JP7022070B2 - ハイブリッド車両のための駆動システムおよびそのような駆動システムの動作方法 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド車両のための駆動システムおよびそのような駆動システムの動作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7022070B2 JP7022070B2 JP2018544242A JP2018544242A JP7022070B2 JP 7022070 B2 JP7022070 B2 JP 7022070B2 JP 2018544242 A JP2018544242 A JP 2018544242A JP 2018544242 A JP2018544242 A JP 2018544242A JP 7022070 B2 JP7022070 B2 JP 7022070B2
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- B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
Description
‐(通常の)パッシブ制振器、特にデュアルマスフライホイール
‐アクティブ制御型制振器、特に振動吸収のために必要とされるエネルギーが外部から供給される油圧システム
‐必要な場合に必要とされるエネルギーが特に弾性要素に貯蔵されているセミアクティブ型制振器(一定の閾値を超えて初めて、遮断および開放が行われる)
‐シングルマスフライホイール、デュアルマスフライホイール、またはマルチマスフライホイール
‐ねじり振動制振器、好ましくは回転速度適応型制振器、さらに好ましくは遠心振り子を備えるねじり振動制振器
‐好ましくはねじり振動を低減するための制御可能な液圧要素または電気要素を備えるアクティブ型ねじり振動制振器/ねじり振動ダンパ
‐セミアクティブ型ねじり振動制振器/ねじり振動ダンパ
‐あるいは上記の装置の少なくとも二つを組み合わせたもの
a)駆動システムの一の動作状態において、第一のクラッチが開放されるか、または開放された状態に保持され、内燃機関は停止されるか、もしくはすでに停止された状態にあるステップ。
c)振動錘式駆動ユニットが、接続された第二のクラッチを介するとともに電気機械を用いて、少なくとも振動錘始動回転速度に加速されるか、または振動錘始動回転速度に、あるいはそれを上回るように保持されるステップ。
d)電気的制御ユニットに、アクティブな車両加速のための信号が伝えられ、それにより内燃機関を始動させることが必要となるステップ。
e)続いて第二のクラッチが電気的制御ユニットにより開放されるステップ。
f)続いてまたは同時に、第二のクラッチとオーバーラップして第一のクラッチが接続され、それにより振動錘式駆動ユニットと内燃機関軸との角運動量の均衡化により、内燃機関が内燃機関始動回転速度に加速されるステップ。
g)内燃機関が内燃機関始動回転速度を起点として、燃料が供給される運転で稼動され、内燃機関目標回転速度に加速されるステップ。
モード1:内燃機関の初始動
モード2:電気的クリープ運転時の低速領域内での運転
モード3:内燃機関の停止
モード4:車両停止時または走行中の内燃機関の始動もしくは再始動(内燃機関は停止された状態)
モード5:内燃機関を停止した状態での走行運転、すなわちエンジンオフ滑走、エンジンオフレキュペレーション、電気機械によるトルク提供を伴うエンジンオフE走行
この運転状態は特に、内燃機関が停止されている(燃料を供給されない運転、内燃機関軸は静止)ことを特徴とし、さしあたり振動錘式駆動ユニット内に運動エネルギーは貯蔵されておらず、したがって中間軸は静止している。
-変速機クラッチを開放する、または開放された状態に保持するステップ。
-第二のクラッチを接続する、または接続された状態に保持するステップ。
-第一のクラッチを開放する、または開放された状態に保持するステップ。
-電気機械を用いてねじり振動低減装置を内燃機関の始動のために必要な回転速度に加速するステップ(振動錘始動回転速度)。
-振動錘始動回転速度に到達後、第一のクラッチを接続するステップ。
-内燃機関を燃料が供給される運転にするステップ。
この運転モードは特に、内燃機関が停止されており、ハイブリッド車両が低速領域からの速度で、駆動出力を準備しながら電気機械によって動かされることを特徴とする。本発明の意味において低速領域とは、速度が75km/hより低い、好ましくは50km/hより低い、特に好ましくは15km/hより低い速度領域のことである。
-第一のクラッチを開放する、または開放された状態に保持するステップ。
-第二のクラッチを接続する、または接続された状態に保持し、それにより振動錘式駆動ユニットと電気機械が、互いに回転しないように接続されているステップ。
-電気機械が、ハイブリッド車両を停止から始動させるために、接続された第二のクラッチを介して変速機入力軸に駆動出力を提供するステップ。
-変速機クラッチを部分的に開放し、それにより変速機入力軸と変速機出力軸との間でスリップが可能となるステップ。
-移行段階の間に電気機械の回転速度、およびそれとともに振動錘式駆動ユニットの回転速度を振動錘始動回転速度に増大させるステップであって、ここでいう移行段階とは5秒より短い、好ましくは2秒より短い期間のことであり、移行段階は好適に多くとも1秒であり、あるいはそれより短い。
この運転モードは特に、内燃機関が燃料を供給される運転から停止に移行される、すなわち停止されることを特徴とする。
