JPS63280796A - 温度特性改良潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents

温度特性改良潤滑油組成物

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Publication number
JPS63280796A
JPS63280796A JP62115966A JP11596687A JPS63280796A JP S63280796 A JPS63280796 A JP S63280796A JP 62115966 A JP62115966 A JP 62115966A JP 11596687 A JP11596687 A JP 11596687A JP S63280796 A JPS63280796 A JP S63280796A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
oil
composition
viscosity
lubricating oil
olefin copolymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP62115966A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JP2555284B2 (ja
Inventor
Toshihiko Ichihashi
俊彦 市橋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd filed Critical Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Priority to JP62115966A priority Critical patent/JP2555284B2/ja
Priority to US07/183,777 priority patent/US4853139A/en
Priority to EP88107478A priority patent/EP0291006B1/en
Priority to DE8888107478T priority patent/DE3867302D1/de
Publication of JPS63280796A publication Critical patent/JPS63280796A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2555284B2 publication Critical patent/JP2555284B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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    • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は温度特性改良潤滑油組成物に関し、詳しくは高
温で一定の粘度を保つとともに、極低温でも粘度が小さ
く、しかも剪断安定性、極圧性。
耐摩耗性、清浄分散性等にも優れるため、マルチグレー
ドギヤ油、マルチグレードエンジン油をはじめ各種の用
途に供し得る潤滑油組成物に関する。
〔従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする問題点〕従来
から、潤滑油の温度特性を極度に向上させるにあたって
は、粘度指数向上作用や流動点降下作用を有する高分子
化合物を多量に配合することが行われている。
しかしながら、このようにして得られた潤滑油組成物は
、高分子化合物を多量に含有しているため、剪断安定性
に欠け、機械的剪断を受けて潤滑油の粘度低下を招きや
すく、初期の潤滑性能を満たさなくなるという問題があ
った。また、剪断安定性のみならず極圧性、耐摩耗性、
清浄分散性等においても様々な問題があった。
（問題点を解決するための手段〕 本発明者は上記従来の問題点を解消し、広い温度範囲に
わたって優れた温度特性を存するとともに、剪断安定性
をはじめ極圧性、耐摩耗性、清浄分散性等の優れた潤滑
油組成物を開発すべく、鋭意研究を重ねた。
その結果、低温流動性にすぐれた特定の性状を有する潤
滑油基油にエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体を配合し
、さらに極圧剤、耐摩耗剤、油性剤あるいは清浄分散剤
を加えたものが、初期の目的を達成しうろことを見出し
、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明は（Ａ）１００℃における動粘度が１
．５〜５０ｃＳｔであるとともに流動点が一２５℃以下
であり、かつ粘度指数が６０以上である基油、（Ｂ）数
平均分子量が１０００〜８０００のエチレン−α−オレ
フィン共重合体および（Ｃ）極圧剤、耐摩耗剤、油性剤
および清浄分散剤から選ばれた少なくとも一種の添加剤
を主成分とする温度特性改良潤滑油組成物を提供するも
