JP6743694B2 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6743694B2 JP6743694B2 JP2016514705A JP2016514705A JP6743694B2 JP 6743694 B2 JP6743694 B2 JP 6743694B2 JP 2016514705 A JP2016514705 A JP 2016514705A JP 2016514705 A JP2016514705 A JP 2016514705A JP 6743694 B2 JP6743694 B2 JP 6743694B2
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- binder
- aqueous electrolyte
- battery
- amorphous carbon
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Description
図1に示す形態の非水電解質二次電池1を以下の手順に従って作製した。
<1>負極の作製
負極活物質として、平均粒子径が5.5μmであり、広角X線回折法により決定される層間距離d002が3.45Åの非晶質炭素を準備した。この非晶質炭素95.3質量部と、結着剤としてのスチレン‐ブタジエンゴム(SBR)2.8質量部と、増粘剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)1.9質量部と、水とを混合して、負極合剤(負極ペースト)を調製した。次に、得られた負極合剤を、厚さ10μmの銅箔製の負極集電体の両面にドクターブレード法によって塗布して、負極集電体上に負極合剤層を形成した。その後、負極合剤層を乾燥して、負極を得た。負極には負極リードを取り付けた。
正極活物質としてのLiFePO4の粉体88質量部と、導電助剤としてのアセチレンブラック6質量部と、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)6質量部と、N‐メチル‐2‐ピロリドン(NMP)とを混合して、正極合剤(正極ペースト)を調製した。次に、得られた正極合剤を、厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔製の正極集電体の両面にドクターブレード法によって塗布して、正極集電体上に正極合剤層を形成した。その後、この正極合剤層を乾燥して、正極を得た。正極には正極リードを取り付けた。
セパレータとしては、ポリエチレン微多孔膜を用いた。エチレンカーボネート(EC):ジメチルカーボネート(DMC):エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)=30:20:50(体積比)の混合溶媒に、支持塩としてのLiPF6を1mol/Lとなるように溶解させて、非水電解質としての非水電解質溶液を調製した。そして、セパレータを介して負極と正極とを巻回して発電要素とし、その発電要素をアルミニウム製の角型の電池ケースに収納した。その後、負極リードを介して負極を負極端子に接続し、正極リードを介して正極を電池蓋に接続し、さらにレーザー溶接によって電池蓋を電池ケースに取り付けた。その後、減圧下で非水電解質を注液した後、注液口をレーザー溶接によって封口した。これにより、公称容量が400mAhの角型の非水電解質二次電池(これを電池Aと称する)を作製した。
実施例1の電池Aにおいて、負極活物質として、平均粒子径が7.0μmの非晶質炭素を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、電池Bを作製した。
実施例1の電池Aにおいて、負極活物質として、平均粒子径が11.5μmの非晶質炭素を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、電池Cを作製した。
実施例1の電池Aにおいて、負極活物質として、平均粒子径が14.5μmの非晶質炭素を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、電池Dを作製した。
実施例1の電池Aにおいて、負極活物質として、平均粒子径が16.8μmの非晶質炭素を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、電池Eを作製した。
実施例1の電池Aの負極において、負極活物質として、平均粒子径が2.3μmであり、広角X線回折法により決定される層間距離d002が3.70Åの非晶質炭素を用いたこと、及びこの非晶質炭素を97質量部、結着剤としてのスチレン‐ブタジエンゴム(SBR)を2質量部、増粘剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)を1質量部としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の電池の負極を作製した。
実施例3の電池Fにおいて、負極活物質として、平均粒子径が3.1μmの非晶質炭素を用いたこと以外は実施例3と同様にして、電池Gを作製した。
実施例3の電池Fにおいて、負極活物質として、平均粒子径が4.2μmの非晶質炭素を用いたこと以外は実施例3と同様にして、電池Hを作製した。
実施例3の電池Fにおいて、負極活物質として、平均粒子径が9.8μmの非晶質炭素を用いたこと以外は実施例3と同様にして、電池Iを作製した。
1.実施例1〜2及び比較例1〜3(電池A〜E)について
(1−1)初期容量の確認試験
実施例1〜2及び比較例1〜3の各電池A〜Eにおいて、以下の充放電条件にて初期容量の確認試験をおこなった。25℃において400mAの定電流で3.55Vまで充電し、さらに3.55Vで定電圧にて充電し、定電流充電及び定電圧充電を含めて合計3時間充電した。充電後に400mAの定電流にて2.00Vの放電終止電圧まで放電をおこない、この放電容量を「初期容量」とした。
