DE873514T1 - Elektrochemische Zelle - Google Patents

Elektrochemische Zelle

Info

Publication number
DE873514T1
DE873514T1 DE0873514T DE96917287T DE873514T1 DE 873514 T1 DE873514 T1 DE 873514T1 DE 0873514 T DE0873514 T DE 0873514T DE 96917287 T DE96917287 T DE 96917287T DE 873514 T1 DE873514 T1 DE 873514T1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
working electrode
electrode
electrochemical cell
counter
concentration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE0873514T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Beck
Alastair Hodges
Oddvar Johansen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pall Filtration and Separations Group Inc
Original Assignee
Memtec America Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Memtec America Corp filed Critical Memtec America Corp
Publication of DE873514T1 publication Critical patent/DE873514T1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
    • C12Q1/004—Enzyme electrodes mediator-assisted
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
    • C12Q1/005—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes
    • C12Q1/006—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes for glucose
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
    • G01N27/3271—Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood
    • G01N27/3273—Devices therefor, e.g. test element readers, circuitry

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)

Claims (28)

ANSPRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration einer reduzierten (oder oxidierten) Form einer Redox-Spezies in einer elektrochemischen Zelle der Art, die eine Arbeitselektrode (5) und eine durch eine vorbestimmte Entfernung (1) von der Arbeitselektrode (5) beabstandete Gegenelektrode (6) umfaßt, wobei das Verfahren die Schritte umfaßt:
(1) Anlegen einer elektrischen Potentialdifferenz zwischen den Elektroden (5,6),
(2) Auswählen des Potentials der Arbeitselektrode (5), so daß die Geschwindigkeit der Elektro-Oxidation der reduzierten Form (oder der Elektro-Reduktion der oxidierten Form) der Spezies diffusionskontrolliert ist,
(3) Auswählen des Abstands zwischen der Arbeitselektrode (5)
und der Gegenelektrode (6), so daß die Reaktionsprodukte von der Gegenelektrode (6) an der Arbeitselektrode (5) ankommen,
(4) Bestimmen des Stroms (i) als eine Funktion der Zeit (t) nach Anlegung des Potentials und vor Erreichen eines stationären Zustands,
(5) Abschätzen der Größe des stationären Stroms (ic), und
(6) Verschaffen eines Wertes aus der Änderung des Stroms (i) mit der Zeit (t) und aus der Größe des stationären Stroms (i~), welcher den Diffusionskoeffizienten (D) und/oder die Konzentration der reduzierten Form (oder der oxidierten Form) der Spezies anzeigt.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem während der Periode eines Tests zwischen der Arbeitselektrode (5) und der Gegenelektrode (6) ein stationäres Konzentrationsprofil der elektrochemischen Reaktionsprodukte erreicht wird.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, bei dem die Elektroden (5,6) um weniger als 500 pm getrennt sind.
— 2 —
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, nach dem die Redox-Spezies ein Vermittler ist und die Konzentration der reduzierten (oder oxidierten) Form des Vermittlers die Konzentration eines Analyten anzeigt, und bei dem ein Maß des Diffusionskoeffizieten (D) der reduzierten (oder oxidierten) Form des Vermittlers als eine Vorstufe für die Bestimmung der Konzentration des Analyten bestimmt wird.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Strom im stationären Zustand bewertet wird durch Approximieren eines Anfangswertes für den stationären Strom, Messen einer Abweichung der Daten des gemessenen Stroms gegen die Zeit von einer theoretischen Kurve, und Benutzen des Maßes der Abweichung, wenn vorhanden, um eine bessere Bewertung des stationären Stroms zu erhalten.
15
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem die
Redox-Spezies ein Analyt ist.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem die Redox-Spezies ein Vermittler ist.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Zelle eine Arbeitselektrode, eine Gegenelektrode und eine getrennte Bezugselektrode umfaßt.
25
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem
der Abstand zwischen den Elektroden so ausgewählt wird, daß der stationäre Strom innerhalb einer gewünschten Zeit erreicht wird.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wenn es zur Bestimmung der Hämatokrit-Konzentration benutzt wird.
11. Vorrichtung zur Benutzung bei einem Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, mit einer porösen Membran (1), einer Arbeitselektrode (5)
DE/EPO 8735UT1
auf einer Seite der Membran (1), einer Gegenelektrode (6) auf der anderen Seite der Membran (1), wobei die Elektroden (5,6) zusammen mit einer Zone (4) der Membran (1) zwischen ihnen eine elektrochemische Zelle definieren, und bei der sich die Membran (1) seitlieh von der Zelle zu einer Probenlagerfläche (7) erstreckt, die von der Zellenzone (4) um einen Abstand entfernt ist, der größer als die Dicke (1) der Membran (1) ist.
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, bei der die elektrochemische Zelle ein Reagenz enthält.
13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11 oder Anspruch 12, bei der die elektrochemische Zelle einen Vermittler enthält.
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, bei der die Membran (1) zwischen der elektrochemischen Zelle und der Probenlagerfläche (7) ein Enzym enthält.
15. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, ferner mit einem pH-Puffer in der Nachbarschaft der Probenlagerfläche (7).
16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, ferner mit einem pH-Puffer in der Nachbarschaft der Arbeitselektrode (5).
17. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, mit einer zweiten elektrochemischen Zellenzone (24) der Membran, die durch eine zweite Arbeitselektrode (25) und eine zweite Gegen-/Bezugselektrode (26) begrenzt ist, die sich von der zweiten Arbeitselektrode (25) aus auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Membran (1) befindet.
30
18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, bei der die zweite elektrochemische Zellenzone (24) zwischen der ersten Zellenzone (4) und der Probenlager- oder Zielfläche (7) angeordnet ist.
DE/EPO 873514T1
19. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 18, bei der die unkomprimierte Membran (1) eine Dicke (1) von weniger als 500 pm hat.
20. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 19, bei der die Arbeitselektrode (5) ein Metall ist, das aus der aus Gold, Silber, Platin, Palladium, Iridium, Blei und deren Legierungen bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist.
21. Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Konzentration einer Redox-Spezies in einer elektrochemischen Zelle mit
einer elektrochemischen Zelle mit einer Arbeitselektrode (5) und einer Gegen- (oder Gegen-/Bezugs-)elektrode (6),
Mitteln zur Anlegung einer elektrischen Potentialdifferenz zwischen den genannten Elektroden (5,6),
Mitteln zur Messung der Änderung des Stroms (i) mit der Zeit (t) dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arbeitselektrode (5) von der Gegenelektrode (6) um weniger als 500 pm entfernt ist.
22. Elektrochemische Hohlzelle mit einer Arbeitselektrode (5), einer Gegenelektrode (6) und einer Öffnung (31) für die Zuführung
eines Analyten zu der Zelle, wobei die Arbeitselektrode (5) von der Gegenelektrode (6) einen Abstand von weniger als 500 pm hat.
23. Elektrochemische Zelle nach Anspruch 21 oder Anspruch 22, bei der die Elektroden (5,6) einen Abstand von 100-200 pm voneinander haben.
24. Elektrochemische Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 23, bei der sich die Elektroden (5,6) gegenüberliegen.
30
25. Elektrochemische Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 24, bei der die Elektroden (5,6) von im wesentlichen entsprechender Fläche sind.
26. Elektrochemische Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 25, mit einer Arbeitselektrode (5), einer Gegenelektrode (6) und einer separaten Bezugselektrode.
27. Elektrochemische Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 26 mit einem wirksamen Zellenvolumen von weniger als 1,5 Mikrolitern.
28. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 27 für die
Benutzung zur Messung der Glukosekonzentration im Blut.
DE0873514T 1995-06-19 1996-06-19 Elektrochemische Zelle Pending DE873514T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPN3639A AUPN363995A0 (en) 1995-06-19 1995-06-19 Electrochemical cell
PCT/AU1996/000365 WO1997000441A1 (en) 1995-06-19 1996-06-19 Electrochemical cell

