JPH04271132A - 半導体装置 - Google Patents

半導体装置

Info

Publication number
JPH04271132A
JPH04271132A JP3009157A JP915791A JPH04271132A JP H04271132 A JPH04271132 A JP H04271132A JP 3009157 A JP3009157 A JP 3009157A JP 915791 A JP915791 A JP 915791A JP H04271132 A JPH04271132 A JP H04271132A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
insulating film
pad electrode
bonding
film
wiring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP3009157A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JP2593965B2 (ja
Inventor
Shigeru Harada
繁 原田
Toshimi Endou
遠藤 豪美
Tomohiro Ishida
友弘 石田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority to JP915791A priority Critical patent/JP2593965B2/ja
Priority to KR1019920000819A priority patent/KR960002092B1/ko
Priority to DE19924201792 priority patent/DE4201792C2/de
Publication of JPH04271132A publication Critical patent/JPH04271132A/ja
Priority to US08/249,679 priority patent/US5430329A/en
Priority to US08/416,130 priority patent/US5525546A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2593965B2 publication Critical patent/JP2593965B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、半導体素子の形成さ
れた半導体基板と外部端子を電気的に接続する技術に関
するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】半導体装置では、半導体基板上に素子を
形成した後に、素子間を電気的に接続するために各種配
線が用いられる。
【0003】また、同時に、これら半導体基板上の配線
と、半導体装置やパッケージの外部端子とを電気的に接
続することも必要であり、通常半導体基板上に形成され
た配線から引き出されたパッド電極と外部端子とを、ワ
イヤ・ボンディング法により接続するという方法が用い
られる。
【0004】図9は、このような従来の半導体装置の構
造を示す断面図である。素子が形成された半導体チップ
20上にボンディング・パッド電極部21が形成され、
半導体チップ20の主要表面は保護絶縁膜22によって
被覆されている。半導体チップ20を載置するダイパッ
ド部23aは、外部端子部(リード部)23bとでリー
ド・フレーム23を形成する。半導体チップ20上のパ
ッド電極部21と外部端子部(リード部)23bとはボ
ンディング・ワイヤ24によって接続され、チップ20
はモールド樹脂材25によって封止されている。
【0005】次に、この半導体チップ20の構造につい
て、図9のA部を拡大したものを、DRAM(Dyna
mic  Random  Access  Memo
ry)デバイスを例として、説明する。
【0006】図10は、従来のDRAMデバイスの断面
構造を示す図である。シリコン半導体基板1の表面にD
RAM素子(スタック・セル)2が形成され、DRAM
素子(スタック・セル)2上に第1の絶縁膜3が堆積さ
れ、第1の絶縁膜3上に第1の配線4が形成され、第1
の配線4上に保護絶縁膜としての第2の絶縁膜5が堆積
される。第2の絶縁膜5は図9における保護絶縁膜22
に相当するものである。ボンディング・パッド電極6は
ボンディング・パッド電極開孔部7を介してボンディン
グワイヤ24によって図9の外部端子(リード部)23
bと接続され、モールド樹脂封止材25によって封止さ
れている。
【0007】以下、従来の半導体装置の製造フローの例
を、ボンディング・パッド電極部の形成工程、および、
ワイヤ・ボンディング工程を主体として概説する。
【0008】まず図11に示すようにシリコン半導体基
板1の表面に、素子分離用酸化膜301、トランスファ
ー・ゲート電極302、不純物拡散層303、ワード線
304、記憶ノード305、キャパシタ絶縁膜306、
セル・プレート307から構成されたDRAM素子(ス
タック・セル)2を形成する。
【0009】そして図12に示すようにDRAM素子(
スタック・セル)2の形成されたシリコン半導体基板1
上の全面に第1の絶縁膜3を堆積した後、写真製版やエ
