JP6704622B2 - リチウム電極およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム電極およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6704622B2 JP6704622B2 JP2016571397A JP2016571397A JP6704622B2 JP 6704622 B2 JP6704622 B2 JP 6704622B2 JP 2016571397 A JP2016571397 A JP 2016571397A JP 2016571397 A JP2016571397 A JP 2016571397A JP 6704622 B2 JP6704622 B2 JP 6704622B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- group
- carbonate
- porous carbon
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 169
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 136
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 85
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 2,3-pentylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-caprolactone Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)O1 JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)OC1C LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013210 LiNiMnCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012305 LiPON Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1COC(=O)O1 AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 108010000020 Platelet Factor 3 Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 21
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 4
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- WONYVCKUEUULQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-(2-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1C WONYVCKUEUULQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTMODJXOTWYBOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 JTMODJXOTWYBOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1OC(=O)OC1C LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical group CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020731 Li0.35La0.55TiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910009150 Li1.3Al0.3Ge1.7(PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009178 Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007622 Li1.8N0.4Cl0.6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005317 Li14Zn(GeO4)4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical group C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004857 imidazopyridinyl group Chemical group N1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=N2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SMBGWMJTOOLQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Pb].OS(O)(=O)=O SMBGWMJTOOLQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Inorganic materials [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004750 melt-blown nonwoven Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005184 naphthylamino group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004934 phenanthridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC=C3C=CC=CC3=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001791 phenazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007764 slot die coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001935 tetracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005247 tetrazinyl group Chemical group N1=NN=NC(=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004305 thiazinyl group Chemical group S1NC(=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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Description
本出願の一実施態様によれば、リチウム金属と多孔性炭素体の接触表面積が向上することによってリチウム二次電池の性能を向上させることができる。
mおよびnは繰り返し単位数を意味し、
1≦m≦500、1≦n≦500であり、
X1、X2およびX3は互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して下記化学式1〜化学式3のうちいずれか1つで表され、
L1は直接連結であるか、−CZ2Z3−、−CO−、−O−、−S−、−SO2−、−SiZ2Z3−および置換もしくは非置換の2価のフルオレン基のうちいずれか1つであり、
