KR100903804B1 - 개질막 - Google Patents
개질막 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100903804B1 KR100903804B1 KR1020037006472A KR20037006472A KR100903804B1 KR 100903804 B1 KR100903804 B1 KR 100903804B1 KR 1020037006472 A KR1020037006472 A KR 1020037006472A KR 20037006472 A KR20037006472 A KR 20037006472A KR 100903804 B1 KR100903804 B1 KR 100903804B1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
- B01D67/00933—Chemical modification by addition of a layer chemically bonded to the membrane
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- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0018—Thermally induced processes [TIPS]
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- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/40—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
- B01D71/403—Polymers based on the polymerisation of maleic acid or derivatives thereof
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
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- B01D2325/24—Mechanical properties, e.g. strength
Abstract
Description
PVDF | 17.1 g (17%) |
LiCl | 3.54 g (3.5%) |
PVP/VA S630 | 2.73 g (2.7%) |
간트레즈 | 3.09 g (3.1%) |
NMP | 74.3 g (73.7%) |
100.76 g | |
PVP/VA S630은 폴리비닐피롤리돈/비닐 아세테이트 공중합체이다. NMP는 N-메틸 피롤리돈이다. |
PVDF | 17.04 g (16.8%) |
간트레즈 (상표명) | 3.44 g (3.4%) |
LiCl | 3.88 g (3.8%) |
NMP | 77.02 g (76%) |
101.38 g |
도핑 용액 1 | 도핑 용액 2 | 도핑 용액 3 | 도핑 용액 4 | |
PVDF | 119.3 (17%) | 103.76 (17.2%) | 102.49 (17%) | 102.61 (17%) |
간트레즈 | 21.44 (3.1%) | 18.43 (3.1%) | 18.35 (3.1%) | |
S630 | 18.62 (2.7%) | 16.05 (2.7%) | 15.93 (2.65%) | 15.66 (2.6%) |
LiCl | 21.09 (3%) | 18.02 (3.0%) | 18.32 (3.05%) | 18.66 (3.1%) |
NMP | 520.6 (74.2%) | 446.49 (74.1%) | 464.6 (77.3%) | 446.61 (74.2%) |
총계 | 701.05 | 602.75 | 601.34 | 601.89 |
도핑 펌프 속도 | 루멘 (Lumen) 펌프 속도 | 윈더 (Winder) 펌프 속도 | |
도핑 용액 1 | 150 | 400 | 300 |
도핑 용액 2 | 350 | 200 | 800 |
도핑 용액 3 | 350 | 200 | 800 |
도핑 용액 4 | 250 | 170 | 645 |
겔을 형성한 도핑 제제 | |||
도핑 용액 3 | 도핑 용액 4 | 도핑 용액 5 | |
PVDF | 122.14 (20.3%) | 121.49 (20.1%) | 100.56 (20%) |
간트레즈 | 18.14 (3%) | 15.24 (3%) | |
S630 | 15.94 (2.6%) | 15.78 (2.6%) | |
당 | |||
LiCl | 18.65 (3.1%) | 19.61 (3.2%) | 15.62 (3.1%) |
NMP | 428.29 (71%) | 449.02 (74.1%) | 371.2 (73.9%) |
물 | |||
총계 | 603.16 | 605.9 | 502.62 |
메틸오렌지 처리전 샘플 | 메틸오렌지 처리후 샘플 | 사프라닌 처리전 샘플 | 사프라닌 처리후 샘플 | |
TEP | 4.5 | 3.294 | 3.354 | 3.159 |
TRIS | 4.5 | 3.178 | 3.243 | 3.131 |
PEG-200 | 3.466 | 3.193 | 3.243 | 3.289 |
CaCO3 | 4.5 | 3.275 | 3.216 | 2.582 |
부탄올 | 3.876 | 3.178 | 3.203 | 3.132 |
H2SO4 | 3.165 | 3.224 | 3.392 | 2.943 |
메틸오렌지 처리전 샘플 | 염료 처리후 막 | pH 7의 완충 정제가 포함된 염료 처리후 막 | |
TEP | 0.423 | 0.219 | 0.185 |
TRIS | 0.429 | 0.411 | 0.367 |
PEG-200 | 0.411 | 0.390 | 0.350 |
부탄올 | 0.429 | 0.394 | 0.373 |
H2SO4 | 0.440 | 0.139 | 0.402 |
CaCO3 | 0.427 | 0.369 | 0.362 |
습윤 | 건조 | |