ッチング法を用いて所望の部分にコンタクト孔308を
開孔する。
【0010】次に、ビット線として、第1の配線4であ
るアルミ配線を形成する。最近のサブミクロン・デバイ
スでは、■コンタクト部でのアルミとシリコン基板(不
純物拡散層)との異常反応(アロイスパイク)による接
合リークを防止し、■アルミ合金膜中のシリコンが固相
エビタキシャル成長によりコンタクト部に析出すること
により発生するコンタクト不良を防止し、■アルミ配線
の上層に形成される層間絶縁膜や保護絶縁膜の膜応力に
より配線が断線する“ストレス・マイグレーション”に
対する耐性を高めるなどの理由から、第1層のアルミ配
線4として、窒化チタン(TiN)やチタン・タングス
テン(TiW)などのバリアメタル膜309と、Al−
Si、Al−Si−Cuなどのアルミ合金膜310を組
み合わせた構造の配線が用いられる。
【0011】なお、これらの膜は、通常、スパッタ法で
堆積され、写真製版やエッチング法を用い、第1のアル
ミ配線4、および、ボンディング・パッド電極部6とし
てパターニングされる。
【0012】つぎに、例えば、シラン(SiH4 )と
亜酸化窒素(N2 O)ガスを用い、300〜400℃
の膜堆積温度で、ブラズマを用いた化学気相成長法(C
VD;Chemical  Vapor  Depos
ition)により、第1の配線4上に、保護絶縁膜5
として、シリコン酸化膜を堆積する(図13)。
【0013】なお、保護絶縁膜5としては、シリコン酸
化膜に比べ、水分等の透過率が小さく、かつ、機械的強
度が高いという特徴を持つシリコン窒化膜やシリコン酸
窒化膜、あるいは、これらを組み合わせた膜も用いられ
る。
【0014】これらの膜は、上記と同様のプラズマを用
いた化学気相成長法で、シリコン窒化膜の場合、例えば
、シラン(SiH4 )とアンモニア(NH3 )ガス
を用いて堆積する。また、シリコン酸窒化膜の場合、シ
ラン(SiH4 )とアンモニア(NH3 )と亜酸化
窒素(N2 O)ガスを用いて堆積する。
【0015】堆積された保護絶縁膜5は、図14に示す
ように写真製版や、エッチング法を用いて開孔され、、
ワイヤ・ボンディングを行うためのボンディング・パッ
ド電極開孔部7を形成する。
【0016】素子の形成された半導体基板1はダイシン
グにより半導体チップ20として切り出され、図9に示
されたようにリード・フレーム23のダイパッド部23
aに半田や、導電性樹脂等を用いて接着される。
【0017】次に、ボンディング・パッド電極開孔部7
を介してボンディング・パッド電極部6とリード・フレ
ーム23のリード部23bを金線などからなるボンディ
ング・ワイヤ24で接続する(図15)。
【0018】なお、ワイヤ・ボンディング法としては、
金線などを、熱圧着、あるいは、熱圧着と超音波を併用
した接着が通常用いられる。
【0019】最後に、モールド樹脂25により全体をパ
ッケージする(図16)。
【0020】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来のモールド樹脂封
止型・半導体装置においては、図17に示すように、ボ
ンディング・パッド電極部6のアルミ膜311が、ワイ
ヤ・ボンディング材24の周囲で、露出している構造と
なっているため、下記のような問題点が生ずる。
【0021】つまり、モールド樹脂25を介して侵入し
てくる水分312などにより、上記の露出している部分
のアルミ膜311が腐食され蝕孔313が生じる。その
ため、ボンディング・パッド電極部6での電気的オープ
ン故障というモードの、信頼性(耐湿性)故障が発生し
やすくなるという問題である。
【0022】半導体装置の多機能化に伴い増加する端子
ピン数に対応して、ボンディング・パッド電極部の大き
さは益々小さくなり、高密度・表面実装に対応して、導
体装置のパッケージの厚み(これはほぼモールド樹脂の
厚み)は益々薄くなり、外部から侵入する水分などの影
響を受け易くなるという最近の動向からみて、上記問題
は今後益々大きな問題となってくる。
【0023】この発明は、上記のような問題点を解決す
るためになされたもので、ボンディング・パッド電極部
6の大きさが小さくても、パッケージの厚みが薄型であ
っても、信頼性(耐湿性)のレベルの高い半導体装置を
得ることを目的としている。
【0024】
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明による半導体装
置は、外部端子と接続するためのパッド電極部の開孔部
の近傍の絶縁膜の少なくとも最表面に弾性をもつ絶縁膜
を設け、かつ、ワイヤ・ボンディングが前記パッド電極
の開孔部を覆う。
【0025】
【作用】この発明における半導体装置は、配線層上のパ
ッド電極部において、前記パッド電極部の開孔部をワイ
ヤ・ボンディングにより覆うことにより、前記パッド電
極部において前記配線層を露出せず、蝕孔の形成を抑え
る。
【0026】また前記パッド電極の開孔部の近傍に設け
られた弾性を持つ絶縁膜は、ワイヤ・ボンディング時の
機械的な力を吸収し、前記パッド電極部の近傍でのクラ
ック発生を抑える。
【0027】
【実施例】以下、この発明の一実施例を説明する。
【0028】図において、1はシリコン半導体基板、2
はシリコン半導体基板1表面に形成されたDRAM素子
(スタック・セル)、3はDRAM素子(スタック・セ
ル)2上に堆積された第1の絶縁膜、4は第1の絶縁膜