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE873514T1 true DE873514T1 (de) 2001-04-05

Family

ID=3787980

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE69627378T Expired - Lifetime DE69627378T2 (de) 1995-06-19 1996-06-19 Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Analyten unter Verwendung einer elektrochemischen Zelle
DE0873514T Pending DE873514T1 (de) 1995-06-19 1996-06-19 Elektrochemische Zelle

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE69627378T Expired - Lifetime DE69627378T2 (de) 1995-06-19 1996-06-19 Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Analyten unter Verwendung einer elektrochemischen Zelle

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US6284125B1 (de)
EP (3) EP1327881A1 (de)
JP (2) JP4018748B2 (de)
KR (3) KR100491283B1 (de)
CN (7) CN1690701A (de)
AT (1) ATE237131T1 (de)
AU (2) AUPN363995A0 (de)
CA (3) CA2222525C (de)
DE (2) DE69627378T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0873514T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2193242T3 (de)
HK (1) HK1107147A1 (de)
PT (1) PT873514E (de)
WO (1) WO1997000441A1 (de)

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WO1997000441A1 (en) 1997-01-03
JPH11509311A (ja) 1999-08-17
KR100491283B1 (ko) 2005-05-24
CN1727885A (zh) 2006-02-01
CN1325908C (zh) 2007-07-11
AUPN363995A0 (en) 1995-07-13
CA2538966C (en) 2007-11-20
DE69627378T2 (de) 2004-03-04
US6284125B1 (en) 2001-09-04
KR19990023018A (ko) 1999-03-25
HK1107147A1 (en) 2008-03-28
CN1690701A (zh) 2005-11-02
CN100350241C (zh) 2007-11-21
CA2573423C (en) 2008-01-15
CN1265193C (zh) 2006-07-19
CN1388373A (zh) 2003-01-01
PT873514E (pt) 2003-07-31
CN1184471C (zh) 2005-01-12
CA2222525A1 (en) 1997-01-03
CA2573423A1 (en) 1997-01-03
KR20040062664A (ko) 2004-07-07
AU5992296A (en) 1997-01-15
KR100483093B1 (ko) 2005-04-15
EP1925934A2 (de) 2008-05-28
CN1395095A (zh) 2003-02-05
CN1388372A (zh) 2003-01-01
JP4018748B2 (ja) 2007-12-05
DE69627378D1 (de) 2003-05-15
CA2538966A1 (en) 1997-01-03
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EP0873514A1 (de) 1998-10-28
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CN1967233B (zh) 2010-09-15
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