JP4282598B2 - 濾過装置及び該濾過装置を洗浄する方法 - Google Patents
濾過装置及び該濾過装置を洗浄する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4282598B2 JP4282598B2 JP2004542101A JP2004542101A JP4282598B2 JP 4282598 B2 JP4282598 B2 JP 4282598B2 JP 2004542101 A JP2004542101 A JP 2004542101A JP 2004542101 A JP2004542101 A JP 2004542101A JP 4282598 B2 JP4282598 B2 JP 4282598B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
- B01D65/04—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration with movable bodies, e.g. foam balls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
- B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/18—Use of gases
- B01D2321/185—Aeration
Description
典型的には、逆洗サイクルの際には、加圧ガス、加圧液体、あるいはこれら双方を供給タンクあるいは供給セル内に導入して不純物を膜の細孔から強制的に排出することが行われる。また、不純物は、気泡で膜の表面を洗浄することによっても除去される。
そして、膜からの不純物や沈渣(deposits)を含む液体は、タンクから排出されて洗浄される。
このような停止時間を減少させるためには、迅速にタンクからの排出及びタンクへの再充填を迅速に行えるように大きなポンプ装置が必要とされる。
タンクあるいはセルが列設され、送り装置(feed)がタンクの再充填に使用されるところでは、再充填のプロセスの際に他のセルの液レベルの低下を生じてしまう。
このような液レベルの低下は、やはりフィルタ装置の作動効率の悪化を招くことになる。
このことは、洗浄剤のコスト低減及び廃棄物処理の問題を減少させるという両面の利点を有する。
コンパクトな装置であれば、環境に与える影響は少なく、市場にもより受け入れられる。
更には、前記通気口は、各々のチューブの周囲で、チューブの末端から距離を置いた位置に形成される多数の貫通孔を有する。
一の形態においては、前記ガス供給手段は、前記通気フードの下方に設けられる通気ヘッダを有していても良い。
該スリーブは、前記膜モジュールの長手方向に沿って部分的に伸延されて前記膜モジュールの下端あるいは下端に隣接して開口領域を画成し、前記開口領域を通じて膜モジュール内へのガスの流入が許容される。
また、前記通気フードは、前記開口領域の位置で前記膜モジュールを囲繞するように設置され、これにより、前記通気口を通過するガスが前記開口領域を通じて前記膜モジュールの膜に流入するようにしても良い。
i) 濾過動作を中断するステップと、
ii) 各チューブの末端の液体によるシール性を維持しつつ前記通気フードにガスを供給することにより、前記通気フード内の供給液を、各チューブにおける前記通気口よりも下方のレベルに至るように置換するステップと、
iii) 前記ガスを、前記チューブ内に前記通気口を通じて通過させると共に各膜モジュール内の膜表面に沿って通過させ、膜表面に堆積された汚損物質を払い落とすステップと、
iv) 濾過動作を再開するステップ。
膜モジュール5は、メインの濾過の導管9に順次接続された複数のマニフォールド8から懸架されており、前記導管9は、供給タンク6の上部を横切って延在されると共にマニフォールド8のそれぞれに接続される。
通気フード10は、天壁11と側壁12及び13とを備える中空構造とされて供給タンク6内に設置されて支持される。
この通気フード10は、4つの側壁を備えており(図においては、このうち2つの側壁はフィルタ装置の内部構造を示すために破断されている。)、下部で開口されている。
通気フード10の側壁は、供給タンク6の側部すなわち壁面により形成され、通気フード10の天壁は、図示しないものの、それら供給タンク壁面の間に延在されると共に供給タンク壁面に密閉して取り付けられることが理解されるであろう。
通気フード10は、開口端を有し、膜モジュール5の数に対応して設けられる多数のチューブ14を備えており、これらチューブ14は、天壁11から下方に伸延されると共に、天壁11に開口部を形成する。
各膜モジュール5は、対応するチューブ14内に収容され、これらチューブ14は、各膜モジュール5の外周を少なくとも部分的に囲繞する。
通気各チューブ14の末端16に隣接して複数の通気口17がチューブ14の周方向に間隔を置いて形成されている。
前記通気口の大きさ及び数は、膜モジュールの型式や大きさ、並びにチューブ14の末端16で液体によるシール性を確保するための望ましい圧力損失を維持するという要請により適宜変更される。
前記通気口は、チューブの長手方向に亘って所定間隔に複数列設けても良く、この場合、ガスの流れを制御するために各列の孔径を適宜変更することもできる。
本実施例では通気口を示しているが、通気口に代えてチューブ14の下端から上方に延在されるスロットを含め、種々の通気路の態様をとることができる。
スロットを形成することにより、圧力損失を自己調節することもできる。
一連の通気ライン18が、供給タンク6の下部18に設けられている。
濾過プロセスを中断し逆洗ガスによる逆洗を開始する。
この場合、逆洗ガスとしては典型的には空気が用いられ、前記チューブ14の間の空隙に向けて気泡が吹き上がるように通気フード10の下方の通気ライン18から供給される。
なお、ガスはパイプのようなものによって直接通気フード10に導入しても構わない。
通気ライン18から導入されて吹き上げられたガスにより通気フード10の内部の供給液が置換される。
通気フード10における液レベルは、前記チューブの末端近傍に設けられた一連の通気口17よりも下方にまで低下される。
次にガスは、これら通気口17を通って、チューブ14の内部に懸架された膜モジュール5の側部へ導入される。
そして、このガスが洗浄効果を発揮し、膜モジュール5内の膜を洗浄する一方で、チューブ14は膜モジュール5内にガスを封じ込め、より効果的に洗浄が行われることを促進する。
通気口17の前後での圧力損失の大きさは、これら通気口17とチューブ14の端部16との間で液体によるシール性が確実に保たれるように決定される。
また、膜モジュールの下部20から固形物を排出できるようにするために、チューブ14の端部16と膜モジュール5の下部20との間に間隙を設けるようにしても良い。
スリーブ21は、膜モジュール5の長手方向の一部のみに沿って延在されており、これにより、膜モジュール5の下端23に隣接して開口領域22が形成される。
この開口領域22により、供給流体、逆洗剤、及びガスが、膜モジュール5との間で流出入することが可能となる。
本実施例において図示を省略されている通気フード10は、前記開口領域22の位置で膜モジュール5を囲繞しており、これにより、通気口17は、膜モジュール5の膜への通気ガスの自由な流入を許容すべく前記開口領域22に隣接して設けられる。
また、膜モジュール5の上部には図示しない更なる開口領域や孔が設けられており、ガスを逃がすと共に、膜モジュールへの液体の流出入が許容される。
6 供給タンク
10 通気フード
11 天壁
12,13 側壁
14 チューブ
15 開口部
16 チューブ14の末端
17 通気口
18 通気ライン
22 開口領域
Claims (9)
- 開放された供給タンク内に鉛直に設置された1つ以上の膜モジュールを備え、該膜モジュールのそれぞれが、内部に設置された1つ以上の膜を有する濾過装置であって、
前記供給タンク内で前記膜モジュールを少なくとも部分的に囲繞するように形成された天壁と下方に延在される1つ以上の側壁とを有する通気フードを備えており、
該通気フードは、開口端を有する多数のチューブを備えており、
