KR102592237B1 - 실리콘:실리콘 규산리튬 복합체 기질에 매립된 나노 실리콘 입자를 가지는 실리콘-실리콘 산화물-리튬 복합체 재료와 이의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
실리콘:실리콘 규산리튬 복합체 기질에 매립된 나노 실리콘 입자를 가지는 실리콘-실리콘 산화물-리튬 복합체 재료와 이의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102592237B1 KR102592237B1 KR1020177028001A KR20177028001A KR102592237B1 KR 102592237 B1 KR102592237 B1 KR 102592237B1 KR 1020177028001 A KR1020177028001 A KR 1020177028001A KR 20177028001 A KR20177028001 A KR 20177028001A KR 102592237 B1 KR102592237 B1 KR 102592237B1
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- sslc
- silicon
- lithiated
- sio
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Classifications
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/0459—Electrochemical doping, intercalation, occlusion or alloying
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 이 명세서의 구체적인 예에 따른 대표적인 탈리튬화 반응기의 개략도이다.
도 3A~3C는 SiOx (x=1) 대표적인 미세구조 특성과, 이 명세서의 구체적인 예에 따라 생성된 예비 리튬화 SSLC의 대표적인 미세구조 특성과, 이 명세서의 구체적인 예에 따라 생성된 탈리튬화 SSLC의 대표적인 미세구조 특성을 각각 도시한 것이다.
Claims (18)
- 실리콘:실리콘 산화물:리튬 복합체 (SSLC) 재료의 제조 방법으로서, 상기 방법은
(1) 예비 리튬화 공정을 수행하여 예비 리튬화 SSLC 재료를 제조하는 단계; 및
(2) 예비 리튬화 공정에 이어 탈리튬화 공정을 수행하여 탈리튬화 SSLC 재료를 제조하는 단계를 포함하되,
상기 단계 (1)의 예비 리튬화 공정은
(1)-① 실리콘 산화물 분말 및 리튬 분말을 밀링하는 단계를 포함하는 기계적 혼합 과정을 통하여 부분적 리튬화 SSLC 재료를 제조하는 단계; 및
(1)-② 자발적 리튬화 과정을 통해서 추가 예비 리튬화 SSLC 재료를 제조하는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 (1)-② 단계는
부분적 리튬화 SSLC 재료 기질 재료를 압착하는 단계; 및
압착된 부분적 리튬화 SSLC 재료를 리튬계 전해질에 노출시키는 단계를 포함하는데, 여기서 자발적 리튬화 과정은 리튬 확산에 의해 SSLC 재료내에서 미반응 리튬이 사라지고 규화 리튬의 균일한 조성물이 얻어질 때까지 부분적 리튬화 SSLC 재료 내의 미반응 리튬과 SiOx의 반응을 완료하는 과정이고,
상기 단계 (2)의 탈리튬화 공정은
(2)-① 압착된 추가 예비 리튬화 SSLC 재료를 액체 담체 매질에 분산시켜 분산된 예비 리튬화 SSLC 재료를 생성하는 단계; 및
(2)-② 분산된 예비 리튬화 SSLC 재료 내의 규화 리튬과 1종 이상의 유기 용매 반응이 중단될 때까지, 분산된 예비 리튬화 SSLC 재료를 1종 이상의 소정 부피의 유기 용매에 노출시켜 분산된 예비 리튬화 SSLC 재료 내의 규화 리튬과 1종 이상의 유기 용매를 반응시키고 분산된 예비 리튬화 SSLC 재료로부터 리튬을 추출하는 단계로서, 여기서 상기 1종 이상의 소정 부피의 유기 용매는 분산된 예비 리튬화 SSLC 재료 내의 규화 리튬과 반응하는 것과 관련하여 저장소로서 작용하는 단계를 포함하며,
