JPH11509311A - 電気化学電池 - Google Patents
電気化学電池Info
- Publication number
- JPH11509311A JPH11509311A JP9502421A JP50242197A JPH11509311A JP H11509311 A JPH11509311 A JP H11509311A JP 9502421 A JP9502421 A JP 9502421A JP 50242197 A JP50242197 A JP 50242197A JP H11509311 A JPH11509311 A JP H11509311A
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005534 hematocrit Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 25
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101710088194 Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferricyanide Chemical compound [Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004082 amperometric method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012503 blood component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004180 plasmocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
- C12Q1/004—Enzyme electrodes mediator-assisted
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
- C12Q1/005—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes
- C12Q1/006—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes for glucose
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3271—Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood
- G01N27/3273—Devices therefor, e.g. test element readers, circuitry
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 作用電極と、この作用電極から所定距離隔たった対電極とを包含する種類 の電気化学電池においてレドックス・スペシーズの還元形態(または酸化形態) の濃度を測定する方法であって、 (1)電極間に電位差を印加する段階と、 (2)スペシーズの還元形態の電気酸化(または酸化形態の電気還元)の率を 拡散制御するように作用電極の電位を選定する段階と、 (3)対電極からの反応生成物が作用電極に到達するように作用電極と対電極 の間隔を選定する段階と、 (4)電位の印加後で、安定状態の達成前に時間関数として電流を測定する段 階と、 (5)安定状態電流の大きさを判断する段階と、 (6)電流経時変化および安定状態電流の大きさから、拡散係数またはスペシ ーズの還元形態(または酸化形態)の濃度あるいはこれら両方を示す値を得る段 階と を包含することを特徴とする方法。 2. 請求の範囲第1項記載の方法において、電気化学反応生成物の安定状態濃 度分布をテスト期間中に作用電極と対電極の間で達成することを特徴とする方法 。 3. 請求の範囲第1項または第2項記載の方法において、電極が500μm未 満隔たっていることを特徴とする方法。 4. 請求の範囲第1項から第3項までのいずれか1つに記載の方法において、 レドックス・スペシーズがメディエイタであり、このメディエイタの還元形態( または酸化形態)の濃度が検体の濃度を示し、メディエイタの還元形態(または 酸化形態)の拡散係数の値が検体濃度の測定のための前駆値として測定されるこ とを特徴とする方法。 5. 請求の範囲第1項から第4項までのいずれか1つに記載の方法において、 安定状態電流を安定状態電流の初期値に近似させることによって推断し、測定電 流対時間データと理論カーブの間の矛盾を測定し、もしあったな らばその矛盾の程度を用いて安定状態電流のより良い推定値を得ることを特徴と する方法。 6. 請求の範囲第1項から第3項までのいずれか1つに記載の方法において、 レドックス・スペシーズが検体であることを特徴とする方法。 7. 請求の範囲第1項から第3項までのいずれか1つに記載の方法において、 レドックス・スペシーズがメディエイタであることを特徴とする方法。 8. 請求の範囲第1項から第7項までのいずれか1つに記載の方法において、 電池が作用電極、対電極および別体の参照電極を包含することを特徴とする方法 。 9. 請求の範囲第1項から第8項までのいずれか1つに記載の方法において、 電極間の間隔を、所望時間内に安定状態電流を得るように選定することを特徴と する方法。 10.実質的に実施例の任意のものを参照しながら説明した方法。 11.請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法で使用するための装置であって、多孔性膜 と、この膜の片側にある作用電極と、この膜の反対側にある対電極とを包含し、 前記両電極がそれらの間の膜ゾーンと共に電気化学電池を構成しており、膜が電 池から側方へサンプル堆積領域まで延びており、このサンプル堆積領域が膜の厚 さよりも大きい距離だけ電池ゾーンから隔たっていることを特徴とする装置。 