JPWO2005099023A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2005099023A1 JPWO2005099023A1 JP2006512053A JP2006512053A JPWO2005099023A1 JP WO2005099023 A1 JPWO2005099023 A1 JP WO2005099023A1 JP 2006512053 A JP2006512053 A JP 2006512053A JP 2006512053 A JP2006512053 A JP 2006512053A JP WO2005099023 A1 JPWO2005099023 A1 JP WO2005099023A1
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- group
- active material
- phosphinate
- electrode active
- Prior art date
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- -1 phosphinate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GQAXWUVTNDQEQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-diethylphosphoryloxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(CC)CC GQAXWUVTNDQEQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 54
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 32
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 22
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910013928 LiCo0.95Mg0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AXNXPYWEGGHOCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N COCCO[PH2]=O Chemical compound COCCO[PH2]=O AXNXPYWEGGHOCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910012108 LiCo0.98Mg0.02O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical group C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003335 steric effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODVIGXMRBJCIPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[butyl(ethoxy)phosphoryl]butane Chemical compound CCCCP(=O)(OCC)CCCC ODVIGXMRBJCIPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCOICKPRQHKXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[ethyl(methoxy)phosphoryl]ethane Chemical compound CCP(=O)(CC)OC WCOICKPRQHKXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUJCDWBPIOHLCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bis(ethenyl)phosphoryloxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(C=C)C=C NUJCDWBPIOHLCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JNIUIAKXLBYKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dimethylphosphoryloxy-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOP(C)(C)=O JNIUIAKXLBYKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALZLTHLQMAFAPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutyrolactone Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)C1 ALZLTHLQMAFAPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GKZFQPGIDVGTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1COC(=O)O1 GKZFQPGIDVGTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGLBZNZGBLRJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone Chemical compound CC1CCOC1=O QGLBZNZGBLRJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical class CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRJASDLTCXIYRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [ethoxy(phenyl)phosphoryl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=O)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 QRJASDLTCXIYRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHUMZHDFNOXAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [methoxy(phenyl)phosphoryl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=O)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 BHUMZHDFNOXAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HAXBLJDZJKJLHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylphosphoryloxymethane Chemical compound COP(C)(C)=O HAXBLJDZJKJLHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- VFQTZBPGSSTGQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F VFQTZBPGSSTGQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
ここで、正極は、一般式(1):LiM1−xLxO2で表される正極活物質を含む。式(1)中のxは、0.005≦x≦0.1を満たし、元素Mは、Mn、CoおよびNiよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であり、元素Lは、金属元素および半金属元素よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であり、元素Mと元素Lとは異なる元素である。
また、非水電解質は、一般式(2):
式(2)中、R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立で、アリール基、炭素数1〜5のアルキル基、炭素数1〜5のアルケニル基または炭素数1〜5のアルキニル基である。
次に、本発明を実施例に基づいて具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを体積比1:3で混合し、非水溶媒として用いた。この非水溶媒100重量部に対し、ホスフィネート化合物として、エチルジエチルホスフィネート(EDEPP)を1重量部添加した。そして、EDEPPを含む非水溶媒に、1.0mol/Lの濃度でLiPF6を溶解して、非水電解質とした。
