisk akseptable syreaddisjonssalter.
Salter avledet fra egnede baser inkluderer alkaliemetall (for eksempel natrium og kalium), jordalkalimetall (foreksempel magnesium), ammonium- og N<+>(Ci-4-alkyl)4-salter. Denne oppfinnelsen ser også for seg kvarterniseringen av enhver basisk nitrogeninneholdende gruppe av forbindelsene beskrevet heri. Vann- eller oljeløselige produkter eller dispersible produkter kan oppnås ved slik kvaternisering.
Tabell 3 under viser representative salter av forbindelser med formel V ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Sammensetningene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan administreres oralt, parenteralt, ved inhalasjonsspray, topisk, rektalt, nasalt, bukkalt, vaginalt eller via et implantert reservoir.
Betegnelsen "parenteral" anvendt heri, inkluderer subkutane, intravenøse, intramuskulære, intra-artikulære, intra-synoviale, intrasternale, intratekale, intrahepatiske, intralesjonale og intrakraniale injeksjons- eller infusjonsteknikker. Foretrukket administreres sammensetningene oralt, intraperitonealt eller intravenøst. Sterile injiserbare former av sammensetningene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan være vandige eller oljeaholdige suspensjoner. Disse suspensjonene kan formuleres ifølge teknikker kjent innen teknikken ved anvendelse av egnede dispergerings- eller fuktemidler og suspenderingsmidler. Den sterile injiserbare fremstillingen kan også være en steril injiserbar løsning eller suspensjon i et ikke-toksisk parenteralt-aksepterbart fortynningsmiddel eller løsningsmiddel, for eksempel som en løsning i 1,3-butandiol. Blant de akseptable vehiklene og løsningsmidlene som kan anvendes, er vann, Ringers løsning og isoton natriumkloridløsning. I tillegg anvendes vanligvis sterile, fikserte oljer som et løsningsmiddel eller suspensjonsmiddel.
For dette formål kan enhver glatt fiksert olje anvendes inkludert syntetiske mono-eller di-glyserider. Fettsyrer, slik som oleinsyre og dens glyseridderivater, er nyttige ved fremstillingen av injiserbare preparater, og det er også naturlige farmasøytisk-akseptable oljer, slik som olivenolje eller lakserolje, spesielt i deres polyoksyetylerte versjoner. Disse oljeløsningene eller -suspensjonene kan også inneholde et lang-kjedet alkoholfortynningsmiddel eller dispergeringsmiddel, slik som karboksymetylcellulose eller lignende dispergeringsmidler som vanligvis anvendes ved formuleringen av farmasøytisk akseptable doseringsformer inkludert emulsjoner og suspensjoner. Andre alminnelig anvendte surfaktanter, slik som Tweens, Spans og andre emulgeringsmidler eller biotilgjengelighetsfremmere som vanligvis anvendes ved fremstillingen av farmasøytisk akseptable faste, flytende eller andre doseringsformer kan også anvendes for formuleringsformål.
De farmasøytisk akseptable sammensetningene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan administreres oralt i enhver akseptabel doseringsform inkludert, men ikke begrenset til kapsler, tabletter, vandige suspensjoner eller løsninger. I tilfellet av tabletter for oral anvendelse inkluderer bærere som vanligvis anvendes, laktose og maisstivelse. Smøremidler slik som magnesiumstearat settes typisk også til. For oral administrasjon i en kapselform inkluderer nyttige diluenter laktose og tørket masisstivelse. Nar vandige suspensjoner er nødvendig for oral anvendelse, kombineres den aktive ingrediensen med emulgeringsmidler og suspensjonsmidler. Om ønsket kan også visse søtningsmidler, smaksstoffer eller fargestoffer tilsettes.
Alternativt kan de farmasøytisk akseptable sammensetningene ifølge oppfinnelsen administreres i form av stikkpiller for rektal administrasjon. Disse kan fremstilles ved å blande middelet med en egnet ikke-irriterende tilsetning som er fast ved romtemperatur, men flytende ved rektal temperatur, og som derfor vil smelte i rektum for å frigi medisinen. Slike materialer inkluderer kakaosmør, bivoks og polyetylenglykoler.