3上に形成された第1の配線、5は第1の配線4上に堆
積された第2の絶縁膜(保護絶縁膜)、6は外部端子(
リード部)23bと接続するためのボンディング・パッ
ド電極部、7はボンディング・パッド電極開孔部、10
は弾性絶縁膜、11は弾性絶縁膜10の開孔部、24は
第2の絶縁膜5の開孔部11と外部端子(リード部)2
3bを接続するためのボンディング・ワイヤ、25はモ
ールド樹脂封止材、である。
【0029】図1に示す本発明の一施例の半導体装置の
製造フローの例を、ボンディング・パッド電極部6の形
成工程、および、ワイヤ・ボンディング工程を主体とし
て図2で説明する。
【0030】まず図2に示すようにシリコン半導体基板
1の表面に、素子分離用酸化膜301、トランスファー
・ゲート電極302、不純物拡散層303、ワード線3
04、記憶ノード305、キャパシタ絶縁膜306、セ
ル・プレート307から構成されたDRAM素子(スタ
ック・セル)2を形成する。
【0031】そして図3に示すようにDRAM素子(ス
タック・セル)2の形成されたシリコン半導体基板1上
の全面に第1の絶縁膜3を堆積した後、写真製版やエッ
チング法を用いて所望の部分にコンタクト孔308を開
孔する。
【0032】次に、ビット線として第1の配線4である
アルミ配線を形成する。従来の場合と同様に窒化チタン
(TiN)やチタン・タングステン(TiW)などのバ
リアメタル膜309と、Al−Si、Al−Si−Cu
などのアルミ合金膜310を組み合わせた構造が用いら
れ、写真製版やエッチング法を用い、第1のアルミ配線
4、および、ボンディング・パッド電極部6としてパタ
ーニングされる。
【0033】つぎに、例えば、シラン(SiH4 )と
亜酸化窒素(N2 O)ガスを用い、300〜400℃
の膜堆積温度で、ブラズマを用いた化学気相成長法(C
VD;Chemical  Vapor  Depos
ition)により、第1の配線4上に、保護絶縁膜5
として、従来の場合と同様にシリコン酸化膜、シリコン
酸化膜、シリコン窒化膜、シリコン酸窒化膜などを堆積
する(図4)。
【0034】更に写真製版や、エッチング法を用いて、
ワイヤ・ボンディングを行うためのボンディング・パッ
ド電極開孔部7を形成する(図5)。
【0035】ただ、この場合、従来技術と異なり、ボン
ディング・パッド電極開孔部7の大きさを、ボンディン
グ・ワイヤ24のボール径12に比べて小さくなるよう
に設定する。
【0036】次いで保護絶縁膜5の表面にポリイミド樹
脂系・絶縁膜やシリコーン樹脂系・絶縁膜などの弾性絶
縁膜10を形成する。
【0037】形成法としては、これらの樹脂材料をスピ
ン・コート法により塗布する方法が一般的である。その
後、写真製版やエッチング法を用いて、ボンディング・
パッド電極部6を露呈させ、弾性絶縁膜10の開孔部1
1を形成する(図6)。
【0038】このとき、弾性絶縁膜10の開孔部11は
、保護絶縁膜5の開孔部7よりも、内側になるようにし
、ワイヤ・ボンディング時の機械的な力が、保護絶縁膜
に直接加わらないようにする。さもないと図18に示す
ように、ボンディング・パッド電極部6であるアルミ膜
上の保護絶縁膜5にワイヤ・ボンディング時に用いられ
る圧着や超音波などの機械的な力314が加わってしま
い、保護絶縁膜5にクラック315が生ずる。
【0039】このクラック315は、外部より侵入して
くる水分312などが、アルミ配線4まで達し、これら
を腐食させ、蝕孔316を形成して断線故障を引き起こ
す原因となるので望ましくない。
【0040】素子の形成された半導体基板1はダイシン
グにより半導体チップ20として切り出され、従来の場
合と同様にリード・フレーム23のダイパット部23a
に半田や、導電性樹脂等を用いて接着する。
【0041】次に、弾性絶縁膜10の開孔部11とリー
ド・フレーム23のリード部23bを金線などからなる
ボンディング・ワイヤ24で接続する(図7)。
【0042】このとき、ワイヤ・ボンディングのボール
径12は、ボンディング・パッド電極・開孔部11より
も大きくなるようにする。
【0043】このようにしても、上述のように、保護絶
縁膜5の上層に形成されている、弾性絶縁膜10がワイ
ヤ・ボンディング時に加わる機械的な力314が、直接
、保護絶縁膜5に加わるのを防止する作用をするので、
保護絶縁膜5にクラックが入るようなことはない。
【0044】最後に、モールド樹脂25により全体をパ
ッケージする(図8)。
【0045】なお、上記実施例では、ボンディング・パ
ッド電極部6で、弾性を有する絶縁膜10の開孔部11
を、ボンディング・パッド開孔部7よりも、小さくした
場合の例を示したが、これは、ワイヤ・ボンディング時
の機械的な力の影響が、ワイヤ・ボンディング技術側で
低減しうる場合には、図19に示すように、弾性絶縁膜
10の開孔部11と、ボンディング・パッド電極開孔部
7を同時に開孔して、ほぼ、同じ大きさにしても、同様
の効果を奏する。
【0046】また、上記実施例では、保護絶縁膜5が、
シリコン酸化膜、シリコン窒化膜、シリコン酸窒化膜な
どの単層膜である場合について述べたが、保護絶縁膜は
、例えば、図20に示すように、シリコン酸化膜317
とシリコン窒化膜318を積層構造としたような、上記
の膜を組み合わせた絶縁膜であっても良い。
【0047】また、上記実施例では、配線構造が単層で
、かつ、第1の配線がアルミ配線の場合について述べた
が、図21に示すように、第1の配線319は高融点金