のである。
本発明の組成物では、（Ａ）成分として潤滑油基油が用
いられるが、その性状は上述の如く１００℃における動
粘度が１．５〜５０ｃＳｔ　、好ましくは２〜３０ｃＳ
ｔであり、また流動点が一２５℃以下、好ましくは一３
０℃以下であり、さらに粘度指数が６０以上、好ましく
は７０以上である。
ここで、１００　℃における動粘度が１．５ｃＳｔ未満
のものでは蒸発Ｍｆｆｌが多いという不都合があり、ま
た５０ｃＳｔを超えるものでは粘性抵抗による動力損失
が大き過ぎるなど様々な問題がある。
流動点については、−２５℃を超えるものでは低温特性
が劣り、また粘度指数が６０未満のものでは、粘度の温
度依存性が大きく、目的とする温度特性の優れた潤滑油
組成物が得られない。
本発明の（Ａ）成分である基油は、上述した性状を有す
る鉱油であれば様々なものが使用可能であり、特に制限
はない。
本発明において（Ａ）基油として用いることのできる鉱
油の具体例としては、パラフィン基系原油や中間基系原
油を常圧蒸留するかあるいは常圧蒸留の残渣油を減圧蒸
留して得られる留出油を常法にしたがって精製すること
によって得られる精製油、あるいは精製後さらに深脱ロ
ウ処理することによって得られる深脱ロウ油などをあげ
ることができる。この際の精製法は特に制限はなく様々
な方法が考えられる。通常は（ａ）水素化処理。
（ｂ）脱ロウ処理（溶剤膜ロウまたは水添脱ロウ）。
（ｃ）溶剤抽出処理、（ｄ）アルカリ蒸留または硫酸洗
浄処理、（ｅ）白土処理を単独であるいは適宜順序で組
み合わせて行う。また同一処理を複数段に分けて繰り返
し行うことも有効である。例えば、■留出油を水素化処
理するか、または水素化処理した後、アルカリ蒸留また
は硫酸洗浄処理を行う方法、■留出油を水素化処理した
後、脱ロウ処理する方法、■留出油を溶剤抽出処理した
後、水素化処理する方法、■留出油に二段あるいは三段
の水素化処理を行う、またはその後にアルカリ蒸留また
は硫酸洗浄処理する方法、さらには■上述した■〜■の
如き処理後、再度脱ロウ処理して深脱ロウ油とする方法
などがある。
いずれの方法によっても、得られる基油（潤滑油基油）
の性状が、前述した粘度、流動点および粘度指数となる
ように調整すればよい。
特に、本発明では深脱ロウ処理によって得られる鉱油が
（Ａ）成分たる基油として好適である。
この深脱ロウ処理は、苛酷な条件下での溶剤膜ロウ処理
法やゼオライト触媒を用いた接触水添脱ロウ処理法など
によって行われる。
次に、本発明の組成物の（Ｂ）成分としては、エチレン
−α−オレフィン共重合体が用いられるが、その数平均
分子量は１０００〜ｓ　ｏ　ｏ　ｏ、好ましくは２００
０〜５０００である。ここで、数　　・平均分子量が１
０００未満のものでは粘度指数の向上効果が充分でなく
、また８０００を超えるものでは剪断安定性が悪くなり
好ましくない。このエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体
は、エチレンと炭素数３〜２０のα−オレフィン、例え
ばプロピレン、１−ブテン、１−デセンなどとの共重合
体であって、極性基を含まない炭化水素系合成油である
。
本発明では゛、（、Ｂ）成分であるエチレン−α−オレ
フィン共重合体の配合割合は、特に制限はな（、得られ
る組成物の用途、（Ａ）基油の種類あるいは他の状況に
応じて適宜選定すればよい。しかし、−ｍには得られる
組成物全量の０．５〜２０重量％、好ましくは１〜１０
重量％である。この（Ｂ）成分の配合割合が、少な過ぎ
ると粘度指数の向上効果が充分でなく、また多過ぎると
低温時の粘度が高くなり実用性に劣る。
次に、本発明の組成物では、（Ｃ）成分として極圧剤、
耐摩耗剤、油性剤および清浄分散剤から選ばれた少なく
とも一種の添加剤が用いられる。
この（Ｃ）成分の配合割合についても、特に制限はなく
、その種類や様々な状況に応じて適宜選定すればよいが
、通常は得られる組成物全量の０．５〜３０重量％、好
ましくは１〜２０重景％重量る。
ここで（Ｃ）成分の配合割合が、少な過ぎると所望する
性状の改善が充分でなく、また多過ぎると腐食性が強く
なるなど様々な問題を引き起こすことがある。
上記極圧剤としては、種々のものが使用可能であるが、
具体的にはスルフィド類、スルフォキサイド類、スルフ
ォン頚、チオホスフィネート類。
チオカーボネート類、油脂、硫化油脂、硫化オレフィン
等のイオウ系極圧剤；リン酸エステル、亜リン酸エステ
ル、リン酸エステルアミン塩、亜リン酸エステルアミン
塩等のリン系極圧剤；塩素化炭化水素等のハロゲン系極
圧剤；ジチオリン酸亜鉛（ＺｎＤＴＰ）などのチオリン
酸塩やチオカルバミン酸塩等の有機金属系極圧剤などを
あげることができる。
次に、耐摩耗剤としては、ＭｏＤＴＰ、ＭｏＤＴＣ等の
有機モリブデン化合物；アルキルメルカプチルボレート
等の有機ホウ素化合物；グラファイト二硫化モリブデン
、硫化アンチモン、ホウ素化合物、ポリテトラフルオロ
エチレン等の固体潤滑剤系耐摩耗剤などをあげることが
できる。
また、油性剤（摩擦調整剤）としては、オレイン酸、ス
テアリン酸等の高級脂肪酸；オレイルアルコール等の高
級アルコール；アミン；エステル；硫化油脂；塩素化油
