JPWO2019221004A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910005144 Ni5/10Co2/10Mn3/10 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910004493 Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004424 Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 57
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 5
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017018 Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
Description
まず、高容量型活物質としてのLi(Ni5/10Co2/10Mn3/10)O2、Li(Ni6/10Co2/10Mn2/10)O2、Li(Ni8/10Co1/10Mn1/10)O2、Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種と、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)と、導電助剤としてのカーボンブラックとを、高容量型活物質:結着剤:導電助剤=80〜99:0.5〜19.5:0.5〜19.5の質量比で全量が100となるように混合し、N−メチルピロリドン等の有機溶剤で希釈することにより、第1の正極活物質用スラリーを調製する。
まず、高容量型活物質としての人工黒鉛、天然黒鉛、Si、SiOかからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種と、結着剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロース、スチレンブタジエンゴム、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリフッ化ビニリデンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種と、導電助剤としてのカーボンブラックとを、高容量型活物質:結着剤:導電助剤=80〜99.5:0.5〜20:0〜10の質量比で全量が100となるように混合し、N−メチルピロリドン等の有機溶剤又は純水で希釈することにより、第1の負極活物質用スラリーを調製する。
次に、同数の第1の正極2と第1の負極3とを、第1のセパレータ4又は第2のセパレータ5を介して交互に配設し、一方の端部には第2の正極6を配設し、他方の端部には第2の負極7を配設する。このとき、第1の正極2の第1の正極活物質21は第1のセパレータ4を介して隣接する第1の負極3の第1の負極活物質31と対向し、第2の正極活物質22は第2のセパレータ5を介して隣接する第1の負極3の第2の負極活物質32と対向するようにする。
本実施例では、まず、柱状の骨格が三次元に連なった三次元網目状構造を有する金属多孔体からなる集電体(以下、「三次元骨格集電体」と略記する)として、アルミニウムからなり、気孔率95%、空孔(セル)数46〜50個/インチ、空孔径0.5mm、比表面積5000m2/m3、厚さ1.0mm、縦150mm、横200mmのもの(住友電気工業株式会社製セルメット(登録商標))を用いて、次のようにして第1の正極2を作成した。
次に、本実施例で作製したリチウムイオン二次電池1について、第1の正極活物質21及び第2の正極活物質22の活物質量から、25℃の温度における正極の仮容量を算出した。次に、前記仮容量に基づき、5時間で放電できる(0.2C)電流値を決定した。
結果を図3に示す。尚、図3では、後述の比較例1のリチウムイオン二次電池11におけるエネルギー密度(Wh/g)を1とし、これに対する比の値として示している。
次に、25℃の温度で、前記定格電流に対し充電率(SOC)が50%となる容量にするために0.2Cで2.5時間充電し、このときの開路電圧(OCV)をE0とした。
結果を図4に示す。尚、図4では、後述の比較例1のリチウムイオン二次電池における出力密度を1とし、これに対する比の値として示している。
次に、前記定格容量に対し、0.5Cで4.2Vまで定電流充電し、0.5Cで2.4Vまで定電流放電を行う操作を1サイクルとし、45℃において該操作を200サイクル繰り返した。サイクル数に対する容量維持率の変化を図5に示す。
本実施例で作製したリチウムイオン二次電池11について、前記容量維持率の測定時に、前記操作の開始前(0サイクル)と、200サイクル後との内部抵抗を測定した。結果を図6に示す。
図2に示すように、本比較例のリチウムイオン二次電池11は、同数の第1の正極12と、第1の負極13とが、交互にセパレータ14を介して隣接する構造を備え、一方の端部には第2の正極16が配設され、他方の端部には第2の負極17が配設されている。
Claims (3)
- 三次元網目状構造を有する金属多孔体からなる正極集電体と、前記正極集電体の一方の面に保持された高容量型活物質を含む第1の正極活物質と、前記正極集電体の他方の面に保持された高出力型活物質を含む第2の正極活物質を備える少なくとも一つの正極と、
三次元網目状構造を有する金属多孔体からなる負極集電体と、前記負極集電体の一方の面に保持された高容量型活物質を含む第1の負極活物質と、前記負極集電体の他方の面に保持された高出力型活物質を含む第2の負極活物質を備える少なくとも一つの負極とが、交互にセパレータを介して隣接する構造を備え、
前記第1の正極活物質は、第1のセパレータを介して隣接する前記第1の負極活物質と対向し、前記第2の正極活物質は、第2のセパレータを介して隣接する前記負極の第2の負極活物質と対向していることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池において、前記第1の正極活物質は、Li(Ni5/10Co2/10Mn3/10)O2、Li(Ni6/10Co2/10Mn2/10)O2、Li(Ni8/10Co1/10Mn1/10)O2、Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含み、
前記第2の正極活物質は、Li(Ni1/6Co4/6Mn1/6)O2、Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池において、前記第1の負極活物質は、人工黒鉛、天然黒鉛、Si、SiOからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含み、
前記第2の負極活物質は、ハードカーボンを含むことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。
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