De farmasøytisk akseptable sammensetningene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan også administreres topisk, spesielt når målet for behandlingen inkluderer områder eller organer lett tilgjengelige ved topisk anvendelse, inkludert sykdommer i øyet, på huden eller det nedre tarmsystemet. Egnede topiske formuleringer fremstilles enkelt for hvert av disse områdene eller organene.
Topisk anvendelse for det nedre tarmsystemet kan utformes i en rektal stikkpilleformulering (se over) eller i en egnet klysterformulering. Topisk-transdermale plaster kan også anvendes.
For topisk anvendelse kan de farmasøytisk akseptable sammensetningene formuleres i en egnet salve inneholdende den aktive komponenten suspendert eller oppløst i en eller flere bærere. Bærere for topisk administrasjon i forbindelsene ifølge oppfinnelsen inkluderer, men er ikke begrenset til mineralolje, flytende vaselin, hvit vaselin, propylenglykol, polyoksyetylen, polyoksypropylen-forbindelse, emulgerende voks og vann. Alternativt kan de farmasøytisk akseptable sammensetningene formuleres i en egnet losjon eller krem inneholdende den aktive komponenten suspendert eller oppløst i én eller flere farmasøytisk akseptable bærere. Egnede bærere inkluderer, men er ikke begrenset til mineralolje, sorbitanmonostearat, polysorbat 60, cetylestervoks, cetearylalkohol, 2-oktyldodekanol, benzylalkohol og vann.
For oftalmisk anvendelse kan de farmasøytisk akseptable sammensetningene formuleres som mikroniserte suspensjoner i isoton, pH-justert steril fysiologisk saltvannsoppløsning eller foretrukket som løsninger i isoton, pH-justert steril fysiologisk saltvannsoppløsning, enten med eller uten et konserveringsmiddel slik som benzylalkoniumklorid. For oftalmiske anvendelser kan de farmasøytisk akseptable sammensetningene alternativt formuleres i en salve slik som vaselin.
De farmasøytisk akseptable sammensetningene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan også administreres ved nesespray eller inhalering. Slike sammensetninger fremstilles i henhold til teknikker godt kjent innen fagområdet farmasøytisk formulering og kan fremstilles som løsninger i fysiologisk saltvann, ved anvendelse av benzylalkohol eller andre egnede konserveringsmidler, absorpsjonspromotorer for å fremme biotilgjengelighet, fluorkarboner og/eller andre vanlige solubiliserende midler eller dispergeringsmidler.
Mest foretrukket formuleres de farmasøytisk akseptable sammensetningene ifølge oppfinnelsen for oral administrasjon.
Mengden av forbindelsene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse som kan kombineres med bærermaterialene for å fremstille en sammensetning i en enkeldoseringsform, vil variere avhengig av pasienten som behandles, den spesielle administrasjonsmåten. Foretrukket bør sammensetningene formuleres slik at en dosering på mellom 0,01 og 100 mg/kg kroppsvekt/dag av inhibitoren kan administreres til en pasient som mottar disse sammensetningene.
Det bør også forstås at en spesifikk doserings- og behandlingskur for enhver spesiell pasient vil være avhengig av en mengde faktorer, inkludert aktiviteten til
den spesifikke forbindelsen som anvendes, alder, kroppsvekt, generell helse, kjønn, diett, tidspunktet for administrasjon, ekskresjonsrate, kombinasjon av medisiner og vurderingen til behandlende lege og alvorsgraden av den spesielle sykdommen som behandles. Mengden av en forbindelse ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse i
sammensetningen avhenger også av den spesielle forbindelsen i sammensetningen.
Avhengig av den spesielle tilstanden eller sykdommen som skal behandles eller forebygges, kan ytterligere terapeutiske midler som normalt administreres for å behandle eller forebygge den tilstanden, også foreligge i sammensetningene ifølge oppfinnelsen. Anvendt heri er ytterligere terapeutiske midler som normalt administreres for å behandle eller forebygge en spesiell sykdom eller tilstand, kjent som "egnet for sykdommen eller tilstanden som behandles".
Kjemoterapeutiske midler eller andre anti-proliferative midler kan for eksempel kombineres med forbindelsene ifølge oppfinnelsen for å behandle proliferative sykdommer og cancer. Eksempler på kjente kjemoterapeutiske midler inkluderer, men er ikke begrenset til Gleevec™, adriamycin, deksametason, vinkristin, cyklofosfamid, fluoruracil, topotekan, taksol, interferoner og platinaderivater.