元素MとしてCoを含み、元素LとしてMgを含む正極活物質:LiCo0.95Mg0.05O2を調製した。
この正極活物質の粉末85重量部と、導電剤のアセチレンブラック10重量部と、結着剤のポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂5重量部とを、混合し、混合物を脱水N−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて、正極合剤スラリーを調製した。この正極合剤スラリーを、アルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体上に塗布し、乾燥した。その後、正極合剤の塗膜を圧延して、正極を得た。
人造黒鉛粉末75重量部と、導電剤のアセチレンブラック20重量部と、結着剤のポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂5重量部とを、混合し、混合物を脱水N−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて、負極合剤スラリーを調製した。この負極合剤スラリーを、銅箔からなる負極集電体上に塗布し、乾燥した。その後、負極合剤の塗膜を圧延して、負極を得た。
以下の要領で円筒型電池を作製した。得られた電池の縦断面図を図1に示す。
上記の正極板11と負極板12とを、セパレータ13を介して渦巻状に捲回して、極板群を作製した。得られた極板群は、ニッケルメッキが施された鉄製電池ケース18内に収納した。その際、極板群の上部および下部には、それぞれ絶縁板16および17を配した。正極11からはアルミニウム製正極リード14を引き出して、正極端子20に導通した封口板19の裏面に接続した。負極12からはニッケル製負極リード15を引き出して、電池ケース18の底部に接続した。所定の非水電解質を電池ケース18内に注液し、封口板19を用いて電池ケース18の開口部を密封した。
得られた電池の充放電サイクルを45℃で繰り返し、3サイクル目の放電容量を100%とみなして、500サイクルを経過した電池の容量維持率を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
比較例2
比較例3
また、上記組成で表される正極活物質同士の混合物、あるいは上記組成で表される正極活物質と、それ以外のLiCoO2などの正極活物質との混合物を用いても、同様の良好な結果が得られた。
ここで、正極は、一般式(1):LiM1-xLxO2で表される正極活物質を含む。式(1)中のxは、0.005≦x≦0.1を満たし、元素Mは、Mn、CoおよびNiよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であり、元素Lは、金属元素および半金属元素よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であり、元素Mと元素Lとは異なる元素である。
また、非水電解質は、一般式(2):
式(2)中、R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立で、アリール基、炭素数1〜5のアルキル基、炭素数1〜5のアルケニル基または炭素数1〜5のアルキニル基である。
次に、本発明を実施例に基づいて具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを体積比1:3で混合し、非水溶媒として用いた。この非水溶媒100重量部に対し、ホスフィネート化合物として、エチルジエチルホスフィネート(EDEPP)を1重量部添加した。そして、EDEPPを含む非水溶媒に、1.0mol/Lの濃度でLiPF6を溶解して、非水電解質とした。
元素MとしてCoを含み、元素LとしてMgを含む正極活物質:LiCo0.95Mg0.05O2を調製した。
この正極活物質の粉末85重量部と、導電剤のアセチレンブラック10重量部と、結着剤のポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂5重量部とを、混合し、混合物を脱水N−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて、正極合剤スラリーを調製した。この正極合剤スラリーを、アルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体上に塗布し、乾燥した。その後、正極合剤の塗膜を圧延して、正極を得た。
人造黒鉛粉末75重量部と、導電剤のアセチレンブラック20重量部と、結着剤のポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂5重量部とを、混合し、混合物を脱水N−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて、負極合剤スラリーを調製した。この負極合剤スラリーを、銅箔からなる負極集電体上に塗布し、乾燥した。その後、負極合剤の塗膜を圧延して、負極を得た。
以下の要領で円筒型電池を作製した。得られた電池の縦断面図を図1に示す。
上記の正極板11と負極板12とを、セパレータ13を介して渦巻状に捲回して、極板群を作製した。得られた極板群は、ニッケルメッキが施された鉄製電池ケース18内に収納した。その際、極板群の上部および下部には、それぞれ絶縁板16および17を配した。正極11からはアルミニウム製正極リード14を引き出して、正極端子20に導通した封口板19の裏面に接続した。負極12からはニッケル製負極リード15を引き出して、電池ケース18の底部に接続した。所定の非水電解質を電池ケース18内に注液し、封口板19を用いて電池ケース18の開口部を密封した。
得られた電池の充放電サイクルを45℃で繰り返し、3サイクル目の放電容量を100%とみなして、500サイクルを経過した電池の容量維持率を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
また、上記組成で表される正極活物質同士の混合物、あるいは上記組成で表される正極活物質と、それ以外のLiCoO2などの正極活物質との混合物を用いても、同様の良好な結果が得られた。
Claims (5)
- リチウムの吸蔵・放出が可能な正極、リチウムの吸蔵・放出が可能な負極、前記正極と前記負極との間に介在するセパレータおよび非水電解質を具備する非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極は、一般式(1):LiM1−xLxO2で表される正極活物質を含み、
前記式(1)中、xは、0.005≦x≦0.1を満たし、元素Mは、Mn、CoおよびNiよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であり、元素Lは、金属元素および半金属元素よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であり、元素Mと元素Lとは異なる元素であり、
前記非水電解質が、一般式(2):
前記式(2)中、R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立で、アリール基、炭素数1〜5のアルキル基、炭素数1〜5のアルケニル基または炭素数1〜5のアルキニル基である非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記元素Lが、Mg、Al、Ti、Sr、Zn、B、Ca、Cr、Si、Ga、Sn、P、V、Sb、Nb、Ta、Mo、W、Zr、YおよびFeよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記元素Lが、Mg、Al、TiおよびSrよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記ホスフィネート化合物が、エチルジエチルホスフィネートを含む請求項1記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質が、さらに、ビニレンカーボネートおよびビニルエチレンカーボネートよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む請求項1記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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WO2008123311A1 (ja) | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-16 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | 二次電池用正極材料の製造方法 |
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US20100207583A1 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2010-08-19 | Ryoichi Tanaka | Charging method and charging/discharging method of lithium ion secondary battery |
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