JP7447341B2 - 低暗電流による光検出装置 - Google Patents
低暗電流による光検出装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7447341B2 JP7447341B2 JP2023106390A JP2023106390A JP7447341B2 JP 7447341 B2 JP7447341 B2 JP 7447341B2 JP 2023106390 A JP2023106390 A JP 2023106390A JP 2023106390 A JP2023106390 A JP 2023106390A JP 7447341 B2 JP7447341 B2 JP 7447341B2
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- 229910005542 GaSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002616 GeOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000018199 S phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910004205 SiNX Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical group [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
- H01L31/107—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiodes
- H01L31/1075—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiodes in which the active layers, e.g. absorption or multiplication layers, form an heterostructure, e.g. SAM structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/028—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L31/0288—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table characterised by the doping material
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- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
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- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
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- H01L27/14609—Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
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- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
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- H01L27/1461—Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements characterised by the photosensitive area
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
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- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14643—Photodiode arrays; MOS imagers
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/02002—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations
- H01L31/02005—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
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- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
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- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/11—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by two potential barriers, e.g. bipolar phototransistors
- H01L31/1105—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by two potential barriers, e.g. bipolar phototransistors the device being a bipolar phototransistor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2019年8月28日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/892,551号、2019年9月12日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/899,153号、2019年10月31日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/929,089号、2020年7月20日に出願された米国仮特許出願第63/053,723号の利益を主張し、それらの特許出願は各々がその全体において本明細書に参照により組み込まれている。
11 第1の表面
12 第2の表面
13 側面
20 基板
20a 基礎部分
20b 上方部分
20c 中間部分
21 第1の表面
22 第2の表面
30 第1の電極
40 第3の電極
60 第2の電極、第3の電極
60a、60b、60c、60d 副電極
100a、100b、100c、100d、200a、200b、200c、200d、300a、400a、500a、600a、600c、600f、600g、700a、700c、700d、700e、800a、800c、800d、800e、1000a、1000b、1000d、1000g、1000h、1000i、1100a、1100b、1100d、1200a、1200b、1200c、1300a、1300b、1400c、1400f、1400g、1400j 光検出デバイス
102、104 第1のドープ領域
103 第2の接触領域
108 第2のドープ領域
108a、108b、108c、108d 小領域
130 第3の電極
130A 電圧制御トランジスタ
140 第1の電極
141A リセットトランジスタ
142A ソースフォロワ
143A 行選択トランジスタ
150A コンデンサ
160 第2の電極
171A 転送トランジスタ
180 制限領域
181 通路
200e、200f 光検出装置
201 伝導領域
202 電荷層
203 修正要素
204 第1の接触領域
205 凹部
206 導波路、隆起、トレンチ
208 第3の接触領域
210 中間ドープ領域
212 下方ドープ領域
302a、302b 第1のドープ領域
303 ドープ領域
330a、330b、330c、330d、330e、330f、330g、330h 読み出し電極
340、340a、340b、340c、340d、340e、340f、340g、340h 制御電極
350 誘電体層
900a、900b 光検出装置
1302 コレクタ領域
1304 エミッタ領域
1308 基礎接触領域
1330 第1の電極
1340 第2の電極
1360 第3の電極
1400 保護層
1401 第1の表面
1500a、1500b、1500c、1500d ゲイン構成要素