Andre eksempler på midler inhibitorene ifølge oppfinnelsen også kan kombineres med, inkluderer uten begrensning: behandlinger for Alzheimers sykdom slik som Aricept<®>og Excelon<®>, behandlinger for Parkinsons sykdom slik som L-DOPA/karbidopa, entakapon, ropinirol, pramipexol, bromkriptin, pergolid, triheksefendyl og amantadin, midler for behandling av Multippel sklerose (MS) slik som beta-interferon (for eksempel Avonex<®>og Rebif<®>), Copaxone<®>og mitoksantron, behandlinger for astma slik som albuterol og Singulair<®>, midler for behandling av schizofreni slik som zyprexa, risperdal, seroquel og haloperidol, anti-inflammatoriske midler slik som kortikosteroider, TNF-blokkere, IL-1 RA, azatioprin, cyklofosfamid og sulfasalazin, immunmdulatoriske og immunsuppressive midler slik som cyklosporin, tacrolimus, rapamycin, mykofenolat mofetil, interferoner, kortikosteroider, cyklofosfamid, azatioprin og sulfasalazin, nevrotrofiske faktorer slik som acetyl kolinsterase-inhibitorer, MAO-inhibitorer, interferoner, anti-krampefremkallende midler, ionekanalblokkere, riluzol og anti-Parkinsonmidler, midler for behandling av kardiovaskulær sykdom slik som beta-blokkere, ACE-inhibitorer, diuretika, nitrater, kalsium-kanalblokkere og statiner, midler for behandling av leversykdommer slik som kortikosteroider, kolestyramin, interferoner og anti-virale midler, midler for behandling av blodforstyrrelser slik som kortikosteroider, anti-leukemimidler og vekstfaktorer og midler for behandling av immunsviktsforstyrrelser slik som gammaglobulin.
Ytterligere eksempler på kjemoterapeutiske midler eller andre anti-proliferative midler som kan kombineres med forbindelsene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse for behandling av proliferative sykdommer og cancer inkluderer, men er ikke begrenset til, For eksempel inkluderer andre terapier eller anti-cancermidler som kan anvendes i kombinasjon med de oppfinneriske anti-cancermidlene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, kirurgi, strålebehandling (i de fleste tilfeller, gamma-stråling, nøytronstråle-radioterapi, elektronstråle-radioterapi, protonterapi, brakyterapi og systemiske radioaktive isotoper, for å nevne noen få), endokrinterapi, midler for modifisering av biologisk respons interferoner, interleukiner og tumor nekrosefaktor (TNF) for å nevne noen få), hypertermi og kryoterapi, midler for å redusere enhver uheldig effekt (for eksempel antiemetika) og andre godkjente kjemoterapeutiske medikamenter, inkludert, men ikke begrenset til alkyleringsmedikamenter (mekloretamin, klorambucil, Cyklofosfamid, Melfalan, Ifosfamid), antimetabolitter (Metotreksat), purinantagonister og pyrimidinantagonister (6-Merkaptopurin, 5-Fluoruracil, Cytarabil, Gemcitabin), spindelgifter (Vinblastin, Vinkristin, Vinorelbin, Paklitaksel), podofyllotoksiner (Etoposid, Irinotecan, Topotecan), antibiotika (Doksorubicin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin), nitrosoureaer (Carmustin, Lomustin), uorganiske ioner (Cisplatin, Karboplatin), enzymer (Asparaginase) og hormoner (Tamoksifen, Leuprolid, Flutamid og Megestrol), Gleevec™, adriamycin, deksametason og cyklofosfamid. For en mer omfattende diskusjon av oppdaterte cancerterapier, se http:// www. nci. nih. gov/. en liste av de FDA-godkjente onkologimedikamentene på http:// www. fda. gov/ cder/ cancer/ druqlistframe. htm og The Merck Manual, 17. utgave 1999, hvis hele innhold er inkorporert heri ved referense.