TEP | 32.32±7.65 | 47.20±4.78 |
TRIS | 34.05±7.12 | 50.13±9.51 |
PEG | 60.51±8.69 | 33.62±5.55 |
H2SO4 | 22.57±2.53 | 21.63±1.56 |
CaCO3 | 24.19±8.11 | 26.30±5.11 |
부탄올 | 30.80±6.57 |
간트레즈가 없는 도핑 용액 | 간트레즈 도핑 용액 | 키나르 500 도핑 용액 | |
TEP | 49.46±9.54 | 23.64±5.13 | 58.8±6.13 |
TRIS | 54.46±10.32 | 17.18±2.308 | 77.75±10.78 |
PEG | 90.25±11.60 | 52.75±4.158 | 123.0±9.1 |
H2SO4 | 48.28±7.44 | 6.008±0.868 | 47.18±13.13 |
Na2CO3 | 40.55±13.93 | 18.30±2.41 | 67.74±9.25 |
부탄올 | 60.86±6.60 | 8.338±3.415 | 31.48±3.77 |
물 | 44.85±8.79 | 7.385±2.973 |
유동시간@100 kPa | 유동시간 @400 kPa | 섬유 수 | 길이 (m) | OD (mm) | LMH @ 100 kPa | LMH @ 400 kPa | |
TRIS | 39.3 | 15.0 | 4 | 0.6 | 0.85 | 143.005 | 374.672 |
PEG | 36.5 | 10.4 | 4 | 0.6 | 0.85 | 153.975 | 540.393 |
H2SO4 | 128.2 | 33.6 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.85 | 52.606 | 200.717 |
부탄올 | 116.4 | 34.3 | 4 | 0.4 | 0.85 | 72.424 | 245.776 |
CaCO3 | 53.4 | 14.6 | 4 | 0.55 | 0.85 | 114.813 | 419.931 |
간트레즈 부재 | 간트레즈 존재 | 섬유 수 | 길이 (m) | OD (㎛) | 간트레즈 부재 경우의 LMH | 간트레즈 존재 경우의 LMH | |
TRIS | 127.4 | 379.3 | 6 | 0.45 | 1000 | 33.330 | 11.195 |
PEG | 38.1 | 965.8 | 6 | 0.5 | 1100 | 91.187 | 3.597 |
H2SO4 | 95.3 | 3534.1 | 6 | 0.5 | 1000 | 40.101 | 1.081 |
부탄올 | 70.7 | 6 | 0.5 | 1000 | 54.055 | ||
NaCO3 | 84.7 | 6 | 0.55 | 1000 | 41.018 | ||
TEP | 123.9 | 6 | 0.55 | 1000 | 28.041 | ||
물 | 275.7 | 6 | 0.5 | 1000 | 13.862 |
Claims (69)
- 중합체막 형성 물질과, 상기 중합체막 형성 물질만으로부터 형성된 다공성 중합체막에 비해 다공성 중합체막의 표면 활성 특성을 개질시키기 위해 채택된 반응성 개질제로서의 무수물의 블렌드로부터 형성되고, 이 때 상기 중합체막 형성 물질은 상기 반응성 개질제에 대해 불활성인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항에 있어서, 중합체막 형성 물질이 PVDF인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 중합체막 형성 물질이 소수성 PVDF인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항에 있어서, 중합체막 형성 물질이 폴리술폰인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제4항에 있어서, 중합체막 형성 물질이 폴리술폰, 폴리에테르 술폰, 폴리아릴 술폰, 폴리알킬 술폰 또는 폴리아르알킬 술폰으로부터 선택된 것인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제4항 또는 제5항에 있어서, 폴리술폰이 폴리페닐 술폰인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제가 화학물질 종에 대한 막 표면의 반응성을 개질시키는 것인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제가 막의 친수성/소수성 균형을 개질시키는 것인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제가 막의 표면 전하를 개질시키는 것인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제가 선형 중합체 무수물인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제가 말레산 무수물 공중합체인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제가 폴리(알킬 비닐 에테르/말레산 무수물)인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제가 분자량 5×104 내지 5×107의 폴리(메틸 비닐 에테르/말레산 무수물)인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제가 분자량 8.72×105 내지 1.25×106의 폴리(메틸 비닐 에테르/말레산 무수물)인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제가 분자량 2.13×105 내지 1.89×106의 폴리(메틸 비닐 에테르/말레산 무수물)인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 표면 무수물 부위를 포함하는 다공성 중합체막.