1510 軽度ドープ領域
1520 エミッタ領域
1530 コレクタ領域
1540 中度ドープ領域
1600a、1600b、1600c、1600d ゲイン構成要素
1610 軽度ドープ領域
1620 エミッタ領域
1630 コレクタ領域
1640 基礎領域
1650 中度ドープ領域
1700a、1700b、1700c、1800a、1800b、1800c CMOSイメージセンサ
1710、1810 軽度ドープ領域
1720、1820 吸収領域
1722、1822 重度ドープ領域
1730、1830 ゲイン構成要素、ゲイン領域
1750 材料
1900a、1900b 光検出装置
1910 軽度ドープ領域
1920 吸収領域
1922 重度ドープ領域
1930a、1930b ゲイン構成要素、ゲイン領域
1940a、1940b 制御領域
2000a、2000b 光検出装置
2010 基板
2020 吸収領域
2030 軽度ドープ経路
2100a 光検出装置
2110 軽度ドープ領域
2130a、2130b ゲイン構成要素
2140a、2140b 制御領域
2150 基板
2300a 光検出装置
2310 軽度ドープ領域
2312 基板
2320 吸収領域
2322 重度ドープ領域
2330a、2330b ゲイン構成要素
2340a、2340b 制御信号
2400a、2400b 光検出装置
2410 軽度ドープ領域
2420 光線吸収領域
2422 重度ドープ領域
2430a、2430b ゲイン構成要素
2440a、2440b 制御領域、制御信号
2450 基板
2460 軽度ドープ経路
AR 吸収の領域
B 基礎電極
C コレクタ電極
C1、C2、C3、C4 制御領域
d 第1の電極30と側面13との間の最短距離、第1の電極30と側面13との間の距離
D1 第1の表面21に対して実質的に垂直な方向
E エミッタ電極、エミッタ信号
IA1 光電流
M 増倍領域
M1、M2 制御端子、制御信号
TG1 切替信号
VA1 定電圧
VC1 制御電圧
VOUT1 出力電圧
V0 電圧
w1 吸収領域10の幅
w2 第2のドープ領域108の幅
Y 方向
Claims (18)
- 光検出装置であって、
シリコン基板であって、
第1の幅を有する第1の部分であって、第1のnドープ領域を含む、第1の部分と、
前記第1の部分によって支持される第2の部分であって、前記第2の部分は、前記第1の幅よりも小さい第2の幅を有し、前記第2の部分は、前記第1のnドープ領域の少なくとも一部分と直接的に接触しているnドープキャリア伝導領域を含み、前記第1のnドープ領域は、前記nドープキャリア伝導領域の前記第2の幅よりも大きい第3の幅を有する、第2の部分と、を含む、シリコン基板と、
ゲルマニウムを含み、光学信号を受信し、前記光学信号に応答して光キャリアを発生させるように構成される吸収領域であって、前記吸収領域は、少なくとも部分的に前記シリコン基板の前記第2の部分に埋め込まれ、前記吸収領域は上面および下面を含み、前記下面は、ヘテロ界面を形成するために、前記nドープキャリア伝導領域の少なくとも一部分と直接的に接触しており、
前記吸収領域は第1のピークドーピング濃度でpドープされ、
前記nドープキャリア伝導領域は第2のピークドーピング濃度を有し、
前記nドープキャリア伝導領域の前記第2のピークドーピング濃度に対する前記吸収領域の前記第1のピークドーピング濃度の比は10以上であり、
前記nドープキャリア伝導領域は、前記吸収領域から前記第1のnドープ領域へとドリフトする前記光キャリアの一部を増幅させるように構成された増倍領域を含む、吸収領域と、
前記第1のnドープ領域の上に形成された第1の電極であって、前記吸収領域から分離されており、増幅された光キャリアを処理するように構成された回路と結合されている、第1の電極と、
前記吸収領域と電気的に結合される第2の電極と、
を備える、光検出装置。 - 前記nドープキャリア伝導領域は5μm未満の深さを有する、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記吸収領域は段階的なドーピングプロファイルでドープされる、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記吸収領域の少なくとも50%は、1×1016cm-3以上のドーピング濃度でドープされる、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記ヘテロ界面における前記nドープキャリア伝導領域のドーピング濃度に対する前記吸収領域のドーピング濃度の比が10以上である、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記光学信号は、800nm以上の波長範囲にピーク波長を有する、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記吸収領域は、前記上面に形成され前記第2の電極に結合されるpドープ領域をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間の逆方向バイアス下でガイガーモードで動作させられるように構成される、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記第1のnドープ領域は、前記nドープキャリア伝導領域の前記第2のピークドーピング濃度よりも高い第3のピークドーピング濃度を有する、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 光検出装置であって、
シリコン基板であって、
第1の幅を有する第1の部分であって、第1のnドープ領域を含む、第1の部分と、
前記第1の部分によって支持される第2の部分であって、前記第1の幅よりも小さい第2の幅を有し、
前記第1のnドープ領域の少なくとも一部分と直接的に接触しているnドープキャリア伝導領域と、
前記nドープキャリア伝導領域と直接的に接触しているpドープ電荷層とを含み、
前記第1のnドープ領域は、前記nドープキャリア伝導領域の前記第2の幅よりも大きい第3の幅を有する、第2の部分と、を含む、シリコン基板と、
ゲルマニウムを含み、光学信号を受信し、前記光学信号に応答して光キャリアを発生させるように構成される吸収領域であって、前記吸収領域は、少なくとも部分的に前記シリコン基板の前記第2の部分に埋め込まれ、前記吸収領域は上面および下面を含み、前記下面は、前記pドープ電荷層の少なくとも一部分と直接的に接触しており、
前記吸収領域は第1のピークドーピング濃度でpドープされ、
前記nドープキャリア伝導領域は第2のピークドーピング濃度を有し、
前記nドープキャリア伝導領域の前記第2のピークドーピング濃度に対する前記吸収領域の前記第1のピークドーピング濃度の比は10以上であり、
前記nドープキャリア伝導領域は、前記吸収領域から前記第1のnドープ領域へとドリフトする前記光キャリアの一部を増幅させるように構成された増倍領域を含む、吸収領域と、
前記第1のnドープ領域の上に形成された第1の電極であって、前記吸収領域から分離されており、増幅された光キャリアを処理する回路と結合されている、第1の電極と、
前記吸収領域と電気的に結合される第2の電極と、
を備える、光検出装置。 - 前記nドープキャリア伝導領域は5μm未満の深さを有する、請求項10に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記吸収領域は段階的なドーピングプロファイルでドープされる、請求項10に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記吸収領域の少なくとも50%は、1×1016cm-3以上のドーピング濃度でドープされる、請求項10に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記光学信号は、800nm以上の波長範囲にピーク波長を有する、請求項10に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記吸収領域は、前記上面に形成され前記第2の電極に結合されるpドープ領域をさらに含む、請求項10に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間の逆方向バイアス下でガイガーモードで動作させられるように構成される、請求項10に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記第1のnドープ領域は、前記nドープキャリア伝導領域の前記第2のピークドーピング濃度よりも高い第3のピークドーピング濃度を有する、請求項10に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記pドープ電荷層は、10nmから500nmの厚さを有する、請求項10に記載の光検出装置。
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