Mengden ytterligere terapeutisk middel til stede i sammensetningene ifølge oppfinnelsen vil ikke være mer enn mengden som normalt administreres i en sammensetning omfattende det terapeutiske middelet som det eneste aktive middelet. Foretrukket vil mengden ytterligere terapeutisk middel i de herved beskrevne sammensetningene være i området fra om lag 50 % til 100 % av mengden normalt til stede i en sammensetning omfattende det middelet som det eneste terapeutisk aktive middelet.
For at oppfinnelsen beskrevet heri kan forstås bedre, følger eksemplene under. Det skal forstås at disse eksemplene kun er ment som illustrasjon, og de skal ikke forstås som begrensende for denne oppfinnelsen på noen måte.
EKSEMPLER
Generelt skjema:
Eksempel 1
4,6-diklorpyrimidin-2-metylsulfon (A): Fremstilt ved fremgangsmåter hovedsakelig like de beskrevet i Koppell et al, JOC, 26, 1961, 792, på følgende måte. En omrørt løsning av 4,6-diklor-2-(metyltio)pyrimidin (50 g, 0,26 mol) i diklormetan (1 I) ved 0 °C ble tilsatt metaklorperoksy-benzosyre (143,6 g, 0,64 mol) over en periode på 20 minutter. Løsningen ble tillatt å varmes til romtemperatur og ble omrørt i 4 timer. Blandingen ble fortynnet med diklormetan (1,5 I) og deretter behandlet sekvensielt med 50 % Na2S203/NaHC03-løsning (2 x 200 ml), mettet NaHC03-løsning (4 x 300 ml) og saltlake (200 ml) og deretter tørket (MgS04). Løsningsmiddelet ble fjernet in vacuo for å gi et offwhite faststoff som ble oppløst på nytt i EtOAc (1 I) og behandlet sekvensielt med mettet NaHC03-løsning (3 x 300 ml) og saltlake (100 ml) og deretter tørket (MgS04). Løsningsmiddelet ble fjernet in vacuo for å gi tittelforbindelsen (A) som et hvitt faststoff (55,6 g, 96 % utbytte).<X>H NMR CDCI35 3,40 (3H, s, CH3), 7,75 (1H, s, ArH).
Eksempel 2
Cyklopropankarboksylsyre-[4-(4,6-diklor-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-fenyl]-amid (C): En suspensjon av forbindelse A (10 g, 44,04 mmol) og cyklopropankarboksylsyre (4-merkapto-fenyl)-amid (B, 8,51 g, 44,04 mmol) i t-butanol (300 ml) ble avgasset ved evakuering og deretter skylt med nitrogen. Blandingen ble omrørt ved 90 °C under nitrogenatmosfære i 1 time, deretter ble løsningsmiddelet fjernet in vacuo. Residuet ble oppløst i etylacetat (600 ml) og vasket med en vandig løsning av kaliumkarbonat og natriumklorid. Det organiske ekstraktet ble tørket over magnesiumsulfat, konsentrert til et lavt volum og tillatt å krystallisere. Produktet C ble oppsamlet som fargeløse krystaller, (11,15 g, 74 %).
<1>H-NMR DMSO-d<6>, 5 0,82-0,89 (4H, m), 1,80-1,88 (1H, m), 7,55 (2H, d), 7,70-7,76 (3H, m), 10,49 (1H, s); M+H, 340.
Eksempel 3
Cyklopropankarboksylsyre{4-[4-klor-6-(5-metyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl]-fenyl} amid (D): En blanding av forbindelse C (1,0 g, 2,94 mmol) og 3-amino-5-metylpyrazol (314 mg, 3,23 mmol) i dimetylformamid (6 ml) ble behandlet med diisopropyletylamin (0,614 ml, 3,53 mmol) og natirumjodid (530 mg, 3,53 mmol). Blandingen ble omrørt under nitrogen ved 85 °C i 4 timer, kjølt til romtemperatur og fortynnet med etylacetat. Løsningen ble vasket med vann (x 4), tørket over magnesiumsulfat og konsentrert til 5 ml for å gi, ved krystallisering og innhøsting av fargeløse krystaller, tittelforbindelsen D (920 mg, 78 %).<1>H-NMR DMSO-d<6>, 5 0,80-0,87 (4H, m), 1,77-1,85 (1H, m), 1,92 (1H, s), 5,24 (1H, br s), 6,47 (1H, br s), 7,55 (2H, d), 7,70-7,80 (2H, m), 10,24 (1H, s), 10,47 (1H, s), 11,92 (1H, s).