属(W,Mo,Ti,etc)等の他の金属配線、高融
点金属シリサイド(WSi2 ,MoSi2 ,TiS
i2 ,etc)配線、あるいは、多結晶シリコン配線
であり、その上に、第2層以上のアルミなどの配線32
0、321が形成された多層配線構造であっても同様の
効果を奏する。
【0048】また、上記実施例では、保護絶縁膜5上に
形成される弾性絶縁膜10が、単層膜である場合につい
て述べたが、例えば、図22に示すように、ボンディン
グ・パッド開孔部7を除く半導体チップの主要部分に形
成する弾性絶縁膜322と、ボンディング・パッド近傍
に設ける弾性絶縁膜323が、異なる材質、異なる膜厚
であっても良い。弾性絶縁膜10,322,323の材
料としてはポリイシド樹脂系絶縁膜やシリコーン樹脂系
絶縁膜を用いることができる。
【0049】また、ボンディング・パッド開孔部7は、
小さな開孔部を複数個設けた形にしてもよい。
【0050】また、上記実施例では、半導体基板1表面
にDRAM素子2が形成された半導体装置に本発明を適
用した場合を述べたが、他のアルミ配線を有する半導体
装置に適用しても同様の効果を奏する。
【0051】例えば、半導体基板表面にSRAM(St
atic  RandomAccess  Memor
y)素子を形成したものに、本発明によるボンディング
・パッド電極構造を適用した実施例を図23に示す。
【0052】詳細な説明は省略し、その主な構成のみを
述べるにとどめるが、図において、1はシリコン半導体
基板、410はシリコン半導体基板1表面に形成された
SRAM素子〔ダブルウェル・CMOS(Comple
mentary  MetalOxide  Semi
−conductor)構造〕、411はP形ウェル領
域、412はN形ウェル領域、413は素子分離用酸化
膜、414はゲート電極、415はN形不純物拡散層、
416はP形不純物拡散層、417は多結晶シリコン配
線、418はコンタクト孔、3はSRAM素子310上
に堆積された下地絶縁膜、4は下地絶縁膜3上に形成さ
れた第1のアルミ配線、5は第1のアルミ配線4上に堆
積された第2の絶縁(保護絶縁膜)膜、6は外部端子(
リード部)23bと接続するためのボンディング・パッ
ド電極、7はボンディング・パッド部開孔部、10は、
弾性絶縁膜、11は弾性絶縁膜10の開孔部、24は弾
性絶縁膜10の開孔部11と、外部端子(リード部)2
3bを接続するためのボンディング・ワイヤ、25は、
モールド樹脂・封止材、である。
【0053】同様に、半導体基板1表面に形成される素
子は、DRAM素子やSRAM素子以外の他の素子、例
えば、EPROM(Erasable  Progra
mable  Read  Only  Memory
)素子、E2 PROM(Electrical  E
lasable  Pro−gramable  RO
M)素子、マイクロ・コンピューター回路素子、CMO
S論理回路素子、バイポーラ・トランジスター素子等、
他の構造の素子であってもよい。
【0054】
【発明の効果】以上に示したように、この発明による半
導体装置は、配線層上のパッド電極部の開孔部の近傍の
絶縁膜の少なくとも最表面に弾性を持つ絶縁膜を設け、
かつワイヤ・ボンディングが前記パッド電極の開孔部を
覆うので、前記パッド電極部において前記配線層は露出
せず、蝕孔の形成が抑えられ、またワイヤ・ボンディン
グ時のクラック発生をも抑え、信頼性のレベルの高い半
導体装置を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の第1の実施例を示す断面図である。
【図2】この発明の第1の実施例の製造工程を示す断面
図である。
【図3】この発明の第1の実施例の製造工程を示す断面
図である。
【図4】この発明の第1の実施例の製造工程を示す断面
図である。
【図5】この発明の第1の実施例の製造工程を示す断面
図である。
【図6】この発明の第1の実施例の製造工程を示す断面
図である。
【図7】この発明の第1の実施例の製造工程を示す断面
図である。
【図8】この発明の第1の実施例の製造工程を示す断面
図である。
【図9】従来の半導体装置の構造を示す断面図である。
【図10】従来のDRAMデバイスの構造を示す断面図
である。
【図11】従来のDRAMデバイスの構造を製造工程順
に示す断面図である。
【図12】従来のDRAMデバイスの構造を製造工程順
に示す断面図である。
【図13】従来のDRAMデバイスの構造を製造工程順
に示す断面図である。
【図14】従来のDRAMデバイスの構造を製造工程順
に示す断面図である。
【図15】従来のDRAMデバイスの構造を製造工程順
に示す断面図である。
【図16】従来のDRAMデバイスの構造を製造工程順
に示す断面図である。
【図17】従来の技術の問題点を示す断面図である。
【図18】従来の技術の問題点を示す断面図である。
【図19】この発明の第2の実施例を示す断面図である
【図20】この発明の第3の実施例を示す断面図である
【図21】この発明の第4の実施例を示す断面図である
【図22】この発明の第5の実施例を示す断面図である
【図23】この発明の第6の実施例を示す断面図である
【符号の説明】
1      シリコン半導体基板 4      配線層 5      第2の絶縁膜(保護絶縁膜)6    
  パッド電極部 7      パッド電極開孔部 10    弾性絶縁膜 24    ワイヤ・ボンディング