여기서 상기 탈리튬화 SSLC 재료는 내부에 나노 실리콘 입자가 매립되어 있는 소성 변형가능한 다공성 Si:규산 리튬 복합체 (Si:LSC) 기질을 포함하는 것인 실리콘:실리콘 산화물:리튬 복합체 (SSLC) 재료의 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 탈리튬화 SSLC 재료의 규화 리튬 함량은 0.5 중량% 미만인 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 탈리튬화 SSLC 재료는 입도가 1~10㎛이고, Si:LSC 기질은 과립 크기가 10~200 nm로 나타나고, 나노 실리콘 입자는 입도가 5~80 nm인 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 탈리튬화 SSLC 재료는 실리콘 함량이 37 중량%~60 중량%, 산소 함량은 25 중량%~43 중량% 그리고 리튬 함량은 10 중량%~20 중량%인 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 탈리튬화 SSLC 재료는 실리콘 37 중량%, 리튬 18 중량% 그리고 산소 43 중량%를 포함하는 조성물인 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 액체 담체 매질은 비양성자성 용매를 포함하고, 1종 이상의 유기 용매는 알콜을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 액체 담체 매질은 헥산을 포함하고, 1종 이상의 유기 용매는 에탄올, 글리세롤 및/또는 폴리비닐 알콜 (PVA)를 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 실리콘 산화물 분말은 SiOx (0.8<x<1.6)으로 특징지어지고, 기계적 혼합 과정은 실리콘 산화물 분말을 리튬 분말로 밀링하는 단계를 포함하고, 리튬 분말은 SLMP®를 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 예비 리튬화 과정 전에 제1 전기 전도도 향상 공정을 수행하는 것을 추가로 포함하며, 상기 제1 전기 전도도 향상 공정은 실리콘 산화물 분말을 탄소계 재료로 볼 밀링하는 단계, 및 실리콘 산화물 분말을 탄소계 재료로 코팅하는 단계 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제9항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서, 탈리튬화 공정 후에 제2 전기 전도도 향상 공정을 수행하는 것을 추가로 포함하며, 상기 제2 전기 전도도 향상 공정은 실리콘 산화물 분말을 탄소계 재료로 볼 밀링하는 단계, 및 실리콘 산화물 분말을 탄소계 재료로 코팅하는 단계 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 탄소계 재료는 1종 이상의 흑연, 카본 블랙, 버키볼, 탄소 나노튜브, 탄소 메가튜브 및 탄소 나노버드를 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항의 제조 방법으로 제조되고, 규화리튬 함량이 0.5 중량% 미만, 실리콘 함량이 37 중량%~60 중량%, 산소 함량은 25 중량%~43 중량% 그리고 리튬 함량은 10 중량%~20 중량%인, 탈리튬화 실리콘:실리콘 산화물:리튬 복합체 (SSLC) 재료.
- 제12항에 있어서, 2차 전지 셀 음극 제조 공정에 사용되기 위한 것인, 탈리튬화 실리콘:실리콘 산화물:리튬 복합체 (SSLC) 재료.
- 제12항에 기재된 실리콘:실리콘 산화물:리튬 복합체 (SSLC) 음극 활성 재료를 가지고, 비가역적인 용량 손실을 15% 미만으로 나타내는 리튬 이온 전지 셀.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 리튬 이온 전지 셀은 비가역적인 용량 손실을 12% 미만 또는 10% 미만으로 나타내는 것인 리튬 이온 전지 셀.
- 제14항에 있어서, 리튬 이온 전지 셀의 음극은 리튬 이온 전지 셀의 충전 및 방전에 따라 부피 변화 10~35%를 나타내는 것인 리튬 이온 전지 셀.
- 제15항에 있어서, 리튬 이온 전지 셀의 음극은 리튬 이온 전지 셀의 충전 및 방전에 따라 부피 변화 10~35%를 나타내는 것인 리튬 이온 전지 셀.
- 제16항 또는 제17항에 있어서, 음극은 리튬 이온 전지 셀의 충전 및 방전에 따라 평균 부피 변화 20%를 나타내는 것인 리튬 이온 전지 셀.
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