-第一のクラッチを開放し、または開放を保持し、好ましくは同時に内燃機関を、特に内燃機関の燃焼室への燃料噴射を止めることにより停止させるステップ。
-特に、ねじり振動低減装置が完全に第一のクラッチと第二のクラッチの間に設けられており、それにより第一のクラッチの開放後は、もはや内燃機関軸に連結されていないことにより、慣性モーメント(回転質量)が、従来技術から知られている内燃機関に比べて低減されており、内燃機関の停止後、短時間でも内燃機関軸が停止し、それによりハイブリッド車両の快適性が高められているステップ。
この運転モード(モード4)は特に、内燃機関が停止されており、ハイブリッド車両は電気機械を用いて駆動されるか、あるいは車両はさしあたり停止状態にあることを特徴とする。
-第一のクラッチが開放され、または開放された状態に保持されるステップ。
-第二のクラッチが接続され、または接続された状態に保持され、それにより振動錘式駆動ユニットと電気機械が、互いに回転しないように接続されているステップ。
-変速機クラッチが接続され、または接続された状態に保持され、特に車両が低速のとき、すなわち低速領域からの速度において、変速機クラッチが部分的に接続された状態でスリップを有して動作され、それにより電気機械によってハイブリッド車両を駆動するためのトルクを提供可能であると同時に、振動錘式駆動ユニットを駆動可能であるステップ。
-内燃機関に対して始動要求があり、特に内燃機関が、車載用電気系統に供給を行う目的で電気機械を発電機運転で駆動するために、あるいは要求された加速が電気機械のみでは達成できないために、まず振動錘式駆動ユニットが、第二のクラッチを開放することにより、変速機入力軸から連結解除され、それにより電気機械が、駆動を行うための電気機械の全出力を変速機入力軸に供給できるステップ。
-好ましくは先行するステップと同時に、または好適に先行するステップに遅延して、その後第一のクラッチが接続され、それにより内燃機関軸が振動錘式駆動ユニットにより、内燃機関始動回転速度に加速され、内燃機関は燃料が供給される運転に移行されるステップ。
この運転モード(モード5)は特に、内燃機関が停止されており、ハイブリッド車両が動いており、電気機械は、発電機運転で稼動される(レキュペレーション)か、電流が流れない状態で一緒に回転する(滑走)か、あるいはハイブリッド車両を駆動するために用いられる(E走行)。
-変速機クラッチが少なくとも部分的に、または好ましくは完全に接続され、あるいは接続された状態に保持されるステップ。
-第一のクラッチが開放され、または開放された状態に保持されるステップ。
-第二のクラッチが接続され、または接続された状態に保持されるステップ。
-振動錘式駆動ユニットが、上記の連結(第二のクラッチが接続されている)に基づいて、変速機入力軸の回転速度で回転するステップ。
-加速も減速もアクティブに行われないハイブリッド車両の走行状態(車両ブレーキの操作もないし、口語的にガスペダルないし速度調節装置と称されるアクセルペダルの操作もない。)において、電気機械が制御され、それにより電気機械は変速機入力軸に、変速機入力軸の実際の回転方向と逆方向に作用するトルク(負のトルク)を及ぼし、それにより電気機械を用いて、車載用電気系統に供給可能である電気的出力(電圧、電流)を供給可能であるステップ。
-内燃機関の始動時の角運動量保存に関して、本願では外部モーメントが現れない(内燃機関軸の加速/振動錘式駆動ユニットの減速)ので、存在しないこの外部モーメントをエンジンマウントにおいて支持する必要がなく、エンジンマウントの負荷が取り除かれている。
-さらに、特に内燃機関が高い始動回転速度に加速されることによる、いわゆる始動時のガタつきが低減されている。
-ねじり振動低減装置全体の配設により、好適な回転質量比(内燃機関の回転質量は小さい/振動錘式駆動ユニットの回転質量は大きい)となり、それにより内燃機関の始動時間を短くできる。
-試験により、内燃機関に対して、100msより短い始動時間が達成可能であることが示されている。
-内燃機関の始動のためのエネルギーが始動時点において振動錘式駆動ユニットから(純粋に機械的に)取り出された後は、内燃機関の始動時に車載用電気系統には負荷がかからず、したがって内燃機関始動の間の電圧降下を防ぐための車載用電気系統安定化手段が不要である。
-全体として駆動システムは、極めて多様な走行状況に迅速に反応するように制御可能である。
-試験によれば、例えば信号による停止のためのエンジン始動停止動作は、特に快適に実現可能である。
-個々の運転モードによって示されるように、本駆動システムにより、高電圧駆動機関を備えることなく、極めて多様な走行状況が反映される。
-この電気機械は走行運転に対して最適化することができる。それは、その他の電気機械では略大半を占めるコールドスタートの必要性がこの電気機械にはないからであり、特に内燃機関が振動錘式駆動ユニットによるコールドスタート(内燃機関の大きな始動トルク)を用いて実現され、特にこれにより、従来の駆動システムに対して、特にピニオン式スタータのようなさらなる電気的始動ユニットが省略されるからである。
12 内燃機関
14 内燃機関軸
16 車両変速機/自動変速機
18 変速機入力軸
20 変速機出力軸
22 変速機クラッチ
24 振動錘式駆動ユニット
26 中間軸
28 第一のクラッチ
30 第二のクラッチ
32 電気機械
34 低電圧車載用電気系統
36 ベルハウジング
38 制御ユニット/制御機器
40 第一のクラッチを操作するためのアクチュエータ
42 第二のクラッチを操作するためのアクチュエータ
44 変速機クラッチを操作するためのアクチュエータ
46 アクセルペダル
48 車両速度
49 初始動時の車両速度
50 内燃機関軸の回転速度
