JP6995786B2 - 金属イオン電池用電極 - Google Patents
金属イオン電池用電極 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6995786B2 JP6995786B2 JP2018564799A JP2018564799A JP6995786B2 JP 6995786 B2 JP6995786 B2 JP 6995786B2 JP 2018564799 A JP2018564799 A JP 2018564799A JP 2018564799 A JP2018564799 A JP 2018564799A JP 6995786 B2 JP6995786 B2 JP 6995786B2
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 541
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 148
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 104
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 55
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 55
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 46
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000011263 electroactive material Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 30
- -1 wire Chemical compound 0.000 description 26
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 241000282341 Mustela putorius furo Species 0.000 description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
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- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CPBQJMYROZQQJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium neon Chemical compound [He].[Ne] CPBQJMYROZQQJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Description
前記活性層は、
ケイ素、式SiOx(式中、0<x≦1.5)で表される酸化ケイ素、ゲルマニウム、スズ、アルミニウム、および、それらの混合物から選択される電気活性物質を含む複数の多孔質粒子(i)であって、0.5~40μmの範囲のD50粒径、および30%未満の粒子内空隙率を有する多孔質粒子(i)と、
グラファイト、軟質炭素、および硬質炭素のうちの1つ以上から選択され、D50粒径が1~100μmの範囲である複数の炭素粒子(ii)とを含み、
前記活性層は少なくとも50重量%の前記炭素粒子(ii)を含み、前記多孔質粒子(i)のD50粒径に対する前記炭素粒子(ii)のD50粒径の比は1.5~30の範囲である、金属イオン電池用電極を提供する。
式中、Dは孔径、Pは印加圧力、γは表面張力、φは液体と試料との間の接触角である。
試料の各孔に浸透する水銀の体積は印加した圧力の関数として直接測定する。分析中の圧力増加に伴い、圧力点毎に孔径を算出し、これらの孔を満たすのに必要な水銀の対応する体積を測定する。一定の圧力範囲にわたって取得したこれらの測定値により、試料物質についての孔容積対孔径分布が与えられる。ウォッシュバーンの式では、すべての孔が円筒形であると仮定する。実際の物質においては真正の円筒形孔はめったに見られないが、このように仮定することにより、大部分の物質の孔構造体を十分有用に表すことができる。誤解を避けるために明記すると、本明細書において孔径について言及するときは、水銀ポロシメトリーにより求められる同等の円筒形寸法を指すものとして理解されたい。本明細書において、水銀ポロシメトリーにおいて求めた値は、ASTM UOP574-11にしたがって求められ、室温での水銀についての表面張力γを480mN/m、接触角φを140°とする。室温での水銀の密度を13.5462g/cm3とする。
シリコン、ゲルマニウム、スズ、およびこれらの混合物から選択される電気活性物質を含む複数の多孔質粒子であって、0.5~40μmの範囲のD50粒径、および30%未満の粒子内空隙率を有する複数の多孔質粒子(i)と、
グラファイト、軟質炭素、および硬質炭素から選択される複数の炭素粒子(ii)であって、1~100μmの範囲でD50粒径を有する炭素粒子(ii)とを含む電極組成物であって、
前記電極組成物の固形分に基づいて、前記炭素粒子(ii)を少なくとも50重量%含み、前記多孔質粒子(i)のD50粒径に対する前記炭素粒子(ii)のD50粒径の比が1.5~30の範囲である、電極組成物を提供する。