脂などをあげることができる。
さらに、清浄分散剤としては、カルシウムスルホネート
　マグネシウムスルホネート、バリウムスルホネート等
の各種金属スルホネート；フェネート；サリチレート；
コハク酸イミド；ベンジルアミン；コハク酸エステルな
どをあげることができる。
本発明の組成物では、（Ｃ）成分として、その用途に応
じて上述の極圧剤、耐摩耗剤、油性剤。
清浄分散剤のいずれかを単独であるいは二種以上を混合
して用いる。
本発明の組成物は、上記（Ａ）、　（Ｂ）、　（Ｃ）成
分を主成分とするものであり、基本的にはこの三成分で
構成されるが、さらに必要に応じて数平均分子量１００
００〜２５００００、好ましくは２００００〜２０００
００のポリメタアクリレートや数平均分子１１００００
以−ヒのオレフィン系共重合体などの高分子化合物を所
定量、具体的には組成物全量の０．１〜２０重量％、特
に０．５〜１５重量％の割合で加えることも有効である
。
そのほか、酸化防止剤、錆止め剤、消泡剤、腐食防止剤
１着色剤等の各種添加剤を状況に応じて適宜配合するこ
ともできる。
ここで、酸化防止剤としては従来から広く使用されてい
るものでよく、具体的には２．６−ジーし一ブチルー４
−メチルフェノールに代表されるフェノール系酸化防止
剤；ジオクチルジフェニルアミンに代表されるアミン系
酸化防止剤；ジチオリン酸亜鉛に代表されるイオウ、リ
ン系酸化防止剤などをあげることができる。
錆止め剤についても、各種のものが使用可能であり、例
えばカルボン酸、カルボン酸塩、スルホン酸塩、エステ
ル、アルコール、リン酸、リン酸塩などをあげることが
できる。
また消泡剤としては、ジメチルシロキサン、シリカゲル
分散体等のシリコーン系消泡剤；アルコール、エステル
系消泡剤をはじめとして各種のものを使用することがで
きる。
さらに腐食防止剤としては、ベンゾトリアゾールおよび
その誘導体、チアゾール系化合物など種々のものがあげ
られる。
〔実施例〕
次に、本発明を実施例によりさらに詳しく説明する。
実施例１，２および比較例１〜６ 第１表に示す如＜５ＡＥＪ３０６ｂの粘度グレード７５
Ｗ／８０あるいは７５　Ｗ／　９０７７１ｚチグレード
ギヤ油またはそれに近いグレードに調製した潤滑油組成
物について、各種の試験を行い、その物性を測定評価し
た。結果を第１表に示す。
上記第１表から次のことが判る。すなわち、この実施例
１．　２の潤滑油組成物は、粘度指数が１１０以上で流
動点が一４０℃以下、しかも−４０℃でのブルックフィ
ールド粘度が１５０，０００ｃＰ以下となっており、Ｓ
ＡＥの７５Ｗグレードを満足するものである。また、剪
断安定性は７５Ｗ／８０の組成物（実施例１）では０．
２％、７５Ｗ／９０の組成物（実施例２）でも３．２％
であり、通常考え得るマルチグレード油の概念を大きく
超えた安定性を示している。さらに、シェル四球試験に
よる極圧性も、マルチグレード化することによる著しい
悪化の傾向は見られず、充分に満足すべき性能を示して
いる。
一方、比較例１では本発明の（Ａ）成分の性状を有する
基油、すなわら低流動点鉱油を用いているが、（Ｂ）成
分に相当するエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体を用い
ていない。この組成物では１００℃における動粘度を９
．３ｃＳｔ程度とすると、−４０℃でのブルックフィー
ルド粘度を１５０、０００ｃＰ以下に維持することがで
きない。
比較例２では、通常のパラフィン系鉱油を用いて従来の
手法により７５Ｗ／８０マルチグレードギヤ油を調製し
たものである。ここでは通常用いられる最も低分子ｆｆ
ｉ　（２１，０００）のポリメタアクリレート（即ち、
最も剪断を受けにくいポリメタアクリレート）を使用し
ているにもかかわらず、この組成物は実施例１の組成物
の２０倍以上もの剪断を受ける。また、極圧性も実施例
に比べて劣っていることがわかる。
次に、７５Ｗ／９０グレードの潤滑油組成物について比
較する。比較例３は本発明の（Ａ）成分の性状を有する
基油（低流動点鉱油）とポリメタアクリレートを用い、
（Ｂ）成分に相当するエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合
体を用いずに７５Ｗ／９０グレードの潤滑油組成物を調
製したものである。この組成物は、低温流動性は充分で
あるが、通常用いられる最も低分子ｆｆｉ　（２１，０
００）のポリメタアクリレートを使用しているにもかか
わらず、９．２％もの剪断を受けている。
また、比較例４は本発明の（Ｂ）成分である工チレンー
α−オレフィン共重合体の代わりに、ポリブテンを用い
たものである。この組成物では、ポリブテンをエチレン
−α−オレフィン共重合体より多量に添加しているにも
かかわらず、分子量２１．０００のポリメタアクリレー
トを実施例２より多量に添加しなければ、７５Ｗ／９０
グレードにならない。そのためこの組成物は、実施例２
の組成物の約２倍の剪断を受け、しかも−４０℃でのブ
ルックフィールド粘度を１５０．０００ｃＰ以下に維持
することができない。
また、比較例５は通常のパラフィン系鉱油を用いて従来
の手法により７５Ｗ／９０グレードの潤滑油組成物を調