Eksempel 4
Cyklopropankarboksylsyre{4-[4-(4-metyl-piperazin-l-yl)-6-(5-metyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl]-fenyl}-amid (V-l): Forbindelse D (2,373 g, 5,92 mmol) ble behandlet med N-metylpiperazin (10 ml), og blandingen ble omrørt ved 110 °C i 2 timer. Det overskytende N-metylpiperazinet ble fjernet in vacuo, deretter ble residuet oppløst i etylacetat, vasket med vandig natriumbikarbonatløsning, tørket over magnesiumsulfat og konsentrert. Residuet ble krystallisert fra metanol for å gi fargeløse krystaller av ønsket produkt V-l (1,82 g, 66 %),<1>H-NMR DMSO-d<6>, 5 0,81 (4H, d), 1,79 (1H, m), 2,01 (3H, s), 2,18 (3H, s), 2,30 (4H, m), 3,35 (maskert signal), 5,42 (1H, s), 6,02 (1H, br s), 7,47 (2H, d), 7,69 (2H, d), 9,22 (1H, s), 10,39 (1H, s), 11,69 (1H, s).
Eksempel 8
Cyklopropankarboksylsyre{4-[4-(4-metyl-piperazin-l-yl)-6-(5-metyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl]-fenyl}-amidmetansulfonat (V-lii): Forbindelse V-l (515 mg, 1,11 mmol) ble suspendert i etanol (80 ml) og varmet til refluks. Den klare løsningen ble tilsatt metansulfonsyre (106 mg, 1,11 mmol), og reaksjonsblandingen ble refluksert i ytterligere 10 minutter. Blandingen ble tillatt å kjøle til romtemperatur og løsningsmiddelet ble fordampet til et presipitat begynte å dannes. Blandingen ble deretter avkjølt til 0 °C, og det resulterende presipitatet oppsamlet ved filtrering før det ble tørket under vakuum for å gi tittelforbindelsen som et hvitt faststoff (290 mg, 47 %);<X>H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) 0,81-0,82 (4H, d), 1,82 (1H, m), 2,36 (6H, s), 2,83 (3H, d), 3,03-3,12 (4H, m), 3,40-3,47 (2H, m), 3,79 (br s, OH), 4,14-4,18 (2H, m), 5,50 (1H, s), 6,05 (1H, s), 7,49 (2H, d), 7,72 (2H, d), 9,61 (1H, s), 10,41 (1H, br s), 10,80 (1H, s).
Eksempel 9
De følgende forbindelsene beskrevet i tabell 4 under ble fremstilt i henhold til fremgangsmåtene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse og ved fremgangsmåter hovedsakelig like de beskrevet i eksempel 1 til 8 over. De karakteriserende dataene for disse forbindelsene er oppsumert i tabell 4 under og inkluderer<1>H NMR, smeltepunkt (smp.) og massespektrums(MS)-data.
Dersom ikke annet er indikert, ble hver angitte<1>H NMR, vist i tabell 4, oppnådd ved 400 MHz i deuterert dimetylsulfoksid (dmso-d6).
BIOLOGISKE ASSAY
Aktiviteten forbindelsene ifølge oppfinnelsen har som kinaseinhibitorer kan prøves in vitro, in vivo eller i en cellelinje. In wfro-assayer inkluderer assayer som bestemmer inhibering av enten kinaseaktiviteten eller ATPase-aktiviteten til aktivert Aurora og/eller FLT-3-enzym. Alternativt kvantifiserer in wfro-assayer inhibitorens evne til å bindes til Aurora og/eller FLT-3 og kan måles enten ved å radiomerke inhibitoren før binding, isolere inhibitoren/Aurora- og/eller inhibitoren/FLT-3- komplekset og bestemme mengden bundet radiomerket materiale eller ved å kjøre et konkurranseeksperiment der forbindelser inkuberes med Aurora og/eller FLT-3 bundet til kjente radioligander. Det kan anvendes enhver type eller isoform av Aurora, avhengig av hvilken Aurora-type eller -isoform det er som skal inhiberes. Detaljene for betingelsene anvendt i de enzymatiske assayene er beskrevet i eksemplene under.