Z2およびZ3は互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して水素、アルキル基、トリフルオロメチル基(−CF3)およびフェニル基のうちいずれか1つであり、
S1〜S5は互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して水素;重水素;ハロゲン基;シアノ基;ニトリル基;ニトロ基;ヒドロキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のシクロアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のシリル基;置換もしくは非置換のホウ素基;置換もしくは非置換のアミン基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;または置換もしくは非置換のヘテロアリール基であり、
a、b、c、pおよびqは互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して0以上4以下の整数であり、
p+q≦6であり、
a’は1以上5以下の整数であり、
前記化学式Bにおいて、Y1は下記化学式4〜化学式6のうちいずれか1つで表され、
L2は直接連結であるか、−CO−、−SO2−、および置換もしくは非置換の2価のフルオレン基の中から選択されるいずれか1つであり、
d、e、f、gおよびhは互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して0以上4以下の整数であり、
f+g≦6であり、b’は1以上5以下の整数であり、
T1〜T5は互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して少なくとも1つは−SO3Li、−COOLiまたは−OLiであり、残りは互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して水素;重水素;ハロゲン基;シアノ基;ニトリル基;ニトロ基;ヒドロキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のシクロアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のシリル基;置換もしくは非置換のホウ素基;置換もしくは非置換のアミン基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;または置換もしくは非置換のヘテロアリール基である。
S6〜S8は互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して水素;重水素;ハロゲン基;シアノ基;ニトリル基;ニトロ基;ヒドロキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のシクロアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のシリル基;置換もしくは非置換のホウ素基;置換もしくは非置換のアミン基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;または置換もしくは非置換のヘテロアリール基であり、
sおよびtは互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して0以上4以下の整数であり、
rは0以上8以下の整数である。
前記Z1は下記化学式7〜化学式9のうちいずれか1つで表されることができる。
L3〜L6は互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して直接連結であるか、−O−、−CO−または−SO2−であり、
E1〜E7は互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して水素;重水素;ハロゲン基;シアノ基;ニトリル基;ニトロ基;ヒドロキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のシクロアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のシリル基;置換もしくは非置換のホウ素基;置換もしくは非置換のアミン基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;または置換もしくは非置換のヘテロアリール基であり、
c’、d’、e’およびh’は互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して0以上4以下の整数であり、
f’、g’およびi’は互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して0以上3以下の整数であり、
X4およびX5は互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立して前記化学式BのX3またはY1の定義と同様である。
以下では実施例を通じて本出願をより詳細に説明する。但し、以下の実施例は本出願を例示するためのものであって、それによって本出願の範囲が限定されるものではない。
正極活物質としてLiCoO2 95wt.%、導電材としてSuper−P 2.5wt.%、およびバインダーとしてPVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) 2.5wt.%を含む正極、
多孔性炭素体であるカーボンペーパー(厚さ100μm、気孔度90%、Toray社製)にリチウム金属(カーボンペーパーおよびリチウム金属の全体含量に対して40wt.%)が挿入されたリチウム電極である負極、および
EC/EMC=3:7(vol.ratio)、LiPF6 1Mの電解液を用いて電池を製造した。
実施例2においてリチウム金属の含量をカーボンペーパーおよびリチウム金属の全体含量に対して90wt.%にしたことを除いては、実施例2と同様の方法によって電池を製造した。
実施例2においてカーボンペーパーの気孔度が50%のものを用いたことを除いては、実施例2と同様の方法によって電池を製造した。
実施例2においてカーボンペーパーの厚さが200μmのものを用いたことを除いては、実施例2と同様の方法によって電池を製造した。
実施例1においてリチウム電極上にPVDF−HFP(poly(vinylidene fluoride−co−hexafluoropropylene))をもって5μm厚さでリチウムイオン伝導性保護層を形成したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法によって電池を製造した。
実施例2においてスルホン酸基があるlithiatedポリアリーレンエーテル共重合体の厚さを20μmにしたことを除いては、実施例2と同様の方法によって電池を製造した。
実施例2においてスルホン酸基があるlithiatedポリアリーレンエーテル共重合体の厚さを1μmにしたことを除いては、実施例2と同様の方法によって電池を製造した。
実施例1において負極としてリチウム金属フォイルを用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法によって電池を製造した。
比較例1においてリチウム金属フォイル上にスルホン酸基があるlithiatedポリアリーレンエーテル共重合体をもって5μm厚さでリチウムイオン伝導性保護層を形成したことを除いては、比較例1と同様の方法によって電池を製造した。
前記実施例1〜8、比較例1および2で製造された電池を0.5C/0.5C充電/放電して電池の短絡時点を測定し、その結果を下記表1に示す。
11 集電体
12 リチウムフォイル
13、130 リチウムイオン伝導性保護層
110 多孔性炭素体
120 リチウム金属
Claims (19)
- 多孔性炭素体、および
前記多孔性炭素体の気孔に挿入されたリチウム金属を含み、