製したものであるが、剪断安定性。
極圧性ともに満足すべきものではない。
さらに、比較例６は通常のパラフィン系鉱油と本発明の
（Ｂ）成分であるエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体と
を用いたものであるが、−４０℃でのブルックフィール
ド粘度が２００．０ＯＯｃＰ以上となり、７５Ｗの規格
を満足しなくなる。
実施例３．４および比較例７〜１２ 第２表に示す如＜５ＡＥ３０の粘度グレード１５Ｗ／３
０あるいはＩＯＷ／３０マルチグレードエンジン油また
はそれに近いグレードに調製した潤滑油組成物について
、各種の試験を行い、その物性を測定評価した。結果を
第２表に示す。
上記第２表から次のことが判る。すなわち、この実施例
３．４の潤滑油組成物は、粘度指数が１４０以上で流動
点が一４０℃以下、しかもＣＣ８粘度が一１５℃および
一２０℃で３５ｃＰ以下であって、ＳＡＥ　Ｊ３００の
ＩＯＷ、１５Ｗの規格を満たすマルチグレード油ＬＯＷ
／３０．１５Ｗ／３０相当油を満足する。しかも、シン
グルグレード油と同じように剪断安定性が優れ、それぞ
れ０．２％、０．３％である。さらに、清浄性の目安で
あるパネルコーキング試験の付着重量がそれぞれ１０ｍ
ｇ、１５■と少ない。
一方、比較例７は通常のパラフィン系鉱油でポリメタア
クリレートと高分子量のオレフィン共重合体とを用いて
、１５Ｗ／３０グレードの潤滑油組成物を調製したもの
である。この組成物は、粘度指数が１２５．流動点が−
２７，５℃と不充分であり、しかも６，０％も剪断を受
けていた。また、パネルコーキング付着量も２０■とや
や多い。
比較例日は低流動点鉱油のみで１５Ｗ／３０相当油をつ
くることを試みたものであるが、低温粘度が高く（−１
５℃で５０ｃＰ）、１５Ｗの規格を満たすことができな
い。
比較例９．１０は従来技術によりそれぞれオレフィン共
重合体とポリメタアクリレートの両者あるいはポリメタ
アクリレートを用いて１０Ｗ／３０グレードの潤滑油組
成物を調製したものである。この組成物は、ＩＯＷ／３
０の規格を満足しているものの、それぞれ１６％、３１
％の剪断を受けており、実施例４に比べて非常に大きい
。
また比較例１１は、通常の鉱油と分子量３６００のエチ
レン−α−オレフィン共１体の組み合わせでＩＯＷ／３
０グレードの潤滑油組成物をつくることを試みたもので
あるが、ＩＯＷの低温粘度規格を満足していない。
比較例１２は、ポリブテンと低流動点鉱油を用いたもの
であるが、市販の最も高い分子量のポリブテンを用いた
にもかかわらず、粘度指数が低く１０Ｗの低温粘度規格
を満足していない。
〔発明の効果］ 以上の如く、本発明の潤滑油組成物は粘度指数が高（、
特に低温粘度が小さいため、温度特性、とりわけ低温特
性が良好である。しかも、剪断安定性、極圧性、耐摩耗
性、清浄性等にすぐれている。
したがって、本発明の潤滑油組成物は自動車用あるいは
産業機械用ギヤ油、内燃機関油、自動変速機油、パワー
ステアリング油、油圧油、ショックアブソーバ−油、ト
ラクター油、ドアチェック油、軸受油などに幅広くかつ
有効に利用される。

Claims (2)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. （１）（Ａ）１００℃における動粘度が１．５〜５０ｃ
    Ｓｔであるとともに流動点が−２５℃以下であり、かつ
    粘度指数が６０以上である基油、（Ｂ）数平均分子量が
    １０００〜８０００のエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合
    体および（Ｃ）極圧剤、耐摩耗剤、油性剤および清浄分
    散剤から選ばれた少なくとも一種の添加剤を主成分とす
    る温度特性改良潤滑油組成物。
  2. （２）（Ｂ）エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体の配合
    割合が組成物全量の０．５〜２０重量％であり、かつ（
    Ｃ）添加剤の配合割合が組成物全量の０．５〜３０重量
    ％である特許請求の範囲第１項記載の潤滑油組成物。
JP62115966A 1987-05-14 1987-05-14 温度特性改良潤滑油組成物 Expired - Lifetime JP2555284B2 (ja)

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JP62115966A JP2555284B2 (ja) 1987-05-14 1987-05-14 温度特性改良潤滑油組成物
US07/183,777 US4853139A (en) 1987-05-14 1988-04-20 Lubricating oil composition having improved temperature characteristics
EP88107478A EP0291006B1 (en) 1987-05-14 1988-05-10 Lubricating oil composition having improved temperature characteristics