Eksempel 10
Kj-bestemmeise for Aurora-inhiberingen
Forbindelser ble på følgende måte screenet for deres evne til å inhibere Aurora ved anvendelse av et standard koblet enzymassay (Fox et al (1998) Protein Sei 7, 2249). Til en assay-stambufferløsning inneholdende 0,1 m HEPES 7,5, 10 mM MgCI2, 1 mM DTT, 25 mM NaCI, 2,5 mM fosfoenolpyruvat, 300 mM NADH, 30 mg/ml pyruvatkinase, 10 mg/ml laktat dehydrogenase, 40 mM ATP og 800 uM peptid (LRRASLG, American Peptide, Sunnyvale, CA) ble det tilsatt en DMSO-løsning av en forbindelse ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse til en endelig konsentrasjon på 30 uM. Den resulterende blandingen ble inkubert ved 30 °C i 10 minutter. Reaksjonen ble initiert ved å tilsette 10 pl Aurora stamløsning for å gi en endelig konsentrasjon på 70 nM i assayet. Reaksjonshastighetene ble oppnådd ved å overvåke absorbans ved 340 nm over en 5 minutters lesetid ved 30 °C ved anvendelse av en BioRad Ultramark plateleser (Hercules, CA). Krverdiene ble bestemt fra hastighetsdataene som en funksjon av inhibitorkonsentrasjon.
Forbindelser ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse ble funnet å være inhibitorer av Aurora-1, Aurora-2 og Aurora-3.
Eksempel 11
Kj-bestem meise for FLT-3-inhiberingen
Forbindelser ble screenet for deres evnet til å inhibere FLT-3-aktivitet ved anvendelse av et radiometrisk filter-bindingsassay. Dette assayet overvåker<33>P-inkorporeringen inn i et substrat poly(Glu, Tyr) 4:1 (pE4Y). Reaksjoner ble utført i en løsning inneholdende 100 mM HEPES (pH 7,5), 10 mM MgCI2, 25 mM NaCI, 1 mM DTT, 0,01 % BSA og 2,5 % DMSO. Endelige substratkonsentrasjoner i assayet var 90 pM ATP og 0,5 mg/ml pE4Y (begge fra Sigma Chemicals, St Louis, MO). Den endelige konsentrasjonen av en forbindelse ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er generelt mellom 0,01 og 5 pM. Typisk ble en 12-punkts titrering gjennomført ved å fremstille seriefortynninger fra 10 mM DMSO-stamløsning av testforbindelse. Reaksjoner ble utført ved romtemperatur.
To assayløsninger ble fremstilt. Løsning 1 inneholder 100 mM HEPES (pH 7,5), 10 mM MgCI2, 25 mM NaCI, 1 mg/ml pE4Y og 180 pM ATP(inneholdende 0,3 pCi av [y-<33>P]ATP for hver reaksjon). Løsning 2 inneholder 100 mM HEPES (pH 7,5), 10 mM MgCI2, 25 mM NaCI, 2 mM DTT, 0,02 % BSA og 3 nM FLT-3. Assayet ble kjørt på en 96-brønners plate ved å blande 50 pl hver av løsning 1 og 2,5 ml av forbindelsene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Reaksjonen ble initiert med løsning 2. Etter inkubering i 20 minutter ved romtemperatur ble reaksjonen stoppet med 50 pl 20 % TCA inneholdende 0,4 mM ATP. Hele reaksjonsvolumet ble deretter overført til en filterplate og vasket med 5 % TCA med en Harvester 9600 fra TOMTEC (Hamden, CT). Mengden<33>P-inkorporering i pE4y ble analysert ved en Packard Top Count Microplate Scintillation Counter (Meriden, CT). Dataene ble tilpasset ved anvendelse av Prism-program for å få en IC50eller Ki.
Forbindelser ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse ble funnet å være inhibitorer av FLT-3.