それぞれのチューブは前記天壁から下方に向けて延在すると共にそれぞれの開口部を前記天壁に構成し、かつ、それぞれのチューブは該チューブの内部に取り付けられて前記天壁のそれぞれの開口部を貫通して延在した少なくとも1つの前記膜モジュールを備え、これにより、内部に取り付けられる少なくとも1つの膜モジュールの外周を少なくとも部分的に囲繞しており、
それぞれのチューブには、前記天壁側の基端から距離を置いた位置に1つ以上の通気口が形成されており、
前記通気フードの1つ以上の側壁は、前記チューブの前記通気口の下方まで伸延されており、
更に前記濾過装置は、前記通気フード内にガスを供給するためのガス供給手段を備えることを特徴とする濾過装置。 - 前記通気フードの1つ以上の側壁は、前記供給タンクの側壁により構成され、前記通気フードの天壁は、前記供給タンクの側壁に密閉して取り付けられるように形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の濾過装置。
- 前記通気口は、それぞれのチューブの前記基端とは反対側の自由端である末端に、あるいは該末端に隣接して形成されると共に、通気フードの1つ以上の前記側壁は、前記チューブの末端まで、あるいは末端よりも下方まで延在されることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の濾過装置。
- 前記膜モジュールのそれぞれは、該膜モジュールの周囲を囲繞して取り付けられるチューブを備えることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の濾過装置。
- 前記通気口は、各々の前記チューブの周囲で、チューブの末端から距離を置いた位置に形成される多数の貫通孔を有することを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の濾過装置。
- 前記通気口は、各々の前記チューブの周囲で、チューブの末端から上方に伸延される多数の開口端を有するスロットを備えることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の濾過装置。
- 前記ガス供給手段は、前記通気フードの下方に設けられる通気ヘッダを備えることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の濾過装置。
- 前記少なくとも一つの膜モジュールは、該膜モジュールの外周を囲繞するスリーブを備え、これによりガスが前記スリーブを通過することを防止しており、
該スリーブは、前記膜モジュールの長手方向に沿って部分的に伸延されて、前記膜モジュールの下端あるいは下端に隣接して開口領域を画成し、前記開口領域を通じて膜モジュール内へのガスの流入が許容され、
更に前記通気フードは、前記開口領域の位置で前記膜モジュールを囲繞するように設置され、これにより、前記通気口を通過するガスが前記開口領域を通じて前記膜モジュールの膜に流入することを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の濾過装置。 - 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載された濾過装置を洗浄する方法であって、
i) 濾過動作を中断するステップと、
ii) 各チューブの末端の液体によるシール性を維持しつつ前記通気フードにガスを供給することにより、前記通気フード内の供給液を、各チューブにおける前記通気口よりも下方のレベルに至るように置換するステップと、
iii) 前記ガスを、前記チューブ内に前記通気口を通じて通過させると共に各膜モジュール内の膜表面に沿って通過させ、膜表面に堆積された汚損物質を払い落とすステップと、
iv) 濾過動作を再開するステップと
を備えることを特徴とする方法。
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AU2002951974A AU2002951974A0 (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2002-10-10 | Backwash method |
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PCT/AU2003/001338 WO2004033078A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2003-10-10 | Backwash method |
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JP2006501986A JP2006501986A (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
JP2006501986A5 JP2006501986A5 (ja) | 2009-01-22 |
JP4282598B2 true JP4282598B2 (ja) | 2009-06-24 |
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US (1) | US7938966B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1551535B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4282598B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101002466B1 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE542593T1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2501628C (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ539349A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004033078A1 (ja) |
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- 2003-10-10 AT AT03747731T patent/ATE542593T1/de active
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CA2501628A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
CA2501628C (en) | 2012-12-04 |
EP1551535A4 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
EP1551535A1 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
NZ539349A (en) | 2006-11-30 |
EP1551535B1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
US20060000774A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
KR101002466B1 (ko) | 2010-12-17 |
ATE542593T1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
US7938966B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 |
JP2006501986A (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
WO2004033078A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
KR20050056229A (ko) | 2005-06-14 |
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