DE8888107478T DE3867302D1 (de) 1987-05-14 1988-05-10 Schmiermittelzusammensetzungen fuer externe anwendungstemperaturen.

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JPH01104695A (ja) * 1987-10-19 1989-04-21 Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd 潤滑油組成物
JPH01188590A (ja) * 1988-01-21 1989-07-27 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 自動変速機油組成物
JP2007091768A (ja) * 2005-08-31 2007-04-12 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd 油圧作動油組成物
JP2007106878A (ja) * 2005-10-13 2007-04-26 Showa Shell Sekiyu Kk 油圧作動油
WO2008016038A1 (en) * 2006-08-03 2008-02-07 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Lubricant composition
JP2008037963A (ja) * 2006-08-03 2008-02-21 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd 潤滑油組成物
JP2008127426A (ja) * 2006-11-17 2008-06-05 Japan Energy Corp 油圧作動油及びそれを用いた油圧システム
JP2008208220A (ja) * 2007-02-26 2008-09-11 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd 潤滑油組成物
WO2009116438A1 (ja) * 2008-03-17 2009-09-24 出光興産株式会社 潤滑油組成物
JP2009221382A (ja) * 2008-03-17 2009-10-01 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd 潤滑油組成物
JP2010043250A (ja) * 2008-08-08 2010-02-25 Afton Chemical Corp 改善された粘度指数上昇特性を有する潤滑油添加剤組成物
JP2010095690A (ja) * 2008-10-20 2010-04-30 Cosmo Oil Lubricants Co Ltd 省電力ギヤ油組成物
WO2010110442A1 (ja) 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 出光興産株式会社 ギヤ油組成物
JP2010229357A (ja) * 2009-03-27 2010-10-14 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd ギヤ油組成物
US9115328B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2015-08-25 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Gear oil composition
JP2011006635A (ja) * 2009-06-29 2011-01-13 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd ギヤ油組成物
JP2011046903A (ja) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-10 Cosmo Oil Lubricants Co Ltd 省電力ギヤ油組成物
US11124732B2 (en) 2015-03-30 2021-09-21 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Lubricant composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0291006A3 (en) 1989-01-25
JP2555284B2 (ja) 1996-11-20
DE3867302D1 (de) 1992-02-13
EP0291006B1 (en) 1992-01-02
US4853139A (en) 1989-08-01
EP0291006A2 (en) 1988-11-17

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