(i)溶剤を含み、かつ、本発明の第2の態様を参照して定義される電極組成物を含むスラリーを調製する工程と、
(ii)集電体の表面上に前記スラリーをキャストする工程と、
(iii)前記集電体と電気的に接触する活性層を形成するために前記溶剤を除去する工程とを含む、電極の製造方法を提供する。
(i)溶剤を含み、かつ、本発明の第2の態様を参照して定義される電極組成物を含むスラリーを調製する工程と、
(ii)前記スラリーをテンプレート上にキャストする工程と、
(iii)前記電極組成物を含む独立型(free-standing)のフィルムまたはマットを形成するために前記溶剤を除去する工程と、
(iv)集電体と電気的に接触する活性層を形成するために、前記集電体に、前記工程(iii)で得られた前記独立型のフィルムまたはマットを取りつける工程とを含む、電極の製造方法を提供する。
多孔質粒子(i)がシリコンまたはゲルマニウムを含む場合、多孔質粒子(i)は、金属マトリックス中に電気活性物質構造を含む合金粒子から金属マトリックスを浸出することにより製造され得る。多孔質粒子は、
a)複数の合金粒子を提供する工程であって、前記合金粒子は、(i)シリコン、ゲルマニウム、およびこれらの混合物から選択される、11~30重量%の電気活性物質成分と、(ii)マトリックス金属成分とを含む溶融合金を冷却することにより得られ、前記合金粒子は、1~7μmの範囲のD50粒径を有し、前記合金粒子は、マトリックス金属成分中に分散された個々の電気活性物質含有構造体を含む、工程と、
(b)少なくとも一部の前記マトリックス金属成分を除去し、かつ前記電気活性物質含有構造体を少なくとも部分的に露出させるために、工程(a)からの合金粒子を浸出させる工程と、を含む方法により調製され得、前記多孔質粒子は、前記マトリックス金属成分を40重量%以下含む。
Claims (23)
- 集電体と接触する活性層を備える金属イオン電池用電極であって、
前記活性層は、
ケイ素、式SiOx(式中、0<x≦1.5)で表される酸化ケイ素、ゲルマニウム、スズ、アルミニウム、および、それらの混合物から選択される電気活性物質を含む複数の多孔質粒子(i)であって、0.5~20μmの範囲のD50粒径、40μm以下のD90粒径、および30%未満の粒子内空隙率を有する多孔質粒子(i)と、
グラファイト、軟質炭素、および硬質炭素のうちの1つ以上から選択され、D50粒径が1~100μmの範囲である複数の炭素粒子(ii)とを含み、
前記活性層は少なくとも50重量%の前記炭素粒子(ii)を含み、前記多孔質粒子(i)のD50粒径に対する前記炭素粒子(ii)のD50粒径の比は1.5~30の範囲であり、
乾燥した、非充電状態における前記活性層は、0.6~1.8g/cm3の範囲の密度を有する、金属イオン電池用電極。 - 前記多孔質粒子(i)は、少なくとも40重量%の前記電気活性物質を含む、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質粒子(i)は、40~90重量%の前記電気活性物質を含む、請求項2に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質粒子(i)は、少なくとも0.01重量%のアルミニウムおよび/またはゲルマニウムを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質粒子(i)は、アンチモン、銅、マグネシウム、亜鉛、マンガン、クロム、コバルト、モリブデン、ニッケル、ベリリウム、ジルコニウム、鉄、ナトリウム、ストロンチウム、リン、スズ、ルテニウム、金、銀、およびそれらの酸化物から選択される1つ以上の追加の元素を少量含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質粒子(i)の粒度分布幅((D90-D10)/D50)は、5以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質粒子(i)の平均アスペクト比は、3:1未満である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質粒子(i)は、少なくとも0.70の平均球度Savを有する回転楕円状粒子である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質粒子(i)の孔径分布は、500nm未満の孔サイズに少なくとも1つのピークを有する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質粒子(i)のBET表面積は、300m2/g未満である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質粒子(i)は、多孔質一次粒子、多孔質二次粒子、またはそれらの混合物を含む、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質粒子(i)は二次粒子を含み、前記二次粒子は電気活性物質の一次粒子の集合体を含み、前記一次粒子は最小寸法が300nm未満である、請求項11に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質粒子(i)は、電気活性物質の一次粒子を含む二次粒子であり、さらに炭素を含む、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記炭素粒子(ii)のD50粒径は、40μm以下である、