12.請求の範囲第11項記載の装置において、電気化学電池が試液を収容して いることを特徴とする装置。 13.請求の範囲第11項または第12項に記載の装置において、電気化学電池 がメディエイタを収容していることを特徴とする装置。 14.請求の範囲第11項から第13項のいずれか1つに記載の装置において、 膜が電気化学電池とサンプル堆積領域の中間に酵素を収容していることを特徴と する装置。 15.請求の範囲第11項から第14項のいずれか1つに記載の装置において、 さらに、サンプル堆積領域付近にpHバッファを設けたことを特徴と する装置。 16.請求の範囲第15項記載の装置において、さらに、作用電極付近にpHバ ッファを設けたことを特徴とする装置。 17.請求の範囲第11項記載の装置において、第2作用電極および膜の第2作 用電極と反対の側にある第2対/参照電極とによって構成された膜の第2電気化 学電池ゾーンを包含することを特徴とする装置。 18.請求の範囲第17項記載の装置において、第2電気化学電池ゾーンが第1 電池ゾーンとサンプル堆積領域またはターゲット領域の中間に位置していること を特徴とする装置。 19.請求の範囲第11項から第18項のいずれか1つに記載の装置において、 非圧縮時の膜の厚さが500μm未満であることを特徴とする装置。 20.請求の範囲第11項から第19項のいずれか1つに記載の装置において、 作用電極が、金、銀、プラチナ、パラジウム、イリジウム、鉛、その合金からな るグループから選定した金属であることを特徴とする装置。 21.電気化学電池においてレドックス・スペシーズの濃度を測定する装置であ って、 作用電極および対電極(または対/参照電極)を有する電気化学電池と、 前記電極間に電位差を印加する手段と、 経時電流変化を測定する手段と を包含する装置において、 作用電極が500μm未満だけ対電極から隔たっている ことを特徴とする装置。 22.作用電極と、対電極と、検体を内部に流入させる開口とを包含し、作用電 極が500μmだけ対電極から隔たっていることを特徴とする中空の電気化学電 池。 23.請求の範囲第21項または第22項に記載の電気化学電池において、電極 が100〜200μm隔たっていることを特徴とする電気化学電池。 24.請求の範囲第21項から第23項のうちいずれか1つに記載の電気 化学電池において、電極が互いに対面していることを特徴とする電気化学電池。 25.請求の範囲第21項から第24項のうちいずれか1つに記載の電気化学電 池において、電極がほぼ一致する面積を有することを特徴とする電気化学電池。 26.請求の範囲第21項から第25項のうちいずれか1つに記載の電気化学電 池において、作用電極、対電極および別体の参照電極を包含することを特徴とす る電気化学電池。 27.請求の範囲第21項から第26項のうちいずれか1つに記載の電気化学電 池において、1.5マイクロリットル未満の有効電池容積を有することを特徴と する電気化学電池。 28.実質的に実施例のいずれかを参照しながら説明した装置。 29.請求の範囲第11項から第28項のうちいずれか1つに記載の装置であっ て、血液中のグルコースの濃度を測定するのに使用することを特徴とする装置。 30.請求の範囲第1項から第10項までのいずれか1つに記載の方法において 、ヘマトクリット濃度を測定するのに使用することを特徴とする方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPN3639A AUPN363995A0 (en) | 1995-06-19 | 1995-06-19 | Electrochemical cell |
AU3639 | 1995-06-19 | ||
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- 1996-06-19 AT AT96917287T patent/ATE237131T1/de active
- 1996-06-19 DE DE0873514T patent/DE873514T1/de active Pending
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2002368384A (ja) * | 2001-06-11 | 2002-12-20 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 配線基板または半導体回路の製造方法 |
JP4672189B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-11 | 2011-04-20 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 配線基板または半導体回路の製造方法 |
JP2005506528A (ja) * | 2001-10-10 | 2005-03-03 | ライフスキャン・インコーポレイテッド | 電気化学セル |
KR100955587B1 (ko) * | 2001-10-10 | 2010-04-30 | 라이프스캔, 인코포레이티드 | 전기화학 전지 |
JP4767493B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-10 | 2011-09-07 | ライフスキャン・インコーポレイテッド | 電気化学セル |
JP2005513500A (ja) * | 2001-12-21 | 2005-05-12 | オックスフォード バイオセンサーズ リミテッド | マイクロバンド電極 |
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