- 제17항에 있어서, 상기 표면 무수물이 아민과 반응하여 아미드 결합을 형성한 형태, 알콜과 반응하여 에스테르 결합을 형성한 형태, 폴리올과 반응하여 가교결합된 폴리에스테르층을 형성한 형태, 황산과 반응한 형태 또는 탄산칼슘과 반응한 형태인 다공성 중합체막.
- 삭제
- 제18항에 있어서, 상기 표면 무수물이 폴리아민과 반응하여 가교결합된 폴리아미드층을 형성한 것인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제20항에 있어서, 상기 아민이 테트라에틸렌펜트아민 (TEP) 또는 트리스-(히드록시메틸) 아미노메탄 (TRIS)으로부터 선택된 것인 다공성 중합체막.
- 삭제
- 제18항에 있어서, 상기 표면 활성 무수물이 부탄올과 반응한 것인 다공성 중합체막.
- 삭제
- 제18항에 있어서, 상기 폴리올이 폴리에틸렌 글리콜인 다공성 중합체막.
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 막의 표면에 (-)전하가 존재하는 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 높은 투과도를 갖는 다공성 중합체막.
- 삭제
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 중공성 섬유인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 편평한 쉬이트 (sheet)인 다공성 중합체막.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 균일한 벽 두께를 갖는 다공성 중합체막.
- 삭제
- 반응성 개질제로서의 무수물을 벌크 물질로의 혼입에 의해 표면 활성 다공성 중합체막에 블렌딩시키며, 이 때 상기 표면 활성 다공성 중합체막은 상기 반응성 개질제로서의 무수물에 대해 불활성인, 다공성 중합체막의 제조 방법.
- 제35항에 있어서, 중합체막 형성 물질을 막 형성 전에 또는 막 형성 중에 반응성 개질제와 블렌딩시키는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제를 막의 캐스팅 전에 중합체막 형성 물질에 첨가하는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제를 비반응된 형태로 첨가하는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제를 아민, 알콜, 폴리올, 황산 및 탄산칼슘 중 하나 이상과 반응된 형태로 첨가하는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 다공성 중합체막에 혼입된 반응성 개질제가 막으로의 혼입 이후에 화학적 개질을 수행하는 방법.
- 제40항에 있어서, 화학적 개질이 막을 친수성이 되게 하는 가수분해인 방법.
- 제40항에 있어서, 화학적 개질이 가교결합인 방법.
- 제40항에 있어서, 화학적 개질이 테트라에틸렌펜트아민 (TEP), 트리스-(히드록시메틸) 아미노메탄 (TRIS), 황산 (H2SO4), 폴리에틸렌 글리콜 (PEG) 및 탄산칼슘 (CaCO3) 중 하나 이상으로의 처리인 방법.
- 제40항에 있어서, 화학적 개질이 가교결합성 아민으로의 처리에 의해 아미드 결합을 형성하는 것인 방법.