51 初始動時の振動錘式駆動ユニットの回転速度
52 振動錘式駆動ユニットの回転速度
54 ねじり振動低減装置
56 DU入力軸
58 DU出力軸
60 第一のクラッチの入力側
62 第一のクラッチの出力側
64 第二のクラッチの入力側
66 第二のクラッチの出力側
68 駆動可能な車輪
Claims (18)
- ハイブリッド車両のための駆動システムであって、
駆動出力をハイブリッド車両の駆動可能な車輪に向かって供給するために構成されている内燃機関軸(14)を有する内燃機関(12)と、
駆動側に変速機入力軸(18)を有し、被駆動側に変速機出力軸(20)を有する車両変速機(16)と、
変速機入力軸(18)と変速機出力軸(20)とを連結または連結解除するための変速機クラッチ(22)と、
駆動出力の伝達に関して内燃機関軸(14)と変速機入力軸(18)との間に設けられている振動錘式駆動ユニット(24)と、
中間軸(26)と、
内燃機関軸(14)と中間軸(26)とを連結または連結解除するための第一のクラッチ(28)と、
中間軸(26)と変速機入力軸(18)とを連結または連結解除するための第二のクラッチ(30)と、
電気機械(32)であって、トルク伝達式に変速機入力軸(18)と接続されているとともに、電気機械によってモータ運転時に変速機入力軸(18)が駆動可能である電気機械と、を備え、
振動錘式駆動ユニットは駆動側のDU入力軸(56)と、被駆動側のDU出力軸(58)とを備える、ねじり振動低減装置を有し、ねじり振動低減装置(54)は中間軸(26)のねじり振動を低減するために構成されているハイブリッド車両のための駆動システムにおいて、
ねじり振動低減装置(54)は、駆動出力の伝達に関して、完全に第一のクラッチ(28)と第二のクラッチ(30)の間に設けられ、
電気的制御ユニット(38)を有し、当該電気的制御ユニット(38)は、
a)内燃機関(12)の停止の際、もしくはその停止状態において、第一のクラッチ(28)が開放され、
c)振動錘式駆動ユニット(24)が、接続された第二のクラッチ(30)を介するとともに電気機械(32)を用いて、少なくとも振動錘始動回転速度に加速されるか、または少なくとも振動錘始動回転速度に保持され、
d)アクティブな車両加速のための信号の電気的制御ユニット(38)への伝達により内燃機関の始動が必要になり、
e)続いて第二のクラッチ(30)が開放され、
f)続いて、第一のクラッチ(28)が接続され、それにより振動錘式駆動ユニット(24)と内燃機関軸(14)との角運動量の均衡化により、内燃機関が内燃機関始動回転速度に加速され、
g)内燃機関が内燃機関始動回転速度を起点として、燃料が供給される運転で稼動され、内燃機関目標回転速度に加速される
制御を行なうように構成されていることを特徴とするハイブリッド車両のための駆動システム。 - ねじり振動低減装置は、内燃機関に向いた一次側と、車両変速機に向いた二次側とを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のハイブリッド車両のための駆動システム。
- ねじり振動を低減するために、DU入力軸がDU出力側に対してねじり可能であり、DU入力軸およびDU出力軸は、互いに同心に、かつ内燃機関軸に対して同心に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のハイブリッド車両のための駆動システム。
- ねじり振動低減装置は、回転速度適応型制振器として形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム。
- 回転速度適応型制振器は、回転速度を適応させるために遠心振り子を有するか、遠心振り子として形成されていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の駆動システム。
- ねじり振動低減装置は、セミアクティブ型またはアクティブ型制振器として形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド車両のための駆動システム。
- 電気機械(32)は60Vより小さい動作電圧を有する低電圧電気機械であることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム。
- 電気機械(32)は車両変速機(16)に組み込まれていることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム。
- 車両変速機(16)は自動変速機として、または自動的に切り替え可能な車両変速機として形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム。
- 車両変速機(16)は駆動側にベルハウジング(36)を有し、電気機械(32)は、ベルハウジング(36)に収容されていることを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム。
- 車載用電気系統(34)が設けられており、電気機械(32)は発電機としても動作可能であり、発電機運転において電気エネルギーを車載用電気系統(34)に供給することを特徴とする請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム(10)を動作させるための方法であって、この駆動システムが電気的制御ユニット(38)を有し、