初期容量の確認試験後の各電池A〜Eについて、以下の条件にてサイクル寿命試験をおこなった。45℃にて400mAの定電流で3.55Vまで充電し、さらに3.55Vで定電圧にて充電し、定電流及び定電圧充電を含めて合計3時間充電した後、400mAの定電流にて2.00Vまで放電をおこなうことを1サイクルとして、このサイクルを500サイクル繰り返した。
初期容量の確認試験後の各電池A〜Eを、25℃において400mA定電流で3.20Vまで充電し、さらに3.20V定電圧で合計3時間充電することにより電池のSOC(State Of Charge)を50%に設定し、0℃で5時間保持した後、80mA(I1)で10秒間放電したときの電圧(E1)、200mA(I2)で10秒間放電したときの電圧(E2)及び400mA(I3)で10秒間放電したときの電圧(E3)をそれぞれ測定した。ここで、「SOCを50%」とは、電池の容量に対して、充電電気量が50%であることを表わす。
各電池A〜Eの直流抵抗(Rx)の相対値=[各電池A〜Eの直流抵抗(Rx)/電池Eの直流抵抗(Rx)]×100 ・・・(1)
(2−1)初期容量の確認試験
実施例3〜5及び比較例4の各電池F〜Iについて、以下の充放電条件にて初期容量の確認試験をおこなった。25℃において5.0Aの定電流で4.20Vまで充電し、さらに4.20Vで定電圧にて充電し、定電流充電及び定電圧充電を含めて合計3時間充電した。充電後に5.0Aの定電流にて2.50Vの放電終止電圧まで放電をおこない、この放電容量を「初期容量」とした。
初期容量の確認試験後の各電池F〜Iについて、初期容量の90%を充電することで電池のSOCを90%に調整後、65℃環境下において60日間保管した。60日間保管後の各電池F〜Iについて、初期容量の測定と同じ条件で放電容量を測定し、当該放電容量を初期容量で除することによって容量保持率を算出した。
初期容量の確認試験後の各電池F〜Iについて、初期容量の50%を充電することで電池のSOCを50%に調整し、−10℃にて4時間保持した後、1.0A(I4)で10秒間放電した時の電圧(E4)、2.5A(I5)で10秒間放電した時の電圧(E5)及び5.0A(E6)で10秒間放電した時の電圧(E6)をそれぞれ測定した。これら測定値(E4、E5、E6)を用いて、直流抵抗(Ry)を算出した。具体的には、横軸を電流、縦軸を電圧とするグラフ上に、上記測定値E4、E5、E6をプロットし、それら3点を最小二乗法による回帰直線(近似直線)により近似し、その直線の傾きを直流抵抗(Ry)とした。
各電池F〜Iの直流抵抗(Ry)の相対値=[各電池F〜Iの直流抵抗(Ry)/電池Iの直流抵抗(Ry)]×100 ・・・(2)
表1に示される結果から、以下の事項が明らかとなった。
2 発電要素
3 正極(正極板)
4 負極(負極板)
5 セパレータ
6 電池ケース
7 電池蓋
8 安全弁
9 負極端子
10 正極リード
11 負極リード
20 蓄電ユニット
30 蓄電装置
40 車体本体
100 自動車
Claims (8)
- 負極活物質としての非晶質炭素と、結着剤と、を含む負極を備え、
前記結着剤は、水性結着剤を含み、
前記水性結着剤は、水系溶媒に溶解又は分散可能な、ゴム状高分子であり、
前記非晶質炭素の平均粒子径は、2.3μm以上4.2μm以下であり、
前記平均粒子径は、体積標準の粒度分布における累積度50%(D50)の粒子径である、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記非晶質炭素は、広角X線回折法により決定される層間距離d002が3.60Å以上である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記負極は、増粘剤を含み、
前記増粘剤は、セルロース系高分子を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記セルロース系高分子は、カルボキシメチルセルロースを含む、請求項3に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記セルロース系高分子のエーテル化度は、1以下である、請求項3又は請求項4に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池が、複数備えられる、組電池。
- 請求項6に記載の組電池が、備えられる、蓄電装置。
- 請求項7に記載の蓄電装置が、備えられる、自動車。
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2015
- 2015-04-16 DE DE112015001992.8T patent/DE112015001992T5/de active Pending
- 2015-04-16 CN CN201580021892.6A patent/CN106575746B/zh active Active
- 2015-04-16 US US15/304,981 patent/US20170207445A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN106575746B (zh) | 2020-11-03 |
US20170207445A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
DE112015001992T5 (de) | 2017-01-12 |
CN106575746A (zh) | 2017-04-19 |
WO2015162885A1 (ja) | 2015-10-29 |
JP2020188017A (ja) | 2020-11-19 |
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JP7021690B2 (ja) | 2022-02-17 |
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