Claims (1)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項1】  半導体基板上に配線層を有し、前記配
    線層上に、外部端子と接続するためのパッド電極部を有
    し、前記半導体基板の主要部がパッド電極部の開孔部を
    除き絶縁膜で覆われており、前記パッド電極と外部端子
    とをワイヤ・ボンディングにより接続する構造を有する
    半導体装置において、パッド電極部の開孔部の近傍の前
    記絶縁膜の少なくとも最表面が、弾性を持つ絶縁膜で覆
    われており、かつ、パッド電極部の開孔部は前記ワイヤ
    ・ボンディングが覆う構造を有することを特徴とする半
    導体装置。
JP915791A 1991-01-29 1991-01-29 半導体装置 Expired - Fee Related JP2593965B2 (ja)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP915791A JP2593965B2 (ja) 1991-01-29 1991-01-29 半導体装置
KR1019920000819A KR960002092B1 (ko) 1991-01-29 1992-01-21 반도체장치
DE19924201792 DE4201792C2 (de) 1991-01-29 1992-01-23 Anschlußelektrodenstruktur und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US08/249,679 US5430329A (en) 1991-01-29 1994-05-26 Semiconductor device with bonding pad electrode
US08/416,130 US5525546A (en) 1991-01-29 1995-04-03 Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP915791A JP2593965B2 (ja) 1991-01-29 1991-01-29 半導体装置

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH04271132A true JPH04271132A (ja) 1992-09-28
JP2593965B2 JP2593965B2 (ja) 1997-03-26

Family

ID=11712788

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JP915791A Expired - Fee Related JP2593965B2 (ja) 1991-01-29 1991-01-29 半導体装置

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Country Link
US (2) US5430329A (ja)
JP (1) JP2593965B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR960002092B1 (ja)
DE (1) DE4201792C2 (ja)

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US5430329A (en) 1995-07-04
DE4201792C2 (de) 1996-05-15
US5525546A (en) 1996-06-11
KR960002092B1 (ko) 1996-02-10
DE4201792A1 (de) 1992-08-06
KR920015496A (ko) 1992-08-27
JP2593965B2 (ja) 1997-03-26

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