a)駆動システム(10)の一の動作状態において、第一のクラッチ(28)が開放され、内燃機関(12)が停止されるか、もしくはすでに停止された状態にあるステップと、c)振動錘式駆動ユニット(24)が、接続された第二のクラッチ(30)を介するとともに電気機械(32)を用いて、少なくとも振動錘始動回転速度に加速されるか、または少なくとも振動錘始動回転速度に保持されるステップと、
d)電気的制御ユニット(38)に、アクティブな車両加速のための信号が伝えられ、それにより内燃機関を始動させることが必要となるステップと、
e)続いて第二のクラッチ(30)が電気的制御ユニット(38)により開放されるステップと、
f)続いて、第一のクラッチ(28)が接続され、それにより振動錘式駆動ユニット(24)と内燃機関軸(14)との角運動量の均衡化により、内燃機関が内燃機関始動回転速度に加速されるステップと、
g)内燃機関が内燃機関始動回転速度を起点として、燃料が供給される運転で稼動され、内燃機関目標回転速度に加速されるステップと、
を含む方法。 - 内燃機関始動回転速度に到達した後又は内燃機関目標回転速度に到達した後、第二のクラッチ(30)が接続され、変速機クラッチ(22)は接続されているか、接続され、それにより内燃機関軸(14)とハイブリッド車両の駆動可能な車輪との間で出力伝達もしくは力の流れが生み出されている、請求項12に記載の駆動システム(10)を動作させるための方法。
- 方法のステップa)の直後に、かつ方法のステップc)の前に実施される方法のステップb)において、電気機械(32)は、変速機クラッチ(22)が完全に接続された状態で、または変速機クラッチが部分的に接続された状態で、ハイブリッド車両の駆動可能な車輪と力接続されており、それによりハイブリッド車両の駆動可能な車輪に正または負のトルクを提供する、請求項12または13に記載の駆動システム(10)を動作させるための方法。
- 内燃機関の停止時および車両停止時または車両のクリープ速度において、変速機クラッチ(22)はステップb)の前にスリップ運転にされ、それにより電気機械(32)は、ハイブリッド車両の駆動可能な車輪と力接続されており、それによりハイブリッド車両の駆動可能な車輪に正または負のモーメントを供給すると同時に、第二のクラッチ(30)は接続されているか、または接続され、それにより電気機械(32)と振動錘式駆動ユニット(24)は互いに回転しないように力接続され、電気機械は振動錘始動回転速度に、またはそれを上回るように稼動され、振動錘始動回転速度は、変速機クラッチ(22)が完全に接続されているときに、車輪回転速度を介して実際の車両速度から生じる電気機械の回転速度よりも大きいことを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の駆動システム(10)を動作させるための方法。
- 振動錘始動回転速度は1000回/minから1400回/minまでの領域内にあることを特徴とする請求項12から15のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム(10)を動作させるための方法。
- 振動錘始動回転速度は、車両の起動後、すでに車両停止時に電気機械(32)を介して調整されることを特徴とする請求項12から16のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム(10)を動作させるための方法。
- 振動錘始動回転速度は、車両停止から、電気機械(32)の正のモーメントをハイブリッド車両の駆動可能な車輪に対して最初に提供するのと同時に調整されることを特徴とする請求項12から16のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム(10)を動作させるための方法。
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CA3015572A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
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WO2017144156A1 (de) | 2017-08-31 |
CN108698499B (zh) | 2022-05-03 |
BR112018013091A2 (pt) | 2018-12-11 |
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ZA201803868B (en) | 2019-03-27 |
CA3015572C (en) | 2023-07-04 |
DE102016202828A1 (de) | 2017-08-24 |
US10882512B2 (en) | 2021-01-05 |
EP3419847B1 (de) | 2020-01-22 |
JP2019508312A (ja) | 2019-03-28 |
MX2018010307A (es) | 2018-12-19 |
RU2018130485A (ru) | 2020-02-25 |
AU2017224287A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
WO2017144425A1 (de) | 2017-08-31 |
RU2018130485A3 (ja) | 2020-04-09 |
KR20180117133A (ko) | 2018-10-26 |
CN108698499A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
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