Eksempel 12
IC50-bestemmeise for Aurora-inhiberingen i et Colo205- celleassay
Forbindelser ble også testet for inhiberingen av celleproliferasjion. I dette assayet ble et fullstendig media fremstilt ved å sette 10 % fetalt bovinserum, L-glutamin og penicillin/streptomycin-løsning til RPMI 1640 medium (Sigma). Coloncancerceller (COLO-205-cellelinje) ble satt til en 96-brønners plate med en såtetthet på 1,25 x 104 celler/brønn/150 pl. En løsning med testforbindelse ble fremstilt i fullstendig media ved seriefortynning, og testforbindelseløsningen (50 pl) ble satt til hver per brønn.
Hver plate inneholdt en serie brønner hvori kun fullstendig media (200 pl) ble satt til for å danne en kontrollgruppe for å måle maksimal proliferasjon. En vehikkelkontrollgruppe ble også satt til hver plate. Platene ble inkubert ved 37 °C i 2 dager. En stamløsning av<3>H-tymidin (1 mCi/ml, Amersham Phamacia UK) ble fortynnet til 20 pCi/ml i RPMI medium, deretter ble 25 pl av denne løsningen satt til hver brønn. Platene ble videre inkubert ved 37 °C i 3 timer, deretter høstet og analysert med hensyn på<3>H-tymdinopptak ved anvendelse av en væske-scintillasjonsteller.
Forbindelser ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse ble funnet å være inhibitorer av proliferasjon av Colo205-cancerceller.
Eksempel 13
Måling av celleproliferasjon i et panel av tumorcelletyper og normale celletyper:
<3>H-tymidin inkorporasjonsassay
<3>H-tymidin-inkorporerte-assayet ble valgt som en godtkarakterisertfremgangsmåte for å bestemme celleproliferasjon. Celler fra normale vev og en rekke forskjellige tumortyper ble valgt for analyse. Mange av tumorcellene ble valgt da de uttrykker høye nivåer av Aurora-proteiner (for eksempel MCF-7, PC3, A375, A549) (Se seksjon 5.3.5 og Bischoff et al EMBO J. 1998 17, 3052-3065) og/eller er i stand til å danne tumorer i nakne mus eller rotter (for eksempel HCT116, MCF-7 og MDA-MB-231).
Logaritmisk voksende celler ble inkubert med forbindelse i 96 timer. For å måle celleproliferasjon ble 0,5 pCi av<3>H-tymidin satt til hver brønn 3 timer før slutten av eksperimentet. Celler ble deretter høstet, vasket og inkorporert radioaktiviteten talt på en Wallac-mikroplate beta-teller. For å bestemme proliferasjoninhiberingen ble cpm plottet mot forbindelsekonsentrasjon, og IC50ble grafisk bestemt.
Tabell 5 under beskriver cellelinjene anvendt i celleproliferasjonsassayet beskrevet over. For hver cellelinje ble celleproliferasjoninhiberingen og<3>H-tymidininkorporering (96 timers tidspunkt) bestemt.
Mens en rekke utførelsesformer ifølge oppfinnelsen har blitt beskrevet, er det klart at de grunnleggende eksemplene kan endres for å gi andre utførelsesformer som anvender forbindelsene og fremgangsmåtene ifølge oppfinnelsen. Det skal derfor forstås at oppfinnelsens omfang defineres av de vedlagte kravene og ikke i de spesifiserte utførelsesformene som har blitt vist som eksempler.
Claims (7)
1. Forbindelse,
karakterisert vedat den er valgt fra forbindelser som har følgende strukturelle formler
eller et farmasøytisk akseptabelt salt derav.
2. Forbindelse ifølge krav 1,
karakterisert vedat den har følgende strukturelle formel
eller et farmasøytisk akseptabelt salt derav.
3. Forbindelse ifølge krav 1,
karakterisert vedat det er sulfatsaltet av forbindelsen som har følgende strukturelle formel
4. Forbindelse ifølge krav 1,
karakterisert vedat det er laktatsaltet av forbindelsen som har følgende strukturelle formel
5. Anvendelse av forbindelse ifølge krav 2 ved fremstilling av et medikament som er anvendelig ved behandling av leukemi.
6. Anvendelse av forbindelse ifølge krav 2 ved fremstilling av et medikament som er anvendelig ved behandling av akutt-myelogen leukemi eller akutt lymfocytisk leukemi.
7. Farmasøytisk sammensetning omfattende en forbindelse ifølge ethvert av krav 1-4 og en farmasøytisk akseptabel bærer, adjuvans eller vehikkel.
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