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記炭素粒子(ii)は、3:1未満の平均アスペクト比を有する、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記活性層は、1~30重量%の前記多孔質粒子(i)を含む、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記活性層は、30%以下の粒子間空隙率を有する、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質粒子(i)が占める前記活性層の平均断面積百分率は、1%~25%の範囲である、請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記活性層はバインダーを含み、前記バインダーは、前記活性層の総重量に基づいて、0.5~20重量%の量で含まれる、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記活性層は1つ以上の導電性添加剤を含み、前記1つ以上の導電性添加剤は、前記活性層の総重量に基づいて、合計で0.5~20重量%の量で含まれる、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記活性層は、15μm~200μmの範囲の厚さを有する、請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- (a)電極組成物及び溶媒を含むスラリーを調製する工程であって、前記電極組成物は、 ケイ素、式SiOx(式中、0<x≦1.5)で表される酸化ケイ素、ゲルマニウム、スズ、アルミニウム、および、それらの混合物から選択される電気活性物質を含む複数の多孔質粒子(i)であって、0.5~20μmの範囲のD50粒径、40μm以下のD90粒径、および30%未満の粒子内空隙率を有する多孔質粒子(i)と、
グラファイト、軟質炭素、および硬質炭素から選択され、D50粒径が1~100μmの範囲である複数の炭素粒子(ii)とを含み、
前記電極組成物は、前記電極組成物の固形分に基づいて、少なくとも50重量%の前記炭素粒子(ii)を含み、前記多孔質粒子(i)のD50粒径に対する前記炭素粒子(ii)のD50粒径の比が1.5~30の範囲である、スラリーを調製する工程と、
(b)集電体の表面上に前記スラリーをキャストする工程と、
(c)前記集電体と電気的に接触する活性層を形成するために前記溶媒を除去する工程と、
(d)活性層密度を0.6~1.8g/cm3の範囲とするために、前記活性層を高密度化する工程とを含む、電極の製造方法。 - (a)電極組成物及び溶媒を含むスラリーを調製する工程であって、前記電極組成物は、 ケイ素、式SiOx(式中、0<x≦1.5)で表される酸化ケイ素、ゲルマニウム、スズ、アルミニウム、および、それらの混合物から選択される電気活性物質を含む複数の多孔質粒子(i)であって、0.5~20μmの範囲のD50粒径、40μm以下のD90粒径、および30%未満の粒子内空隙率を有する多孔質粒子(i)と、
グラファイト、軟質炭素、および硬質炭素から選択され、D50粒径が1~100μmの範囲である複数の炭素粒子(ii)とを含み、
前記電極組成物は、前記電極組成物の固形分に基づいて、少なくとも50重量%の前記炭素粒子(ii)を含み、前記多孔質粒子(i)のD50粒径に対する前記炭素粒子(ii)のD50粒径の比が1.5~30の範囲である、スラリーを調製する工程と、
(b)前記スラリーをテンプレート上にキャストする工程と、
(c)前記電極組成物を含む独立型のフィルムまたはマットを形成するために前記溶媒を除去する工程と、
(d)集電体と電気的に接触する活性層を形成するために、前記集電体に、前記工程(c)で得られた前記独立型のフィルムまたはマットを取りつける工程と、
(e)活性層密度を0.6~1.8g/cm3の範囲とするために、前記活性層を高密度化する工程とを含む、電極の製造方法。
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JP2019522872A (ja) | 2019-08-15 |
US11127945B2 (en) | 2021-09-21 |
CN109417163B (zh) | 2022-06-17 |
WO2017216558A1 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
CN109417163A (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
EP3469644A1 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
EP4167312A3 (en) | 2023-05-03 |
KR102413416B1 (ko) | 2022-06-27 |
EP3469644B1 (en) | 2022-11-09 |
KR20190018680A (ko) | 2019-02-25 |
EP4167312A2 (en) | 2023-04-19 |
EP4167312B1 (en) | 2024-09-18 |
US20190148718A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
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