前記気孔の平均孔径は5〜500μmである、リチウム電極。 - 前記リチウム電極の少なくとも一面に形成されたリチウムイオン伝導性保護層をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記リチウム金属の含量は前記多孔性炭素体およびリチウム金属の全体重量を基準に1〜80重量%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記多孔性炭素体は、活性炭、グラファイト(graphite)、グラフェン(graphene)、炭素ナノチューブ(CNT)、炭素繊維、カーボンブラックおよび炭素エアロゾルの中から選択される少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記多孔性炭素体の気孔度は50〜99%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記気孔の平均孔径は10〜100μmである、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記多孔性炭素体の厚さは200μm以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記多孔性炭素体の形態はメッシュ(mesh)、フォーム(form)またはペーパー(paper)である、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記リチウムイオン伝導性保護層はリチウムイオン伝導度が10−7S/cm以上の材料を含む、請求項2に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記リチウムイオン伝導性保護層は無機化合物および有機化合物の中から選択される少なくとも1つを含む、請求項2に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記無機化合物は、LiPON、ヒドリド(hydride)系化合物、チオリシコン(thio−LISICON)系化合物、ナシコン(NASICON)系化合物、リシコン(LISICON)系化合物およびペロブスカイト(Perovskite)系化合物からなる群より選択されたいずれか1つまたはこれらのうちの2種以上の混合物である、請求項10に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記有機化合物は、ポリエチレンオキシド(PEO)、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、ポリビニリデンフルオリド(PVDF)、および−SO3Li、−COOLiまたは−OLiを含む高分子の中から選択される、請求項10に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記リチウムイオン伝導性保護層の厚さは0.01μm〜5μmである、請求項2に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記リチウム電極の厚さは250μm以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 正極、負極、および電解質を含むリチウム二次電池であって、
前記負極は請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載のリチウム電極であるリチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極は、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMn2O4、LiCoPO4、LiFePO4、LiNiMnCoO2およびLiNi1−x−y−zCoxM1yM2zO2(M1およびM2は互いに独立してAl、Ni、Co、Fe、Mn、V、Cr、Ti、W、Ta、MgおよびMoからなる群より選択されたいずれか1つであり、x、yおよびzは互いに独立して酸化物組成元素の原子分率として0≦x<0.5、0≦y<0.5、0≦z<0.5、x+y+z≦1である)からなる群より選択されるいずれか1つまたはこれらのうちの2種以上の混合物である正極活物質を含む、請求項15に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電解質は有機溶媒および電解質塩を含む、請求項15に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記有機溶媒は、エチレンカーボネート(ethylene carbonate、EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(propylene carbonate、PC)、1,2−ブチレンカーボネート、2,3−ブチレンカーボネート、1,2−ペンチレンカーボネート、2,3−ペンチレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(fluoroethylene carbonate、FEC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、ジプロピルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、メチルプロピルカーボネート、エチルプロピルカーボネート、ジメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、ジプロピルエーテル、メチルエチルエーテル、メチルプロピルエーテル、エチルプロピルエーテル、メチルアセテート、エチルアセテート、プロピルアセテート、メチルプロピオネート、エチルプロピオネート、プロピルプロピオネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、γ−カプロラクトン、σ−バレロラクトンおよびε−カプロラクトンからなる群より選択されるいずれか1つまたはこれらのうちの2種以上の混合物である、請求項17に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電解質塩は、陰イオンとして、F−、Cl−、Br−、I−、NO3 −、N(CN)2 −、BF4 −、ClO4 −、PF6 −、(CF3)2PF4 −、(CF3)3PF3 −、(CF3)4PF2 −、(CF3)5PF−、(CF3)6P−、CF3SO3 −、CF3CF2SO3 −、(CF3SO2)2N−、(FSO2)2N−、CF3CF2(CF3)2CO−、(CF3SO2)2CH−、(SF5)3C−、(CF3SO2)3C−、CF3(CF2)7SO3 −、CF3CO2 −、CH3CO2 −、SCN−および(CF3CF2SO2)2N−からなる群より選択されるいずれか1つまたはこれらのうちの2種以上を含む、請求項17に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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WO2014021691A1 (ko) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-06 | (주)오렌지파워 | 음극재, 음극 조립체, 이차 전지 및 이들의 제조 방법 |
EP3059784B1 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2018-07-11 | LG Chem, Ltd. | Separation membrane and lithium-sulfur battery comprising same |
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EP3157078B1 (en) | 2018-10-17 |
WO2015190898A1 (ko) | 2015-12-17 |
US10312502B2 (en) | 2019-06-04 |
CN106415893A (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
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