- 제44항에 있어서, 혼입도 및 가교결합 정도가 막을 역삼투에 적합하게 구성하도록 선택되는 것인, 다공성 중합체막의 제조 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제가, 막 형성 전에 또는 막 형성 중에, 표면 활성 다공성 중합체막에 혼합된 전구체가 단일상 혼합물이 되도록 하는 양으로 중합체막 형성 물질에 혼입되는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 다공성 중합체막이 중공성 섬유막으로 형성되는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 다공성 중합체막이 편평한 쉬이트막으로 형성되는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 다공성 중합체막이 PVDF 17 중량%, LiCl 3.5 중량%, 폴리비닐피롤리돈/비닐 아세테이트 공중합체 2.7 중량%, 폴리(메틸 비닐 에테르/말레산 무수물) 3.1 중량% 및 N-메틸 피롤리돈 73.7 중량%를 포함하는 도핑 용액으로부터 형성되는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 다공성 중합체막이 PVDF 16.8 중량%, 폴리(메틸 비닐 에테르/말레산 무수물) 3.4 중량%, LiCl 3.8 중량% 및 N-메틸 피롤리돈 76 중량%를 포함하는 도핑 용액으로부터 형성되는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 상기 성분들을, 용융물이 열역학적으로 안정하고 용융물에서 해혼합 (demixing) 과정이 발생하지 않도록 선택하는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 상기 성분들 및 반응 조건을, 막의 캐스팅시에 겔이 형성되지 않도록 선택하는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 도핑 용액을 약 50℃에서 밤새 혼합하는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 도핑 용액이 확산유도 상 분리(diffusion induced phase separation; DIPS) 방법에 의해, 폴리에틸렌 글리콜-200(polyethylene glycol; PEG-200) 45 중량%, H2O 45 중량% 및 N-메틸 피롤리돈(N-methyl pyrrolidone; NMP) 10 중량%로 이루어진 침전 반응기 내에 형성되는 방법.
- 제35항 또는 제36항에 있어서, 도핑 용액이 DIPS 방법에 의해 물로 이루어진 침전 반응기 내에 형성되는 방법.
- i) 반응성 개질제로서의 무수물을 중합체막 형성 물질과 블렌딩시키는 단계, 및ii) 개질막을 형성하는 단계를 포함하며, 이 때 상기 중합체막 형성 물질은 상기 반응성 개질제로서의 무수물에 대해 불활성인, 다공성 중합체막의 표면을 개질시키는 방법.
- 제56항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제 표면의 적어도 일부분을 가수분해하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제56항 또는 제57항에 있어서, 나트륨 완충액의 존재하에 반응성 개질제 표면의 적어도 일부분을 가수분해하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제57항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제 표면의 일부분을 부분적으로만 가수분해하는 방법.
- 제56항 또는 제57항에 있어서, 반응성 개질제 표면의 적어도 일부분을 적어도 부분적으로 가수분해하고, 그 후에 얻어진 가수분해된 기를 다관능성 아민과 반응시키는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제60항에 있어서, 다관능성 아민이 반응하여, 얻어진 가수분해된 기를 가교결합시키는 방법.
- 제35항, 제36항 및 제56항 중 어느 한 항의 방법에 의해 형성된 다공성 중합체막.
- 제56항에 따라 개질된, 역삼투막인 다공성 중합체막.
- 막 형성 중합체와, 막 형성 후에 화학적 개질이 가능한 상용성 제2 중합체의 블렌드로서, 이 때 상기 막 형성 중합체는 상기 제2 중합체에 대해 불활성인 블렌드.
- 제64항에 있어서, 상기 상용성 제2 중합체가 PVDF와 상용성인 블렌드.
- 제64항에 있어서, 상기 상용성 제2 중합체가 폴리술폰과 상용성인 블렌드.
- 제64항에 있어서, 상기 상용성 제2 중합체가 PVDF 및 폴리술폰과 상용성인 블렌드.
- 삭제
- 삭제
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- 2001-11-09 JP JP2002540831A patent/JP4355493B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AUPR143400A0 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
CA2428457C (en) | 2010-06-22 |
CN1633329A (zh) | 2005-06-29 |
US20050032982A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
WO2002038256A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
JP4355493B2 (ja) | 2009-11-04 |
CN100518911C (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
US7300022B2 (en) | 2007-11-27 |
EP1349644A1 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
US20050029185A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
CA2428457A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
DE60142408D1 (de) | 2010-07-29 |
EP1349644B1 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
US20050029186A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
AU1480202A (en) | 2002-05-21 |
KR20030084898A (ko) | 2003-11-01 |
JP2004523338A (ja) | 2004-08-05 |
ES2346131T3 (es) | 2010-10-11 |
EP1349644A4 (en) | 2004-02-11 |
IN222005B (ko) | 2008-08-08 |
US20040035782A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
US7404896B2 (en) | 2008-07-29 |
IN2003DE00721A (ko) | 2007-02-02 |
ATE471204T1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
US6884350B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 |
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